commit d2c301c7f6e3eefa3c80bc4a3186ce8e58967504
Author: Christopher Antila <crantila(a)fedoraproject.org>
Date: Thu Aug 26 15:26:43 2010 -0400
FMG: updated JACK and sound servers
fedoradocs.db | Bin 359424 -> 359424 bytes
public_html/Sitemap | 34 +++---
public_html/as-IN/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/bg-BG/toc.html | 8 +-
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public_html/da-DK/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/de-DE/toc.html | 10 +-
public_html/el-GR/toc.html | 6 +-
...ft_Documentation-0.1-Musicians_Guide-en-US.epub | Bin 2262035 -> 2261998 bytes
.../0.1/html-single/Musicians_Guide/index.html | 148 +++++++++-----------
.../appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History.html | 3 +
.../0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/index.html | 6 +-
.../0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/ix01.html | 2 +-
.../0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pr01s02.html | 2 +-
.../pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html | 8 +-
.../0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt01.html | 2 +-
.../0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt02.html | 2 +-
...ans_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK.html | 55 ++++----
...-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References.html | 2 +-
.../sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html | 68 +++------
...aft_Documentation-0.1-Musicians_Guide-en-US.pdf | Bin 2883311 -> 2884478 bytes
public_html/en-US/toc.html | 8 +-
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public_html/toc.html | 26 ++--
public_html/uk-UA/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/zh-CN/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/zh-TW/toc.html | 8 +-
57 files changed, 319 insertions(+), 363 deletions(-)
---
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id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This
is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe
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font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt"
text-align="center"><h2 class="subtitle">A guide to Fedora
Linux's audio creation and music capabilities.</h2></div><p
class="edition">Edition 14.0.1</p><div font-family
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class="surname">Antila</span></h3><div
class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Fedora
Documentation Project</span></div><code class="email"><a
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class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Fedora
Documentation Project</span></div><code class="email"><a
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font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold"
font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div
class="abstract"
title="Abstract"><h6>Abstract</h6><div
class="para">
This document explores some audio-creation and music activities possible with Fedora
Linux. Computer audio concepts are explained, and a selection of programs are demonstrated
with tutorials showing a typical usage.
- </div></div></div></div><hr /></div><div
class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a
href="#pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface">Preface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#id530717">1. Document
Conventions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#id1684313">1.1. Typographic
Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#id441573">1.2. Pull-quote
Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#id594783">1.3. Notes and
Warnings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#id494318">2. We Need
Feedback!</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="part"><a href="#id1626509">I. Linux Audio
Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards">1. Sound Cards and Digital
Audio</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Sound_Cards_Are">1.1. Types of Sound
Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a h
ref="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audio_Interfaces">1.1.1. Audio
Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-MIDI_Interfaces">1.1.2. MIDI
Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections">1.2. Sound Card
Connections</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Motherboard_Integrated">1.2.1. Integrated into
the Motherboard</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-PCI_Sound_Cards">1.2.2. Internal PCI
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FireWire_Sound_Cards">1.2.3. External FireWire
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-USB_Sound_Cards">1.2.4. External USB
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Choose_Sound_Card_Connection">1.2.5. Choosing a
Connection Type</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format">1.3. Sample,
Sample Rate, Sample Format, and Bit
Rate</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample">1.3.1.
Sample</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Format">1.3.2. Sample
Format</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate">1.3.3. Sample
Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_Rate">1.3.4. Bit
Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_and_Sample_Rate_Conclusions">1.3.5.
Conclusions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary">1.4. Other Digital Audio
Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-MIDI_Sequencer">1.4.1. MIDI
Sequencer</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sec
t-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Bus">1.4.2. Busses, Master Bus, and Sub-Master
Bus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Level">1.4.3. Level
(Volume/Loudness)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Panning_and_Balance">1.4.4. Panning
and Balance</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Time">1.4.5. Time, Timeline, and
Time-Shifting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Synchronization">1.4.6.
Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Routing_and_Multiplexing">1.4.7.
Routing and Multiplexing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Multichannel_Audio">1.4.8. Multichannel
Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware">2. Software for
Sou
nd Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-ALSA">2.1. How Linux Deals with
Audio Hardware</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section">2.2. Sound
Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-PulseAudio">2.2.1.
PulseAudio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-JACK">2.2.2. <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection
Kit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon">2.2.3.
Phonon</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK">2.3. Using the <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection
Kit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and
Configuring <code class="systemitem">JA
CK</code></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl">2.3.2. Using <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK">2.3.3.
Integrating <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> with <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency">3. Real-Time and Low
Latency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1. Why Low Latency Is
Desirable</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Processor_Scheduling">3.2. Processor
Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_Linux_Kernel">3.3. The Real-Time Linux
Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hard_and_Soft_
Real_Time">3.4. Hard and Soft
Real-Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Getting_Real_Time_Kernel_in_Fedora">3.5. Getting
a Real-Time Kernel in Fedora
Linux</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CCRMA_at_Home">4. Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Is_Planet_CCRMA">4.1. About Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA">4.2.
Deciding Whether to Use Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Need_Exclusive_Software">4.2.1. Exclusive
Software</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Security_and_Stability">4.2.2. Security and
Stability</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Best_Practices">4.2.3. A
Possible "Best Practices"
Solution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software">4.3. Using Software
from Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository">4.3.1. Installing
the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Repository_Priorities">4.3.2. Set
Repository Priorities</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Preventing_Package_Updates">4.3.3. Prevent
a Package from Being
Updated</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="part"><a href="#id479500">II. Audio and Music
Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity">5.
Audacity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Knowing_When_to_Use">5.1. Kowing When
to
Use Audacity</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation">5.2.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Software_Requirements">5.2.1. Software
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Hardware_Requirements">5.2.2. Hardware
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation">5.2.3. Standard
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation_with_RPM_Fusion">5.2.4.
Installation with MP3 Support</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Playback">5.2.5.
Post-Installation Test: Playback</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Recording">5.2.6.
Post-Installation Test: Recording</a
</span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration">5.3.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-First_Use">5.3.1. When You Run Audacity
for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Configure_to_Use_Your_Hardware">5.3.2.
Configuring Audacity for Your Sound
Card</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Setting_Sample_Rate_and_Format">5.3.3.
Setting the Project's Sample Rate and
Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Interface">5.4. The
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording">5.5.
Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Start_to_Record">5.5.1. Start
to Record</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Continuing_to_Record">5.5.2.
Continue to
Record</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial">5.6. Creating a New Login
Sound (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Files">5.6.1. Files for the
Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Scenario">5.6.2.
Scenario</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Aligning_Tracks">5.6.3. Align
Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Stretching_Tracks">5.6.4.
Stretching Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Adjust_Volume_Level">5.6.5.
Adjust the Volume Level</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audac
ity-Tutorial-Remove_Noise">5.6.6. Remove
Noise</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Fade_Out">5.6.7. Fade In or
Out</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Removing_Audio">5.6.8. Remove
Some Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Repeating_a_Segment">5.6.9.
Repeat an Already-Recorded Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Using_the_Phaser">5.6.10. Add a
Special Effect (the Phaser)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Conclusion">5.6.11.
Conclusion</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export">5.7. Save and
Export</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_Part_of_a_File">5.7.1. Export
Part of
a File</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_a_Whole_File">5.7.2. Export a
Whole
File</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations">6. Digital Audio
Workstations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Which_DAW_to_Use">6.1. Knowing Which DAW
to Use</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recording">6.2. Stages of
Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Recording">6.2.1.
Recording</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Mixing">6.2.2.
Mixing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Mastering">6.2.3.
Mastering</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Record_Mix_Master_More_Info">6.2.4. More
Information</a></span></dt></d
l></dd><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Vocabulary">6.3. Interface
Vocabulary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session">6.3.1.
Session</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_and_Multitrack">6.3.2. Track and
Multitrack</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Region_Clip_Segment">6.3.3. Region, Clip, or
Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session_Track_Region">6.3.4. Relationship of
Session, Track, and Region</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Transport_and_Playhead">6.3.5. Transport and
Playhead</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Automation">6.3.6.
Automation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface">6.4. User
Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><
span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Messages_Pane">6.4.1. "Messages"
Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Clock">6.4.2.
Clock</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Info_Pane">6.4.3. "Track Info"
Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Pane">6.4.4. "Track"
Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Transport_Controls">6.4.5. Transport
Controls</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour">7.
Ardour</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Requirements_and_Installation">7.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Knowledge_Requirements">7.1.1. Knowledge
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Mus
icians_Guide-Ardour-Software_Requirements">7.1.2. Software
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Hardware_Requirements">7.1.3. Hardware
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Installation">7.1.4.
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session">7.2. Recording a
Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Running_Ardour">7.2.1. Running
<span
class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Interface">7.2.2. The
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_the_Timeline">7.2.3.
Setting up the Timeline</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recordin
g-Connecting_Audio_Sources">7.2.4. Connecting Audio Sources to <span
class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_Busses_and_Tracks">7.2.5.
Setting up the Busses and Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Adjusting_Recording_Level">7.2.6.
Adjusting Recording Level (Volume)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_a_Region">7.2.7.
Recording a Region</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_More">7.2.8. Recording
More</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Routing_Audio">7.2.9. Routing
Audio and Managing <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>
Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Importing_Exis
ting_Audio">7.2.10. Importing Existing
Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Tutorial_Files">7.3. Files for the
Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing">7.4. Editing a Song
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.1. Add
Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Connect_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.2.
Connect the Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Edit_Groups">7.4.3. Creating Edit
Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Regions_to_Tracks">7.4.4. Add
Regions to Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Cut_Regions_Down_to_Size">7.4.5.
Cut the
Regions Down to Size</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Compare_Multiple_Recordings">7.4.6.
Compare Multiple Recordings of the Same
Thing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Arrange">7.4.7. Arrange Regions
into the Right Places</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Listen">7.4.8.
Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing">7.5. Mixing a Song
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Enabling_Stereo_Output">7.5.1.
Setting the Session for Stereo Output and Disabling Edit
Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Levels">7.5.2. Set
Initial Levels</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Pa
nning">7.5.3. Set Initial
Panning</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Automation_Tracks">7.5.4. Make
Further Adjustments with an Automation
Track</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Other_Things">7.5.5. Other Things
You Might Want to Do</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Listen">7.5.6.
Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering">7.6. Mastering a
Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Ways_to_Export">7.6.1. Ways to
Export Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Using_Export_Window">7.6.2.
Using the Export
Window</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor">8.
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Requirements_and_Installation">8.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Knowledge_Requirements">8.1.1. Knowledge
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Software_Requirements">8.1.2. Software
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Hardware_Requirements">8.1.3. Hardware
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Other_Requirements">8.1.4. Other
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Installation">8.1.5.
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration">8.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Q
tractor-Configuration-Audio_Tab">8.2.1. Audio
Options</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Tab">8.2.2. MIDI
Options</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Channel_Names">8.2.3.
Configuring MIDI Channel
Names</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using">8.3. Using
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Blue_Place_Markers">8.3.1. Using
the Blue Place-Markers</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-MIDI_Tools">8.3.2. Using the MIDI
Matrix Editor's Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-JACK">8.3.3. Using JACK with
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Exporting_Audio_and_MIDI_Together
">8.3.4. Exporting a Whole File (Audio and MIDI
Together)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Tips">8.3.5. Miscellaneous
Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial">8.4. Creating a MIDI
Composition
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Inspiration">8.4.1.
Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Requirements">8.4.2. Files for
the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Getting_Qtractor_Ready">8.4.3.
Getting Qtractor Ready</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Import_the_Audio_File">8.4.4.
Import the Audio File</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Marking_the_First_Formal_Ar
ea">8.4.5. Marking the First Formal
Area</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Creating_our_Theme">8.4.6.
Creating our Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Repeat_the_Theme">8.4.7. Repeat
the Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Compose_the_Next_Part">8.4.8.
Compose the Next Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_52_to_75">8.4.9.
Qtractor's Measures 52 to 75</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_75_to_97">8.4.10.
Qtractor's Measures 75 to 97</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measure_97">8.4.11.
Qtractor's Measure 97</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_98_to_119">8.4.1
2. Qtractor's Measures 98 to 119</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_119_to_139">8.4.13.
Qtractor's Measures 119 to 139</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_139_to_158">8.4.14.
Qtractor's Measures 139 to 158</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_158_to_176">8.4.15.
Qtractor's Measures 158 to 176</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_177_to_the_End">8.4.16.
Qtractor's Measures 177 to the
End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden">9.
Rosegarden</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Requirements_and_Installation">9.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians
_Guide-Rosegarden-Knowledge_Requirements">9.1.1. Knowledge
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Software_Requirements">9.1.2. Software
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Hardware_Requirements">9.1.3. Hardware
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Other_Requirements">9.1.4. Other
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Installation">9.1.5.
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration">9.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-JACK_and_Qsynth">9.2.1.
Setup <span
class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span> and
<span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><spa
n class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-Rosegarden">9.2.2. Setup
<span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden_and_LilyPond">9.3. <span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> and
LilyPond</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial">9.4. Write a Song in
<span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span>
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Bass_Line">9.4.1. Start the
Score with a Bass Line</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Percussion_Track">9.4.2. Add
a Percussion Track</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Spice_up_the_Percussion">9.4.3.
Spice up the Percussion</a></span></dt><dt
<span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Melody">9.4.4. Add a
Melody</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Ways_to_Continue">9.4.5.
Possible Ways to
Continue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth">10.
FluidSynth</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-SoundFont_Technology_and_MIDI">10.1.
SoundFont Technology and
MIDI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-How_to_Get_a_SoundFont">10.1.1. How to
Get a SoundFont</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Terms">10.1.2. MIDI Instruments,
Banks, Programs, and Patches</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Channels">10.1.3. MIDI
Channels</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section">
<a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_Installation">10.2.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">10.2.1.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation">10.2.2.
Thare Are Two Ways to Install <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_with_Qsynth">10.2.3.
Installation with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_without_Qsynth">10.2.4.
Installation without <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst">1
0.2.5. Installation of SoundFont
Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-In_a_Terminal">10.3. Using <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> in a
Terminal</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring">10.4. Configuring
<span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Starting_FluidSynth">10.4.1.
Starting <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-SoundFont">10.4.2.
SoundFont Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-JACK_Output">10.4.3.
<span class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span>
Output Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#s
ect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-MIDI_Input">10.4.4. MIDI Input
Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Viewing_all_Settings">10.4.5.
Viewing all <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span>
Settings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels">10.5.
Assigning Programs to Channels with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Changing_Number_of_Input_Channels">10.5.1.
Changing the Number of MIDI Input
Channels</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Saving_and_Reusing_Channel_Assignments">10.5.2.
Saving and Reusing Channel
Assignments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Reverb_and_Chorus">10.6. Using
Reverb and Chorus with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Multiple_Instances">10.7. Multiple
<span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span>
Instances with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider">11. <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Requirements_and_Installation">11.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Knowledge">11.1.1. Knowledge
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">11.1.2.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicia
ns_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Hardware_Requirements">11.1.3. Hardware
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-SC-Req_and_Inst-Available_Packages">11.1.4.
Available <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Recommended_Installation">11.1.5.
Recommended
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit">11.2. Using <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> to Write
and Run <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Enable_and_Configure_SCEd">11.2.1.
Enable and Configure SCEd in <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Star
t_a_Server">11.2.2. Enable <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Mode and Start a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Executing_Code">11.2.3. Executing
Code in <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Other_Tips">11.2.4. Other Tips for
Using <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> with
<span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming">11.3. Basic
Programming in <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-First_Steps">11.3.1. First
Steps</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Var
iables_and_Functions">11.3.2. Variables and
Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Object_Oriented">11.3.3.
Object-Oriented <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Sound_Making_Functions">11.3.4.
Sound-Making Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Multichannel_Audio">11.3.5.
Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Collections">11.3.6.
Collections</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Repeating">11.3.7. Repeated
Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Conditional_Execution">11.3.8.
Conditional Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a hr
ef="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Combining_and_Mix">11.3.9.
Combining Audio; the Mix Class</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-SynthDef_and_Synth">11.3.10.
SynthDef and Synth</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Busses">11.3.11.
Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Ordering_and_Other_Features">11.3.12.
Ordering and Other Synth Features</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Scheduling">11.3.13.
Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Getting_Help">11.3.14. How
to Get Help</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Legal_Attribution">11.3.15.
Legal
Attribution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect
-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Composing">11.4. Composing with
SuperCollider</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Tutorial_Files">11.4.1. Files for
the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Inspiration">11.4.2.
Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_First_Part">11.4.3.
Designing the First Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_Second_Part">11.4.4.
Designing the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Creating_Ten_Pseudo-Random-Tones">11.4.5.
Creating Ten Pseudo-Random Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Scheduling_the_Tones">11.4.6.
Scheduling the Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Gu
ide-SC-Composing-Optimizing_the_Code">11.4.7. Optimizing the
Code</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Making_a_Useful_Function_Out_of_the_Second_Part">11.4.8.
Making a Useful Section out of the Second
Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Joining_the_Two_Parts">11.4.9.
Joining the Two
Parts</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting">11.5. Exporting Sound
Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Non_Real_Time_Synthesis">11.5.1. Non-Real-Time
Synthesis</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Recording_SuperColliders_Output">11.5.2.
Recording SuperCollider's Output
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond">12.
<span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></sp
an></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-How_LilyPond_Works">12.1. How <span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Works</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-The_LilyPond_Approach">12.2. The
<span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Approach</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Installation">12.3. Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax">12.4. <span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Letters_Are_Pitches">12.4.1.
Letters Are Pitches</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Numbers_Are_Durations">12.4.2.
Numbers Are Durations</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section">
<a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Articulations">12.4.3.
Articulations</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Simultaneity">12.4.4.
Simultaneity</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Chords">12.4.5.
Chords</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Commands">12.4.6.
Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Source_Files">12.4.7. Source
Files and Their Formatting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Avoiding_Errors">12.4.8. Avoiding
Errors</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint">12.5. Working on a
Counterpoint Exercise
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Tutorial_Files">12.5.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Starting_the_Score">12.5.2.
Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.5.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Inputting">12.5.4.
Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Formatting_the_Score">12.5.5.
Formatting the
Score</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra">12.6. Working on an
Orchestral Score
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Tutorial_Files">12.6.1. Files
for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Starti
ng_the_Score">12.6.2. Starting the
Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.6.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Inputting">12.6.4.
Inputting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano">12.7. Working on a Piano Score
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Tutorial_Files">12.7.1. Files for
the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Starting_the_Score">12.7.2.
Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.7.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Inputti
ng">12.7.4. Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Troubleshooting_Errors">12.7.5.
Troubleshooting Errors</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Formatting">12.7.6. Formatting the
Score (Piano
Dynamics)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi">13.
Frescobaldi</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Makes_LilyPond_Easier">13.1.
Frescobaldi Makes LilyPond Easier</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Installation">13.2. Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Configuration">13.3.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Using">13.4. Using
Frescobaldi</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span c
lass="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege">14.
GNU Solfege</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Requirements_and_Installation">14.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hardware_and_Software_Requirements">14.1.1.
Hardware and Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Other_Requirements">14.1.2. Other
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install">14.1.3. Required
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_Csound">14.1.4. Optional
Installation: Csound</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_MMA">14.1.5. Optional
Installation:
MMA</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Config
uration">14.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-First_Time">14.2.1. When
You Run Solfege for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Instruments">14.2.2.
Instruments</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-External_Programs">14.2.3.
External Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Interface">14.2.4.
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Practise">14.2.5.
Practise</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Sound_Setup">14.2.6. Sound
Setup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training">14.3. Training
Yourself</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span clas
s="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Aural_Skilla_and_Musical_Sensibility">14.3.1.
Aural Skills and Musical Sensibility</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Exercise_Types">14.3.2. Exercise
Types</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Making_an_Aural_Skills_Program">14.3.3.
Making an Aural Skills Program</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References">14.3.4.
Supplementary
References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises">14.4. Using the
Exercises</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Listening_Exercises">14.4.1.
Listening</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Singing_Exercises">14.4.2.
Singing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section
"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Configure_Yourself_Exericses">14.4.3. Configure
Yourself</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Rhythm_Exercises">14.4.4.
Rhythm</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Dictation_Exercises">14.4.5.
Dictation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Harmonic_Progressions">14.4.6. Harmonic
Progressions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Intonation">14.4.7.
Intonation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="appendix"><a
href="#appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History">A. Revision
History</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="index"><a
href="#id1626418">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div><div
xml:lang="en-US" class="preface" title="Preface"
id="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface" lang="en-US"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h1
class="title">Preface</h1></div></div></div><div
xml
:lang="en-US" class="section" title="1. Document
Conventions" lang="en-US"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title"
id="id530717">1. Document
Conventions</h2></div></div></div><div
class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><hr /></div><div
class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a
href="#pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface">Preface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#id481605">1. Document
Conventions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#id642313">1.1. Typographic
Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#id489291">1.2. Pull-quote
Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#id830747">1.3. Notes and
Warnings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#id568128">2. We Need
Feedback!</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="part"><a href="#id512921">I. Linux Audio
Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards">1. Sound Cards and Digital
Audio</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Sound_Cards_Are">1.1. Types of Sound
Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a hre
f="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audio_Interfaces">1.1.1. Audio
Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-MIDI_Interfaces">1.1.2. MIDI
Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections">1.2. Sound Card
Connections</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Motherboard_Integrated">1.2.1. Integrated into
the Motherboard</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-PCI_Sound_Cards">1.2.2. Internal PCI
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FireWire_Sound_Cards">1.2.3. External FireWire
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-USB_Sound_Cards">1.2.4. External USB
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Choose_Sound_Card_Connection">1.2.5. Choosing a
Connection Type</a></span></dt></dl></dd><d
t><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format">1.3. Sample,
Sample Rate, Sample Format, and Bit
Rate</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample">1.3.1.
Sample</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Format">1.3.2. Sample
Format</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate">1.3.3. Sample
Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_Rate">1.3.4. Bit
Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_and_Sample_Rate_Conclusions">1.3.5.
Conclusions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary">1.4. Other Digital Audio
Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-MIDI_Sequencer">1.4.1. MIDI
Sequencer</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-
Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Bus">1.4.2. Busses, Master Bus, and Sub-Master
Bus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Level">1.4.3. Level
(Volume/Loudness)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Panning_and_Balance">1.4.4. Panning
and Balance</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Time">1.4.5. Time, Timeline, and
Time-Shifting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Synchronization">1.4.6.
Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Routing_and_Multiplexing">1.4.7.
Routing and Multiplexing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Multichannel_Audio">1.4.8. Multichannel
Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware">2. Software for
Sound
Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-ALSA">2.1. How Linux Deals with
Audio Hardware</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section">2.2. Sound
Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-PulseAudio">2.2.1.
PulseAudio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-JACK">2.2.2. <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection
Kit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon">2.2.3.
Phonon</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK">2.3. Using the <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection
Kit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and
Configuring <code class="systemitem">JACK
</code></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl">2.3.2. Using <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK">2.3.3.
Integrating <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> with <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency">3. Real-Time and Low
Latency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1. Why Low Latency Is
Desirable</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Processor_Scheduling">3.2. Processor
Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_Linux_Kernel">3.3. The Real-Time Linux
Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hard_and_Soft_Re
al_Time">3.4. Hard and Soft
Real-Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Getting_Real_Time_Kernel_in_Fedora">3.5. Getting
a Real-Time Kernel in Fedora
Linux</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CCRMA_at_Home">4. Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Is_Planet_CCRMA">4.1. About Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA">4.2.
Deciding Whether to Use Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Need_Exclusive_Software">4.2.1. Exclusive
Software</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Security_and_Stability">4.2.2. Security and
Stability</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Best_Practices">4.2.3. A Po
ssible "Best Practices"
Solution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software">4.3. Using Software
from Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository">4.3.1. Installing
the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Repository_Priorities">4.3.2. Set
Repository Priorities</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Preventing_Package_Updates">4.3.3. Prevent
a Package from Being
Updated</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="part"><a href="#id466152">II. Audio and Music
Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity">5.
Audacity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Knowing_When_to_Use">5.1. Kowing When to
U
se Audacity</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation">5.2.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Software_Requirements">5.2.1. Software
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Hardware_Requirements">5.2.2. Hardware
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation">5.2.3. Standard
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation_with_RPM_Fusion">5.2.4.
Installation with MP3 Support</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Playback">5.2.5.
Post-Installation Test: Playback</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Recording">5.2.6.
Post-Installation Test: Recording</a><
/span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration">5.3.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-First_Use">5.3.1. When You Run Audacity
for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Configure_to_Use_Your_Hardware">5.3.2.
Configuring Audacity for Your Sound
Card</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Setting_Sample_Rate_and_Format">5.3.3.
Setting the Project's Sample Rate and
Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Interface">5.4. The
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording">5.5.
Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Start_to_Record">5.5.1. Start
to Record</a></span></dt><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Continuing_to_Record">5.5.2.
Continue to
Record</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial">5.6. Creating a New Login
Sound (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Files">5.6.1. Files for the
Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Scenario">5.6.2.
Scenario</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Aligning_Tracks">5.6.3. Align
Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Stretching_Tracks">5.6.4.
Stretching Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Adjust_Volume_Level">5.6.5.
Adjust the Volume Level</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacit
y-Tutorial-Remove_Noise">5.6.6. Remove
Noise</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Fade_Out">5.6.7. Fade In or
Out</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Removing_Audio">5.6.8. Remove
Some Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Repeating_a_Segment">5.6.9.
Repeat an Already-Recorded Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Using_the_Phaser">5.6.10. Add a
Special Effect (the Phaser)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Conclusion">5.6.11.
Conclusion</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export">5.7. Save and
Export</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_Part_of_a_File">5.7.1. Export
Part of a
File</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_a_Whole_File">5.7.2. Export a
Whole
File</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations">6. Digital Audio
Workstations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Which_DAW_to_Use">6.1. Knowing Which DAW
to Use</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recording">6.2. Stages of
Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Recording">6.2.1.
Recording</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Mixing">6.2.2.
Mixing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Mastering">6.2.3.
Mastering</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Record_Mix_Master_More_Info">6.2.4. More
Information</a></span></dt></dl>
</dd><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Vocabulary">6.3. Interface
Vocabulary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session">6.3.1.
Session</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_and_Multitrack">6.3.2. Track and
Multitrack</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Region_Clip_Segment">6.3.3. Region, Clip, or
Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session_Track_Region">6.3.4. Relationship of
Session, Track, and Region</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Transport_and_Playhead">6.3.5. Transport and
Playhead</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Automation">6.3.6.
Automation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface">6.4. User
Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><sp
an class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Messages_Pane">6.4.1. "Messages"
Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Clock">6.4.2.
Clock</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Info_Pane">6.4.3. "Track Info"
Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Pane">6.4.4. "Track"
Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Transport_Controls">6.4.5. Transport
Controls</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour">7.
Ardour</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Requirements_and_Installation">7.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Knowledge_Requirements">7.1.1. Knowledge
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Music
ians_Guide-Ardour-Software_Requirements">7.1.2. Software
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Hardware_Requirements">7.1.3. Hardware
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Installation">7.1.4.
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session">7.2. Recording a
Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Running_Ardour">7.2.1. Running
<span
class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Interface">7.2.2. The
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_the_Timeline">7.2.3.
Setting up the Timeline</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-
Connecting_Audio_Sources">7.2.4. Connecting Audio Sources to <span
class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_Busses_and_Tracks">7.2.5.
Setting up the Busses and Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Adjusting_Recording_Level">7.2.6.
Adjusting Recording Level (Volume)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_a_Region">7.2.7.
Recording a Region</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_More">7.2.8. Recording
More</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Routing_Audio">7.2.9. Routing
Audio and Managing <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>
Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Importing_Existi
ng_Audio">7.2.10. Importing Existing
Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Tutorial_Files">7.3. Files for the
Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing">7.4. Editing a Song
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.1. Add
Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Connect_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.2.
Connect the Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Edit_Groups">7.4.3. Creating Edit
Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Regions_to_Tracks">7.4.4. Add
Regions to Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Cut_Regions_Down_to_Size">7.4.5.
Cut the R
egions Down to Size</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Compare_Multiple_Recordings">7.4.6.
Compare Multiple Recordings of the Same
Thing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Arrange">7.4.7. Arrange Regions
into the Right Places</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Listen">7.4.8.
Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing">7.5. Mixing a Song
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Enabling_Stereo_Output">7.5.1.
Setting the Session for Stereo Output and Disabling Edit
Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Levels">7.5.2. Set
Initial Levels</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Pann
ing">7.5.3. Set Initial
Panning</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Automation_Tracks">7.5.4. Make
Further Adjustments with an Automation
Track</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Other_Things">7.5.5. Other Things
You Might Want to Do</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Listen">7.5.6.
Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering">7.6. Mastering a
Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Ways_to_Export">7.6.1. Ways to
Export Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Using_Export_Window">7.6.2.
Using the Export
Window</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor">8.
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><d
t><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Requirements_and_Installation">8.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Knowledge_Requirements">8.1.1. Knowledge
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Software_Requirements">8.1.2. Software
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Hardware_Requirements">8.1.3. Hardware
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Other_Requirements">8.1.4. Other
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Installation">8.1.5.
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration">8.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtr
actor-Configuration-Audio_Tab">8.2.1. Audio
Options</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Tab">8.2.2. MIDI
Options</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Channel_Names">8.2.3.
Configuring MIDI Channel
Names</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using">8.3. Using
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Blue_Place_Markers">8.3.1. Using
the Blue Place-Markers</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-MIDI_Tools">8.3.2. Using the MIDI
Matrix Editor's Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-JACK">8.3.3. Using JACK with
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Exporting_Audio_and_MIDI_Together">
8.3.4. Exporting a Whole File (Audio and MIDI
Together)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Tips">8.3.5. Miscellaneous
Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial">8.4. Creating a MIDI
Composition
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Inspiration">8.4.1.
Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Requirements">8.4.2. Files for
the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Getting_Qtractor_Ready">8.4.3.
Getting Qtractor Ready</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Import_the_Audio_File">8.4.4.
Import the Audio File</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Marking_the_First_Formal_Area
">8.4.5. Marking the First Formal
Area</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Creating_our_Theme">8.4.6.
Creating our Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Repeat_the_Theme">8.4.7. Repeat
the Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Compose_the_Next_Part">8.4.8.
Compose the Next Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_52_to_75">8.4.9.
Qtractor's Measures 52 to 75</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_75_to_97">8.4.10.
Qtractor's Measures 75 to 97</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measure_97">8.4.11.
Qtractor's Measure 97</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_98_to_119">8.4.12.
Qtractor's Measures 98 to 119</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_119_to_139">8.4.13.
Qtractor's Measures 119 to 139</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_139_to_158">8.4.14.
Qtractor's Measures 139 to 158</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_158_to_176">8.4.15.
Qtractor's Measures 158 to 176</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_177_to_the_End">8.4.16.
Qtractor's Measures 177 to the
End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden">9.
Rosegarden</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Requirements_and_Installation">9.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_G
uide-Rosegarden-Knowledge_Requirements">9.1.1. Knowledge
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Software_Requirements">9.1.2. Software
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Hardware_Requirements">9.1.3. Hardware
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Other_Requirements">9.1.4. Other
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Installation">9.1.5.
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration">9.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-JACK_and_Qsynth">9.2.1.
Setup <span
class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span> and
<span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-Rosegarden">9.2.2. Setup
<span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden_and_LilyPond">9.3. <span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> and
LilyPond</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial">9.4. Write a Song in
<span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span>
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Bass_Line">9.4.1. Start the
Score with a Bass Line</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Percussion_Track">9.4.2. Add
a Percussion Track</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Spice_up_the_Percussion">9.4.3.
Spice up the Percussion</a></span></dt><dt><
span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Melody">9.4.4. Add a
Melody</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Ways_to_Continue">9.4.5.
Possible Ways to
Continue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth">10.
FluidSynth</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-SoundFont_Technology_and_MIDI">10.1.
SoundFont Technology and
MIDI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-How_to_Get_a_SoundFont">10.1.1. How to
Get a SoundFont</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Terms">10.1.2. MIDI Instruments,
Banks, Programs, and Patches</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Channels">10.1.3. MIDI
Channels</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_Installation">10.2.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">10.2.1.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation">10.2.2.
Thare Are Two Ways to Install <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_with_Qsynth">10.2.3.
Installation with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_without_Qsynth">10.2.4.
Installation without <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst">10.
2.5. Installation of SoundFont
Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-In_a_Terminal">10.3. Using <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> in a
Terminal</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring">10.4. Configuring
<span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Starting_FluidSynth">10.4.1.
Starting <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-SoundFont">10.4.2.
SoundFont Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-JACK_Output">10.4.3.
<span class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span>
Output Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sec
t-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-MIDI_Input">10.4.4. MIDI Input
Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Viewing_all_Settings">10.4.5.
Viewing all <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span>
Settings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels">10.5.
Assigning Programs to Channels with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Changing_Number_of_Input_Channels">10.5.1.
Changing the Number of MIDI Input
Channels</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Saving_and_Reusing_Channel_Assignments">10.5.2.
Saving and Reusing Channel
Assignments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Reverb_and_Chorus">10.6. Using R
everb and Chorus with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Multiple_Instances">10.7. Multiple
<span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span>
Instances with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider">11. <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Requirements_and_Installation">11.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Knowledge">11.1.1. Knowledge
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">11.1.2.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians
_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Hardware_Requirements">11.1.3. Hardware
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-SC-Req_and_Inst-Available_Packages">11.1.4.
Available <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Recommended_Installation">11.1.5.
Recommended
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit">11.2. Using <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> to Write
and Run <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Enable_and_Configure_SCEd">11.2.1.
Enable and Configure SCEd in <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Start_
a_Server">11.2.2. Enable <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Mode and Start a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Executing_Code">11.2.3. Executing
Code in <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Other_Tips">11.2.4. Other Tips for
Using <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> with
<span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming">11.3. Basic
Programming in <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-First_Steps">11.3.1. First
Steps</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Varia
bles_and_Functions">11.3.2. Variables and
Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Object_Oriented">11.3.3.
Object-Oriented <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Sound_Making_Functions">11.3.4.
Sound-Making Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Multichannel_Audio">11.3.5.
Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Collections">11.3.6.
Collections</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Repeating">11.3.7. Repeated
Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Conditional_Execution">11.3.8.
Conditional Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href
="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Combining_and_Mix">11.3.9.
Combining Audio; the Mix Class</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-SynthDef_and_Synth">11.3.10.
SynthDef and Synth</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Busses">11.3.11.
Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Ordering_and_Other_Features">11.3.12.
Ordering and Other Synth Features</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Scheduling">11.3.13.
Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Getting_Help">11.3.14. How
to Get Help</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Legal_Attribution">11.3.15.
Legal
Attribution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-M
usicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Composing">11.4. Composing with
SuperCollider</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Tutorial_Files">11.4.1. Files for
the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Inspiration">11.4.2.
Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_First_Part">11.4.3.
Designing the First Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_Second_Part">11.4.4.
Designing the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Creating_Ten_Pseudo-Random-Tones">11.4.5.
Creating Ten Pseudo-Random Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Scheduling_the_Tones">11.4.6.
Scheduling the Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guid
e-SC-Composing-Optimizing_the_Code">11.4.7. Optimizing the
Code</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Making_a_Useful_Function_Out_of_the_Second_Part">11.4.8.
Making a Useful Section out of the Second
Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Joining_the_Two_Parts">11.4.9.
Joining the Two
Parts</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting">11.5. Exporting Sound
Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Non_Real_Time_Synthesis">11.5.1. Non-Real-Time
Synthesis</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Recording_SuperColliders_Output">11.5.2.
Recording SuperCollider's Output
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond">12.
<span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-How_LilyPond_Works">12.1. How <span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Works</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-The_LilyPond_Approach">12.2. The
<span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Approach</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Installation">12.3. Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax">12.4. <span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Letters_Are_Pitches">12.4.1.
Letters Are Pitches</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Numbers_Are_Durations">12.4.2.
Numbers Are Durations</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Articulations">12.4.3.
Articulations</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Simultaneity">12.4.4.
Simultaneity</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Chords">12.4.5.
Chords</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Commands">12.4.6.
Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Source_Files">12.4.7. Source
Files and Their Formatting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Avoiding_Errors">12.4.8. Avoiding
Errors</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint">12.5. Working on a
Counterpoint Exercise
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Tutorial_Files">12.5.1. Fi
les for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Starting_the_Score">12.5.2.
Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.5.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Inputting">12.5.4.
Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Formatting_the_Score">12.5.5.
Formatting the
Score</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra">12.6. Working on an
Orchestral Score
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Tutorial_Files">12.6.1. Files
for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Starting
_the_Score">12.6.2. Starting the
Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.6.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Inputting">12.6.4.
Inputting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano">12.7. Working on a Piano Score
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Tutorial_Files">12.7.1. Files for
the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Starting_the_Score">12.7.2.
Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.7.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Inputting
">12.7.4. Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Troubleshooting_Errors">12.7.5.
Troubleshooting Errors</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Formatting">12.7.6. Formatting the
Score (Piano
Dynamics)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi">13.
Frescobaldi</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Makes_LilyPond_Easier">13.1.
Frescobaldi Makes LilyPond Easier</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Installation">13.2. Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Configuration">13.3.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Using">13.4. Using
Frescobaldi</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span cla
ss="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege">14. GNU
Solfege</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Requirements_and_Installation">14.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hardware_and_Software_Requirements">14.1.1.
Hardware and Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Other_Requirements">14.1.2. Other
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install">14.1.3. Required
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_Csound">14.1.4. Optional
Installation: Csound</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_MMA">14.1.5. Optional
Installation:
MMA</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configur
ation">14.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-First_Time">14.2.1. When
You Run Solfege for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Instruments">14.2.2.
Instruments</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-External_Programs">14.2.3.
External Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Interface">14.2.4.
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Practise">14.2.5.
Practise</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Sound_Setup">14.2.6. Sound
Setup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training">14.3. Training
Yourself</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class=
"section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Aural_Skilla_and_Musical_Sensibility">14.3.1.
Aural Skills and Musical Sensibility</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Exercise_Types">14.3.2. Exercise
Types</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Making_an_Aural_Skills_Program">14.3.3.
Making an Aural Skills Program</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References">14.3.4.
Supplementary
References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises">14.4. Using the
Exercises</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Listening_Exercises">14.4.1.
Listening</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Singing_Exercises">14.4.2.
Singing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section">
<a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Configure_Yourself_Exericses">14.4.3.
Configure Yourself</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Rhythm_Exercises">14.4.4.
Rhythm</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Dictation_Exercises">14.4.5.
Dictation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Harmonic_Progressions">14.4.6. Harmonic
Progressions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Intonation">14.4.7.
Intonation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="appendix"><a
href="#appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History">A. Revision
History</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="index"><a
href="#id542697">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div><div
xml:lang="en-US" class="preface" title="Preface"
id="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface" lang="en-US"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h1
class="title">Preface</h1></div></div></div><div
xml:la
ng="en-US" class="section" title="1. Document Conventions"
lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title"
id="id481605">1. Document
Conventions</h2></div></div></div><div
class="para">
This manual uses several conventions to highlight certain words and phrases and draw
attention to specific pieces of information.
</div><div class="para">
In PDF and paper editions, this manual uses typefaces drawn from the <a
href="https://fedorahosted.org/liberation-fonts/">Liberation Fonts</a>
set. The Liberation Fonts set is also used in HTML editions if the set is installed on
your system. If not, alternative but equivalent typefaces are displayed. Note: Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 5 and later includes the Liberation Fonts set by default.
- </div><div class="section" title="1.1. Typographic
Conventions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="id1684313">1.1. Typographic
Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div
class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" title="1.1. Typographic
Conventions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="id642313">1.1. Typographic
Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div
class="para">
Four typographic conventions are used to call attention to specific words and phrases.
These conventions, and the circumstances they apply to, are as follows.
</div><div class="para">
<code class="literal">Mono-spaced Bold</code>
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
Aside from standard usage for presenting the title of a work, italics denotes the
first use of a new and important term. For example:
</div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote
class="blockquote"><div class="para">
Publican is a <em class="firstterm">DocBook</em> publishing
system.
- </div></blockquote></div></div><div
class="section" title="1.2. Pull-quote Conventions"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="id441573">1.2. Pull-quote
Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div
class="para">
+ </div></blockquote></div></div><div
class="section" title="1.2. Pull-quote Conventions"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="id489291">1.2. Pull-quote
Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div
class="para">
Terminal output and source code listings are set off visually from the surrounding
text.
</div><div class="para">
Output sent to a terminal is set in <code
class="computeroutput">mono-spaced roman</code> and presented thus:
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts
svgs</pre><div cla
System.<span class="perl_Function">out</span>.<span
class="perl_Function">println</span>(<span
class="perl_String">"Echo.echo('Hello') = "</span> +
echo.<span class="perl_Function">echo</span>(<span
class="perl_String">"Hello"</span>));
}
-}</pre></div><div class="section" title="1.3. Notes and
Warnings"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="id594783">1.3. Notes and
Warnings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+}</pre></div><div class="section" title="1.3. Notes and
Warnings"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="id830747">1.3. Notes and
Warnings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Finally, we use three visual styles to draw attention to information that might
otherwise be overlooked.
</div><div class="note"><h2>Note</h2><div
class="para">
Notes are tips, shortcuts or alternative approaches to the task at hand. Ignoring a
note should have no negative consequences, but you might miss out on a trick that makes
your life easier.
@@ -108,13 +108,13 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts
svgs</pre><div cla
Important boxes detail things that are easily missed: configuration changes that only
apply to the current session, or services that need restarting before an update will
apply. Ignoring a box labeled 'Important' won't cause data loss but may cause
irritation and frustration.
</div></div><div
class="warning"><h2>Warning</h2><div
class="para">
Warnings should not be ignored. Ignoring warnings will most likely cause data loss.
- </div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US"
class="section" title="2. We Need Feedback!"
lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title"
id="id494318">2. We Need
Feedback!</h2></div></div></div><a id="id494330"
class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US"
class="section" title="2. We Need Feedback!"
lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title"
id="id568128">2. We Need
Feedback!</h2></div></div></div><a id="id568140"
class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you find a typographical error in this manual, or if you have thought of a way to
make this manual better, we would love to hear from you! Please submit a report in
Bugzilla: <a
href="http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/">http://bugzilla....
against the product <span class="application"><strong>Fedora
Documentation.</strong></span>
</div><div class="para">
When submitting a bug report, be sure to mention the manual's identifier: <em
class="citetitle">musicians-guide</em>
</div><div class="para">
If you have a suggestion for improving the documentation, try to be as specific as
possible when describing it. If you have found an error, please include the section number
and some of the surrounding text so we can find it easily.
- </div></div></div><div class="part"
title="Part I. Linux Audio Basics" id="id1626509"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1
class="title">Part I. Linux Audio
Basics</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro"
title="Linux Audio Basics"
id="id479467"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="part"
title="Part I. Linux Audio Basics" id="id512921"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1
class="title">Part I. Linux Audio
Basics</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro"
title="Linux Audio Basics"
id="id512927"><div></div><div class="para">
asdf
</div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of
Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards">1. Sound Cards and Digital
Audio</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Sound_Cards_Are">1.1. Types of Sound
Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audio_Interfaces">1.1.1. Audio
Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-MIDI_Interfaces">1.1.2. MIDI
Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections">1.2. Sound Card
Connections</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Motherboard_Integrated">1.2.1. Integrated into
the Motherboard</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-PCI_Sound_Cards">1.2.2. Internal PCI
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_
Guide-FireWire_Sound_Cards">1.2.3. External FireWire
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-USB_Sound_Cards">1.2.4. External USB
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Choose_Sound_Card_Connection">1.2.5. Choosing a
Connection Type</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format">1.3. Sample,
Sample Rate, Sample Format, and Bit
Rate</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample">1.3.1.
Sample</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Format">1.3.2. Sample
Format</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate">1.3.3. Sample
Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_Rate">1.3.4. Bit
Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_and_Sample_Rat
e_Conclusions">1.3.5.
Conclusions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary">1.4. Other Digital Audio
Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-MIDI_Sequencer">1.4.1. MIDI
Sequencer</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Bus">1.4.2. Busses, Master Bus, and
Sub-Master Bus</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Level">1.4.3. Level
(Volume/Loudness)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Panning_and_Balance">1.4.4. Panning
and Balance</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Time">1.4.5. Time, Timeline, and
Time-Shifting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Synchronization">1.4.6.
Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Mus
icians_Guide-Vocabulary-Routing_and_Multiplexing">1.4.7. Routing and
Multiplexing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Multichannel_Audio">1.4.8. Multichannel
Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware">2. Software for
Sound Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-ALSA">2.1. How Linux Deals with
Audio Hardware</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section">2.2. Sound
Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-PulseAudio">2.2.1.
PulseAudio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-JACK">2.2.2. <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection
Kit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon">2.2.3
. Phonon</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK">2.3. Using the <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection
Kit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and
Configuring <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl">2.3.2. Using <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK">2.3.3.
Integrating <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> with <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency">3. Real-Time and Low
Latency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1. Why Low Latency Is
Desirable</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Processor_Scheduling">3.2. Processor
Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_Linux_Kernel">3.3. The Real-Time Linux
Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hard_and_Soft_Real_Time">3.4. Hard and Soft
Real-Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Getting_Real_Time_Kernel_in_Fedora">3.5. Getting
a Real-Time Kernel in Fedora
Linux</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CCRMA_at_Home">4. Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Is_Planet_CCRMA">4.1. About Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA">4.2.
Deciding Whether to Use Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt>
<span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Need_Exclusive_Software">4.2.1. Exclusive
Software</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Security_and_Stability">4.2.2. Security and
Stability</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Best_Practices">4.2.3. A Possible
"Best Practices"
Solution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software">4.3. Using Software
from Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository">4.3.1. Installing
the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Repository_Priorities">4.3.2. Set
Repository Priorities</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Preventing_Package_Updates">4.3.3. Prevent
a Package from Being Updated</a>
</span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div
xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" title="Chapter 1. Sound Cards
and Digital Audio" id="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards"
lang="en-US"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h2
class="title">Chapter 1. Sound Cards and Digital
Audio</h2></div></div></div><div
class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Sound_Cards_Are">1.1. Types of Sound
Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audio_Interfaces">1.1.1. Audio
Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-MIDI_Interfaces">1.1.2. MIDI
Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections">1.2. Sound Card
Connections</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Motherboard_Integrated">1.2.1. Integrated into
the Motherboard</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a hre
f="#sect-Musicians_Guide-PCI_Sound_Cards">1.2.2. Internal PCI
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FireWire_Sound_Cards">1.2.3. External FireWire
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-USB_Sound_Cards">1.2.4. External USB
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Choose_Sound_Card_Connection">1.2.5. Choosing a
Connection Type</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format">1.3. Sample,
Sample Rate, Sample Format, and Bit
Rate</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample">1.3.1.
Sample</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Format">1.3.2. Sample
Format</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate">1.3.3. Sample
Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href=
"#sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_Rate">1.3.4. Bit
Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_and_Sample_Rate_Conclusions">1.3.5.
Conclusions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary">1.4. Other Digital Audio
Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-MIDI_Sequencer">1.4.1. MIDI
Sequencer</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Bus">1.4.2. Busses, Master Bus, and
Sub-Master Bus</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Level">1.4.3. Level
(Volume/Loudness)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Panning_and_Balance">1.4.4. Panning
and Balance</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Time">1.4.5. Time, Timeline, and
Time-Shifting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Synchronization">1.4.6.
Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Routing_and_Multiplexing">1.4.7.
Routing and Multiplexing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Multichannel_Audio">1.4.8. Multichannel
Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div
class="para">
This chapter introduces the technical vocabulary used for computer audio hardware.
@@ -272,52 +272,30 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts
svgs</pre><div cla
The <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> sound server offers
fewer features than other sound servers, but they are tailor-made to allow the
functionality required by audio creation applications. <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> also makes it easier for users to
configure the options that are most important for such situations. The server supports
only one sample rate and format at a time, and allows applications and hardware to easily
connect and multiplex in ways that other sound servers do not (see <a
class="xref"
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Routing_and_Multiplexing"
title="1.4.7. Routing and Multiplexing">Section 1.4.7, “Routing and
Multiplexing”</a> for information about routing and multiplexing). It is also
optimized to run with consistently low latencies. Although using <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> requires a better understanding of the
underlying hardware, the <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>
application provi
des a graphical user interface to ease the process.
</div></div><div class="section"
title="2.2.3. Phonon"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon">2.2.3. Phonon</h3></div></div></div><div
class="para">
Phonon is a sound server built into the KDE Software Compilation, and is one of the
core components of KDE. By default on Fedora Linux, Phonon feeds output to <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code>, but on other platforms (like Mac
OS X, Windows, other versions of Linux, FreeBSD, and any other system that supports KDE),
Phonon can be configured to feed its output anywhere. This is its greatest strength - that
KDE applications like Amarok and Dragon Player need only be programmed to use Phonon, and
they can rely on Phonon to take care of everything else. As KDE applications increasingly
find their place in Windows and especially Mac OS X, this cross-platform capability is
turning out to be very useful.
- </div></div></div><div class="section"
title="2.3. Using the JACK Audio Connection Kit"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK">2.3. Using the <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection
Kit</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"
title="2.3.1. Installing and Configuring JACK"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and
Configuring <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code></h3></div></div></div><div
class="para">
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li
class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Ensure that you have installed the Planet CCRMA at Home repositories. For
instructions, refer to <a class="xref"
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository"
title="4.3.1. Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home
Repositories">Section 4.3.1, “Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home
Repositories”</a>.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Use <span
class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> or
<span
class="application"><strong>KPackageKit</strong></span> to
install the <span class="package">jack-audio-connection-kit</span>
and <span class="package">qjackctl</span> packages.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Review and approve the installation, making sure that it completes correctly.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Run <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> from
the KMenu or the Applications menu.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- To start the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server,
press the 'Start' button; to stop it, press the 'Stop' button.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Use the 'Messages' button to see messages, which are usually errors or
warnings.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Use the 'Status' button to see various statistics about the
currently-running server.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Use the 'Connections' button to see and adjust the connections between
applications and audio hardware.
- </div></li></ol></div>
-
- </div><div class="para">
- <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> will operate without
following this procedure, but users are strongly encouraged to follow these three steps,
for security reasons. They will help to allow optimal performance of the <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> sound server, while greatly reducing the
risk that an application or user will accidentally or malicious take advantage of the
capability.
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li
class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Add all of the users who will use <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> to the <code
class="literal">audio</code> group. For instructions to add users to
groups, see Chapter 22, <em class="citetitle">Users and Groups</em>
of the <em class="citetitle">Fedora Deployment Guide</em>, available
at <a
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org">http://docs.fedoraproject.org</a>.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- The default installation automatically enables real-time priority to be requested
by any user or process. This is undesirable, so we will edit it.
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li
class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Open a terminal, and run the following command: <code
class="command">sudo -c 'gedit
/etc/security/limits.conf'</code>
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Be careful! You're editing this important system file as the root user!
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Edit the last lines, so that they read:
-<pre class="programlisting">
-@audio - rtprio 99
-@audio - memlock 4194304
-@audio - nice -10
-</pre>
-
- </div></li></ol></div>
- </div></li></ol></div>
-
- </div><div class="para">
- With the default configuration of <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>, it
chooses the "default" sound card, which actually goes through the ALSA sound
server. We can avoid this, and use the ALSA drivers without the sound server, which will
help <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> to maintain accurately low
latencies. The following procedure configures <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> to connect to the ALSA driver directly.
+ </div></div></div><div class="section"
title="2.3. Using the JACK Audio Connection Kit"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK">2.3. Using the <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection
Kit</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"
title="2.3.1. Installing and Configuring JACK"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and
Configuring <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code></h3></div></div></div><div
class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"
title="Step 1"><div class="para">
+ Ensure that you have installed the Planet CCRMA at Home repositories. For
instructions, refer to <a class="xref"
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository"
title="4.3.1. Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home
Repositories">Section 4.3.1, “Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home
Repositories”</a>.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
2"><div class="para">
+ Use <span
class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> or
<span
class="application"><strong>KPackageKit</strong></span> to
install the <span class="package">jack-audio-connection-kit</span>
and <span class="package">qjackctl</span> packages.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
3"><div class="para">
+ Review and approve the installation, making sure that it completes correctly.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
4"><div class="para">
+ Run <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> from
the KMenu or the Applications menu.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
5"><div class="para">
+ To start the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server,
click <span
class="guibutton"><strong>Start</strong></span>. To stop
the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server, click <span
class="guibutton"><strong>Stop</strong></span>.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
6"><div class="para">
+ Click <span
class="guibutton"><strong>Messages</strong></span> to see
messages, which are usually errors or warnings.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
7"><div class="para">
+ Click <span
class="guibutton"><strong>Status</strong></span> to see
various statistics about the currently-running server.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
8"><div class="para">
+ Click <span
class="guibutton"><strong>Connections</strong></span>
button to see and adjust the connections between applications and audio hardware.
+ </div></li></ol></div><div
class="important"><h2>Important</h2><div
class="para">
+ <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> operates with special
real-time privileges. You must add all users to the <code
class="systemitem">jackuser</code> and <code
class="systemitem">pulse-rt</code> groups so they can use <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code>. For instructions to add users to
groups, see Chapter 22, <em class="citetitle">Users and Groups</em>
of the <em class="citetitle">Fedora Deployment Guide</em>, available
at <a
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org">http://docs.fedoraproject.org</a>.
Do not add users to these groups if they will not use <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code>.
+ </div></div><div class="para">
+ With the default configuration of <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>, it
chooses the "default" sound card, which actually goes through the <code
class="systemitem">ALSA</code> sound server. We can avoid this, and use
the <code class="systemitem">ALSA</code> drivers without the sound
server, which will help <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> to
maintain accurately low latencies. The following procedure configures <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> to connect to the <code
class="systemitem">ALSA</code> driver directly.
</div><div class="procedure"><ol
class="1"><li class="step" title="Step 1"><div
class="para">
- Open a terminal. In GNOME, click on 'Applications > System >
Terminal'. In KDE, click on the application launcher, then 'System >
Konsole'.
+ Open a terminal. In GNOME, choose <span
class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> →
<span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System</strong></span>
→ <span
class="guimenuitem"><strong>Terminal</strong></span>. In
KDE, click on the application launcher, then choose <span
class="guimenu"><strong>System</strong></span> → <span
class="guimenuitem"><strong>Konsole</strong></span>.
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step
2"><div class="para">
- Execute this command: "cat /proc/asound/cards".
+ Execute this command: <code class="command">cat
/proc/asound/cards</code>
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step
3"><div class="para">
The <span
class="application"><strong>cat</strong></span> program
outputs a list of sound cards in your computer, which looks similar to this list:
<pre class="programlisting">
@@ -332,7 +310,7 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts
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</div></li><li class="step" title="Step
5"><div class="para">
Start <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>.
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step
6"><div class="para">
- Open the "Setup" window by clicking 'Setup'.
+ Click <span
class="guibutton"><strong>Setup</strong></span> to open the
"Setup" window.
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step
7"><div class="para">
In the 'Interface' text box, type the name of your preferred sound card
with "hw:" in front. With the sound cards listed above, you might write <code
class="literal">hw:MobilePre</code>.
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step
8"><div class="para">
@@ -342,40 +320,37 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts
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</div><div class="para">
For more information on <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>, refer
to <em class="citetitle">Jack Audio Connection Kit (64studio)</em>
at <a
href="http://www.64studio.com/manual/audio/jack">http://www....;.
</div></div><div class="section"
title="2.3.3. Integrating PulseAudio with JACK"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK">2.3.3. Integrating
<code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> with <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code></h3></div></div></div><div
class="para">
- The default configuration of <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> yields control of the audio
equipment to <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> when the <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> server starts. <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> will not be able to receive input
or send output of any audio signals on the audio interface used by <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code>. This is fine for occasional users of
<code class="systemitem">JACK</code>, but many users will want to
use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> and <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> simultaneously, or switch between
the two frequently. The following instructions will configure <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> so that its input and output is
routed through <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>.
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li
class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Use PackageKit or KPackageKit to install the <span
class="package">pulseaudio-module-jack</span> package.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Approve the installation and ensure that it is carried out properly.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- You'll need to edit the <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> configuration file to use the
<code class="systemitem">JACK</code> module.
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li
class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Be careful! You will be editing an important system file as the root user!
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Run the following command in a terminal: <code
class="command">sudo -c 'gedit /etc/pulse/default.pa'</code>
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Add the following lines, underneath the line that says [code]#load-module
module-alsa-sink[/code]:
+ The default configuration of <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> yields control of the audio
equipment to <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> when the <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> server starts. <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> will not be able to receive input
or send output of any audio signals on the audio interface used by <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code>. This is fine for occasional users of
<code class="systemitem">JACK</code>, but many users will want to
use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> and <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> simultaneously, or switch between
the two frequently. The following instructions will configure <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> so that its input and output is
routed through <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>.
+ </div><div class="procedure"><ol
class="1"><li class="step" title="Step 1"><div
class="para">
+ Use PackageKit or KPackageKit to install the <span
class="package">pulseaudio-module-jack</span> package.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
2"><div class="para">
+ Approve the installation and ensure that it is carried out properly.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
3"><div class="para">
+ You'll need to edit the <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> configuration file to use the
<code class="systemitem">JACK</code> module.
+ </div><ol class="a"><li class="step"
title="Step 3.a"><div class="para">
+ Be careful! You will be editing an important system file as the root user!
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
3.b"><div class="para">
+ Run the following command in a terminal: <code
class="command">sudo -c 'gedit /etc/pulse/default.pa'</code>
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
3.c"><div class="para">
+ Add the following lines, underneath the line that says [code]#load-module
module-alsa-sink[/code]:
<pre class="programlisting">
load-module module-jack-sink
load-module module-jack-source
</pre>
- </div></li></ol></div>
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Restart <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> by
running the following command in a terminal: <code class="command">killall
pulseaudio</code> <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code>
restarts automatically.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Confirm that this has worked by opening <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>. The
display should confirm that <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> is
"Active".
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- In the "Connect" window, on the "Audio" tab, there should be
<code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> devices on each side, and
they should be connected to "system" devices on the opposite sides.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Open <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>'s
"Setup" window, then click on the "Options" tab. Uncheck "Execute
script after Shutdown: killall jackd". If you did not make this change, then <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> would
stop the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server from running
every time the program quits. Since <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> is still expecting to use <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> after that, you shouldn't do this
any more.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- When <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> starts
<code class="systemitem">JACK</code>, it uses the command found in
the <code class="filename">~/.jackdrc</code> file. <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>
automatically updates this file when you change settings, but you may have to restart both
<code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> and <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> in order to get the new changes to take
effect. If they refuse to take effect, you can edit that file yourself.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Be careful about using a very high sample rate with <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code>, since it will tend to use a lot
of CPU power.
- </div></li></ol></div>
-
- </div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US"
class="chapter" title="Chapter 3. Real-Time and Low Latency"
id="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency"
lang="en-US"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h2
class="title">Chapter 3. Real-Time and Low
Latency</h2></div></div></div><div
class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1. Why Low Latency Is
Desirable</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Processor_Scheduling">3.2. Processor
Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_Linux_Kernel">3.3. The Real-Time Linux
Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hard_and_Soft_Real_Time">3.4. Hard and Soft
Real-Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Getting_Real_Time_Kernel_in_Fedora">3.5. Getting
a Real-Time Kernel in Fedora
Linux</a></span></dt></dl></div><div
class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></li><li class="step"
title="Step 4"><div class="para">
+ Restart <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> by running
the following command in a terminal: <code class="command">killall
pulseaudio</code> <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code>
restarts automatically.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
5"><div class="para">
+ Confirm that this has worked by opening <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>. The
display should confirm that <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> is
"Active".
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
6"><div class="para">
+ In the "Connect" window, on the "Audio" tab, there should be
<code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> devices on each side, and
they should be connected to "system" devices on the opposite sides.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
7"><div class="para">
+ Open <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>'s
"Setup" window, then click on the "Options" tab. Uncheck "Execute
script after Shutdown: killall jackd". If you did not make this change, then <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> would
stop the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server from running
every time the program quits. Since <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> is still expecting to use <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> after that, you shouldn't do this
any more.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
8"><div class="para">
+ When <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> starts
<code class="systemitem">JACK</code>, it uses the command found in
the <code class="filename">~/.jackdrc</code> file. <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>
automatically updates this file when you change settings, but you may have to restart both
<code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> and <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> in order to get the new changes to take
effect. If they refuse to take effect, you can edit that file yourself.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
9"><div class="para">
+ Be careful about using a very high sample rate with <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code>, since it will tend to use a lot
of CPU power.
+ </div></li></ol></div></div></div></div><div
xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" title="Chapter 3. Real-Time and
Low Latency" id="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency"
lang="en-US"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h2
class="title">Chapter 3. Real-Time and Low
Latency</h2></div></div></div><div
class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1. Why Low Latency Is
Desirable</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Processor_Scheduling">3.2. Processor
Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_Linux_Kernel">3.3. The Real-Time Linux
Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hard_and_Soft_Real_Time">3.4. Hard and Soft
Real-Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Getting_Real_Time_Kernel_in_Fedora">3.5. Getting
a Real-Time Kernel in Fedora
Linux</a></span></dt></dl></div><
div class="para">
It is perhaps a common perception that computers can compute things instantaneously.
Anybody who has ever waited for a web page to load has first-hand experience that this is
not the case: computers take time to do things, even if the amount of time is often
imperceptible to human observers. Moreover, a computer doing one thing can seem like
it's acting nearly instantaneously, but a computer doing fifteen things will have a
more difficult time keeping up appearances.
</div><div class="section" title="3.1. Why Low Latency Is
Desirable" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1. Why Low Latency Is
Desirable</h2></div></div></div><div
class="para">
When computer audio specialists talk about a computer acting in <em
class="firstterm">real-time</em>, they mean that it is acting with only
an imperceptible delay. A computer cannot act on something instantaneously, and the amount
of waiting time between an input and its output is called <em
class="firstterm">latency</em>. In order for the delay between input
and output to be perceived as non-existant (in other words, for a computer to "react
in real-time,") the latency must be low.
@@ -503,7 +478,7 @@ qjackctl-0.3.6
</div></li></ol></div>
- </div></div></div></div></div><div
class="part" title="Part II. Audio and Music Software"
id="id479500"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part II. Audio and
Music Software</h1></div></div></div><div
class="partintro" title="Audio and Music Software"
id="id479507"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div
class="part" title="Part II. Audio and Music Software"
id="id466152"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part II. Audio and
Music Software</h1></div></div></div><div
class="partintro" title="Audio and Music Software"
id="id466159"><div></div><div class="para">
asdf
</div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of
Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity">5.
Audacity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Knowing_When_to_Use">5.1. Kowing When to
Use Audacity</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation">5.2.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Software_Requirements">5.2.1. Software
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Hardware_Requirements">5.2.2. Hardware
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation">5.2.3. Standard
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation_with_RPM_Fusion">5.2.4.
Installation with MP3 Support</a></span></d
t><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Playback">5.2.5.
Post-Installation Test: Playback</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Recording">5.2.6.
Post-Installation Test:
Recording</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration">5.3.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-First_Use">5.3.1. When You Run Audacity
for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Configure_to_Use_Your_Hardware">5.3.2.
Configuring Audacity for Your Sound
Card</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Setting_Sample_Rate_and_Format">5.3.3.
Setting the Project's Sample Rate and
Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Interface">5.4. The Interface</a
</span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording">5.5.
Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Start_to_Record">5.5.1. Start
to Record</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Continuing_to_Record">5.5.2.
Continue to
Record</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial">5.6. Creating a New Login
Sound (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Files">5.6.1. Files for the
Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Scenario">5.6.2.
Scenario</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Aligning_Tracks">5.6.3. Align
Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tut
orial-Stretching_Tracks">5.6.4. Stretching
Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Adjust_Volume_Level">5.6.5.
Adjust the Volume Level</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Remove_Noise">5.6.6. Remove
Noise</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Fade_Out">5.6.7. Fade In or
Out</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Removing_Audio">5.6.8. Remove
Some Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Repeating_a_Segment">5.6.9.
Repeat an Already-Recorded Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Using_the_Phaser">5.6.10. Add a
Special Effect (the Phaser)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Conclusion">5.6.11. Conclus
ion</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export">5.7. Save and
Export</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_Part_of_a_File">5.7.1. Export
Part of a File</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_a_Whole_File">5.7.2. Export a
Whole
File</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations">6. Digital Audio
Workstations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Which_DAW_to_Use">6.1. Knowing Which DAW
to Use</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recording">6.2. Stages of
Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Recording">6.2.1.
Recording</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Gu
ide-Mixing">6.2.2. Mixing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Mastering">6.2.3.
Mastering</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Record_Mix_Master_More_Info">6.2.4. More
Information</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Vocabulary">6.3. Interface
Vocabulary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session">6.3.1.
Session</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_and_Multitrack">6.3.2. Track and
Multitrack</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Region_Clip_Segment">6.3.3. Region, Clip, or
Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session_Track_Region">6.3.4. Relationship of
Session, Track, and Region</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Transport_and_Playhead">6.3.5. Transp
ort and Playhead</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Automation">6.3.6.
Automation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface">6.4. User
Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Messages_Pane">6.4.1. "Messages"
Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Clock">6.4.2.
Clock</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Info_Pane">6.4.3. "Track Info"
Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Pane">6.4.4. "Track"
Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Transport_Controls">6.4.5. Transport
Controls</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour">7.
Ardour</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardo
ur-Requirements_and_Installation">7.1. Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Knowledge_Requirements">7.1.1. Knowledge
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Software_Requirements">7.1.2. Software
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Hardware_Requirements">7.1.3. Hardware
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Installation">7.1.4.
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session">7.2. Recording a
Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Running_Ardour">7.2.1. Running
<span
class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recor
ding-Interface">7.2.2. The
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_the_Timeline">7.2.3.
Setting up the Timeline</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Connecting_Audio_Sources">7.2.4.
Connecting Audio Sources to <span
class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_Busses_and_Tracks">7.2.5.
Setting up the Busses and Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Adjusting_Recording_Level">7.2.6.
Adjusting Recording Level (Volume)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_a_Region">7.2.7.
Recording a Region</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_More">7.2.8. Recording
More</a></span></dt><dt><s
pan class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Routing_Audio">7.2.9. Routing
Audio and Managing <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>
Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Importing_Existing_Audio">7.2.10.
Importing Existing
Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Tutorial_Files">7.3. Files for the
Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing">7.4. Editing a Song
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.1. Add
Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Connect_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.2.
Connect the Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Edit_Groups">7.4.3. Creating Edit
Grou
ps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Regions_to_Tracks">7.4.4. Add
Regions to Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Cut_Regions_Down_to_Size">7.4.5.
Cut the Regions Down to Size</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Compare_Multiple_Recordings">7.4.6.
Compare Multiple Recordings of the Same
Thing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Arrange">7.4.7. Arrange Regions
into the Right Places</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Listen">7.4.8.
Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing">7.5. Mixing a Song
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Enabling_Stereo_Output">7.5.1.
Setting the Session for Ste
reo Output and Disabling Edit Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Levels">7.5.2. Set
Initial Levels</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Panning">7.5.3. Set
Initial Panning</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Automation_Tracks">7.5.4. Make
Further Adjustments with an Automation
Track</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Other_Things">7.5.5. Other Things
You Might Want to Do</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Listen">7.5.6.
Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering">7.6. Mastering a
Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Ways_to_Export">7.6.1. Ways to
Export Audio</a></span
</dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Using_Export_Window">7.6.2.
Using the Export
Window</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor">8.
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Requirements_and_Installation">8.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Knowledge_Requirements">8.1.1. Knowledge
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Software_Requirements">8.1.2. Software
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Hardware_Requirements">8.1.3. Hardware
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Other_Requirements">8.1.4. Other
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#s
ect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Installation">8.1.5.
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration">8.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-Audio_Tab">8.2.1. Audio
Options</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Tab">8.2.2. MIDI
Options</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Channel_Names">8.2.3.
Configuring MIDI Channel
Names</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using">8.3. Using
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Blue_Place_Markers">8.3.1. Using
the Blue Place-Markers</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-MIDI_Tools">8.3.2. Using the MID
I Matrix Editor's Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-JACK">8.3.3. Using JACK with
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Exporting_Audio_and_MIDI_Together">8.3.4.
Exporting a Whole File (Audio and MIDI
Together)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Tips">8.3.5. Miscellaneous
Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial">8.4. Creating a MIDI
Composition
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Inspiration">8.4.1.
Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Requirements">8.4.2. Files for
the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Getting_Qtractor_Ready">8.4.3.
Getting Qtrac
tor Ready</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Import_the_Audio_File">8.4.4.
Import the Audio File</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Marking_the_First_Formal_Area">8.4.5.
Marking the First Formal Area</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Creating_our_Theme">8.4.6.
Creating our Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Repeat_the_Theme">8.4.7. Repeat
the Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Compose_the_Next_Part">8.4.8.
Compose the Next Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_52_to_75">8.4.9.
Qtractor's Measures 52 to 75</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_75_to_97">8.4.10.
Qtracto
r's Measures 75 to 97</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measure_97">8.4.11.
Qtractor's Measure 97</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_98_to_119">8.4.12.
Qtractor's Measures 98 to 119</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_119_to_139">8.4.13.
Qtractor's Measures 119 to 139</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_139_to_158">8.4.14.
Qtractor's Measures 139 to 158</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_158_to_176">8.4.15.
Qtractor's Measures 158 to 176</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_177_to_the_End">8.4.16.
Qtractor's Measures 177 to the
End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Mus
icians_Guide-Rosegarden">9.
Rosegarden</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Requirements_and_Installation">9.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Knowledge_Requirements">9.1.1.
Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Software_Requirements">9.1.2. Software
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Hardware_Requirements">9.1.3. Hardware
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Other_Requirements">9.1.4. Other
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Installation">9.1.5.
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration">9.2.
Configuration</a></
span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-JACK_and_Qsynth">9.2.1.
Setup <span
class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span> and
<span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-Rosegarden">9.2.2. Setup
<span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden_and_LilyPond">9.3. <span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> and
LilyPond</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial">9.4. Write a Song in
<span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span>
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Bass_Line">9.4.1. Start the
Score with a Bass Line</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="secti
on"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Percussion_Track">9.4.2. Add
a Percussion Track</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Spice_up_the_Percussion">9.4.3.
Spice up the Percussion</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Melody">9.4.4. Add a
Melody</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Ways_to_Continue">9.4.5.
Possible Ways to
Continue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth">10.
FluidSynth</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-SoundFont_Technology_and_MIDI">10.1.
SoundFont Technology and
MIDI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-How_to_Get_a_SoundFont">10.1.1. How to
Get a SoundFont</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#s
ect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Terms">10.1.2. MIDI Instruments, Banks,
Programs, and Patches</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Channels">10.1.3. MIDI
Channels</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_Installation">10.2.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">10.2.1.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation">10.2.2.
Thare Are Two Ways to Install <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_with_Qsynth">10.2.3.
Installation with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"
<a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_without_Qsynth">10.2.4.
Installation without <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst">10.2.5. Installation of
SoundFont Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-In_a_Terminal">10.3. Using <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> in a
Terminal</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring">10.4. Configuring
<span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Starting_FluidSynth">10.4.1.
Starting <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-SoundFont">10.4.2.
SoundFont Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-JACK_Output">10.4.3.
<span class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span>
Output Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-MIDI_Input">10.4.4. MIDI
Input Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Viewing_all_Settings">10.4.5.
Viewing all <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span>
Settings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels">10.5.
Assigning Programs to Channels with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Changing_Number_of_Input_Channels">10.5.1.
Changing the Number of MIDI Input
Channels</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Saving_and_Reusing_Channel_Assignments">10.5.2.
Saving and Reusing Channel
Assignments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Reverb_and_Chorus">10.6. Using Reverb
and Chorus with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Multiple_Instances">10.7. Multiple
<span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span>
Instances with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider">11. <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Requirements_and_Installation">11.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians
_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Knowledge">11.1.1. Knowledge
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">11.1.2.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Hardware_Requirements">11.1.3.
Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-SC-Req_and_Inst-Available_Packages">11.1.4.
Available <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Recommended_Installation">11.1.5.
Recommended
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit">11.2. Using <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> to Write
and Run <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span clas
s="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Enable_and_Configure_SCEd">11.2.1.
Enable and Configure SCEd in <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Start_a_Server">11.2.2. Enable
<span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Mode and Start a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Executing_Code">11.2.3. Executing
Code in <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Other_Tips">11.2.4. Other Tips for
Using <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> with
<span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming">11.3. Basic
Programming in <span class="application"
<strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-First_Steps">11.3.1. First
Steps</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Variables_and_Functions">11.3.2.
Variables and Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Object_Oriented">11.3.3.
Object-Oriented <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Sound_Making_Functions">11.3.4.
Sound-Making Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Multichannel_Audio">11.3.5.
Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Collections">11.3.6.
Collections</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sec
t-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Repeating">11.3.7. Repeated
Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Conditional_Execution">11.3.8.
Conditional Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Combining_and_Mix">11.3.9.
Combining Audio; the Mix Class</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-SynthDef_and_Synth">11.3.10.
SynthDef and Synth</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Busses">11.3.11.
Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Ordering_and_Other_Features">11.3.12.
Ordering and Other Synth Features</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Scheduling">11.3.13.
Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_G
uide-SC-Basic_Programming-Getting_Help">11.3.14. How to Get
Help</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Legal_Attribution">11.3.15.
Legal
Attribution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Composing">11.4. Composing with
SuperCollider</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Tutorial_Files">11.4.1. Files for
the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Inspiration">11.4.2.
Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_First_Part">11.4.3.
Designing the First Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_Second_Part">11.4.4.
Designing the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Creating_T
en_Pseudo-Random-Tones">11.4.5. Creating Ten Pseudo-Random
Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Scheduling_the_Tones">11.4.6.
Scheduling the Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Optimizing_the_Code">11.4.7.
Optimizing the Code</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Making_a_Useful_Function_Out_of_the_Second_Part">11.4.8.
Making a Useful Section out of the Second
Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Joining_the_Two_Parts">11.4.9.
Joining the Two
Parts</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting">11.5. Exporting Sound
Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Non_Real_Time_Synthesis">11.5.1. Non-Real-Time
Synthesis</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#s
ect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Recording_SuperColliders_Output">11.5.2. Recording
SuperCollider's Output
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond">12.
<span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-How_LilyPond_Works">12.1. How <span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Works</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-The_LilyPond_Approach">12.2. The
<span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Approach</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Installation">12.3. Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax">12.4. <span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="
#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Letters_Are_Pitches">12.4.1. Letters Are
Pitches</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Numbers_Are_Durations">12.4.2.
Numbers Are Durations</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Articulations">12.4.3.
Articulations</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Simultaneity">12.4.4.
Simultaneity</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Chords">12.4.5.
Chords</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Commands">12.4.6.
Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Source_Files">12.4.7. Source
Files and Their Formatting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Avoiding_Errors">12.4.8. Avoiding
Errors</a></span></dt
</dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint">12.5. Working on a
Counterpoint Exercise
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Tutorial_Files">12.5.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Starting_the_Score">12.5.2.
Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.5.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Inputting">12.5.4.
Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Formatting_the_Score">12.5.5.
Formatting the
Score</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra">12.6. Working on an Or
chestral Score
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Tutorial_Files">12.6.1. Files
for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Starting_the_Score">12.6.2.
Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.6.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Inputting">12.6.4.
Inputting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano">12.7. Working on a Piano Score
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Tutorial_Files">12.7.1. Files for
the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Starting_the_Score">12.7.2. S
tarting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.7.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Inputting">12.7.4.
Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Troubleshooting_Errors">12.7.5.
Troubleshooting Errors</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Formatting">12.7.6. Formatting the
Score (Piano
Dynamics)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi">13.
Frescobaldi</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Makes_LilyPond_Easier">13.1.
Frescobaldi Makes LilyPond Easier</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Installation">13.2. Requirements and
Installation</
a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Configuration">13.3.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Using">13.4. Using
Frescobaldi</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege">14.
GNU Solfege</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Requirements_and_Installation">14.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hardware_and_Software_Requirements">14.1.1.
Hardware and Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Other_Requirements">14.1.2. Other
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install">14.1.3. Required
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_C
sound">14.1.4. Optional Installation:
Csound</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_MMA">14.1.5. Optional
Installation:
MMA</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration">14.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-First_Time">14.2.1. When
You Run Solfege for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Instruments">14.2.2.
Instruments</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-External_Programs">14.2.3.
External Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Interface">14.2.4.
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Practise">14.2.5.
Practise</a></span></dt><dt>
<span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Sound_Setup">14.2.6. Sound
Setup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training">14.3. Training
Yourself</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Aural_Skilla_and_Musical_Sensibility">14.3.1.
Aural Skills and Musical Sensibility</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Exercise_Types">14.3.2. Exercise
Types</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Making_an_Aural_Skills_Program">14.3.3.
Making an Aural Skills Program</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References">14.3.4.
Supplementary
References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises">14.4. Using the
Exercises</a><
/span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Listening_Exercises">14.4.1.
Listening</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Singing_Exercises">14.4.2.
Singing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Configure_Yourself_Exericses">14.4.3. Configure
Yourself</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Rhythm_Exercises">14.4.4.
Rhythm</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Dictation_Exercises">14.4.5.
Dictation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Harmonic_Progressions">14.4.6. Harmonic
Progressions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Intonation">14.4.7.
Intonation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div
xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" title="Chapter 5. Audacity"
id="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity"
lang="en-US"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h2
class="title">Chapter 5. Audacity</h2></div></div></div><div
class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Knowing_When_to_Use">5.1. Kowing When to
Use Audacity</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation">5.2.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Software_Requirements">5.2.1. Software
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Hardware_Requirements">5.2.2. Hardware
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation">5.2.3. Standard
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation_with_RPM_Fusion">5.2.4.
Installation with MP3 Support</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a hr
ef="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Playback">5.2.5.
Post-Installation Test: Playback</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Recording">5.2.6.
Post-Installation Test:
Recording</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration">5.3.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-First_Use">5.3.1. When You Run Audacity
for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Configure_to_Use_Your_Hardware">5.3.2.
Configuring Audacity for Your Sound
Card</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Setting_Sample_Rate_and_Format">5.3.3.
Setting the Project's Sample Rate and
Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Interface">5.4. The
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sec
tion"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording">5.5.
Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Start_to_Record">5.5.1. Start
to Record</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Continuing_to_Record">5.5.2.
Continue to
Record</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial">5.6. Creating a New Login
Sound (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Files">5.6.1. Files for the
Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Scenario">5.6.2.
Scenario</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Aligning_Tracks">5.6.3. Align
Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Stretching_Tracks">5.6.4. S
tretching Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Adjust_Volume_Level">5.6.5.
Adjust the Volume Level</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Remove_Noise">5.6.6. Remove
Noise</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Fade_Out">5.6.7. Fade In or
Out</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Removing_Audio">5.6.8. Remove
Some Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Repeating_a_Segment">5.6.9.
Repeat an Already-Recorded Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Using_the_Phaser">5.6.10. Add a
Special Effect (the Phaser)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Conclusion">5.6.11.
Conclusion</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt>
<span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export">5.7. Save and
Export</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_Part_of_a_File">5.7.1. Export
Part of a File</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_a_Whole_File">5.7.2. Export a
Whole
File</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div
class="para">
Audacity is a high-quality sound recording application, designed to be easy to use. We
recommend Audacity to most computer users, because it is simple but it has many features
and capabilities. You do not need to understand advanced computer audio concepts before
using Audacity. If you can connect your microphone to your computer, you know enough to
use Audacity.
@@ -7668,7 +7643,7 @@ dynamics =
When you practise sight-singing from any book, we recommend hearing the tonic pitch
from a fixed-pitch instrument (like a piano or keyboard synthesizer) before you sing an
excerpt. With the tonic pitch in your mind, and without singing aloud, find the starting
note of the excerpt, and sing the excerpt <span
class="emphasis"><em>in your mind</em></span> several
times, until you are sure that you are singing the excerpt correctly. When you have the
melody in your mind, sing the excerpt out loud, as many times as you need to be sure that
you are singing it correctly. Only <span
class="emphasis"><em>after</em></span> you sing the excerpt
perfectly should you play it on a fixed-pitch instrument to confirm that you are correct.
</div><div class="para">
You should build your ear with as little help from external sources (pianos, and so
on) as possible. A significant amount of research shows that this gives you a more
flexible musical mind, and that, while the initial learning curve is very steep, you will
ultimately be able to learn new concepts faster.
- </div><div class="bibliography" title="Aural Skills
Books" id="id697517"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h4
class="title">Aural Skills
Books</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"
title="Eyes and Ears: an Anthology of Melodies for
Sight-Singing"><p><span class="author"><span
class="firstname">Ben</span> <span
class="surname">Crowell</span>. </span><span
class="title"><i>Eyes and Ears: an Anthology of Melodies for
Sight-Singing</i>. </span><span class="date">2004.
</span><span class="publisher"><span
class="publishername">
+ </div><div class="bibliography" title="Aural Skills
Books" id="id476908"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h4
class="title">Aural Skills
Books</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"
title="Eyes and Ears: an Anthology of Melodies for
Sight-Singing"><p><span class="author"><span
class="firstname">Ben</span> <span
class="surname">Crowell</span>. </span><span
class="title"><i>Eyes and Ears: an Anthology of Melodies for
Sight-Singing</i>. </span><span class="date">2004.
</span><span class="publisher"><span
class="publishername">
Ben Crowell
. </span><span class="address">
<span class="otheraddr"><a
href="http://www.lightandmatter.com/sight/sight.html">http:/...
@@ -7927,6 +7902,9 @@ dynamics =
</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision
7</td><td align="left">Sun Aug 8 2010</td><td
align="left"><span class="author"><span
class="firstname">Christopher</span> <span
class="surname">Antila</span></span></td></tr><tr><td
align="left" colspan="3">
<table border="0" summary="Simple list"
class="simplelist"><tr><td>Reviewed use of <code>
tags in "Basic Programming in SC"
chapter.</td></tr><tr><td>Searched code for '' or
''' and replaced them with <emphasis> where
appropriate.</td></tr><tr><td>Formatted bibliography/book-list in
the Solfege chapter.</td></tr></table>
+ </td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision
8</td><td align="left">Fri Aug 27 2010</td><td
align="left"><span class="author"><span
class="firstname">Christopher</span> <span
class="surname">Antila</span></span></td></tr><tr><td
align="left" colspan="3">
+ <table border="0" summary="Simple list"
class="simplelist"><tr><td>Re-wrote the JACK installation
instructions, to incorporate the fact that jack2 will be in
F14</td></tr><tr><td>Made other minor revisions to the sound
servers section.</td></tr></table>
+
</td></tr></table></div>
- </div></div><div class="index" title="Index"
id="id1626418"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h2
class="title">Index</h2></div></div></div><div
class="index"><div
class="indexdiv"><h3>F</h3><dl><dt>feedback</dt><dd><dl><dt>contact
information for this manual, <a class="indexterm"
href="#id494318">We Need
Feedback!</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></body></html>
+ </div></div><div class="index" title="Index"
id="id542697"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h2
class="title">Index</h2></div></div></div><div
class="index"><div
class="indexdiv"><h3>F</h3><dl><dt>feedback</dt><dd><dl><dt>contact
information for this manual, <a class="indexterm"
href="#id568128">We Need
Feedback!</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></body></html>
diff --git
a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History.html
b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History.html
index 01da97b..34de262 100644
---
a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History.html
+++
b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History.html
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@
</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision
7</td><td align="left">Sun Aug 8 2010</td><td
align="left"><span class="author"><span
class="firstname">Christopher</span> <span
class="surname">Antila</span></span></td></tr><tr><td
align="left" colspan="3">
<table border="0" summary="Simple list"
class="simplelist"><tr><td>Reviewed use of <code>
tags in "Basic Programming in SC"
chapter.</td></tr><tr><td>Searched code for '' or
''' and replaced them with <emphasis> where
appropriate.</td></tr><tr><td>Formatted bibliography/book-list in
the Solfege chapter.</td></tr></table>
+ </td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision
8</td><td align="left">Fri Aug 27 2010</td><td
align="left"><span class="author"><span
class="firstname">Christopher</span> <span
class="surname">Antila</span></span></td></tr><tr><td
align="left" colspan="3">
+ <table border="0" summary="Simple list"
class="simplelist"><tr><td>Re-wrote the JACK installation
instructions, to incorporate the fact that jack2 will be in
F14</td></tr><tr><td>Made other minor revisions to the sound
servers section.</td></tr></table>
+
</td></tr></table></div>
</div></div><ul class="docnav"><li
class="previous"><a accesskey="p"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Intonation.html"><strong>Prev</strong>14.4.7. Intonation</a></li><li
class="up"><a accesskey="u"
href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li
class="home"><a accesskey="h"
href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="ix01.html"><strong>Next</strong>Index</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git
a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/index.html
b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/index.html
index 5976086..87e54d2 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/index.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/index.html
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
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font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h2
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class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Fedora
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class="firstname">Christopher</span> <span
class="surname">Antila</span></h3><div
class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Fedora
Documentation Project</span></div><code class="email"><a
class="email"
href="mailto:crantila@fedoraproject.org">crantila@fedoraproject.org</a></code></div></div></div><hr
/><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats"
font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt"
text-align="center"><div id="id560429"
class="legalnotice"><h1 class="legalnotice">Legal
Notice</h1><div class="para">
Copyright <span class="trademark"></span>© 2010 Red Hat, Inc. and
others.
</div><div class="para">
The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative
Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An
explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at <a
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">http:/...;.
The original authors of this document, and Red Hat, designate the Fedora Project as the
"Attribution Party" for purposes of CC-BY-SA. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if
you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the
original version.
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
</div></div></div><div
font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold"
font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div
class="abstract"
title="Abstract"><h6>Abstract</h6><div
class="para">
This document explores some audio-creation and music activities possible with Fedora
Linux. Computer audio concepts are explained, and a selection of programs are demonstrated
with tutorials showing a typical usage.
- </div></div></div></div><hr /></div><div
class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a
href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html">Preface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html#id694923">1. Document
Conventions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html#id588464">1.1. Typographic
Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html#id566666">1.2. Pull-quote
Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html#id485738">1.3. Notes and
Warnings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a href="pr01s02.html">2. We Need
Feedback!</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="part"><a href="pt01.html">I. Linux Audio
Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html">1. Sound Cards and Digital
Audio</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="
section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Sound_Cards_Are">1.1.
Types of Sound
Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audio_Interfaces">1.1.1.
Audio Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-MIDI_Interfaces">1.1.2.
MIDI Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections.html">1.2. Sound Card
Connections</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Motherboard_Integrated">1.2.1.
Integrated into the Motherboard</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-PCI_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.2. Internal PCI
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FireWire_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.3
. External FireWire Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-USB_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.4. External USB
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Choose_Sound_Card_Connection.html">1.2.5. Choosing
a Connection
Type</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format.html">1.3. Sample,
Sample Rate, Sample Format, and Bit
Rate</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample">1.3.1.
Sample</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Format.html">1.3.2. Sample
Format</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate.html">1.3.3. Sample
Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_Rate.html">1.3.4. Bit
Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_and_Sample_Rate_Conclusions.html">1.3.5.
Conclusions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary.html">1.4. Other Digital Audio
Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-MIDI_Sequencer">1.4.1.
MIDI Sequencer</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Bus.html">1.4.2. Busses, Master Bus,
and Sub-Master Bus</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Level.html">1.4.3. Level
(Volume/Loudness)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Panning_and_Balance.html">1.4.4.
Panning and Balance</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Time.html">1.4.5. Time, Timeline, and
Time-Shifting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocab
ulary-Synchronization.html">1.4.6.
Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Routing_and_Multiplexing.html">1.4.7.
Routing and Multiplexing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Multichannel_Audio.html">1.4.8. Multichannel
Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware.html">2. Software
for Sound Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-ALSA">2.1.
How Linux Deals with Audio Hardware</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section.html">2.2. Sound
Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-PulseAudio">2.2.1.
PulseAudio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-JACK.html">2.2.2. <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection
Kit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon.html">2.2.3.
Phonon</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html">2.3. Using the <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection
Kit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1.
Installing and Configuring <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html">2.3.2. Using <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK.html">2.3.3.
Integrating <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> with <code
class="s
ystemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html">3. Real-Time and
Low Latency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1.
Why Low Latency Is Desirable</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Processor_Scheduling.html">3.2. Processor
Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_Linux_Kernel.html">3.3. The Real-Time
Linux Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Hard_and_Soft_Real_Time.html">3.4. Hard and Soft
Real-Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Getting_Real_Time_Kernel_in_Fedora.html">3.5.
Getting a Real-Time Kernel in Fedora
Linux</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CC
RMA_at_Home.html">4. Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CCRMA_at_Home.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Is_Planet_CCRMA">4.1.
About Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA.html">4.2.
Deciding Whether to Use Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Need_Exclusive_Software">4.2.1.
Exclusive Software</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Security_and_Stability.html">4.2.2. Security
and Stability</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Best_Practices.html">4.2.3. A Possible
"Best Practices"
Solution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software.html">4.3. Using So
ftware from Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository">4.3.1.
Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home
Repositories</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Repository_Priorities.html">4.3.2. Set
Repository Priorities</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Preventing_Package_Updates.html">4.3.3.
Prevent a Package from Being
Updated</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="part"><a href="pt02.html">II. Audio and Music
Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html">5.
Audacity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Knowing_When_to_Use">5.1.
Kowing When to Use Audacity</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a hr
ef="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation.html">5.2.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Software_Requirements">5.2.1.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Hardware_Requirements.html">5.2.2.
Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation.html">5.2.3. Standard
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation_with_RPM_Fusion.html">5.2.4.
Installation with MP3 Support</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Playback.html">5.2.5.
Post-Installation Test: Playback</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Recording.html">5.2.6. Post-Ins
tallation Test:
Recording</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration.html">5.3.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-First_Use">5.3.1.
When You Run Audacity for the First
Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Configure_to_Use_Your_Hardware.html">5.3.2.
Configuring Audacity for Your Sound
Card</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Setting_Sample_Rate_and_Format.html">5.3.3.
Setting the Project's Sample Rate and
Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Interface.html">5.4. The
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording.html">5.5.
Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Music
ians_Guide-Audacity-Recording.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Start_to_Record">5.5.1.
Start to Record</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Continuing_to_Record.html">5.5.2.
Continue to
Record</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial.html">5.6. Creating a New Login
Sound (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Files">5.6.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Scenario.html">5.6.2.
Scenario</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Aligning_Tracks.html">5.6.3.
Align Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Stretching_Tracks.html">5.6.4.
Stretching Tracks</a></span></dt><
dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Adjust_Volume_Level.html">5.6.5.
Adjust the Volume Level</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Remove_Noise.html">5.6.6. Remove
Noise</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Fade_Out.html">5.6.7. Fade In or
Out</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Removing_Audio.html">5.6.8.
Remove Some Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Repeating_a_Segment.html">5.6.9.
Repeat an Already-Recorded Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Using_the_Phaser.html">5.6.10.
Add a Special Effect (the Phaser)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Conclusion.html">5.6.11.
Conclusion</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export.html">5.7. Save and
Export</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_Part_of_a_File">5.7.1.
Export Part of a File</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_a_Whole_File.html">5.7.2.
Export a Whole
File</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations.html">6. Digital Audio
Workstations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Which_DAW_to_Use">6.1.
Knowing Which DAW to Use</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recording.html">6.2. Stages of
Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recordi
ng.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Recording">6.2.1.
Recording</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Mixing.html">6.2.2.
Mixing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Mastering.html">6.2.3.
Mastering</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Record_Mix_Master_More_Info.html">6.2.4. More
Information</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Vocabulary.html">6.3. Interface
Vocabulary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Vocabulary.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session">6.3.1.
Session</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_and_Multitrack.html">6.3.2. Track and
Multitrack</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Region_Clip_Segment.html">6.3.3. Region, Clip, or
Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect
-Musicians_Guide-Session_Track_Region.html">6.3.4. Relationship of Session,
Track, and Region</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Transport_and_Playhead.html">6.3.5. Transport and
Playhead</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Automation.html">6.3.6.
Automation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface.html">6.4. User
Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Messages_Pane">6.4.1.
"Messages" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Clock.html">6.4.2.
Clock</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Info_Pane.html">6.4.3. "Track
Info" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Pane.html">6.4.4. "Track"
Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a h
ref="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Transport_Controls.html">6.4.5. Transport
Controls</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html">7.
Ardour</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Requirements_and_Installation">7.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Knowledge_Requirements">7.1.1.
Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Software_Requirements">7.1.2.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Hardware_Requirements">7.1.3.
Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour
-Installation">7.1.4.
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session.html">7.2. Recording a
Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Running_Ardour">7.2.1.
Running <span
class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Interface.html">7.2.2. The
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_the_Timeline.html">7.2.3.
Setting up the Timeline</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Connecting_Audio_Sources.html">7.2.4.
Connecting Audio Sources to <span
class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setti
ng_up_Busses_and_Tracks.html">7.2.5. Setting up the Busses and
Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Adjusting_Recording_Level.html">7.2.6.
Adjusting Recording Level (Volume)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_a_Region.html">7.2.7.
Recording a Region</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_More.html">7.2.8.
Recording More</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Routing_Audio.html">7.2.9.
Routing Audio and Managing <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>
Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Importing_Existing_Audio.html">7.2.10.
Importing Existing
Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Tutorial_Files.html">7.3. Files for the
Tutorial</a></sp
an></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing.html">7.4. Editing a Song
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.1.
Add Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Connect_Tracks_and_Busses.html">7.4.2.
Connect the Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Edit_Groups.html">7.4.3. Creating
Edit Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Regions_to_Tracks.html">7.4.4.
Add Regions to Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Cut_Regions_Down_to_Size.html">7.4.5.
Cut the Regions Down to Size</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Compare_Multiple_
Recordings.html">7.4.6. Compare Multiple Recordings of the Same
Thing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Arrange.html">7.4.7. Arrange
Regions into the Right Places</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Listen.html">7.4.8.
Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing.html">7.5. Mixing a Song
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Enabling_Stereo_Output">7.5.1.
Setting the Session for Stereo Output and Disabling Edit
Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Levels.html">7.5.2. Set
Initial Levels</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Panning.html">7.5.3. Set
Initial Panning</a></span></dt><dt><span cla
ss="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Automation_Tracks.html">7.5.4. Make
Further Adjustments with an Automation
Track</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Other_Things.html">7.5.5. Other
Things You Might Want to Do</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Listen.html">7.5.6.
Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering.html">7.6. Mastering a
Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Ways_to_Export">7.6.1.
Ways to Export Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Using_Export_Window.html">7.6.2.
Using the Export
Window</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html">8.
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd>
<dl><dt><span class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Requirements_and_Installation">8.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Knowledge_Requirements">8.1.1.
Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Software_Requirements">8.1.2.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Hardware_Requirements">8.1.3.
Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Other_Requirements">8.1.4.
Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Installation">8.1.5.
Installatio
n</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration.html">8.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-Audio_Tab">8.2.1.
Audio Options</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Tab.html">8.2.2. MIDI
Options</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Channel_Names.html">8.2.3.
Configuring MIDI Channel
Names</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using.html">8.3. Using
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Blue_Place_Markers">8.3.1.
Using the Blue Place-Markers</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtrac
tor-Using-MIDI_Tools.html">8.3.2. Using the MIDI Matrix Editor's
Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-JACK.html">8.3.3. Using JACK with
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Exporting_Audio_and_MIDI_Together.html">8.3.4.
Exporting a Whole File (Audio and MIDI
Together)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Tips.html">8.3.5. Miscellaneous
Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial.html">8.4. Creating a MIDI
Composition
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Inspiration">8.4.1.
Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Requirements.html">8.4.2. Files
for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Getting_Qtractor_Ready.html">8.4.3.
Getting Qtractor Ready</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Import_the_Audio_File.html">8.4.4.
Import the Audio File</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Marking_the_First_Formal_Area.html">8.4.5.
Marking the First Formal Area</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Creating_our_Theme.html">8.4.6.
Creating our Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Repeat_the_Theme.html">8.4.7.
Repeat the Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Compose_the_Next_Part.html">8.4.8.
Compose the Next Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_52_to_75.html">8.4.9.
Qtractor's Meas
ures 52 to 75</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_75_to_97.html">8.4.10.
Qtractor's Measures 75 to 97</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measure_97.html">8.4.11.
Qtractor's Measure 97</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_98_to_119.html">8.4.12.
Qtractor's Measures 98 to 119</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_119_to_139.html">8.4.13.
Qtractor's Measures 119 to 139</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_139_to_158.html">8.4.14.
Qtractor's Measures 139 to 158</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_158_to_176.html">8.4.15.
Qtractor's Measures 158 to 176</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtra
ctor-Tutorial-Measures_177_to_the_End.html">8.4.16. Qtractor's Measures 177
to the
End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html">9.
Rosegarden</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Requirements_and_Installation">9.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Knowledge_Requirements">9.1.1.
Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Software_Requirements">9.1.2.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Hardware_Requirements">9.1.3.
Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians
_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Other_Requirements">9.1.4.
Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Installation">9.1.5.
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration.html">9.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-JACK_and_Qsynth">9.2.1.
Setup <span
class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span> and
<span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-Rosegarden.html">9.2.2.
Setup <span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden_and_LilyPond.html">9.3.
<span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> and
LilyPond</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial.html">9.4. Write a Song in
<span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span>
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Bass_Line">9.4.1.
Start the Score with a Bass Line</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Percussion_Track.html">9.4.2.
Add a Percussion Track</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Spice_up_the_Percussion.html">9.4.3.
Spice up the Percussion</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Melody.html">9.4.4. Add a
Melody</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Ways_to_Continue.h
tml">9.4.5. Possible Ways to
Continue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html">10.
FluidSynth</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-SoundFont_Technology_and_MIDI">10.1.
SoundFont Technology and
MIDI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-How_to_Get_a_SoundFont">10.1.1.
How to Get a SoundFont</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Terms">10.1.2.
MIDI Instruments, Banks, Programs, and
Patches</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Channels">10.1.3.
MIDI Channels</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_I
nstallation.html">10.2. Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_Installation.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">10.2.1.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation.html">10.2.2.
Thare Are Two Ways to Install <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_with_Qsynth.html">10.2.3.
Installation with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_without_Qsynth.html">10.2.4.
Installation without <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Flui
dSynth-Req_and_Inst.html">10.2.5. Installation of SoundFont
Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-In_a_Terminal.html">10.3. Using
<span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> in a
Terminal</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring.html">10.4. Configuring
<span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Starting_FluidSynth">10.4.1.
Starting <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-SoundFont.html">10.4.2.
SoundFont Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-JACK_Output.html">10.4.3.
<span class="application"><strong>JAC
K</strong></span> Output
Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-MIDI_Input.html">10.4.4.
MIDI Input Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Viewing_all_Settings.html">10.4.5.
Viewing all <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span>
Settings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels.html">10.5.
Assigning Programs to Channels with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Changing_Number_of_Input_Channels">10.5.1.
Changing the Number of MIDI Input
Channels</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Saving_and_Reusing_Channel_Assignments.ht
ml">10.5.2. Saving and Reusing Channel
Assignments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Reverb_and_Chorus.html">10.6. Using
Reverb and Chorus with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Multiple_Instances.html">10.7. Multiple
<span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span>
Instances with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html">11. <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Requirements_and_Installation">11.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guid
e-SC-Req_and_Inst-Knowledge">11.1.1. Knowledge
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">11.1.2.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Hardware_Requirements">11.1.3.
Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-SC-Req_and_Inst-Available_Packages">11.1.4.
Available <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Recommended_Installation">11.1.5.
Recommended
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit.html">11.2. Using <span
class="application"><s
trong>GEdit</strong></span> to Write and Run <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Enable_and_Configure_SCEd">11.2.1.
Enable and Configure SCEd in <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Start_a_Server.html">11.2.2. Enable
<span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Mode and Start a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Executing_Code.html">11.2.3.
Executing Code in <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Other_Tips.html">11.2.4. Other Tips
for Using <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> with
<span class="application
"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming.html">11.3. Basic
Programming in <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-First_Steps">11.3.1.
First Steps</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Variables_and_Functions.html">11.3.2.
Variables and Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Object_Oriented.html">11.3.3.
Object-Oriented <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Sound_Making_Functions.html">11.3.4.
Sound-Making Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"
<a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Multichannel_Audio.html">11.3.5.
Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Collections.html">11.3.6.
Collections</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Repeating.html">11.3.7.
Repeated Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Conditional_Execution.html">11.3.8.
Conditional Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Combining_and_Mix.html">11.3.9.
Combining Audio; the Mix Class</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-SynthDef_and_Synth.html">11.3.10.
SynthDef and Synth</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Busses.html">11.3.11.
Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href=
"sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Ordering_and_Other_Features.html">11.3.12.
Ordering and Other Synth Features</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Scheduling.html">11.3.13.
Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Getting_Help.html">11.3.14.
How to Get Help</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Legal_Attribution.html">11.3.15.
Legal
Attribution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Composing.html">11.4. Composing with
SuperCollider</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Composing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Tutorial_Files">11.4.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Inspiration.html">11.4.2.
Inspiration</a><
/span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_First_Part.html">11.4.3.
Designing the First Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_Second_Part.html">11.4.4.
Designing the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Creating_Ten_Pseudo-Random-Tones.html">11.4.5.
Creating Ten Pseudo-Random Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Scheduling_the_Tones.html">11.4.6.
Scheduling the Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Optimizing_the_Code.html">11.4.7.
Optimizing the Code</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Making_a_Useful_Function_Out_of_the_Second_Part.html">11.4.8.
Making a Useful Section out of the Second
Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Music
ians_Guide-SC-Composing-Joining_the_Two_Parts.html">11.4.9. Joining the Two
Parts</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting.html">11.5. Exporting
Sound Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Non_Real_Time_Synthesis">11.5.1.
Non-Real-Time Synthesis</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Recording_SuperColliders_Output.html">11.5.2.
Recording SuperCollider's Output
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond.html">12. <span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-How_LilyPond_Works">12.1.
How <span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Works</a></span></dt><dt><span cla
ss="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-The_LilyPond_Approach.html">12.2. The
<span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Approach</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Installation.html">12.3. Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax.html">12.4. <span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Letters_Are_Pitches">12.4.1.
Letters Are Pitches</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Numbers_Are_Durations.html">12.4.2.
Numbers Are Durations</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Articulations.html">12.4.3.
Articulations</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-
LilyPond-Syntax-Simultaneity.html">12.4.4.
Simultaneity</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Chords.html">12.4.5.
Chords</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Commands.html">12.4.6.
Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Source_Files.html">12.4.7. Source
Files and Their Formatting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Avoiding_Errors.html">12.4.8.
Avoiding Errors</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint.html">12.5. Working on a
Counterpoint Exercise
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Tutorial_Files">12.5.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musici
ans_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Starting_the_Score.html">12.5.2. Starting the
Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.5.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Inputting.html">12.5.4.
Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Formatting_the_Score.html">12.5.5.
Formatting the
Score</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra.html">12.6. Working on an
Orchestral Score
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Tutorial_Files">12.6.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Starting_the_Score.html">12
.6.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.6.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Inputting.html">12.6.4.
Inputting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano.html">12.7. Working on a Piano
Score (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Tutorial_Files">12.7.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Starting_the_Score.html">12.7.2.
Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.7.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="
sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Inputting.html">12.7.4.
Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Troubleshooting_Errors.html">12.7.5.
Troubleshooting Errors</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Formatting.html">12.7.6. Formatting
the Score (Piano
Dynamics)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi.html">13.
Frescobaldi</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Makes_LilyPond_Easier">13.1.
Frescobaldi Makes LilyPond Easier</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Installation.html">13.2. Requirements
and Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Configuration.html">13.3.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a hr
ef="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Using.html">13.4. Using
Frescobaldi</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html">14. GNU
Solfege</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Requirements_and_Installation">14.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hardware_and_Software_Requirements">14.1.1.
Hardware and Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Other_Requirements">14.1.2.
Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install">14.1.3.
Required Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-
Install_Csound">14.1.4. Optional Installation:
Csound</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_MMA">14.1.5.
Optional Installation:
MMA</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration.html">14.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-First_Time">14.2.1.
When You Run Solfege for the First
Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Instruments.html">14.2.2.
Instruments</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-External_Programs.html">14.2.3.
External Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Interface.html">14.2.4.
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sec
tion"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Practise.html">14.2.5.
Practise</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Sound_Setup.html">14.2.6.
Sound Setup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training.html">14.3. Training
Yourself</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Aural_Skilla_and_Musical_Sensibility">14.3.1.
Aural Skills and Musical Sensibility</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Exercise_Types.html">14.3.2.
Exercise Types</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Making_an_Aural_Skills_Program.html">14.3.3.
Making an Aural Skills Program</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References.html">14.
3.4. Supplementary
References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises.html">14.4. Using the
Exercises</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Listening_Exercises">14.4.1.
Listening</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Singing_Exercises.html">14.4.2.
Singing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Configure_Yourself_Exericses.html">14.4.3.
Configure Yourself</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Rhythm_Exercises.html">14.4.4.
Rhythm</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Dictation_Exercises.html">14.4.5.
Dictation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Harmonic_Progressions.html">14.4.6.
Harmonic Progressions</a></span></dt><d
t><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Intonation.html">14.4.7.
Intonation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="appendix"><a
href="appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History.html">A. Revision
History</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="index"><a
href="ix01.html">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><ul
class="docnav"><li class="previous"></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html"><strong>Next</strong>Preface</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div></div></div><hr /></div><div
class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a
href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html">Preface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html#id628071">1. Document
Conventions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html#id567811">1.1. Typographic
Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html#id652423">1.2. Pull-quote
Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html#id564039">1.3. Notes and
Warnings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a href="pr01s02.html">2. We Need
Feedback!</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="part"><a href="pt01.html">I. Linux Audio
Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html">1. Sound Cards and Digital
Audio</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="
section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Sound_Cards_Are">1.1.
Types of Sound
Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audio_Interfaces">1.1.1.
Audio Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-MIDI_Interfaces">1.1.2.
MIDI Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections.html">1.2. Sound Card
Connections</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Motherboard_Integrated">1.2.1.
Integrated into the Motherboard</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-PCI_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.2. Internal PCI
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FireWire_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.3
. External FireWire Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-USB_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.4. External USB
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Choose_Sound_Card_Connection.html">1.2.5. Choosing
a Connection
Type</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format.html">1.3. Sample,
Sample Rate, Sample Format, and Bit
Rate</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample">1.3.1.
Sample</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Format.html">1.3.2. Sample
Format</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate.html">1.3.3. Sample
Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_Rate.html">1.3.4. Bit
Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_and_Sample_Rate_Conclusions.html">1.3.5.
Conclusions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary.html">1.4. Other Digital Audio
Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-MIDI_Sequencer">1.4.1.
MIDI Sequencer</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Bus.html">1.4.2. Busses, Master Bus,
and Sub-Master Bus</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Level.html">1.4.3. Level
(Volume/Loudness)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Panning_and_Balance.html">1.4.4.
Panning and Balance</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Time.html">1.4.5. Time, Timeline, and
Time-Shifting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocab
ulary-Synchronization.html">1.4.6.
Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Routing_and_Multiplexing.html">1.4.7.
Routing and Multiplexing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Multichannel_Audio.html">1.4.8. Multichannel
Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware.html">2. Software
for Sound Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-ALSA">2.1.
How Linux Deals with Audio Hardware</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section.html">2.2. Sound
Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-PulseAudio">2.2.1.
PulseAudio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-JACK.html">2.2.2. <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection
Kit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon.html">2.2.3.
Phonon</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html">2.3. Using the <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection
Kit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1.
Installing and Configuring <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html">2.3.2. Using <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK.html">2.3.3.
Integrating <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> with <code
class="s
ystemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html">3. Real-Time and
Low Latency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1.
Why Low Latency Is Desirable</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Processor_Scheduling.html">3.2. Processor
Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_Linux_Kernel.html">3.3. The Real-Time
Linux Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Hard_and_Soft_Real_Time.html">3.4. Hard and Soft
Real-Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Getting_Real_Time_Kernel_in_Fedora.html">3.5.
Getting a Real-Time Kernel in Fedora
Linux</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CC
RMA_at_Home.html">4. Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CCRMA_at_Home.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Is_Planet_CCRMA">4.1.
About Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA.html">4.2.
Deciding Whether to Use Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Need_Exclusive_Software">4.2.1.
Exclusive Software</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Security_and_Stability.html">4.2.2. Security
and Stability</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Best_Practices.html">4.2.3. A Possible
"Best Practices"
Solution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software.html">4.3. Using So
ftware from Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository">4.3.1.
Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home
Repositories</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Repository_Priorities.html">4.3.2. Set
Repository Priorities</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Preventing_Package_Updates.html">4.3.3.
Prevent a Package from Being
Updated</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="part"><a href="pt02.html">II. Audio and Music
Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html">5.
Audacity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Knowing_When_to_Use">5.1.
Kowing When to Use Audacity</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a hr
ef="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation.html">5.2.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Software_Requirements">5.2.1.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Hardware_Requirements.html">5.2.2.
Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation.html">5.2.3. Standard
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation_with_RPM_Fusion.html">5.2.4.
Installation with MP3 Support</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Playback.html">5.2.5.
Post-Installation Test: Playback</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Recording.html">5.2.6. Post-Ins
tallation Test:
Recording</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration.html">5.3.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-First_Use">5.3.1.
When You Run Audacity for the First
Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Configure_to_Use_Your_Hardware.html">5.3.2.
Configuring Audacity for Your Sound
Card</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Setting_Sample_Rate_and_Format.html">5.3.3.
Setting the Project's Sample Rate and
Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Interface.html">5.4. The
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording.html">5.5.
Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Music
ians_Guide-Audacity-Recording.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Start_to_Record">5.5.1.
Start to Record</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Continuing_to_Record.html">5.5.2.
Continue to
Record</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial.html">5.6. Creating a New Login
Sound (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Files">5.6.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Scenario.html">5.6.2.
Scenario</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Aligning_Tracks.html">5.6.3.
Align Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Stretching_Tracks.html">5.6.4.
Stretching Tracks</a></span></dt><
dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Adjust_Volume_Level.html">5.6.5.
Adjust the Volume Level</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Remove_Noise.html">5.6.6. Remove
Noise</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Fade_Out.html">5.6.7. Fade In or
Out</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Removing_Audio.html">5.6.8.
Remove Some Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Repeating_a_Segment.html">5.6.9.
Repeat an Already-Recorded Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Using_the_Phaser.html">5.6.10.
Add a Special Effect (the Phaser)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Conclusion.html">5.6.11.
Conclusion</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export.html">5.7. Save and
Export</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_Part_of_a_File">5.7.1.
Export Part of a File</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_a_Whole_File.html">5.7.2.
Export a Whole
File</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations.html">6. Digital Audio
Workstations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Which_DAW_to_Use">6.1.
Knowing Which DAW to Use</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recording.html">6.2. Stages of
Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recordi
ng.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Recording">6.2.1.
Recording</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Mixing.html">6.2.2.
Mixing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Mastering.html">6.2.3.
Mastering</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Record_Mix_Master_More_Info.html">6.2.4. More
Information</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Vocabulary.html">6.3. Interface
Vocabulary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Vocabulary.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session">6.3.1.
Session</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_and_Multitrack.html">6.3.2. Track and
Multitrack</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Region_Clip_Segment.html">6.3.3. Region, Clip, or
Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect
-Musicians_Guide-Session_Track_Region.html">6.3.4. Relationship of Session,
Track, and Region</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Transport_and_Playhead.html">6.3.5. Transport and
Playhead</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Automation.html">6.3.6.
Automation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface.html">6.4. User
Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Messages_Pane">6.4.1.
"Messages" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Clock.html">6.4.2.
Clock</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Info_Pane.html">6.4.3. "Track
Info" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Pane.html">6.4.4. "Track"
Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a h
ref="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Transport_Controls.html">6.4.5. Transport
Controls</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html">7.
Ardour</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Requirements_and_Installation">7.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Knowledge_Requirements">7.1.1.
Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Software_Requirements">7.1.2.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Hardware_Requirements">7.1.3.
Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour
-Installation">7.1.4.
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session.html">7.2. Recording a
Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Running_Ardour">7.2.1.
Running <span
class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Interface.html">7.2.2. The
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_the_Timeline.html">7.2.3.
Setting up the Timeline</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Connecting_Audio_Sources.html">7.2.4.
Connecting Audio Sources to <span
class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setti
ng_up_Busses_and_Tracks.html">7.2.5. Setting up the Busses and
Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Adjusting_Recording_Level.html">7.2.6.
Adjusting Recording Level (Volume)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_a_Region.html">7.2.7.
Recording a Region</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_More.html">7.2.8.
Recording More</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Routing_Audio.html">7.2.9.
Routing Audio and Managing <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>
Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Importing_Existing_Audio.html">7.2.10.
Importing Existing
Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Tutorial_Files.html">7.3. Files for the
Tutorial</a></sp
an></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing.html">7.4. Editing a Song
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.1.
Add Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Connect_Tracks_and_Busses.html">7.4.2.
Connect the Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Edit_Groups.html">7.4.3. Creating
Edit Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Regions_to_Tracks.html">7.4.4.
Add Regions to Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Cut_Regions_Down_to_Size.html">7.4.5.
Cut the Regions Down to Size</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Compare_Multiple_
Recordings.html">7.4.6. Compare Multiple Recordings of the Same
Thing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Arrange.html">7.4.7. Arrange
Regions into the Right Places</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Listen.html">7.4.8.
Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing.html">7.5. Mixing a Song
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Enabling_Stereo_Output">7.5.1.
Setting the Session for Stereo Output and Disabling Edit
Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Levels.html">7.5.2. Set
Initial Levels</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Panning.html">7.5.3. Set
Initial Panning</a></span></dt><dt><span cla
ss="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Automation_Tracks.html">7.5.4. Make
Further Adjustments with an Automation
Track</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Other_Things.html">7.5.5. Other
Things You Might Want to Do</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Listen.html">7.5.6.
Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering.html">7.6. Mastering a
Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Ways_to_Export">7.6.1.
Ways to Export Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Using_Export_Window.html">7.6.2.
Using the Export
Window</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html">8.
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd>
<dl><dt><span class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Requirements_and_Installation">8.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Knowledge_Requirements">8.1.1.
Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Software_Requirements">8.1.2.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Hardware_Requirements">8.1.3.
Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Other_Requirements">8.1.4.
Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Installation">8.1.5.
Installatio
n</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration.html">8.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-Audio_Tab">8.2.1.
Audio Options</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Tab.html">8.2.2. MIDI
Options</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Channel_Names.html">8.2.3.
Configuring MIDI Channel
Names</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using.html">8.3. Using
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Blue_Place_Markers">8.3.1.
Using the Blue Place-Markers</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtrac
tor-Using-MIDI_Tools.html">8.3.2. Using the MIDI Matrix Editor's
Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-JACK.html">8.3.3. Using JACK with
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Exporting_Audio_and_MIDI_Together.html">8.3.4.
Exporting a Whole File (Audio and MIDI
Together)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Tips.html">8.3.5. Miscellaneous
Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial.html">8.4. Creating a MIDI
Composition
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Inspiration">8.4.1.
Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Requirements.html">8.4.2. Files
for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Getting_Qtractor_Ready.html">8.4.3.
Getting Qtractor Ready</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Import_the_Audio_File.html">8.4.4.
Import the Audio File</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Marking_the_First_Formal_Area.html">8.4.5.
Marking the First Formal Area</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Creating_our_Theme.html">8.4.6.
Creating our Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Repeat_the_Theme.html">8.4.7.
Repeat the Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Compose_the_Next_Part.html">8.4.8.
Compose the Next Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_52_to_75.html">8.4.9.
Qtractor's Meas
ures 52 to 75</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_75_to_97.html">8.4.10.
Qtractor's Measures 75 to 97</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measure_97.html">8.4.11.
Qtractor's Measure 97</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_98_to_119.html">8.4.12.
Qtractor's Measures 98 to 119</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_119_to_139.html">8.4.13.
Qtractor's Measures 119 to 139</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_139_to_158.html">8.4.14.
Qtractor's Measures 139 to 158</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_158_to_176.html">8.4.15.
Qtractor's Measures 158 to 176</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtra
ctor-Tutorial-Measures_177_to_the_End.html">8.4.16. Qtractor's Measures 177
to the
End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html">9.
Rosegarden</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Requirements_and_Installation">9.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Knowledge_Requirements">9.1.1.
Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Software_Requirements">9.1.2.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Hardware_Requirements">9.1.3.
Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians
_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Other_Requirements">9.1.4.
Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Installation">9.1.5.
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration.html">9.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-JACK_and_Qsynth">9.2.1.
Setup <span
class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span> and
<span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-Rosegarden.html">9.2.2.
Setup <span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden_and_LilyPond.html">9.3.
<span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> and
LilyPond</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial.html">9.4. Write a Song in
<span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span>
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Bass_Line">9.4.1.
Start the Score with a Bass Line</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Percussion_Track.html">9.4.2.
Add a Percussion Track</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Spice_up_the_Percussion.html">9.4.3.
Spice up the Percussion</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Melody.html">9.4.4. Add a
Melody</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Ways_to_Continue.h
tml">9.4.5. Possible Ways to
Continue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html">10.
FluidSynth</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-SoundFont_Technology_and_MIDI">10.1.
SoundFont Technology and
MIDI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-How_to_Get_a_SoundFont">10.1.1.
How to Get a SoundFont</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Terms">10.1.2.
MIDI Instruments, Banks, Programs, and
Patches</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Channels">10.1.3.
MIDI Channels</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_I
nstallation.html">10.2. Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_Installation.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">10.2.1.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation.html">10.2.2.
Thare Are Two Ways to Install <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_with_Qsynth.html">10.2.3.
Installation with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_without_Qsynth.html">10.2.4.
Installation without <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Flui
dSynth-Req_and_Inst.html">10.2.5. Installation of SoundFont
Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-In_a_Terminal.html">10.3. Using
<span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> in a
Terminal</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring.html">10.4. Configuring
<span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Starting_FluidSynth">10.4.1.
Starting <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-SoundFont.html">10.4.2.
SoundFont Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-JACK_Output.html">10.4.3.
<span class="application"><strong>JAC
K</strong></span> Output
Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-MIDI_Input.html">10.4.4.
MIDI Input Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Viewing_all_Settings.html">10.4.5.
Viewing all <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span>
Settings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels.html">10.5.
Assigning Programs to Channels with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Changing_Number_of_Input_Channels">10.5.1.
Changing the Number of MIDI Input
Channels</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Saving_and_Reusing_Channel_Assignments.ht
ml">10.5.2. Saving and Reusing Channel
Assignments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Reverb_and_Chorus.html">10.6. Using
Reverb and Chorus with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Multiple_Instances.html">10.7. Multiple
<span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span>
Instances with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html">11. <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Requirements_and_Installation">11.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guid
e-SC-Req_and_Inst-Knowledge">11.1.1. Knowledge
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">11.1.2.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Hardware_Requirements">11.1.3.
Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-SC-Req_and_Inst-Available_Packages">11.1.4.
Available <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Recommended_Installation">11.1.5.
Recommended
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit.html">11.2. Using <span
class="application"><s
trong>GEdit</strong></span> to Write and Run <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Enable_and_Configure_SCEd">11.2.1.
Enable and Configure SCEd in <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Start_a_Server.html">11.2.2. Enable
<span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Mode and Start a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Executing_Code.html">11.2.3.
Executing Code in <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Other_Tips.html">11.2.4. Other Tips
for Using <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> with
<span class="application
"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming.html">11.3. Basic
Programming in <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-First_Steps">11.3.1.
First Steps</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Variables_and_Functions.html">11.3.2.
Variables and Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Object_Oriented.html">11.3.3.
Object-Oriented <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Sound_Making_Functions.html">11.3.4.
Sound-Making Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"
<a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Multichannel_Audio.html">11.3.5.
Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Collections.html">11.3.6.
Collections</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Repeating.html">11.3.7.
Repeated Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Conditional_Execution.html">11.3.8.
Conditional Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Combining_and_Mix.html">11.3.9.
Combining Audio; the Mix Class</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-SynthDef_and_Synth.html">11.3.10.
SynthDef and Synth</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Busses.html">11.3.11.
Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href=
"sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Ordering_and_Other_Features.html">11.3.12.
Ordering and Other Synth Features</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Scheduling.html">11.3.13.
Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Getting_Help.html">11.3.14.
How to Get Help</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Legal_Attribution.html">11.3.15.
Legal
Attribution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Composing.html">11.4. Composing with
SuperCollider</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Composing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Tutorial_Files">11.4.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Inspiration.html">11.4.2.
Inspiration</a><
/span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_First_Part.html">11.4.3.
Designing the First Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_Second_Part.html">11.4.4.
Designing the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Creating_Ten_Pseudo-Random-Tones.html">11.4.5.
Creating Ten Pseudo-Random Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Scheduling_the_Tones.html">11.4.6.
Scheduling the Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Optimizing_the_Code.html">11.4.7.
Optimizing the Code</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Making_a_Useful_Function_Out_of_the_Second_Part.html">11.4.8.
Making a Useful Section out of the Second
Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Music
ians_Guide-SC-Composing-Joining_the_Two_Parts.html">11.4.9. Joining the Two
Parts</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting.html">11.5. Exporting
Sound Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Non_Real_Time_Synthesis">11.5.1.
Non-Real-Time Synthesis</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Recording_SuperColliders_Output.html">11.5.2.
Recording SuperCollider's Output
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond.html">12. <span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-How_LilyPond_Works">12.1.
How <span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Works</a></span></dt><dt><span cla
ss="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-The_LilyPond_Approach.html">12.2. The
<span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Approach</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Installation.html">12.3. Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax.html">12.4. <span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Letters_Are_Pitches">12.4.1.
Letters Are Pitches</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Numbers_Are_Durations.html">12.4.2.
Numbers Are Durations</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Articulations.html">12.4.3.
Articulations</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-
LilyPond-Syntax-Simultaneity.html">12.4.4.
Simultaneity</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Chords.html">12.4.5.
Chords</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Commands.html">12.4.6.
Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Source_Files.html">12.4.7. Source
Files and Their Formatting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Avoiding_Errors.html">12.4.8.
Avoiding Errors</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint.html">12.5. Working on a
Counterpoint Exercise
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Tutorial_Files">12.5.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musici
ans_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Starting_the_Score.html">12.5.2. Starting the
Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.5.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Inputting.html">12.5.4.
Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Formatting_the_Score.html">12.5.5.
Formatting the
Score</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra.html">12.6. Working on an
Orchestral Score
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Tutorial_Files">12.6.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Starting_the_Score.html">12
.6.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.6.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Inputting.html">12.6.4.
Inputting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano.html">12.7. Working on a Piano
Score (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Tutorial_Files">12.7.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Starting_the_Score.html">12.7.2.
Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.7.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="
sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Inputting.html">12.7.4.
Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Troubleshooting_Errors.html">12.7.5.
Troubleshooting Errors</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Formatting.html">12.7.6. Formatting
the Score (Piano
Dynamics)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi.html">13.
Frescobaldi</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Makes_LilyPond_Easier">13.1.
Frescobaldi Makes LilyPond Easier</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Installation.html">13.2. Requirements
and Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Configuration.html">13.3.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a hr
ef="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Using.html">13.4. Using
Frescobaldi</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html">14. GNU
Solfege</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Requirements_and_Installation">14.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hardware_and_Software_Requirements">14.1.1.
Hardware and Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Other_Requirements">14.1.2.
Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install">14.1.3.
Required Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-
Install_Csound">14.1.4. Optional Installation:
Csound</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_MMA">14.1.5.
Optional Installation:
MMA</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration.html">14.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-First_Time">14.2.1.
When You Run Solfege for the First
Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Instruments.html">14.2.2.
Instruments</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-External_Programs.html">14.2.3.
External Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Interface.html">14.2.4.
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sec
tion"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Practise.html">14.2.5.
Practise</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Sound_Setup.html">14.2.6.
Sound Setup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training.html">14.3. Training
Yourself</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Aural_Skilla_and_Musical_Sensibility">14.3.1.
Aural Skills and Musical Sensibility</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Exercise_Types.html">14.3.2.
Exercise Types</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Making_an_Aural_Skills_Program.html">14.3.3.
Making an Aural Skills Program</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References.html">14.
3.4. Supplementary
References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises.html">14.4. Using the
Exercises</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Listening_Exercises">14.4.1.
Listening</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Singing_Exercises.html">14.4.2.
Singing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Configure_Yourself_Exericses.html">14.4.3.
Configure Yourself</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Rhythm_Exercises.html">14.4.4.
Rhythm</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Dictation_Exercises.html">14.4.5.
Dictation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Harmonic_Progressions.html">14.4.6.
Harmonic Progressions</a></span></dt><d
t><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Intonation.html">14.4.7.
Intonation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="appendix"><a
href="appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History.html">A. Revision
History</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="index"><a
href="ix01.html">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><ul
class="docnav"><li class="previous"></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html"><strong>Next</strong>Preface</a></li></ul></body></html>
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title="Index" id="id1668905"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h2
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class="index"><div
class="indexdiv"><h3>F</h3><dl><dt>feedback</dt><dd><dl><dt>contact
information for this manual, <a class="indexterm"
href="pr01s02.html">We Need
Feedback!</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul
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+<html
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta
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class="next"></li></ul><div class="index"
title="Index" id="id1703397"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h2
class="title">Index</h2></div></div></div><div
class="index"><div
class="indexdiv"><h3>F</h3><dl><dt>feedback</dt><dd><dl><dt>contact
information for this manual, <a class="indexterm"
href="pr01s02.html">We Need
Feedback!</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul
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diff --git
a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pr01s02.html
b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pr01s02.html
index f3d58cb..ceb379c 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pr01s02.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pr01s02.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta
http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
/><title>2. We Need Feedback!</title><link rel="stylesheet"
href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link
rel="stylesheet" media="print"
href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta
name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta
name="package"
content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0"
/><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians'
Guide" /><link rel="up"
href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html" title="Preface" /><link
rel="prev" href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html"
title="Preface" /><link rel="next" href="pt01.html"
title="Part I. Linux Audio Basics" /></head><body class="draft
toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe
id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This
is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe
display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a
class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site"
/></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site"
/></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li
class="previous"><a accesskey="p"
href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="pt01.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div
xml:lang="en-US" class="section" title="2. We Need
Feedback!" lang="en-US"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title"
id="id666457">2. We Need
Feedback!</h2></div></div></div><a id="id540401"
class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+<html
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta
http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
/><title>2. We Need Feedback!</title><link rel="stylesheet"
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/><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians'
Guide" /><link rel="up"
href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html" title="Preface" /><link
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title="Preface" /><link rel="next" href="pt01.html"
title="Part I. Linux Audio Basics" /></head><body class="draft
toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe
id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This
is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe
display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a
class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site"
/></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site"
/></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li
class="previous"><a accesskey="p"
href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="pt01.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div
xml:lang="en-US" class="section" title="2. We Need
Feedback!" lang="en-US"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title"
id="id474187">2. We Need
Feedback!</h2></div></div></div><a id="id472577"
class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you find a typographical error in this manual, or if you have thought of a way to
make this manual better, we would love to hear from you! Please submit a report in
Bugzilla: <a
href="http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/">http://bugzilla....
against the product <span class="application"><strong>Fedora
Documentation.</strong></span>
</div><div class="para">
When submitting a bug report, be sure to mention the manual's identifier: <em
class="citetitle">musicians-guide</em>
diff --git
a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html
b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html
index b9f70d7..94adf39 100644
---
a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html
+++
b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta
http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
/><title>Preface</title><link rel="stylesheet"
href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link
rel="stylesheet" media="print"
href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta
name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta
name="package"
content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0"
/><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians'
Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html"
title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="prev"
href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link
rel="next" href="pr01s02.html" title="2. We Need Feedback!"
/></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div
id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe"
class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view
it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p
id="title"><a class="left"
href="http://www.fedoraproject.o
rg"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png"
alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site"
/></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li
class="previous"><a accesskey="p"
href="index.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="pr01s02.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div
xml:lang="en-US" class="preface" title="Preface"
id="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface" lang="en-US"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h1
class="title">Preface</h1></div></div></div><div
xml:lang="en-US" class="section" title="1. Document
Conventions" lang="en-US"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title"
id="id694923">1. Document
Conventions</h2></div></div></div><div
class="para">
+<html
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta
http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
/><title>Preface</title><link rel="stylesheet"
href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link
rel="stylesheet" media="print"
href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta
name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta
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title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="prev"
href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link
rel="next" href="pr01s02.html" title="2. We Need Feedback!"
/></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div
id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe"
class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view
it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p
id="title"><a class="left"
href="http://www.fedoraproject.o
rg"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png"
alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site"
/></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li
class="previous"><a accesskey="p"
href="index.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="pr01s02.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div
xml:lang="en-US" class="preface" title="Preface"
id="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface" lang="en-US"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h1
class="title">Preface</h1></div></div></div><div
xml:lang="en-US" class="section" title="1. Document
Conventions" lang="en-US"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title"
id="id628071">1. Document
Conventions</h2></div></div></div><div
class="para">
This manual uses several conventions to highlight certain words and phrases and draw
attention to specific pieces of information.
</div><div class="para">
In PDF and paper editions, this manual uses typefaces drawn from the <a
href="https://fedorahosted.org/liberation-fonts/">Liberation Fonts</a>
set. The Liberation Fonts set is also used in HTML editions if the set is installed on
your system. If not, alternative but equivalent typefaces are displayed. Note: Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 5 and later includes the Liberation Fonts set by default.
- </div><div class="section" title="1.1. Typographic
Conventions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="id588464">1.1. Typographic
Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div
class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" title="1.1. Typographic
Conventions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="id567811">1.1. Typographic
Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div
class="para">
Four typographic conventions are used to call attention to specific words and phrases.
These conventions, and the circumstances they apply to, are as follows.
</div><div class="para">
<code class="literal">Mono-spaced Bold</code>
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
Aside from standard usage for presenting the title of a work, italics denotes the
first use of a new and important term. For example:
</div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote
class="blockquote"><div class="para">
Publican is a <em class="firstterm">DocBook</em> publishing
system.
- </div></blockquote></div></div><div
class="section" title="1.2. Pull-quote Conventions"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="id566666">1.2. Pull-quote
Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div
class="para">
+ </div></blockquote></div></div><div
class="section" title="1.2. Pull-quote Conventions"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="id652423">1.2. Pull-quote
Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div
class="para">
Terminal output and source code listings are set off visually from the surrounding
text.
</div><div class="para">
Output sent to a terminal is set in <code
class="computeroutput">mono-spaced roman</code> and presented thus:
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts
svgs</pre><div cla
System.<span class="perl_Function">out</span>.<span
class="perl_Function">println</span>(<span
class="perl_String">"Echo.echo('Hello') = "</span> +
echo.<span class="perl_Function">echo</span>(<span
class="perl_String">"Hello"</span>));
}
-}</pre></div><div class="section" title="1.3. Notes and
Warnings"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="id485738">1.3. Notes and
Warnings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+}</pre></div><div class="section" title="1.3. Notes and
Warnings"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="id564039">1.3. Notes and
Warnings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Finally, we use three visual styles to draw attention to information that might
otherwise be overlooked.
</div><div class="note"><h2>Note</h2><div
class="para">
Notes are tips, shortcuts or alternative approaches to the task at hand. Ignoring a
note should have no negative consequences, but you might miss out on a trick that makes
your life easier.
diff --git
a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt01.html
b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt01.html
index 5302228..04b6405 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt01.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt01.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta
http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
/><title>Part I. Linux Audio Basics</title><link
rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css"
type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print"
href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta
name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta
name="package"
content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0"
/><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians'
Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html"
title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="prev"
href="pr01s02.html" title="2. We Need Feedback!" /><link
rel="next" href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html"
title="Chapter 1. Sound Cards and Digital Audio" /></head><body
class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv"
class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc"
src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser
or enable iframe display.</i
frame></div><p id="title"><a class="left"
href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site"
/></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site"
/></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li
class="previous"><a accesskey="p"
href="pr01s02.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div
class="part" title="Part I. Linux Audio Basics"
id="id1667230"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part I. Linux Audio
Basics</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro"
title="Linux Audio Basics"
id="id1667236"><div></div><div class="para">
+<html
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta
http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
/><title>Part I. Linux Audio Basics</title><link
rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css"
type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print"
href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta
name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta
name="package"
content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0"
/><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians'
Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html"
title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="prev"
href="pr01s02.html" title="2. We Need Feedback!" /><link
rel="next" href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html"
title="Chapter 1. Sound Cards and Digital Audio" /></head><body
class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv"
class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc"
src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser
or enable iframe display.</i
frame></div><p id="title"><a class="left"
href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site"
/></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site"
/></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li
class="previous"><a accesskey="p"
href="pr01s02.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div
class="part" title="Part I. Linux Audio Basics"
id="id1701858"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part I. Linux Audio
Basics</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro"
title="Linux Audio Basics"
id="id1701864"><div></div><div class="para">
asdf
</div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of
Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html">1. Sound Cards and Digital
Audio</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Sound_Cards_Are">1.1.
Types of Sound
Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audio_Interfaces">1.1.1.
Audio Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-MIDI_Interfaces">1.1.2.
MIDI Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections.html">1.2. Sound Card
Connections</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Motherboard_Integrated">1.2.1.
Integrated into the Motherboard</a></span></dt><dt>
<span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-PCI_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.2. Internal PCI
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FireWire_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.3. External
FireWire Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-USB_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.4. External USB
Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Choose_Sound_Card_Connection.html">1.2.5. Choosing
a Connection
Type</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format.html">1.3. Sample,
Sample Rate, Sample Format, and Bit
Rate</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample">1.3.1.
Sample</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Format.html">1.3.2. Sample
Format</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a hr
ef="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate.html">1.3.3. Sample
Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_Rate.html">1.3.4. Bit
Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_and_Sample_Rate_Conclusions.html">1.3.5.
Conclusions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary.html">1.4. Other Digital Audio
Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-MIDI_Sequencer">1.4.1.
MIDI Sequencer</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Bus.html">1.4.2. Busses, Master Bus,
and Sub-Master Bus</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Level.html">1.4.3. Level
(Volume/Loudness)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Panning_and_Balance.html">1.4.4.
Panning and Balance</a
</span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Time.html">1.4.5. Time, Timeline, and
Time-Shifting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Synchronization.html">1.4.6.
Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Routing_and_Multiplexing.html">1.4.7.
Routing and Multiplexing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Multichannel_Audio.html">1.4.8. Multichannel
Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware.html">2. Software
for Sound Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-ALSA">2.1.
How Linux Deals with Audio Hardware</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section.html">2.2. So
und
Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-PulseAudio">2.2.1.
PulseAudio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-JACK.html">2.2.2. <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection
Kit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon.html">2.2.3.
Phonon</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html">2.3. Using the <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection
Kit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1.
Installing and Configuring <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html">2.3.2. Using <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl
</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK.html">2.3.3.
Integrating <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> with <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html">3. Real-Time and
Low Latency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1.
Why Low Latency Is Desirable</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Processor_Scheduling.html">3.2. Processor
Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_Linux_Kernel.html">3.3. The Real-Time
Linux Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Hard_and_Soft_Real_Time.html">3.4. Hard and Soft
Real-Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><
a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Getting_Real_Time_Kernel_in_Fedora.html">3.5.
Getting a Real-Time Kernel in Fedora
Linux</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CCRMA_at_Home.html">4. Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CCRMA_at_Home.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Is_Planet_CCRMA">4.1.
About Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA.html">4.2.
Deciding Whether to Use Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Need_Exclusive_Software">4.2.1.
Exclusive Software</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Security_and_Stability.html">4.2.2. Security
and Stability</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicia
ns_Guide-CCRMA_Best_Practices.html">4.2.3. A Possible "Best Practices"
Solution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software.html">4.3. Using
Software from Planet CCRMA at
Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository">4.3.1.
Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home
Repositories</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Repository_Priorities.html">4.3.2. Set
Repository Priorities</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Preventing_Package_Updates.html">4.3.3.
Prevent a Package from Being
Updated</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul
class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a
accesskey="p"
href="pr01s02.html"><strong>Prev</strong>2. We Need
Feedback!</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u"
href="#"><strong>Up<
/strong></a></li><li class="home"><a
accesskey="h"
href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 1. Sound
Cards and Digital Audio</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git
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--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt02.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta
http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
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id="id421767"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
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class="partintro" title="Audio and Music Software"
id="id421773"><div></div><div class="para">
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/><title>Part II. Audio and Music Software</title><link
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/></a><a class="right"
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src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site"
/></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li
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class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div
class="part" title="Part II. Audio and Music Software"
id="id823510"><div class="titlepage"><div><div
text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part II. Audio and
Music Software</h1></div></div></div><div
class="partintro" title="Audio and Music Software"
id="id823517"><div></div><div class="para">
asdf
</div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of
Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html">5.
Audacity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Knowing_When_to_Use">5.1.
Kowing When to Use Audacity</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation.html">5.2.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Software_Requirements">5.2.1.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Hardware_Requirements.html">5.2.2.
Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation.html">5.2.3. Standard
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a hre
f="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation_with_RPM_Fusion.html">5.2.4.
Installation with MP3 Support</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Playback.html">5.2.5.
Post-Installation Test: Playback</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Recording.html">5.2.6.
Post-Installation Test:
Recording</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration.html">5.3.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-First_Use">5.3.1.
When You Run Audacity for the First
Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Configure_to_Use_Your_Hardware.html">5.3.2.
Configuring Audacity for Your Sound
Card</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Setting_Sample_Rate_and_Fo
rmat.html">5.3.3. Setting the Project's Sample Rate and
Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Interface.html">5.4. The
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording.html">5.5.
Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Start_to_Record">5.5.1.
Start to Record</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Continuing_to_Record.html">5.5.2.
Continue to
Record</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial.html">5.6. Creating a New Login
Sound (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Files">5.6.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="sectio
n"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Scenario.html">5.6.2.
Scenario</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Aligning_Tracks.html">5.6.3.
Align Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Stretching_Tracks.html">5.6.4.
Stretching Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Adjust_Volume_Level.html">5.6.5.
Adjust the Volume Level</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Remove_Noise.html">5.6.6. Remove
Noise</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Fade_Out.html">5.6.7. Fade In or
Out</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Removing_Audio.html">5.6.8.
Remove Some Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Repeating_a_Se
gment.html">5.6.9. Repeat an Already-Recorded
Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Using_the_Phaser.html">5.6.10.
Add a Special Effect (the Phaser)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Conclusion.html">5.6.11.
Conclusion</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export.html">5.7. Save and
Export</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_Part_of_a_File">5.7.1.
Export Part of a File</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_a_Whole_File.html">5.7.2.
Export a Whole
File</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations.html">6. Digital Audio
Workstations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class=
"section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Which_DAW_to_Use">6.1.
Knowing Which DAW to Use</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recording.html">6.2. Stages of
Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recording.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Recording">6.2.1.
Recording</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Mixing.html">6.2.2.
Mixing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Mastering.html">6.2.3.
Mastering</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Record_Mix_Master_More_Info.html">6.2.4. More
Information</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Vocabulary.html">6.3. Interface
Vocabulary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Voc
abulary.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session">6.3.1.
Session</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_and_Multitrack.html">6.3.2. Track and
Multitrack</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Region_Clip_Segment.html">6.3.3. Region, Clip, or
Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Session_Track_Region.html">6.3.4. Relationship of
Session, Track, and Region</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Transport_and_Playhead.html">6.3.5. Transport and
Playhead</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Automation.html">6.3.6.
Automation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface.html">6.4. User
Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Messages_Pane">6.4.1.
"Messages" Pane</a><
/span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Clock.html">6.4.2.
Clock</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Info_Pane.html">6.4.3. "Track
Info" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Pane.html">6.4.4. "Track"
Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Transport_Controls.html">6.4.5. Transport
Controls</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html">7.
Ardour</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Requirements_and_Installation">7.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Knowledge_Requirements">7.1.1.
Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guid
e-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Software_Requirements">7.1.2. Software
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Hardware_Requirements">7.1.3.
Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Installation">7.1.4.
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session.html">7.2. Recording a
Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Running_Ardour">7.2.1.
Running <span
class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Interface.html">7.2.2. The
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recordin
g-Setting_up_the_Timeline.html">7.2.3. Setting up the
Timeline</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Connecting_Audio_Sources.html">7.2.4.
Connecting Audio Sources to <span
class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_Busses_and_Tracks.html">7.2.5.
Setting up the Busses and Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Adjusting_Recording_Level.html">7.2.6.
Adjusting Recording Level (Volume)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_a_Region.html">7.2.7.
Recording a Region</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_More.html">7.2.8.
Recording More</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Routing_Audio.html">7.2.9. Routi
ng Audio and Managing <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>
Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Importing_Existing_Audio.html">7.2.10.
Importing Existing
Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Tutorial_Files.html">7.3. Files for the
Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing.html">7.4. Editing a Song
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.1.
Add Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Connect_Tracks_and_Busses.html">7.4.2.
Connect the Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Edit_Groups.html">7.4.3. Creating
Edit Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="
section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Regions_to_Tracks.html">7.4.4.
Add Regions to Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Cut_Regions_Down_to_Size.html">7.4.5.
Cut the Regions Down to Size</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Compare_Multiple_Recordings.html">7.4.6.
Compare Multiple Recordings of the Same
Thing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Arrange.html">7.4.7. Arrange
Regions into the Right Places</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Listen.html">7.4.8.
Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing.html">7.5. Mixing a Song
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Enabling_Stereo_Output">7.5.1.
Setting the Session for Stereo Output and Disabling Edit
Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Levels.html">7.5.2. Set
Initial Levels</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Panning.html">7.5.3. Set
Initial Panning</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Automation_Tracks.html">7.5.4. Make
Further Adjustments with an Automation
Track</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Other_Things.html">7.5.5. Other
Things You Might Want to Do</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Listen.html">7.5.6.
Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering.html">7.6. Mastering a
Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering.ht
ml#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Ways_to_Export">7.6.1. Ways to Export
Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Using_Export_Window.html">7.6.2.
Using the Export
Window</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html">8.
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Requirements_and_Installation">8.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Knowledge_Requirements">8.1.1.
Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Software_Requirements">8.1.2.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qt
ractor-Hardware_Requirements">8.1.3. Hardware
Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Other_Requirements">8.1.4.
Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Installation">8.1.5.
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration.html">8.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-Audio_Tab">8.2.1.
Audio Options</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Tab.html">8.2.2. MIDI
Options</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Channel_Names.html">8.2.3.
Configuring MIDI Channel Names</a></span></dt></dl></
dd><dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using.html">8.3. Using
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Blue_Place_Markers">8.3.1.
Using the Blue Place-Markers</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-MIDI_Tools.html">8.3.2. Using the
MIDI Matrix Editor's Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-JACK.html">8.3.3. Using JACK with
Qtractor</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Exporting_Audio_and_MIDI_Together.html">8.3.4.
Exporting a Whole File (Audio and MIDI
Together)</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Tips.html">8.3.5. Miscellaneous
Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial.html">8.4. Creatin
g a MIDI Composition
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Inspiration">8.4.1.
Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Requirements.html">8.4.2. Files
for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Getting_Qtractor_Ready.html">8.4.3.
Getting Qtractor Ready</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Import_the_Audio_File.html">8.4.4.
Import the Audio File</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Marking_the_First_Formal_Area.html">8.4.5.
Marking the First Formal Area</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Creating_our_Theme.html">8.4.6.
Creating our Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="
sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Repeat_the_Theme.html">8.4.7. Repeat the
Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Compose_the_Next_Part.html">8.4.8.
Compose the Next Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_52_to_75.html">8.4.9.
Qtractor's Measures 52 to 75</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_75_to_97.html">8.4.10.
Qtractor's Measures 75 to 97</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measure_97.html">8.4.11.
Qtractor's Measure 97</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_98_to_119.html">8.4.12.
Qtractor's Measures 98 to 119</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_119_to_139.html">8.4.13.
Qtractor's Measures 119 to 139</a></span></dt><
dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_139_to_158.html">8.4.14.
Qtractor's Measures 139 to 158</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_158_to_176.html">8.4.15.
Qtractor's Measures 158 to 176</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_177_to_the_End.html">8.4.16.
Qtractor's Measures 177 to the
End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html">9.
Rosegarden</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Requirements_and_Installation">9.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Knowledge_Requirements">9.1.1.
Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section
"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Software_Requirements">9.1.2.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Hardware_Requirements">9.1.3.
Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Other_Requirements">9.1.4.
Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Installation">9.1.5.
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration.html">9.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-JACK_and_Qsynth">9.2.1.
Setup <span class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></spa
n> and <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-Rosegarden.html">9.2.2.
Setup <span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden_and_LilyPond.html">9.3. <span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> and
LilyPond</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial.html">9.4. Write a Song in
<span
class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span>
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Bass_Line">9.4.1.
Start the Score with a Bass Line</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Percussion_Track.html">9.4.2.
Add a Percussion Track</a></span></dt><dt
<span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Spice_up_the_Percussion.html">9.4.3.
Spice up the Percussion</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Melody.html">9.4.4. Add a
Melody</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Ways_to_Continue.html">9.4.5.
Possible Ways to
Continue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html">10.
FluidSynth</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-SoundFont_Technology_and_MIDI">10.1.
SoundFont Technology and
MIDI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-How_to_Get_a_SoundFont">10.1.1.
How to Get a SoundFont</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.htm
l#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Terms">10.1.2. MIDI Instruments, Banks,
Programs, and Patches</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Channels">10.1.3.
MIDI Channels</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_Installation.html">10.2.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_Installation.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">10.2.1.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation.html">10.2.2.
Thare Are Two Ways to Install <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_with_Qsynth.html">10.2.3
. Installation with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_without_Qsynth.html">10.2.4.
Installation without <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst.html">10.2.5. Installation
of SoundFont
Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-In_a_Terminal.html">10.3. Using
<span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> in a
Terminal</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring.html">10.4. Configuring
<span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Starting_FluidSynth">10.4.1.
St
arting <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-SoundFont.html">10.4.2.
SoundFont Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-JACK_Output.html">10.4.3.
<span class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span>
Output Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-MIDI_Input.html">10.4.4.
MIDI Input Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Viewing_all_Settings.html">10.4.5.
Viewing all <span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span>
Settings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels.html">10.5.
Assigning Programs to Channels with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span><
/a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Changing_Number_of_Input_Channels">10.5.1.
Changing the Number of MIDI Input
Channels</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Saving_and_Reusing_Channel_Assignments.html">10.5.2.
Saving and Reusing Channel
Assignments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Reverb_and_Chorus.html">10.6. Using
Reverb and Chorus with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Multiple_Instances.html">10.7. Multiple
<span
class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span>
Instances with <span
class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html">11. <sp
an
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Requirements_and_Installation">11.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Knowledge">11.1.1.
Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">11.1.2.
Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Hardware_Requirements">11.1.3.
Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-SC-Req_and_Inst-Available_Packages">11.1.4.
Available <span class="application"><strong>
SuperCollider</strong></span>
Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Recommended_Installation">11.1.5.
Recommended
Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit.html">11.2. Using <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> to Write
and Run <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Enable_and_Configure_SCEd">11.2.1.
Enable and Configure SCEd in <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Start_a_Server.html">11.2.2. Enable
<span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span>
Mode and Start a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section
"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Executing_Code.html">11.2.3.
Executing Code in <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Other_Tips.html">11.2.4. Other Tips
for Using <span
class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> with
<span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming.html">11.3. Basic
Programming in <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-First_Steps">11.3.1.
First Steps</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Variables_and_Functions.html">11.3.2.
Variables and Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Object_Oriented.html">11.3.3.
Object-Oriented <span
class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Sound_Making_Functions.html">11.3.4.
Sound-Making Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Multichannel_Audio.html">11.3.5.
Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Collections.html">11.3.6.
Collections</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Repeating.html">11.3.7.
Repeated Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Conditional_Execution.html">11.3.8.
Conditional Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Combining_a
nd_Mix.html">11.3.9. Combining Audio; the Mix
Class</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-SynthDef_and_Synth.html">11.3.10.
SynthDef and Synth</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Busses.html">11.3.11.
Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Ordering_and_Other_Features.html">11.3.12.
Ordering and Other Synth Features</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Scheduling.html">11.3.13.
Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Getting_Help.html">11.3.14.
How to Get Help</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Legal_Attribution.html">11.3.15.
Legal
Attribution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider
-Composing.html">11.4. Composing with
SuperCollider</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Composing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Tutorial_Files">11.4.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Inspiration.html">11.4.2.
Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_First_Part.html">11.4.3.
Designing the First Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_Second_Part.html">11.4.4.
Designing the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Creating_Ten_Pseudo-Random-Tones.html">11.4.5.
Creating Ten Pseudo-Random Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Scheduling_the_Tones.html">11.4.6.
Scheduling the Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Optimizing_the_Code.html">11.4.7.
Optimizing the Code</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Making_a_Useful_Function_Out_of_the_Second_Part.html">11.4.8.
Making a Useful Section out of the Second
Part</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Joining_the_Two_Parts.html">11.4.9.
Joining the Two
Parts</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting.html">11.5. Exporting
Sound Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Non_Real_Time_Synthesis">11.5.1.
Non-Real-Time Synthesis</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Recording_SuperColliders_Output.html">11.5.2.
Recording SuperCollider's Output
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
cla
ss="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond.html">12. <span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-How_LilyPond_Works">12.1.
How <span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Works</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-The_LilyPond_Approach.html">12.2. The
<span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Approach</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Installation.html">12.3. Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax.html">12.4. <span
class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span>
Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Letters_Are_Pitches">12.4.1
. Letters Are Pitches</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Numbers_Are_Durations.html">12.4.2.
Numbers Are Durations</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Articulations.html">12.4.3.
Articulations</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Simultaneity.html">12.4.4.
Simultaneity</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Chords.html">12.4.5.
Chords</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Commands.html">12.4.6.
Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Source_Files.html">12.4.7. Source
Files and Their Formatting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Avoiding_Errors.html">12.4.8.
Avoiding Errors</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section">
<a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint.html">12.5. Working
on a Counterpoint Exercise
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Tutorial_Files">12.5.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Starting_the_Score.html">12.5.2.
Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.5.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Inputting.html">12.5.4.
Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Formatting_the_Score.html">12.5.5.
Formatting the
Score</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orch
estra.html">12.6. Working on an Orchestral Score
(Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Tutorial_Files">12.6.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Starting_the_Score.html">12.6.2.
Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.6.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Inputting.html">12.6.4.
Inputting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano.html">12.7. Working on a Piano
Score (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Tutorial_Files">12.7.1.
Files
for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Starting_the_Score.html">12.7.2.
Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.7.3.
Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Inputting.html">12.7.4.
Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Troubleshooting_Errors.html">12.7.5.
Troubleshooting Errors</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Formatting.html">12.7.6. Formatting
the Score (Piano
Dynamics)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi.html">13.
Frescobaldi</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Mak
es_LilyPond_Easier">13.1. Frescobaldi Makes LilyPond
Easier</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Installation.html">13.2. Requirements
and Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Configuration.html">13.3.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Using.html">13.4. Using
Frescobaldi</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="chapter"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html">14. GNU
Solfege</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Requirements_and_Installation">14.1.
Requirements and
Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hardware_and_Software_Requirements">14.1.1.
Hardware and Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="chap-Mus
icians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Other_Requirements">14.1.2.
Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install">14.1.3.
Required Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_Csound">14.1.4.
Optional Installation: Csound</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_MMA">14.1.5.
Optional Installation:
MMA</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration.html">14.2.
Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-First_Time">14.2.1.
When You Run Solfege for the First
Time</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guid
e-Solfege-Configuration-Instruments.html">14.2.2.
Instruments</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-External_Programs.html">14.2.3.
External Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Interface.html">14.2.4.
Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Practise.html">14.2.5.
Practise</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Sound_Setup.html">14.2.6.
Sound Setup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training.html">14.3. Training
Yourself</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Aural_Skilla_and_Musical_Sensibility">14.3.1.
Aural Skills and Musical Sensibility</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="s
ect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Exercise_Types.html">14.3.2. Exercise
Types</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Making_an_Aural_Skills_Program.html">14.3.3.
Making an Aural Skills Program</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References.html">14.3.4.
Supplementary
References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises.html">14.4. Using the
Exercises</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Listening_Exercises">14.4.1.
Listening</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Singing_Exercises.html">14.4.2.
Singing</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Configure_Yourself_Exericses.html">14.4.3.
Configure Yourself</a></span></dt><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Rhythm_Exercises.html">14.4.4.
Rhythm</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Dictation_Exercises.html">14.4.5.
Dictation</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Harmonic_Progressions.html">14.4.6.
Harmonic Progressions</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Intonation.html">14.4.7.
Intonation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul
class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a
accesskey="p"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Preventing_Package_Updates.html"><strong>Prev</strong>4.3.3. Prevent
a Package from Being Updated</a></li><li class="up"><a
accesskey="u"
href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li
class="home"><a accesskey="h"
href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 5. Audacity
</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git
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index b0fadaf..cefc8c4 100644
---
a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK.html
+++
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@@ -1,37 +1,34 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta
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/><title>2.3.3. Integrating PulseAudio with JACK</title><link
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/><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians'
Guide" /><link rel="up"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html" title="2.3. Using the JACK
Audio Connection Kit" /><link rel="prev"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html" title="2.3.2. Using
QjackCtl" /><link rel="next"
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title="Chapter 3. Real-Time and Low Latency" /></head><body
class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv"
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class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img
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/></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site"
/></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li
class="previous"><a accesskey="p"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
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href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div
class="section" title="2.3.3. Integrating PulseAudio with JACK"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK">2.3.3. Integrating
<code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</co
de> with <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code></h3></div></div></div><div
class="para">
- The default configuration of <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> yields control of the audio
equipment to <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> when the <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> server starts. <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> will not be able to receive input
or send output of any audio signals on the audio interface used by <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code>. This is fine for occasional users of
<code class="systemitem">JACK</code>, but many users will want to
use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> and <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> simultaneously, or switch between
the two frequently. The following instructions will configure <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> so that its input and output is
routed through <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>.
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li
class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Use PackageKit or KPackageKit to install the <span
class="package">pulseaudio-module-jack</span> package.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Approve the installation and ensure that it is carried out properly.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- You'll need to edit the <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> configuration file to use the
<code class="systemitem">JACK</code> module.
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li
class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Be careful! You will be editing an important system file as the root user!
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Run the following command in a terminal: <code
class="command">sudo -c 'gedit /etc/pulse/default.pa'</code>
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Add the following lines, underneath the line that says [code]#load-module
module-alsa-sink[/code]:
+ The default configuration of <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> yields control of the audio
equipment to <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> when the <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> server starts. <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> will not be able to receive input
or send output of any audio signals on the audio interface used by <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code>. This is fine for occasional users of
<code class="systemitem">JACK</code>, but many users will want to
use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> and <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> simultaneously, or switch between
the two frequently. The following instructions will configure <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> so that its input and output is
routed through <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>.
+ </div><div class="procedure"><ol
class="1"><li class="step" title="Step 1"><div
class="para">
+ Use PackageKit or KPackageKit to install the <span
class="package">pulseaudio-module-jack</span> package.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
2"><div class="para">
+ Approve the installation and ensure that it is carried out properly.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
3"><div class="para">
+ You'll need to edit the <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> configuration file to use the
<code class="systemitem">JACK</code> module.
+ </div><ol class="a"><li class="step"
title="Step 3.a"><div class="para">
+ Be careful! You will be editing an important system file as the root user!
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
3.b"><div class="para">
+ Run the following command in a terminal: <code
class="command">sudo -c 'gedit /etc/pulse/default.pa'</code>
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
3.c"><div class="para">
+ Add the following lines, underneath the line that says [code]#load-module
module-alsa-sink[/code]:
<pre class="programlisting">
load-module module-jack-sink
load-module module-jack-source
</pre>
- </div></li></ol></div>
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Restart <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> by
running the following command in a terminal: <code class="command">killall
pulseaudio</code> <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code>
restarts automatically.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Confirm that this has worked by opening <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>. The
display should confirm that <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> is
"Active".
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- In the "Connect" window, on the "Audio" tab, there should be
<code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> devices on each side, and
they should be connected to "system" devices on the opposite sides.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Open <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>'s
"Setup" window, then click on the "Options" tab. Uncheck "Execute
script after Shutdown: killall jackd". If you did not make this change, then <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> would
stop the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server from running
every time the program quits. Since <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> is still expecting to use <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> after that, you shouldn't do this
any more.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- When <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> starts
<code class="systemitem">JACK</code>, it uses the command found in
the <code class="filename">~/.jackdrc</code> file. <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>
automatically updates this file when you change settings, but you may have to restart both
<code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> and <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> in order to get the new changes to take
effect. If they refuse to take effect, you can edit that file yourself.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Be careful about using a very high sample rate with <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code>, since it will tend to use a lot
of CPU power.
- </div></li></ol></div>
-
- </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li
class="previous"><a accesskey="p"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html"><strong>Prev</strong>2.3.2. Using
QjackCtl</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u"
href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li
class="home"><a accesskey="h"
href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 3. Real-Time
and Low Latency</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></li></ol></li><li class="step"
title="Step 4"><div class="para">
+ Restart <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> by running
the following command in a terminal: <code class="command">killall
pulseaudio</code> <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code>
restarts automatically.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
5"><div class="para">
+ Confirm that this has worked by opening <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>. The
display should confirm that <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> is
"Active".
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
6"><div class="para">
+ In the "Connect" window, on the "Audio" tab, there should be
<code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> devices on each side, and
they should be connected to "system" devices on the opposite sides.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
7"><div class="para">
+ Open <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>'s
"Setup" window, then click on the "Options" tab. Uncheck "Execute
script after Shutdown: killall jackd". If you did not make this change, then <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> would
stop the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server from running
every time the program quits. Since <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> is still expecting to use <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> after that, you shouldn't do this
any more.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
8"><div class="para">
+ When <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> starts
<code class="systemitem">JACK</code>, it uses the command found in
the <code class="filename">~/.jackdrc</code> file. <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>
automatically updates this file when you change settings, but you may have to restart both
<code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> and <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> in order to get the new changes to take
effect. If they refuse to take effect, you can edit that file yourself.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
9"><div class="para">
+ Be careful about using a very high sample rate with <code
class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code>, since it will tend to use a lot
of CPU power.
+ </div></li></ol></div></div><ul
class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a
accesskey="p"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html"><strong>Prev</strong>2.3.2. Using
QjackCtl</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u"
href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li
class="home"><a accesskey="h"
href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 3. Real-Time
and Low Latency</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git
a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References.html
b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References.html
index a61b358..9051437 100644
---
a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References.html
+++
b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References.html
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
When you practise sight-singing from any book, we recommend hearing the tonic pitch
from a fixed-pitch instrument (like a piano or keyboard synthesizer) before you sing an
excerpt. With the tonic pitch in your mind, and without singing aloud, find the starting
note of the excerpt, and sing the excerpt <span
class="emphasis"><em>in your mind</em></span> several
times, until you are sure that you are singing the excerpt correctly. When you have the
melody in your mind, sing the excerpt out loud, as many times as you need to be sure that
you are singing it correctly. Only <span
class="emphasis"><em>after</em></span> you sing the excerpt
perfectly should you play it on a fixed-pitch instrument to confirm that you are correct.
</div><div class="para">
You should build your ear with as little help from external sources (pianos, and so
on) as possible. A significant amount of research shows that this gives you a more
flexible musical mind, and that, while the initial learning curve is very steep, you will
ultimately be able to learn new concepts faster.
- </div><div class="bibliography" title="Aural Skills
Books" id="id544450"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h4
class="title">Aural Skills
Books</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"
title="Eyes and Ears: an Anthology of Melodies for
Sight-Singing"><p><span class="author"><span
class="firstname">Ben</span> <span
class="surname">Crowell</span>. </span><span
class="title"><i>Eyes and Ears: an Anthology of Melodies for
Sight-Singing</i>. </span><span class="date">2004.
</span><span class="publisher"><span
class="publishername">
+ </div><div class="bibliography" title="Aural Skills
Books" id="id613222"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h4
class="title">Aural Skills
Books</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry"
title="Eyes and Ears: an Anthology of Melodies for
Sight-Singing"><p><span class="author"><span
class="firstname">Ben</span> <span
class="surname">Crowell</span>. </span><span
class="title"><i>Eyes and Ears: an Anthology of Melodies for
Sight-Singing</i>. </span><span class="date">2004.
</span><span class="publisher"><span
class="publishername">
Ben Crowell
. </span><span class="address">
<span class="otheraddr"><a
href="http://www.lightandmatter.com/sight/sight.html">http:/...
diff --git
a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html
b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html
index ad60cc3..5c457c9 100644
---
a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html
+++
b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html
@@ -1,51 +1,29 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta
http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
/><title>2.3. Using the JACK Audio Connection Kit</title><link
rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css"
type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print"
href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta
name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta
name="package"
content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0"
/><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians'
Guide" /><link rel="up"
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware.html"
title="Chapter 2. Software for Sound Cards" /><link rel="prev"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon.html"
title="2.2.3. Phonon" /><link rel="next"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html" title="2.3.2. Using
QjackCtl" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div
id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe"
class="toc" src="../../../
../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe
display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a
class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site"
/></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site"
/></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li
class="previous"><a accesskey="p"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div
class="section" title="2.3. Using the JACK Audio Connection Kit"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK">2.3. Using the <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection
Kit</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"
title="2.3.1. Installing and Configuring JACK"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and
Configuring <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code></h3></div></div></div><div
class="para">
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li
class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Ensure that you have installed the Planet CCRMA at Home repositories. For
instructions, refer to <a class="xref"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository"
title="4.3.1. Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home
Repositories">Section 4.3.1, “Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home
Repositories”</a>.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Use <span
class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> or
<span
class="application"><strong>KPackageKit</strong></span> to
install the <span class="package">jack-audio-connection-kit</span>
and <span class="package">qjackctl</span> packages.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Review and approve the installation, making sure that it completes correctly.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Run <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> from
the KMenu or the Applications menu.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- To start the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server,
press the 'Start' button; to stop it, press the 'Stop' button.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Use the 'Messages' button to see messages, which are usually errors or
warnings.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Use the 'Status' button to see various statistics about the
currently-running server.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Use the 'Connections' button to see and adjust the connections between
applications and audio hardware.
- </div></li></ol></div>
-
- </div><div class="para">
- <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> will operate without
following this procedure, but users are strongly encouraged to follow these three steps,
for security reasons. They will help to allow optimal performance of the <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> sound server, while greatly reducing the
risk that an application or user will accidentally or malicious take advantage of the
capability.
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li
class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Add all of the users who will use <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> to the <code
class="literal">audio</code> group. For instructions to add users to
groups, see Chapter 22, <em class="citetitle">Users and Groups</em>
of the <em class="citetitle">Fedora Deployment Guide</em>, available
at <a
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org">http://docs.fedoraproject.org</a>.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- The default installation automatically enables real-time priority to be requested
by any user or process. This is undesirable, so we will edit it.
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li
class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Open a terminal, and run the following command: <code
class="command">sudo -c 'gedit
/etc/security/limits.conf'</code>
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Be careful! You're editing this important system file as the root user!
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div
class="para">
- Edit the last lines, so that they read:
-<pre class="programlisting">
-@audio - rtprio 99
-@audio - memlock 4194304
-@audio - nice -10
-</pre>
-
- </div></li></ol></div>
- </div></li></ol></div>
-
- </div><div class="para">
- With the default configuration of <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>, it
chooses the "default" sound card, which actually goes through the ALSA sound
server. We can avoid this, and use the ALSA drivers without the sound server, which will
help <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> to maintain accurately low
latencies. The following procedure configures <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> to connect to the ALSA driver directly.
+<html
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta
http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
/><title>2.3. Using the JACK Audio Connection Kit</title><link
rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css"
type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print"
href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta
name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta
name="package"
content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0"
/><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians'
Guide" /><link rel="up"
href="chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware.html"
title="Chapter 2. Software for Sound Cards" /><link rel="prev"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon.html"
title="2.2.3. Phonon" /><link rel="next"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html" title="2.3.2. Using
QjackCtl" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div
id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe"
class="toc" src="../../../
../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe
display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a
class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site"
/></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site"
/></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li
class="previous"><a accesskey="p"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div
class="section" title="2.3. Using the JACK Audio Connection Kit"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK">2.3. Using the <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection
Kit</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"
title="2.3.1. Installing and Configuring JACK"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div
keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title"
id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and
Configuring <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code></h3></div></div></div><div
class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"
title="Step 1"><div class="para">
+ Ensure that you have installed the Planet CCRMA at Home repositories. For
instructions, refer to <a class="xref"
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository"
title="4.3.1. Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home
Repositories">Section 4.3.1, “Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home
Repositories”</a>.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
2"><div class="para">
+ Use <span
class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> or
<span
class="application"><strong>KPackageKit</strong></span> to
install the <span class="package">jack-audio-connection-kit</span>
and <span class="package">qjackctl</span> packages.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
3"><div class="para">
+ Review and approve the installation, making sure that it completes correctly.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
4"><div class="para">
+ Run <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> from
the KMenu or the Applications menu.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
5"><div class="para">
+ To start the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server,
click <span
class="guibutton"><strong>Start</strong></span>. To stop
the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server, click <span
class="guibutton"><strong>Stop</strong></span>.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
6"><div class="para">
+ Click <span
class="guibutton"><strong>Messages</strong></span> to see
messages, which are usually errors or warnings.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
7"><div class="para">
+ Click <span
class="guibutton"><strong>Status</strong></span> to see
various statistics about the currently-running server.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step
8"><div class="para">
+ Click <span
class="guibutton"><strong>Connections</strong></span>
button to see and adjust the connections between applications and audio hardware.
+ </div></li></ol></div><div
class="important"><h2>Important</h2><div
class="para">
+ <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> operates with special
real-time privileges. You must add all users to the <code
class="systemitem">jackuser</code> and <code
class="systemitem">pulse-rt</code> groups so they can use <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code>. For instructions to add users to
groups, see Chapter 22, <em class="citetitle">Users and Groups</em>
of the <em class="citetitle">Fedora Deployment Guide</em>, available
at <a
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org">http://docs.fedoraproject.org</a>.
Do not add users to these groups if they will not use <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code>.
+ </div></div><div class="para">
+ With the default configuration of <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>, it
chooses the "default" sound card, which actually goes through the <code
class="systemitem">ALSA</code> sound server. We can avoid this, and use
the <code class="systemitem">ALSA</code> drivers without the sound
server, which will help <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> to
maintain accurately low latencies. The following procedure configures <code
class="systemitem">JACK</code> to connect to the <code
class="systemitem">ALSA</code> driver directly.
</div><div class="procedure"><ol
class="1"><li class="step" title="Step 1"><div
class="para">
- Open a terminal. In GNOME, click on 'Applications > System >
Terminal'. In KDE, click on the application launcher, then 'System >
Konsole'.
+ Open a terminal. In GNOME, choose <span
class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> →
<span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System</strong></span>
→ <span
class="guimenuitem"><strong>Terminal</strong></span>. In
KDE, click on the application launcher, then choose <span
class="guimenu"><strong>System</strong></span> → <span
class="guimenuitem"><strong>Konsole</strong></span>.
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step
2"><div class="para">
- Execute this command: "cat /proc/asound/cards".
+ Execute this command: <code class="command">cat
/proc/asound/cards</code>
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step
3"><div class="para">
The <span
class="application"><strong>cat</strong></span> program
outputs a list of sound cards in your computer, which looks similar to this list:
<pre class="programlisting">
@@ -60,7 +38,7 @@
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step
5"><div class="para">
Start <span
class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>.
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step
6"><div class="para">
- Open the "Setup" window by clicking 'Setup'.
+ Click <span
class="guibutton"><strong>Setup</strong></span> to open the
"Setup" window.
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step
7"><div class="para">
In the 'Interface' text box, type the name of your preferred sound card
with "hw:" in front. With the sound cards listed above, you might write <code
class="literal">hw:MobilePre</code>.
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step
8"><div class="para">
diff --git
a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Musicians_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Musicians_Guide-en-US.pdf
b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Musicians_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Musicians_Guide-en-US.pdf
index d9d975d..49e8dc4 100644
Binary files
a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Musicians_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Musicians_Guide-en-US.pdf
and
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differ
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/toc.html b/public_html/en-US/toc.html
index 97dd6e5..9570676 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/toc.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/toc.html
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
<a class="type"
href="./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html"
onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return
false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type"
href="./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf"
onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return
false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type"
href="./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf"
onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return
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@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@
<a class="type"
href="./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html"
onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return
false;">html-single</a>
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onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return
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false;">pdf</a>
</div>
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@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@
<a class="type"
href="./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html"
onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html';return
false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type"
href="./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf"
onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return
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+ <a class="type"
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@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@
<a class="type"
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onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html';return
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- <a class="type"
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onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return
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+ <a class="type"
href="./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf"
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diff --git a/public_html/es-ES/toc.html b/public_html/es-ES/toc.html
index 349eb37..849d61c 100644
--- a/public_html/es-ES/toc.html
+++ b/public_html/es-ES/toc.html
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
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onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-es-ES.pdf';return
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+ <a class="type"
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false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type"
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onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-es-ES.pdf';return
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index 73cb822..8751fa7 100644
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@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
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diff --git a/public_html/zh-CN/toc.html b/public_html/zh-CN/toc.html
index c0e9348..de83923 100644
--- a/public_html/zh-CN/toc.html
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diff --git a/public_html/zh-TW/toc.html b/public_html/zh-TW/toc.html
index 09714a7..eef9623 100644
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@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@
<a class="type"
href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html"
onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html';return
false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type"
href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf"
onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return
false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type"
href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf"
onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return
false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@
<a class="type"
href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html"
onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html';return
false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type"
href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf"
onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return
false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type"
href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf"
onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return
false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>