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commit 188c674de2fc26d164719cfd433315841e885486
Author: Petr Kovar <pkovar(a)redhat.com>
Date: Fri Jun 24 16:08:48 2016 +0200
Publish SAG
fedoradocs.db | Bin 1148928 -> 1148928 bytes
public_html/Sitemap | 72 +-
.../opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml | 2 +-
public_html/as-IN/opds-Fedora.xml | 4 +-
.../opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml | 2 +-
public_html/as-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml | 2 +-
.../as-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml | 2 +-
public_html/as-IN/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml | 2 +-
public_html/as-IN/opds.xml | 14 +-
public_html/as-IN/toc.html | 22 +-
.../opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml | 2 +-
public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora.xml | 4 +-
.../opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml | 2 +-
public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Core.xml | 2 +-
.../bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml | 2 +-
public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml | 2 +-
public_html/bg-BG/opds.xml | 14 +-
public_html/bg-BG/toc.html | 22 +-
.../opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml | 2 +-
public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora.xml | 4 +-
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public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml | 2 +-
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public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml | 2 +-
public_html/bn-IN/opds.xml | 14 +-
public_html/bn-IN/toc.html | 22 +-
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public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora.xml | 4 +-
.../opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml | 2 +-
public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Core.xml | 2 +-
.../bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml | 2 +-
public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml | 2 +-
public_html/bs-BA/opds.xml | 14 +-
public_html/bs-BA/toc.html | 22 +-
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public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora.xml | 4 +-
.../opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml | 2 +-
public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Core.xml | 2 +-
.../ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml | 2 +-
public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml | 2 +-
public_html/ca-ES/opds.xml | 14 +-
public_html/ca-ES/toc.html | 22 +-
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public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora.xml | 4 +-
.../opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml | 2 +-
public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Core.xml | 2 +-
.../cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml | 2 +-
public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml | 2 +-
public_html/cs-CZ/opds.xml | 14 +-
public_html/cs-CZ/toc.html | 22 +-
.../opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml | 2 +-
public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora.xml | 4 +-
.../opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml | 2 +-
public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Core.xml | 2 +-
.../da-DK/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml | 2 +-
public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml | 2 +-
public_html/da-DK/opds.xml | 14 +-
public_html/da-DK/toc.html | 22 +-
.../opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml | 2 +-
public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora.xml | 4 +-
.../opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml | 2 +-
public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Core.xml | 2 +-
.../de-DE/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml | 2 +-
public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml | 2 +-
public_html/de-DE/opds.xml | 14 +-
public_html/de-DE/toc.html | 24 +-
.../opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml | 2 +-
public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora.xml | 4 +-
.../opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml | 2 +-
public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml | 2 +-
.../el-GR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml | 2 +-
public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml | 2 +-
public_html/el-GR/opds.xml | 14 +-
public_html/el-GR/toc.html | 20 +-
...edora-24-System_Administrators_Guide-en-US.epub | Bin 14838796 -> 14835640 bytes
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.../System_Administrators_Guide/ch-OProfile.html | 8 +-
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.../ch-Web_Servers.html | 244 +++---
.../ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html | 6 +-
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704 files changed, 2499 insertions(+), 2499 deletions(-)
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Binary files a/fedoradocs.db and b/fedoradocs.db differ
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index 3eedf87..8091ef0 100644
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<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<subtitle>Community Services Infrastructure</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:50</updated>
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diff --git a/public_html/as-IN/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/as-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
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<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:50</updated>
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index cdd14fd..7ccc3db 100644
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<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
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index 9766060..f18fc3c 100644
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<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/as-IN/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
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+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
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<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/as-IN/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
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index d362ac2..32ed4b1 100644
--- a/public_html/as-IN/toc.html
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.18.Virtualization_Security_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.18.Virtualization_Security_Guide.types');">
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.17.System_Administrators_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.17.System_Administrators_Guide.types');">
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/epub/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15.0-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15.0-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.15.Deployment_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.15.Deployment_Guide.types');">
@@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/epub/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.13.Burning_ISO_images_to_disc' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.13.Burning_ISO_images_to_disc.types');">
@@ -1415,7 +1415,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.11.User_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.11.User_Guide.types');">
@@ -1544,7 +1544,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/epub/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.8.Making_Fedora_Discs' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.8.Making_Fedora_Discs.types');">
@@ -1630,7 +1630,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.1.Software_Collections_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.1.Software_Collections_Guide.types');">
@@ -1657,7 +1657,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -1995,7 +1995,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/epub/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
diff --git a/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml b/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
index 7edd0d7..b6637c0 100644
--- a/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
+++ b/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bg-BG/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.…</id>
<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<subtitle>Community Services Infrastructure</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora.xml
index 80d17a6..d608606 100644
--- a/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bg-BG/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2016-06-22</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24</updated>
<dc:language>bg-BG</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index bc96f84..e0453cd 100644
--- a/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.x…</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 02a0d4b..56ad49d 100644
--- a/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 16d04bb..6a3b787 100644
--- a/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml b/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
index f272e4d..d2dd0fc 100644
--- a/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
+++ b/public_html/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bg-BG/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Security Team</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bg-BG/opds.xml b/public_html/bg-BG/opds.xml
index 9292904..a1667c6 100644
--- a/public_html/bg-BG/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/bg-BG/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bg-BG/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bg-BG/Community_Services_Infrastructure/opds-…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<dc:language>bg-BG</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bg-BG/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<dc:language>bg-BG</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bg-BG/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-F…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<dc:language>bg-BG</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bg-BG/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<dc:language>bg-BG</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bg-BG/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<dc:language>bg-BG</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bg-BG/Fedora_Security_Team/opds-Fedora_Securi…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<dc:language>bg-BG</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/bg-BG/toc.html b/public_html/bg-BG/toc.html
index 0330bac..4b594c1 100644
--- a/public_html/bg-BG/toc.html
+++ b/public_html/bg-BG/toc.html
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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<div id='Fedora.18.Musicians_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.18.Musicians_Guide.types');">
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora_Documentation-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora_Documentation-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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<div id='Fedora.18.System_Administrators_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.18.System_Administrators_Guide.types');">
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora-18-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora-18-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora-18-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.18.Virtualization_Security_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.18.Virtualization_Security_Guide.types');">
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.17.System_Administrators_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.17.System_Administrators_Guide.types');">
@@ -899,7 +899,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/epub/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15.0-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15.0-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.15.Deployment_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.15.Deployment_Guide.types');">
@@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/epub/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.13.Burning_ISO_images_to_disc' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.13.Burning_ISO_images_to_disc.types');">
@@ -1413,7 +1413,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.11.User_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.11.User_Guide.types');">
@@ -1542,7 +1542,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/epub/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.8.Making_Fedora_Discs' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.8.Making_Fedora_Discs.types');">
@@ -1628,7 +1628,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.1.Software_Collections_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.1.Software_Collections_Guide.types');">
@@ -1655,7 +1655,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -1993,7 +1993,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/epub/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
diff --git a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
index c7f3cb0..4d74b8f 100644
--- a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
+++ b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.…</id>
<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<subtitle>Community Services Infrastructure</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
index ecd807c..c8f9f59 100644
--- a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2016-06-22</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24</updated>
<dc:language>bn-IN</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 650fa1c..b141b70 100644
--- a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.x…</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index a6ca9a5..8939fe8 100644
--- a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index ef064b6..45774eb 100644
--- a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
index 9922396..07679b2 100644
--- a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
+++ b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Security Team</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bn-IN/opds.xml b/public_html/bn-IN/opds.xml
index a197e72..dd8fa5e 100644
--- a/public_html/bn-IN/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/bn-IN/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/Community_Services_Infrastructure/opds-…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<dc:language>bn-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<dc:language>bn-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-F…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:51</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<dc:language>bn-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<dc:language>bn-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<dc:language>bn-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/Fedora_Security_Team/opds-Fedora_Securi…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<dc:language>bn-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/bn-IN/toc.html b/public_html/bn-IN/toc.html
index 1d2e39f..7c7a626 100644
--- a/public_html/bn-IN/toc.html
+++ b/public_html/bn-IN/toc.html
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.18.Musicians_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.18.Musicians_Guide.types');">
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora_Documentation-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora_Documentation-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.18.System_Administrators_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.18.System_Administrators_Guide.types');">
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora-18-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora-18-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora-18-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.18.Virtualization_Security_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.18.Virtualization_Security_Guide.types');">
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.17.System_Administrators_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.17.System_Administrators_Guide.types');">
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/epub/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15.0-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15.0-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.15.Deployment_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.15.Deployment_Guide.types');">
@@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/epub/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.13.Burning_ISO_images_to_disc' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.13.Burning_ISO_images_to_disc.types');">
@@ -1415,7 +1415,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.11.User_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.11.User_Guide.types');">
@@ -1544,7 +1544,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/epub/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.8.Making_Fedora_Discs' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.8.Making_Fedora_Discs.types');">
@@ -1630,7 +1630,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.1.Software_Collections_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.1.Software_Collections_Guide.types');">
@@ -1657,7 +1657,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -1995,7 +1995,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/epub/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
diff --git a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
index 821e558..72d91c8 100644
--- a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
+++ b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.…</id>
<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<subtitle>Community Services Infrastructure</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora.xml
index 30c1841..b3422ec 100644
--- a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2016-06-22</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24</updated>
<dc:language>bs-BA</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 54b5717..948054e 100644
--- a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.x…</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 44f0780..53865a3 100644
--- a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 575aead..1fe4bce 100644
--- a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
index 0f214e3..7033bb9 100644
--- a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
+++ b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Security Team</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bs-BA/opds.xml b/public_html/bs-BA/opds.xml
index eb79125..4baa14d 100644
--- a/public_html/bs-BA/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/bs-BA/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/Community_Services_Infrastructure/opds-…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<dc:language>bs-BA</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<dc:language>bs-BA</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-F…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:07</updated>
<dc:language>bs-BA</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>bs-BA</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>bs-BA</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/Fedora_Security_Team/opds-Fedora_Securi…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>bs-BA</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/bs-BA/toc.html b/public_html/bs-BA/toc.html
index f81d604..ef3d3ea 100644
--- a/public_html/bs-BA/toc.html
+++ b/public_html/bs-BA/toc.html
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.18.Musicians_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.18.Musicians_Guide.types');">
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora_Documentation-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora_Documentation-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.18.System_Administrators_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.18.System_Administrators_Guide.types');">
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora-18-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora-18-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora-18-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.18.Virtualization_Security_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.18.Virtualization_Security_Guide.types');">
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.17.System_Administrators_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.17.System_Administrators_Guide.types');">
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/epub/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15.0-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15.0-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.15.Deployment_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.15.Deployment_Guide.types');">
@@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/epub/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.13.Burning_ISO_images_to_disc' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.13.Burning_ISO_images_to_disc.types');">
@@ -1424,7 +1424,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -1544,7 +1544,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/epub/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.8.Making_Fedora_Discs' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.8.Making_Fedora_Discs.types');">
@@ -1630,7 +1630,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.1.Software_Collections_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.1.Software_Collections_Guide.types');">
@@ -1657,7 +1657,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -1995,7 +1995,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/epub/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
diff --git a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
index 41a0f6b..c116599 100644
--- a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
+++ b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.…</id>
<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<subtitle>Community Services Infrastructure</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora.xml
index bcd11a3..0200660 100644
--- a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2016-06-22</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24</updated>
<dc:language>ca-ES</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 9e964af..372be7a 100644
--- a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.x…</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 256f68b..6121d3b 100644
--- a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index e5cc38e..5d464bc 100644
--- a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
index 4790ad3..9e56e5c 100644
--- a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
+++ b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Security Team</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ca-ES/opds.xml b/public_html/ca-ES/opds.xml
index 967130e..93dd45c 100644
--- a/public_html/ca-ES/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/ca-ES/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/Community_Services_Infrastructure/opds-…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>ca-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>ca-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-F…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>ca-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>ca-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>ca-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/Fedora_Security_Team/opds-Fedora_Securi…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>ca-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/ca-ES/toc.html b/public_html/ca-ES/toc.html
index 5cade72..9eec21c 100644
--- a/public_html/ca-ES/toc.html
+++ b/public_html/ca-ES/toc.html
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
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<div id='Fedora.18.Musicians_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.18.Musicians_Guide.types');">
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora_Documentation-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora_Documentation-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.18.System_Administrators_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.18.System_Administrators_Guide.types');">
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora-18-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora-18-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora-18-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.18.Virtualization_Security_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.18.Virtualization_Security_Guide.types');">
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.17.System_Administrators_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.17.System_Administrators_Guide.types');">
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@
<a class="type" href="./Fedora/15/epub/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-ca-ES.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="./Fedora/15/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/15/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="./Fedora/15/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/15/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15.0-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-ca-ES.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15.0-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-ca-ES.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-ca-ES.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-ca-ES.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.15.Fedora_Live_Images' class="book collapsed">
@@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/epub/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.13.Burning_ISO_images_to_disc' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.13.Burning_ISO_images_to_disc.types');">
@@ -1415,7 +1415,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.11.User_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.11.User_Guide.types');">
@@ -1544,7 +1544,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/epub/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.8.Making_Fedora_Discs' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.8.Making_Fedora_Discs.types');">
@@ -1630,7 +1630,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.1.Software_Collections_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.1.Software_Collections_Guide.types');">
@@ -1657,7 +1657,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -1995,7 +1995,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/epub/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
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diff --git a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
index 5eae9e8..62aa308 100644
--- a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
+++ b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.…</id>
<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<subtitle>Community Services Infrastructure</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:52</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora.xml
index cca1e51..35b3829 100644
--- a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2016-06-22</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24</updated>
<dc:language>cs-CZ</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 93080b7..d49431c 100644
--- a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.x…</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index f952fb1..f888385 100644
--- a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 31aa140..6700626 100644
--- a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
index 6beb888..0a61a81 100644
--- a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
+++ b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Security Team</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds.xml b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds.xml
index a7052f1..20d44ab 100644
--- a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/Community_Services_Infrastructure/opds-…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>cs-CZ</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>cs-CZ</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-F…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>cs-CZ</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>cs-CZ</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>cs-CZ</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/Fedora_Security_Team/opds-Fedora_Securi…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>cs-CZ</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/cs-CZ/toc.html b/public_html/cs-CZ/toc.html
index ef6d80c..1ead2eb 100644
--- a/public_html/cs-CZ/toc.html
+++ b/public_html/cs-CZ/toc.html
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@
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<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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<div id='Fedora.18.Musicians_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.18.Musicians_Guide.types');">
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora_Documentation-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora_Documentation-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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<div id='Fedora.18.System_Administrators_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.18.System_Administrators_Guide.types');">
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora-18-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@
<a class="type" href="./Fedora/15/epub/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-cs-CZ.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="./Fedora/15/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/15/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="./Fedora/15/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/15/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-cs-CZ.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-cs-CZ.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.15.Fedora_Live_Images' class="book collapsed">
@@ -1125,7 +1125,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/epub/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -1415,7 +1415,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.11.User_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.11.User_Guide.types');">
@@ -1544,7 +1544,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/epub/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.8.Making_Fedora_Discs' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.8.Making_Fedora_Discs.types');">
@@ -1630,7 +1630,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.1.Software_Collections_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.1.Software_Collections_Guide.types');">
@@ -1657,7 +1657,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -1995,7 +1995,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/epub/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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diff --git a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
index 58a1f32..5f04191 100644
--- a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
+++ b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.…</id>
<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<subtitle>Community Services Infrastructure</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora.xml
index f118039..a515264 100644
--- a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2016-06-22</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24</updated>
<dc:language>da-DK</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
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diff --git a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 76b06cb..6e08e3b 100644
--- a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.x…</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index aaa6685..27763d8 100644
--- a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 38153fe..6083ed2 100644
--- a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
index b0ac4bf..cf418f6 100644
--- a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
+++ b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Security Team</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/da-DK/opds.xml b/public_html/da-DK/opds.xml
index 003c345..766ed59 100644
--- a/public_html/da-DK/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/da-DK/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/Community_Services_Infrastructure/opds-…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>da-DK</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>da-DK</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-F…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>da-DK</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>da-DK</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
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<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/Fedora_Security_Team/opds-Fedora_Securi…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
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<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/da-DK/toc.html b/public_html/da-DK/toc.html
index bba6030..6d29fa0 100644
--- a/public_html/da-DK/toc.html
+++ b/public_html/da-DK/toc.html
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora-18-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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<div id='Fedora.18.Virtualization_Security_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.18.Virtualization_Security_Guide.types');">
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<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
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<div id='Fedora.17.System_Administrators_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.17.System_Administrators_Guide.types');">
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/epub/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15.0-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15.0-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.15.Deployment_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.15.Deployment_Guide.types');">
@@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/epub/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
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@@ -1415,7 +1415,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.11.User_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.11.User_Guide.types');">
@@ -1544,7 +1544,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/epub/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora.8.Making_Fedora_Discs' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.8.Making_Fedora_Discs.types');">
@@ -1630,7 +1630,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.1.Software_Collections_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.1.Software_Collections_Guide.types');">
@@ -1657,7 +1657,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -1995,7 +1995,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/epub/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
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diff --git a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
index 18d4517..19274d4 100644
--- a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
+++ b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.…</id>
<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<subtitle>Community Services Infrastructure</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora.xml
index 329bf64..b505747 100644
--- a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2016-06-22</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24</updated>
<dc:language>de-DE</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 27545d2..19f598c 100644
--- a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.x…</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 8e49603..fbc74ac 100644
--- a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 26769f5..90269b1 100644
--- a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
index deb18b5..3a691d0 100644
--- a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
+++ b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Security Team</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/de-DE/opds.xml b/public_html/de-DE/opds.xml
index baccea8..47e6e18 100644
--- a/public_html/de-DE/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/de-DE/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/Community_Services_Infrastructure/opds-…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:53</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:08</updated>
<dc:language>de-DE</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<dc:language>de-DE</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-F…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<dc:language>de-DE</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<dc:language>de-DE</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<dc:language>de-DE</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/Fedora_Security_Team/opds-Fedora_Securi…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<dc:language>de-DE</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/de-DE/toc.html b/public_html/de-DE/toc.html
index 26bea54..4f4ff21 100644
--- a/public_html/de-DE/toc.html
+++ b/public_html/de-DE/toc.html
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<a class="type" href="./Fedora/18/epub/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-18-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-de-DE.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="./Fedora/18/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/18/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="./Fedora/18/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/18/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="./Fedora/18/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-17-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-de-DE.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/18/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-17-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-de-DE.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora-18-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/epub/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
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<div id='Fedora.13.Installation_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.13.Installation_Guide.types');">
@@ -1415,7 +1415,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/10/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/10/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/10/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/10/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/10/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/10/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/10/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
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<div id='Fedora.10.User_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.10.User_Guide.types');">
@@ -1616,7 +1616,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/epub/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
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<div id='Fedora.8.SELinux_FAQ' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.8.SELinux_FAQ.types');">
@@ -1684,7 +1684,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id='Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.1.Software_Collections_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.1.Software_Collections_Guide.types');">
@@ -1711,7 +1711,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -2049,7 +2049,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/epub/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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diff --git a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
index 039b925..ae1b1bf 100644
--- a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
+++ b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/el-GR/opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.…</id>
<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<subtitle>Community Services Infrastructure</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora.xml
index bacedf4..71ec8c1 100644
--- a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/el-GR/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2016-06-22</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24</updated>
<dc:language>el-GR</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 31c9da5..46c98e6 100644
--- a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.x…</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index e0af6b0..38b595f 100644
--- a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 8dac5c7..4bd4bab 100644
--- a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
index 62fbaa4..0e56531 100644
--- a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
+++ b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Security Team</subtitle>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/el-GR/opds.xml b/public_html/el-GR/opds.xml
index 46523b3..9c357c9 100644
--- a/public_html/el-GR/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/el-GR/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/el-GR/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Community Services Infrastructure</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/el-GR/Community_Services_Infrastructure/opds-…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<dc:language>el-GR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Community_Services_Infrastructure.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/el-GR/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<dc:language>el-GR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/el-GR/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-F…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<dc:language>el-GR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/el-GR/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<dc:language>el-GR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/el-GR/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<dc:language>el-GR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Security Team</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/el-GR/Fedora_Security_Team/opds-Fedora_Securi…</id>
- <updated>2016-06-22T05:27:54</updated>
+ <updated>2016-06-24T14:07:09</updated>
<dc:language>el-GR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Security_Team.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/el-GR/toc.html b/public_html/el-GR/toc.html
index d99c82e..b2907e3 100644
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+++ b/public_html/el-GR/toc.html
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<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Quick_Start_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Installation_Quick_Start_Guide/Fedora-18-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora_Documentation-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora_Documentation-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-18-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/epub/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora-18-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/html-single/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/18/pdf/Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Getting_Started_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
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@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/17/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-17-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/epub/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/html/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/html-single/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15.0-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/15/pdf/Burning_ISO_images_to_disc/Fedora-15.0-Burning_ISO_images_to_disc-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
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<div id='Fedora.15.Deployment_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.15.Deployment_Guide.types');">
@@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/epub/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
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@@ -1415,7 +1415,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/epub/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
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<div id='Fedora.11.User_Guide' class="book collapsed" onclick="toggle(event, 'Fedora.11.User_Guide.types');">
@@ -1630,7 +1630,7 @@
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<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Fedora_Elections_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Fedora_Elections_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation--Fedora_Elections_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -1657,7 +1657,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/epub/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -1995,7 +1995,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/epub/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.epub" >epub</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html</a>
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide/Fedora-19-Virtualization_Deployment_and_Administration_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/epub/System_Administrators_Guide/Fedora-24-System_Administrators_Guide-en-US.epub b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/epub/System_Administrators_Guide/Fedora-24-System_Administrators_Guide-en-US.epub
index bac350a..eaf2cca 100644
Binary files a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/epub/System_Administrators_Guide/Fedora-24-System_Administrators_Guide-en-US.epub and b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/epub/System_Administrators_Guide/Fedora-24-System_Administrators_Guide-en-US.epub differ
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html-single/System_Administrators_Guide/index.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html-single/System_Administrators_Guide/index.html
index 7c9f3bf..922db62 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html-single/System_Administrators_Guide/index.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html-single/System_Administrators_Guide/index.html
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
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dora</span> <span class="productnumber">24</span></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h1 id="idm225468129088" class="title">System Administrator's Guide</h1></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h2 class="subtitle">Deployment, Configuration, and Administration of Fedora 24</h2></div><p class="edition">Edition 1.0</p><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h3 class="corpauthor">
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><object data="Common_Content/images/title_logo.svg" type="image/svg+xml"> </object></span>
- </h3></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div xml:lang="en-US" class="authorgroup" lang="en-US"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stephen</span> <span class="surname">Wadeley</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:swadeley@redhat.com">swadeley(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jaromír</span> <span class="surname">Hradílek</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:jhradilek@redhat.com">jhradilek(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Petr</span> <span class="surname">Bokoč</span></h3><d
iv class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:pbokoc@redhat.com">pbokoc(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Petr</span> <span class="surname">Kovář</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:pkovar@redhat.com">pkovar(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Tomáš</span> <span class="surname">Čapek</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:tcapek@redhat.com">tcapek(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Douglas</span> <span
class="surname">Silas</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:silas@redhat.com">silas(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Martin</span> <span class="surname">Prpič</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Eliška</span> <span class="surname">Slobodová</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Miroslav</span> <span class="surname">Svoboda</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div>
</div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="surname">Ha</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">David</span> <span class="surname">O'Brien</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Michael</span> <span class="surname">Hideo</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Don</span> <span class="surname">Domingo</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div></div></div><hr
/><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div id="idm263475632384" class="legalnotice"><h1 class="legalnotice">Legal Notice</h1><div class="para">
+ </h3></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div xml:lang="en-US" class="authorgroup" lang="en-US"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stephen</span> <span class="surname">Wadeley</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:swadeley@redhat.com">swadeley(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jaromír</span> <span class="surname">Hradílek</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:jhradilek@redhat.com">jhradilek(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Petr</span> <span class="surname">Bokoč</span></h3><d
iv class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:pbokoc@redhat.com">pbokoc(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Petr</span> <span class="surname">Kovář</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:pkovar@redhat.com">pkovar(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Tomáš</span> <span class="surname">Čapek</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:tcapek@redhat.com">tcapek(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Douglas</span> <span
class="surname">Silas</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:silas@redhat.com">silas(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Martin</span> <span class="surname">Prpič</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Eliška</span> <span class="surname">Slobodová</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Miroslav</span> <span class="surname">Svoboda</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div>
</div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="surname">Ha</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">David</span> <span class="surname">O'Brien</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Michael</span> <span class="surname">Hideo</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Don</span> <span class="surname">Domingo</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div></div></div><hr
/><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div id="idm225459450304" class="legalnotice"><h1 class="legalnotice">Legal Notice</h1><div class="para">
Copyright <span class="trademark"></span>© 2016 Red Hat, Inc. and others.
</div><div class="para">
The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/</a>. The original authors of this document, and Red Hat, designate the Fedora Project as the "Attribution Party" for purposes of CC-BY-SA. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version.
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
</div></div></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div class="abstract"><h6>Abstract</h6><div class="para">
The <em class="citetitle">System Administrator's Guide</em> documents relevant information regarding the deployment, configuration, and administration of Fedora 24. It is oriented towards system administrators with a basic understanding of the system.
- </div></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#idm263463394368">Preface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Preface-Target_Audience">1. Target Audience</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Preface-Book_Organization">2. How to Read this Book</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#idm263480376192">3. Document Conventions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#idm263486274048">3.1. Typographic Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#idm263491804992">3.2. Pull-quote Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#idm263464125376">3.3. Notes and Warnings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#idm263466628000">4. We Need Feedback!</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pref-Acknowledgments">5. Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Ba
sic_System_Configuration">I. Basic System Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Opening_GUI_Applications">1. Opening Graphical Applications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_cli">1.1. Opening graphical applications from the command line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-alt_f2">1.2. Launching Applications with <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F2</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu">1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu-gnome">1.3.1. Using GNOME menus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu-kde">1.3.2. Using KDE menus </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#idm263474255504">1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapte
r"><a href="#ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration">2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Setting_the_System_Locale">2.1. Setting the System Locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Status">2.1.1. Displaying the Current Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Listing_Available_Locales">2.1.2. Listing Available Locales</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Setting_the_Locale">2.1.3. Setting the Locale</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout">2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Settings">2.2.1. Displaying the Current Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps">2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hre
f="#s2-Setting_the_Keymap">2.2.3. Setting the Keymap</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time">3. Configuring the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl">3.1. Using the timedatectl Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Display">3.1.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time">3.1.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Date">3.1.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time_Zone
">3.1.4. Changing the Time Zone</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-NTP">3.1.5. Synchronizing the System Clock with a Remote Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date">3.2. Using the date Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Display">3.2.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Time">3.2.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Date">3.2.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-hwclock">3.3. Using the hwclock Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect2-displaying-time-hwclock">3.3.1. Displaying the Curre
nt Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect3-changing-date-time-hwclock">3.3.2. Setting the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect4-synchronizing-date-time-hwclock">3.3.3. Synchronizing the Date and Time</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time-Resources">3.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">4. Managing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-introduction">4.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">4.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">4.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-configui">4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></sp
an></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-list">4.2.1. Using the Users Settings Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-tools">4.3. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">4.3.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">4.3.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-logout">4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">4.3.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources">4.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Gaining_Privilege
s">5. Gaining Privileges</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_su_Command">5.1. The su Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_sudo_Command">5.2. The sudo Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Gaining_Privileges-Additional_Resources">5.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Package_Management">II. Package Management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-DNF">6. DNF</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">6.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_For_Updates">6.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Updating_Packages">6.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Preserving_
Configuration_File_Changes">6.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">6.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Searching_Packages">6.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Packages">6.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">6.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing">6.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Removing">6.2.5. Removing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-DNF-Transaction_History">6.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories">6.3. Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</a></span
></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_main_Options">6.3.1. Setting [main] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_repository_Options">6.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_DNF_Variables">6.3.3. Using DNF Variables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration">6.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories">6.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Additional_Resources">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Infrastructure_Services">III. Infrastructure Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">7. Services and Daemons</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"
><a href="#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-running">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-running">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-stopping">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-restarting">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-additional-resources">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span
></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-books">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-OpenSSH">8. OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-protocol">8.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-why">8.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-features">8.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-versions">8.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-conn">8.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-configuration">8.2. Configuring OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-config
uration-configs">8.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication">8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Introduction_to_SSH_Certificates">8.3.1. Introduction to SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Support_for_OpenSSH_Certificates">8.3.2. Support for SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys">8.3.3. Creating SSH CA Certificate Signing Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span c
lass="section"><a href="#sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys">8.3.4. Distributing and Trusting SSH CA Public Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Signing_SSH_Certificates">8.3.5. Creating SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-SSH_Certificate_PKCS_11_Token">8.3.6. Signing an SSH Certificate Using a PKCS#11 Token</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_an_SSH_CA_Certificate">8.3.7. Viewing an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Revoking_an_SSH_CA_Certificate">8.3.8. Revoking an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-clients">8.4. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">8.4.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">8.4.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><spa
n class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-sftp">8.4.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-beyondshell">8.5. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">8.5.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">8.5.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">8.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-TigerVNC">9. TigerVNC</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-vnc-server">9.1. VNC Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-vnc-installation">9.1.1. Installing VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-configuring-vnc-server">9.1.2. Configuring VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s
4-starting-vncserver">9.1.3. Starting VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#terminating-vnc-session">9.1.4. Terminating a VNC Session</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s5-vnc-viewer">9.2. VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#installing-vncviewer">9.2.1. Installing VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s6-connecting-vnc-viewer">9.2.2. Connecting to VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-using_ssh">9.2.3. Connecting to VNC Server Using SSH</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s9-additional-sources">9.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Servers">IV. Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Web_Servers">10. Web Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">10.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a>
</span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-changes">10.1.1. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">10.1.2. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-running">10.1.3. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-editing">10.1.4. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-dso">10.1.5. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-virtualhosts">10.1.6. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">10.1.7. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-resources">10.1.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Mail_Servers">11. Mail Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"
><a href="#s1-email-protocols">11.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-send">11.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-client">11.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-types">11.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mta">11.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mda">11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mua">11.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mta">11.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">11.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">11.3.2. Sendmail</a></
span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">11.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-switchmail">11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mda">11.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">11.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes">11.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mua">11.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-security">11.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-additional-resources">11.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-installed-docs">11.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span>
</dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-useful-websites">11.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-related-books">11.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Directory_Servers">12. Directory Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-OpenLDAP">12.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-introduction">12.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-installation">12.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-configuration">12.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-selinux-openldap">12.1.4. SELinux Policy for Applications Using LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-running">12.1.5. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section
"><a href="#s2-ldap-pam">12.1.6. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-resources">12.1.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ldap-related-books">12.1.8. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-File_and_Print_Servers">13. File and Print Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba">13.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">13.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">13.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">13.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share">13.1.4. Mounting the Share</a></sp
an></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">13.1.5. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">13.1.6. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">13.1.7. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Security_Modes">13.1.8. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">13.1.9. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Network_Browsing">13.1.10. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support">13.1.11. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">
13.1.12. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Resources">13.1.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-FTP">13.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-protocol">13.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-servers">13.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">13.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">13.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf">13.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-resources">13.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="
#sec-Printer_Configuration">13.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">13.3.1. Starting the Printers Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Printer">13.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Adding_Other_Printer">13.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-jetdirect-printer">13.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-ipp-printer">13.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer">13.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">13.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-select-model">13.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model
and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-test-page">13.3.9. Printing a Test Page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-edit">13.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-additional-resources">13.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite">14. Configuring NTP Using the chrony Suite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Introduction_to_the_chrony_Suite">14.1. Introduction to the chrony Suite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-differences_between_ntpd_and_chronyd">14.1.1. Differences Between ntpd and chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Choosing_between_NTP_daemon">14.1.2. Choosing Between NTP Daemons</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Understanding_chrony_a
nd-its_configuration">14.2. Understanding chrony and Its Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Understanding_chronyd">14.2.1. Understanding chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Understanding_chronyc">14.2.2. Understanding chronyc</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Understanding_the_chrony_configuration_commands">14.2.3. Understanding the chrony Configuration Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Security_with_chronyc">14.2.4. Security with chronyc</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Using_chrony">14.3. Using chrony</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Installing_chrony">14.3.1. Installing chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Checking_the_Status_of_chronyd">14.3.2. Checking the Status of chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Starting_chronyd">14.3.3. Start
ing chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Stopping_chronyd">14.3.4. Stopping chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Checking_if_chrony_is_synchronized">14.3.5. Checking if chrony is Synchronized</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Manually_Adjusting-the-System_Clock">14.3.6. Manually Adjusting the System Clock</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_different_environments">14.4. Setting Up chrony for Different Environments</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_which_is_infrequently_connected">14.4.1. Setting Up chrony for a System Which is Infrequently Connected</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_in_an_isolated_network">14.4.2. Setting Up chrony for a System in an Isolated Network</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Using
_chronyc">14.5. Using chronyc</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Using_chronyc_chronyc_to_control_chronyd">14.5.1. Using chronyc to Control chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Using_chronyc_for_remote_administration">14.5.2. Using chronyc for Remote Administration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-additional_resources">14.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-chrony-docs-inst">14.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-chrony_Online_Documentation">14.6.2. Online Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd">15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Introduction_to_NTP">15.1. Introduction to NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-NTP_Strata">15.2. NTP Strata</a>
</span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_NTP">15.3. Understanding NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File">15.4. Understanding the Drift File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST">15.5. UTC, Timezones, and DST</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP">15.6. Authentication Options for NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines">15.7. Managing the Time on Virtual Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds">15.8. Understanding Leap Seconds</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File">15.9. Understanding the ntpd Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File">15.10. Understanding the ntpd Sysconfig File</a></span><
/dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Disabling_chrony">15.11. Disabling chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed">15.12. Checking if the NTP Daemon is Installed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd">15.13. Installing the NTP Daemon (ntpd)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP">15.14. Checking the Status of NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets">15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Change_the_firewall_settings">15.15.1. Change the Firewall Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets">15.15.2. Open Ports in the Firewall for NTP Packets</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configur
e_ntpdate_Servers">15.16. Configure ntpdate Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configure_NTP">15.17. Configure NTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Configure_Access_Control_to_an_NTP_service">15.17.1. Configure Access Control to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service">15.17.2. Configure Rate Limiting Access to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address">15.17.3. Adding a Peer Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Server_Address">15.17.4. Adding a Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address">15.17.5. Adding a Broadcast or Multicast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address">15.17.6. Adding a Manycast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt
><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address">15.17.7. Adding a Broadcast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address">15.17.8. Adding a Manycast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address">15.17.9. Adding a Multicast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_the_burst_option">15.17.10. Configuring the Burst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option">15.17.11. Configuring the iburst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key">15.17.12. Configuring Symmetric Authentication Using a Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval">15.17.13. Configuring the Poll Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_Server_Prefere
nce">15.17.14. Configuring Server Preference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets">15.17.15. Configuring the Time-to-Live for NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use">15.17.16. Configuring the NTP Version to Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update">15.18. Configuring the Hardware Clock Update</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources">15.19. Configuring Clock Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ntpd_additional-resources">15.20. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ntpd-docs-inst">15.20.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ntpd_useful-websites">15.20.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href
="#ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l">16. Configuring PTP Using ptp4l</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Introduction_to_PTP">16.1. Introduction to PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Understanding_PTP">16.1.1. Understanding PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Advantages_of_PTP">16.1.2. Advantages of PTP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_PTP">16.2. Using PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_for_Driver_and_Hardware_Support">16.2.1. Checking for Driver and Hardware Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_PTP">16.2.2. Installing PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_ptp4l">16.2.3. Starting ptp4l</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Specifying_a_Configuration_File">16.3. Specifying a Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="se
ction"><a href="#sec-Using_the_PTP_Management_Client">16.4. Using the PTP Management Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Synchronizing_the_Clocks">16.5. Synchronizing the Clocks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Verifying_Time_Synchronization">16.6. Verifying Time Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Serving_PTP_Time_with_NTP">16.7. Serving PTP Time with NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Serving_NTP_Time_with_PTP">16.8. Serving NTP Time with PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Synchronize_to_PTP_or_NTP_Time_Using_timemaster">16.9. Synchronize to PTP or NTP Time Using timemaster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_timemaster_as_a_Service">16.9.1. Starting timemaster as a Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Understanding_the_timemaster_Configuration_File">16.9.2. Understanding the timemas
ter Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options">16.9.3. Configuring timemaster Options</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Improving_Accuracy">16.10. Improving Accuracy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PTP_additional_resources">16.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PTP-docs-inst">16.11.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PTP_useful-websites">16.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Monitoring_and_Automation">V. Monitoring and Automation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-System_Monitoring_Tools">17. System Monitoring Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">17.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">17.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">17.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">17.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">17.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">17.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">17.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-cpu">17.3. Viewing CPU Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">17.3.1. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sy
sinfo-filesystems">17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">17.4.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid">17.4.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx">17.4.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt">17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">17.4.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">17.4.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">17.5. Viewing Hardware Information</a
></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">17.5.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP">17.6. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">17.6.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running">17.6.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring">17.6.3. Configuring N
et-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving">17.6.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending">17.6.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-additional-resources">17.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">17.7.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">18. Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-locating">18.1. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog">18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Filters">18.2.1. Filters</a></span><
/dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Actions">18.2.2. Actions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Templates">18.2.3. Templates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-global_directives">18.2.4. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log_rotation">18.2.5. Log Rotation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-using_the_new_configuration_format">18.3. Using the New Configuration Format</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Rulesets">18.3.1. Rulesets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-compatibility_with_syslogd">18.3.2. Compatibility with syslogd</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog">18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-defining_queues">18.4.1. Defining Queues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-managing_qu
eues">18.4.2. Managing Queues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server">18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_The_New_Template_Syntax_on_a_Logging_Server">18.5.1. Using The New Template Syntax on a Logging Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-using_rsyslog_modules">18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-importing_text_files">18.6.1. Importing Text Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database">18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-enabling_encrypted_transport">18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-using_RELP">18.6.4. Using RELP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-interacti
on_of_rsyslog_and_journal">18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog">18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-importing_data_from_journal">18.8.1. Importing Data from Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-filtering_structured_messages">18.8.2. Filtering Structured Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-parsing_JSON">18.8.3. Parsing JSON</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb">18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-debugging_rsyslog">18.9. Debugging Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server">18.10. Troubleshooting Logging to a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Using_the_Journal">18.11. Using th
e Journal</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Viewing_Log_Files">18.11.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Access_Control">18.11.2. Access Control</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Using_The_Live_View">18.11.3. Using The Live View</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Filtering_Messages">18.11.4. Filtering Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage">18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment">18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-viewing">18.12.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-adding">18.12.2. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-examining">18.12.3.
Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-log-files-additional-resources">18.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Automating_System_Tasks">19. Automating System Tasks</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">19.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Cron-Installing">19.1.1. Installing Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Cron-Running">19.1.2. Running the Crond Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">19.1.3. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">19.1.4. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-access">19.1.5. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-black-whit
e-listing-of-cron-jobs">19.1.6. Black and White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">19.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-At_and_Batch_Installation">19.2.1. Installing At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Atd-Running">19.2.2. Running the At Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">19.2.3. Configuring an At Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-batch-configuring">19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing">19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-commandline-options">19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access">19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Bat
ch</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">19.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-OProfile">20. OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf_vs_opcontrol">20.1.1. operf vs. opcontrol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-using-operf">20.2. Using operf</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-events">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-categorization">20.2.3. Categorization of Samples</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span><
/dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.3.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-events">20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-starting">20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">20.6. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.6.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span cla
ss="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-module-output">20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">20.6.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-example-usage">20.8. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-support">20.9. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.9.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-gui">20.10. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">20.11. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile_additional_reso
urces">20.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration">VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Introduction_to_GRUB_2">21.1. Introduction to GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu">21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool">21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Customizing_the_G
RUB_2_Configuration_File">21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Changing_the_Default_Boot_Entry">21.5.1. Changing the Default Boot Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry">21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Adding_a_new_Entry">21.5.3. Adding a new Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu">21.5.4. Creating a Custom Menu</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection">21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Up_Users_and_Password_Protection_Specifying_Menu_Entries">21.6.1. Setting Up Users and Password Protection, Specifying Menu Entries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Password_Encryption">21.6.2. Password Encryption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><
dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2">21.7. Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_BIOS-Based_Machines">21.7.1. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on BIOS-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_UEFI-Based_Machines">21.7.2. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on UEFI-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Resetting_and_Reinstalling_GRUB_2">21.7.3. Resetting and Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console">21.8. GRUB 2 over a Serial Console</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Menu">21.8.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_screen_to_Connect_to_the_Serial_Console">21.8.2. Using screen to Connect to the Serial Console</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a hre
f="#sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot">21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Booting_to_Rescue_Mode">21.9.1. Booting to Rescue Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode">21.9.2. Booting to Emergency Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password">21.9.3. Changing and Resetting the Root Password</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot">21.10. UEFI Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot_Support_in_Fedora">21.10.1. UEFI Secure Boot Support in Fedora</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader-Additional_Resources">21.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">22. Manually Upgrading the Ker
nel</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-packages">22.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-preparing">22.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-download">22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">22.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">22.6.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel
-boot-loader-pseries">22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules">23. Working with Kernel Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">23.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">23.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">23.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">23.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">23.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-b
oot">23.7. Signing Kernel Modules for Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-prerequisites">23.7.1. Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-kernel-module-authentication">23.7.2. Kernel Module Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-generating-a-public-private-x509-key-pair">23.7.3. Generating a Public and Private X.509 Key Pair</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-enrolling-public-key-on-target-system">23.7.4. Enrolling Public Key on Target System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-signing-kernel-module-with-the-private-key">23.7.5. Signing Kernel Module with the Private Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-loading-signed-kernel-module">23.7.6. Loading Signed Kernel Module</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources">23.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></d
l></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ch-RPM">A. RPM</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-rpm-design">A.1. RPM Design Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-rpm-using">A.2. Using RPM</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">A.2.1. Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">A.2.2. Uninstalling Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-freshening">A.2.3. Freshening Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-querying">A.2.4. Querying Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-verifying">A.2.5. Verifying Packages</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-find-verify-rpm">A.3. Finding and Verifying RPM Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-finding">A.3.1. Finding RPM Packages</a><
/span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">A.3.2. Checking Package Signatures</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">A.4. Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">A.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#app-Revision_History">B. Revision History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="#idm263486265680">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="preface" id="idm263463394368" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 id="idm263463394368" class="title">Preface</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#idm225425386560">Preface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Preface-Target_Audience">1. Target Audience</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Preface-Book_Organization">2. How to Read this Book</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#idm225473409088">3. Document Conventions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#idm225460700720">3.1. Typographic Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#idm225407107760">3.2. Pull-quote Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#idm225436319920">3.3. Notes and Warnings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#idm225453598688">4. We Need Feedback!</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pref-Acknowledgments">5. Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Ba
sic_System_Configuration">I. Basic System Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Opening_GUI_Applications">1. Opening Graphical Applications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_cli">1.1. Opening graphical applications from the command line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-alt_f2">1.2. Launching Applications with <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F2</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu">1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu-gnome">1.3.1. Using GNOME menus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu-kde">1.3.2. Using KDE menus </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#idm225499600880">1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapte
r"><a href="#ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration">2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Setting_the_System_Locale">2.1. Setting the System Locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Status">2.1.1. Displaying the Current Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Listing_Available_Locales">2.1.2. Listing Available Locales</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Setting_the_Locale">2.1.3. Setting the Locale</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout">2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Settings">2.2.1. Displaying the Current Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps">2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hre
f="#s2-Setting_the_Keymap">2.2.3. Setting the Keymap</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time">3. Configuring the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl">3.1. Using the timedatectl Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Display">3.1.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time">3.1.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Date">3.1.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time_Zone
">3.1.4. Changing the Time Zone</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-NTP">3.1.5. Synchronizing the System Clock with a Remote Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date">3.2. Using the date Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Display">3.2.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Time">3.2.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Date">3.2.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-hwclock">3.3. Using the hwclock Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect2-displaying-time-hwclock">3.3.1. Displaying the Curre
nt Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect3-changing-date-time-hwclock">3.3.2. Setting the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect4-synchronizing-date-time-hwclock">3.3.3. Synchronizing the Date and Time</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time-Resources">3.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">4. Managing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-introduction">4.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">4.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">4.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-configui">4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></sp
an></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-list">4.2.1. Using the Users Settings Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-tools">4.3. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">4.3.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">4.3.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-logout">4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">4.3.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources">4.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Gaining_Privilege
s">5. Gaining Privileges</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_su_Command">5.1. The su Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_sudo_Command">5.2. The sudo Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Gaining_Privileges-Additional_Resources">5.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Package_Management">II. Package Management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-DNF">6. DNF</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">6.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_For_Updates">6.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Updating_Packages">6.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Preserving_
Configuration_File_Changes">6.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">6.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Searching_Packages">6.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Packages">6.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">6.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing">6.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Removing">6.2.5. Removing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-DNF-Transaction_History">6.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories">6.3. Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</a></span
></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_main_Options">6.3.1. Setting [main] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_repository_Options">6.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_DNF_Variables">6.3.3. Using DNF Variables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration">6.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories">6.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Additional_Resources">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Infrastructure_Services">III. Infrastructure Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">7. Services and Daemons</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"
><a href="#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-running">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-running">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-stopping">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-restarting">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-additional-resources">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span
></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-books">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-OpenSSH">8. OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-protocol">8.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-why">8.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-features">8.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-versions">8.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-conn">8.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-configuration">8.2. Configuring OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-config
uration-configs">8.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication">8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Introduction_to_SSH_Certificates">8.3.1. Introduction to SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Support_for_OpenSSH_Certificates">8.3.2. Support for SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys">8.3.3. Creating SSH CA Certificate Signing Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span c
lass="section"><a href="#sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys">8.3.4. Distributing and Trusting SSH CA Public Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Signing_SSH_Certificates">8.3.5. Creating SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-SSH_Certificate_PKCS_11_Token">8.3.6. Signing an SSH Certificate Using a PKCS#11 Token</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_an_SSH_CA_Certificate">8.3.7. Viewing an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Revoking_an_SSH_CA_Certificate">8.3.8. Revoking an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-clients">8.4. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">8.4.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">8.4.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><spa
n class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-sftp">8.4.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-beyondshell">8.5. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">8.5.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">8.5.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">8.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-TigerVNC">9. TigerVNC</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-vnc-server">9.1. VNC Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-vnc-installation">9.1.1. Installing VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-configuring-vnc-server">9.1.2. Configuring VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s
4-starting-vncserver">9.1.3. Starting VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#terminating-vnc-session">9.1.4. Terminating a VNC Session</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s5-vnc-viewer">9.2. VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#installing-vncviewer">9.2.1. Installing VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s6-connecting-vnc-viewer">9.2.2. Connecting to VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-using_ssh">9.2.3. Connecting to VNC Server Using SSH</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s9-additional-sources">9.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Servers">IV. Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Web_Servers">10. Web Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">10.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a>
</span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-changes">10.1.1. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">10.1.2. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-running">10.1.3. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-editing">10.1.4. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-dso">10.1.5. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-virtualhosts">10.1.6. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">10.1.7. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-resources">10.1.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Mail_Servers">11. Mail Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"
><a href="#s1-email-protocols">11.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-send">11.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-client">11.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-types">11.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mta">11.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mda">11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mua">11.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mta">11.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">11.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">11.3.2. Sendmail</a></
span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">11.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-switchmail">11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mda">11.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">11.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes">11.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mua">11.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-security">11.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-additional-resources">11.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-installed-docs">11.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span>
</dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-useful-websites">11.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-related-books">11.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Directory_Servers">12. Directory Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-OpenLDAP">12.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-introduction">12.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-installation">12.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-configuration">12.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-selinux-openldap">12.1.4. SELinux Policy for Applications Using LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-running">12.1.5. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section
"><a href="#s2-ldap-pam">12.1.6. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-resources">12.1.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ldap-related-books">12.1.8. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-File_and_Print_Servers">13. File and Print Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba">13.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">13.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">13.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">13.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share">13.1.4. Mounting the Share</a></sp
an></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">13.1.5. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">13.1.6. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">13.1.7. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Security_Modes">13.1.8. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">13.1.9. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Network_Browsing">13.1.10. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support">13.1.11. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">
13.1.12. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Resources">13.1.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-FTP">13.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-protocol">13.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-servers">13.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">13.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">13.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf">13.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-resources">13.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="
#sec-Printer_Configuration">13.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">13.3.1. Starting the Printers Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Printer">13.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Adding_Other_Printer">13.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-jetdirect-printer">13.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-ipp-printer">13.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer">13.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">13.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-select-model">13.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model
and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-test-page">13.3.9. Printing a Test Page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-edit">13.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-additional-resources">13.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite">14. Configuring NTP Using the chrony Suite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Introduction_to_the_chrony_Suite">14.1. Introduction to the chrony Suite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-differences_between_ntpd_and_chronyd">14.1.1. Differences Between ntpd and chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Choosing_between_NTP_daemon">14.1.2. Choosing Between NTP Daemons</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Understanding_chrony_a
nd-its_configuration">14.2. Understanding chrony and Its Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Understanding_chronyd">14.2.1. Understanding chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Understanding_chronyc">14.2.2. Understanding chronyc</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Understanding_the_chrony_configuration_commands">14.2.3. Understanding the chrony Configuration Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Security_with_chronyc">14.2.4. Security with chronyc</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Using_chrony">14.3. Using chrony</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Installing_chrony">14.3.1. Installing chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Checking_the_Status_of_chronyd">14.3.2. Checking the Status of chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Starting_chronyd">14.3.3. Start
ing chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Stopping_chronyd">14.3.4. Stopping chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Checking_if_chrony_is_synchronized">14.3.5. Checking if chrony is Synchronized</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Manually_Adjusting-the-System_Clock">14.3.6. Manually Adjusting the System Clock</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_different_environments">14.4. Setting Up chrony for Different Environments</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_which_is_infrequently_connected">14.4.1. Setting Up chrony for a System Which is Infrequently Connected</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_in_an_isolated_network">14.4.2. Setting Up chrony for a System in an Isolated Network</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Using
_chronyc">14.5. Using chronyc</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Using_chronyc_chronyc_to_control_chronyd">14.5.1. Using chronyc to Control chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Using_chronyc_for_remote_administration">14.5.2. Using chronyc for Remote Administration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-additional_resources">14.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-chrony-docs-inst">14.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-chrony_Online_Documentation">14.6.2. Online Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd">15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Introduction_to_NTP">15.1. Introduction to NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-NTP_Strata">15.2. NTP Strata</a>
</span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_NTP">15.3. Understanding NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File">15.4. Understanding the Drift File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST">15.5. UTC, Timezones, and DST</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP">15.6. Authentication Options for NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines">15.7. Managing the Time on Virtual Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds">15.8. Understanding Leap Seconds</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File">15.9. Understanding the ntpd Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File">15.10. Understanding the ntpd Sysconfig File</a></span><
/dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Disabling_chrony">15.11. Disabling chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed">15.12. Checking if the NTP Daemon is Installed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd">15.13. Installing the NTP Daemon (ntpd)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP">15.14. Checking the Status of NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets">15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Change_the_firewall_settings">15.15.1. Change the Firewall Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets">15.15.2. Open Ports in the Firewall for NTP Packets</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configur
e_ntpdate_Servers">15.16. Configure ntpdate Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configure_NTP">15.17. Configure NTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Configure_Access_Control_to_an_NTP_service">15.17.1. Configure Access Control to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service">15.17.2. Configure Rate Limiting Access to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address">15.17.3. Adding a Peer Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Server_Address">15.17.4. Adding a Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address">15.17.5. Adding a Broadcast or Multicast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address">15.17.6. Adding a Manycast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt
><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address">15.17.7. Adding a Broadcast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address">15.17.8. Adding a Manycast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address">15.17.9. Adding a Multicast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_the_burst_option">15.17.10. Configuring the Burst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option">15.17.11. Configuring the iburst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key">15.17.12. Configuring Symmetric Authentication Using a Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval">15.17.13. Configuring the Poll Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_Server_Prefere
nce">15.17.14. Configuring Server Preference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets">15.17.15. Configuring the Time-to-Live for NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use">15.17.16. Configuring the NTP Version to Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update">15.18. Configuring the Hardware Clock Update</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources">15.19. Configuring Clock Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ntpd_additional-resources">15.20. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ntpd-docs-inst">15.20.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ntpd_useful-websites">15.20.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href
="#ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l">16. Configuring PTP Using ptp4l</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Introduction_to_PTP">16.1. Introduction to PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Understanding_PTP">16.1.1. Understanding PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Advantages_of_PTP">16.1.2. Advantages of PTP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_PTP">16.2. Using PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_for_Driver_and_Hardware_Support">16.2.1. Checking for Driver and Hardware Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_PTP">16.2.2. Installing PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_ptp4l">16.2.3. Starting ptp4l</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Specifying_a_Configuration_File">16.3. Specifying a Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="se
ction"><a href="#sec-Using_the_PTP_Management_Client">16.4. Using the PTP Management Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Synchronizing_the_Clocks">16.5. Synchronizing the Clocks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Verifying_Time_Synchronization">16.6. Verifying Time Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Serving_PTP_Time_with_NTP">16.7. Serving PTP Time with NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Serving_NTP_Time_with_PTP">16.8. Serving NTP Time with PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Synchronize_to_PTP_or_NTP_Time_Using_timemaster">16.9. Synchronize to PTP or NTP Time Using timemaster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_timemaster_as_a_Service">16.9.1. Starting timemaster as a Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Understanding_the_timemaster_Configuration_File">16.9.2. Understanding the timemas
ter Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options">16.9.3. Configuring timemaster Options</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Improving_Accuracy">16.10. Improving Accuracy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PTP_additional_resources">16.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PTP-docs-inst">16.11.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PTP_useful-websites">16.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Monitoring_and_Automation">V. Monitoring and Automation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-System_Monitoring_Tools">17. System Monitoring Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">17.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">17.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">17.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">17.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">17.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">17.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">17.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-cpu">17.3. Viewing CPU Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">17.3.1. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sy
sinfo-filesystems">17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">17.4.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid">17.4.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx">17.4.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt">17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">17.4.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">17.4.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">17.5. Viewing Hardware Information</a
></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">17.5.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP">17.6. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">17.6.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running">17.6.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring">17.6.3. Configuring N
et-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving">17.6.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending">17.6.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-additional-resources">17.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">17.7.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">18. Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-locating">18.1. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog">18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Filters">18.2.1. Filters</a></span><
/dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Actions">18.2.2. Actions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Templates">18.2.3. Templates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-global_directives">18.2.4. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log_rotation">18.2.5. Log Rotation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-using_the_new_configuration_format">18.3. Using the New Configuration Format</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Rulesets">18.3.1. Rulesets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-compatibility_with_syslogd">18.3.2. Compatibility with syslogd</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog">18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-defining_queues">18.4.1. Defining Queues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-managing_qu
eues">18.4.2. Managing Queues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server">18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_The_New_Template_Syntax_on_a_Logging_Server">18.5.1. Using The New Template Syntax on a Logging Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-using_rsyslog_modules">18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-importing_text_files">18.6.1. Importing Text Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database">18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-enabling_encrypted_transport">18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-using_RELP">18.6.4. Using RELP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-interacti
on_of_rsyslog_and_journal">18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog">18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-importing_data_from_journal">18.8.1. Importing Data from Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-filtering_structured_messages">18.8.2. Filtering Structured Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-parsing_JSON">18.8.3. Parsing JSON</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb">18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-debugging_rsyslog">18.9. Debugging Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server">18.10. Troubleshooting Logging to a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Using_the_Journal">18.11. Using th
e Journal</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Viewing_Log_Files">18.11.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Access_Control">18.11.2. Access Control</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Using_The_Live_View">18.11.3. Using The Live View</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Filtering_Messages">18.11.4. Filtering Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage">18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment">18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-viewing">18.12.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-adding">18.12.2. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-examining">18.12.3.
Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-log-files-additional-resources">18.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Automating_System_Tasks">19. Automating System Tasks</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">19.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Cron-Installing">19.1.1. Installing Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Cron-Running">19.1.2. Running the Crond Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">19.1.3. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">19.1.4. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-access">19.1.5. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-black-whit
e-listing-of-cron-jobs">19.1.6. Black and White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">19.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-At_and_Batch_Installation">19.2.1. Installing At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Atd-Running">19.2.2. Running the At Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">19.2.3. Configuring an At Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-batch-configuring">19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing">19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-commandline-options">19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access">19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Bat
ch</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">19.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-OProfile">20. OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf_vs_opcontrol">20.1.1. operf vs. opcontrol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-using-operf">20.2. Using operf</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-events">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-categorization">20.2.3. Categorization of Samples</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span><
/dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.3.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-events">20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-starting">20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">20.6. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.6.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span cla
ss="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-module-output">20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">20.6.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-example-usage">20.8. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-support">20.9. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.9.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-gui">20.10. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">20.11. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile_additional_reso
urces">20.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration">VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Introduction_to_GRUB_2">21.1. Introduction to GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu">21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool">21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Customizing_the_G
RUB_2_Configuration_File">21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Changing_the_Default_Boot_Entry">21.5.1. Changing the Default Boot Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry">21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Adding_a_new_Entry">21.5.3. Adding a new Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu">21.5.4. Creating a Custom Menu</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection">21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Up_Users_and_Password_Protection_Specifying_Menu_Entries">21.6.1. Setting Up Users and Password Protection, Specifying Menu Entries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Password_Encryption">21.6.2. Password Encryption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><
dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2">21.7. Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_BIOS-Based_Machines">21.7.1. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on BIOS-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_UEFI-Based_Machines">21.7.2. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on UEFI-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Resetting_and_Reinstalling_GRUB_2">21.7.3. Resetting and Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console">21.8. GRUB 2 over a Serial Console</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Menu">21.8.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_screen_to_Connect_to_the_Serial_Console">21.8.2. Using screen to Connect to the Serial Console</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a hre
f="#sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot">21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Booting_to_Rescue_Mode">21.9.1. Booting to Rescue Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode">21.9.2. Booting to Emergency Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password">21.9.3. Changing and Resetting the Root Password</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot">21.10. UEFI Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot_Support_in_Fedora">21.10.1. UEFI Secure Boot Support in Fedora</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader-Additional_Resources">21.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">22. Manually Upgrading the Ker
nel</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-packages">22.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-preparing">22.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-download">22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">22.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">22.6.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel
-boot-loader-pseries">22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules">23. Working with Kernel Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">23.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">23.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">23.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">23.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">23.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-b
oot">23.7. Signing Kernel Modules for Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-prerequisites">23.7.1. Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-kernel-module-authentication">23.7.2. Kernel Module Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-generating-a-public-private-x509-key-pair">23.7.3. Generating a Public and Private X.509 Key Pair</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-enrolling-public-key-on-target-system">23.7.4. Enrolling Public Key on Target System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-signing-kernel-module-with-the-private-key">23.7.5. Signing Kernel Module with the Private Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-loading-signed-kernel-module">23.7.6. Loading Signed Kernel Module</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources">23.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></d
l></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ch-RPM">A. RPM</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-rpm-design">A.1. RPM Design Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-rpm-using">A.2. Using RPM</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">A.2.1. Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">A.2.2. Uninstalling Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-freshening">A.2.3. Freshening Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-querying">A.2.4. Querying Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-verifying">A.2.5. Verifying Packages</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-find-verify-rpm">A.3. Finding and Verifying RPM Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-finding">A.3.1. Finding RPM Packages</a><
/span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">A.3.2. Checking Package Signatures</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">A.4. Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">A.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#app-Revision_History">B. Revision History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="#idm225465268784">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="preface" id="idm225425386560" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 id="idm225425386560" class="title">Preface</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <em class="citetitle">System Administrator's Guide</em> contains information on how to customize the Fedora 24 system to fit your needs. If you are looking for a comprehensive, task-oriented guide for configuring and customizing your system, this is the manual for you.
</div><div class="para">
This manual discusses many intermediate topics such as the following:
@@ -107,11 +107,11 @@
<a class="xref" href="#ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules">Chapter 23, <em>Working with Kernel Modules</em></a> explains how to display, query, load, and unload kernel modules and their dependencies, and how to set module parameters. Additionally, it covers specific kernel module capabilities such as using multiple Ethernet cards and using channel bonding. Read this chapter if you need to work with kernel modules.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="#ch-RPM">Appendix A, <em>RPM</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
This appendix concentrates on the RPM Package Manager (RPM), an open packaging system used by Fedora, and the use of the <code class="command">rpm</code> utility. Read this appendix if you need to use <code class="command">rpm</code> instead of <code class="command">dnf</code>.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="idm263480376192" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="idm263480376192">3. Document Conventions</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="idm225473409088" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="idm225473409088">3. Document Conventions</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
This manual uses several conventions to highlight certain words and phrases and draw attention to specific pieces of information.
</div><div class="para">
In PDF and paper editions, this manual uses typefaces drawn from the <a href="https://fedorahosted.org/liberation-fonts/">Liberation Fonts</a> set. The Liberation Fonts set is also used in HTML editions if the set is installed on your system. If not, alternative but equivalent typefaces are displayed. Note: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and later includes the Liberation Fonts set by default.
- </div><div class="section" id="idm263486274048"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="idm263486274048">3.1. Typographic Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="idm225460700720"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="idm225460700720">3.1. Typographic Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Four typographic conventions are used to call attention to specific words and phrases. These conventions, and the circumstances they apply to, are as follows.
</div><div class="para">
<code class="literal">Mono-spaced Bold</code>
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
Aside from standard usage for presenting the title of a work, italics denotes the first use of a new and important term. For example:
</div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="para">
Publican is a <em class="firstterm">DocBook</em> publishing system.
- </div></blockquote></div></div><div class="section" id="idm263491804992"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="idm263491804992">3.2. Pull-quote Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></blockquote></div></div><div class="section" id="idm225407107760"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="idm225407107760">3.2. Pull-quote Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Terminal output and source code listings are set off visually from the surrounding text.
</div><div class="para">
Output sent to a terminal is set in <code class="computeroutput">mono-spaced roman</code> and presented thus:
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs</pre><div cla
System.<span class="perl_Function">out</span>.<span class="perl_Function">println</span>(<span class="perl_String">"Echo.echo('Hello') = "</span> + echo.<span class="perl_Function">echo</span>(<span class="perl_String">"Hello"</span>));
}
-}</pre></div><div class="section" id="idm263464125376"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="idm263464125376">3.3. Notes and Warnings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+}</pre></div><div class="section" id="idm225436319920"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="idm225436319920">3.3. Notes and Warnings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Finally, we use three visual styles to draw attention to information that might otherwise be overlooked.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Note</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Notes are tips, shortcuts or alternative approaches to the task at hand. Ignoring a note should have no negative consequences, but you might miss out on a trick that makes your life easier.
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs</pre><div cla
Important boxes detail things that are easily missed: configuration changes that only apply to the current session, or services that need restarting before an update will apply. Ignoring a box labeled 'Important' will not cause data loss but may cause irritation and frustration.
</div></div></div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Warning</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Warnings should not be ignored. Ignoring warnings will most likely cause data loss.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="idm263466628000" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="idm263466628000">4. We Need Feedback!</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263468667840" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="idm225453598688" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="idm225453598688">4. We Need Feedback!</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225431451312" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you find a typographical error in this manual, or if you have thought of a way to make this manual better, we would love to hear from you! Please submit a report in Bugzilla: <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?product=Fedora Documentation&component=system-administrator's-guide">https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?product=Fedora Documentation&component=system-administrator's-guide</a>
</div><div class="para">
If you have a suggestion for improving the documentation, try to be as specific as possible when describing it. If you have found an error, please include the section number and some of the surrounding text so we can find it easily.
@@ -202,9 +202,9 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs</pre><div cla
<a class="xref" href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP">Section 17.6, “Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP”</a> is based on an article written by Michael Solberg.
</div><div class="para">
The authors of this book would like to thank the following people for their valuable contributions: Adam Tkáč, Andrew Fitzsimon, Andrius Benokraitis, Brian Cleary Edward Bailey, Garrett LeSage, Jeffrey Fearn, Joe Orton, Joshua Wulf, Karsten Wade, Lucy Ringland, Marcela Mašláňová, Mark Johnson, Michael Behm, Miroslav Lichvár, Radek Vokál, Rahul Kavalapara, Rahul Sundaram, Sandra Moore, Zbyšek Mráz, Jan Včelák, Peter Hutterer, T.C. Hollingsworth, and James Antill, among many others.
- </div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Basic_System_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part I. Basic System Configuration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm263439950288"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Basic_System_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part I. Basic System Configuration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm225491459152"><div></div><div class="para">
This part covers basic system administration tasks such as keyboard configuration, date and time configuration, managing users and groups, and gaining privileges.
- </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Opening_GUI_Applications">1. Opening Graphical Applications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_cli">1.1. Opening graphical applications from the command line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-alt_f2">1.2. Launching Applications with <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F2</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu">1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu-gnome">1.3.1. Using GNOME menus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu-kde">1.3.2. Using KDE menus </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#idm263474255504">1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="ch
apter"><a href="#ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration">2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Setting_the_System_Locale">2.1. Setting the System Locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Status">2.1.1. Displaying the Current Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Listing_Available_Locales">2.1.2. Listing Available Locales</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Setting_the_Locale">2.1.3. Setting the Locale</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout">2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Settings">2.2.1. Displaying the Current Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps">2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#s2-Setting_the_Keymap">2.2.3. Setting the Keymap</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time">3. Configuring the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl">3.1. Using the timedatectl Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Display">3.1.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time">3.1.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Date">3.1.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time_
Zone">3.1.4. Changing the Time Zone</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-NTP">3.1.5. Synchronizing the System Clock with a Remote Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date">3.2. Using the date Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Display">3.2.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Time">3.2.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Date">3.2.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-hwclock">3.3. Using the hwclock Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect2-displaying-time-hwclock">3.3.1. Displaying the C
urrent Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect3-changing-date-time-hwclock">3.3.2. Setting the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect4-synchronizing-date-time-hwclock">3.3.3. Synchronizing the Date and Time</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time-Resources">3.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">4. Managing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-introduction">4.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">4.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">4.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-configui">4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a>
</span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-list">4.2.1. Using the Users Settings Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-tools">4.3. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">4.3.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">4.3.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-logout">4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">4.3.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources">4.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Gaining_Privi
leges">5. Gaining Privileges</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_su_Command">5.1. The su Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_sudo_Command">5.2. The sudo Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Gaining_Privileges-Additional_Resources">5.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 1. Opening Graphical Applications</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_cli">1.1. Opening graphical applications from the command line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-alt_f2">1.2. Launching Applications with <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F2</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu">1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu-gnome">1.3.1. Using GNOME menus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu-kde">1.3.2. Using KDE menus </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#idm263474255504">1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm263479860816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Opening_GUI_Applications">1. Opening Graphical Applications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_cli">1.1. Opening graphical applications from the command line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-alt_f2">1.2. Launching Applications with <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F2</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu">1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu-gnome">1.3.1. Using GNOME menus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu-kde">1.3.2. Using KDE menus </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#idm225499600880">1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="ch
apter"><a href="#ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration">2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Setting_the_System_Locale">2.1. Setting the System Locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Status">2.1.1. Displaying the Current Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Listing_Available_Locales">2.1.2. Listing Available Locales</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Setting_the_Locale">2.1.3. Setting the Locale</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout">2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Settings">2.2.1. Displaying the Current Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps">2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#s2-Setting_the_Keymap">2.2.3. Setting the Keymap</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time">3. Configuring the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl">3.1. Using the timedatectl Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Display">3.1.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time">3.1.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Date">3.1.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time_
Zone">3.1.4. Changing the Time Zone</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-NTP">3.1.5. Synchronizing the System Clock with a Remote Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date">3.2. Using the date Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Display">3.2.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Time">3.2.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Date">3.2.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-hwclock">3.3. Using the hwclock Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect2-displaying-time-hwclock">3.3.1. Displaying the C
urrent Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect3-changing-date-time-hwclock">3.3.2. Setting the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect4-synchronizing-date-time-hwclock">3.3.3. Synchronizing the Date and Time</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time-Resources">3.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">4. Managing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-introduction">4.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">4.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">4.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-configui">4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a>
</span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-list">4.2.1. Using the Users Settings Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-tools">4.3. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">4.3.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">4.3.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-logout">4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">4.3.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources">4.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Gaining_Privi
leges">5. Gaining Privileges</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_su_Command">5.1. The su Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_sudo_Command">5.2. The sudo Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Gaining_Privileges-Additional_Resources">5.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 1. Opening Graphical Applications</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_cli">1.1. Opening graphical applications from the command line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-alt_f2">1.2. Launching Applications with <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F2</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu">1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu-gnome">1.3.1. Using GNOME menus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gui-from_menu-kde">1.3.2. Using KDE menus </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#idm225499600880">1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm225494855616" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora provides graphical applications in addition to command line utilities for configuring many features. This chapter describes methods for opening <code class="literal">Graphical User Interface</code>, or <em class="firstterm">GUI</em>, applications in various environments.
</div><div class="section" id="gui-from_cli"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">1.1. Opening graphical applications from the command line</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
Graphical applications can be launched from a terminal window or console session by simply typing the name of the application.
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ root 23874 0.0 0.0 109184 900 pts/21 S+ 15:35 0:00 grep --color=au
Search functionality is also available in the KDE menu system. To search for applications, open the menu and begin typing. The menu will display matching entries.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-searchmenu_kde"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/searchmenu_KDE.png" alt="Searching with the KDE menu." /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
The KDE menu will search for matching applications if you type into the search box. For example, typing <code class="literal">browser</code> will display installed browsers and other matching entries.
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.9. Searching with the KDE menu. </h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="idm263474255504"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="idm263474255504">1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.9. Searching with the KDE menu. </h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="idm225499600880"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="idm225499600880">1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE have a varied appearance but a very similar structure. They categorize applications, and the contents of a category are displayed by hovering the cursor over the entry. Applications are launched by clicking on an entry.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-menu_lxde"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/menu_LXDE.png" alt="The LXDE menu" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
LXDE Menu
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ root 23874 0.0 0.0 109184 900 pts/21 S+ 15:35 0:00 grep --color=au
MATE menu
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.11. MATE menu </h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="figure" id="fig-menu_xfce"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/menu_XFCE.png" alt="XFCE Menu" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
XFCE Menu
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.12. XFCE Menu </h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Setting_the_System_Locale">2.1. Setting the System Locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Status">2.1.1. Displaying the Current Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Listing_Available_Locales">2.1.2. Listing Available Locales</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Setting_the_Locale">2.1.3. Setting the Locale</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout">2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect
ion"><a href="#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Settings">2.2.1. Displaying the Current Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps">2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Setting_the_Keymap">2.2.3. Setting the Keymap</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm263463391824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.12. XFCE Menu </h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Setting_the_System_Locale">2.1. Setting the System Locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Status">2.1.1. Displaying the Current Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Listing_Available_Locales">2.1.2. Listing Available Locales</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Setting_the_Locale">2.1.3. Setting the Locale</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout">2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect
ion"><a href="#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Settings">2.2.1. Displaying the Current Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps">2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Setting_the_Keymap">2.2.3. Setting the Keymap</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm225456551088" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="emphasis"><em>system locale</em></span> specifies the language settings of system services and user interfaces. The <span class="emphasis"><em>keyboard layout</em></span> settings control the layout used on the text console and graphical user interfaces.
</div><div class="para">
These settings can be made by modifying the <code class="filename">/etc/locale.conf</code> configuration file or by using the <span class="application"><strong>localectl</strong></span> utility. Also, you can use the graphical user interface to perform the task; for a description of this method, see <a href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide">Fedora Installation Guide</a>.
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ en_BW.utf8
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>locale</code></em> with the locale name, found with the <code class="command">localectl</code> <code class="option">list-locales</code> command. The above syntax can also be used to configure parameters from <a class="xref" href="#tab-locale_options">Table 2.1, “Options configurable in /etc/locale.conf”</a>.
</div><div class="example"><h6>Example 2.3. Changing the Default Locale</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
For example, if you want to set British English as your default locale, first find the name of this locale by using <code class="option">list-locales</code>. Then, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>, type the command in the following form:
- </div><pre class="synopsis">~]# <code class="command">localectl</code> <code class="option">set-locale</code> <code class="option">LANG</code>=<code class="literal">en_GB.utf8</code></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263422753072" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263422751472" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="synopsis">~]# <code class="command">localectl</code> <code class="option">set-locale</code> <code class="option">LANG</code>=<code class="literal">en_GB.utf8</code></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225451167712" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225451082544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The keyboard layout settings enable the user to control the layout used on the text console and graphical user interfaces.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-Displaying_the_Current_Settings"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">2.2.1. Displaying the Current Settings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
As mentioned before, you can check your current keyboard layout configuration with the following command:
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ Tue 15 Apr 2014 04:23:46 PM CEST -0.329272 seconds</pre><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">hwclock</code>(8) — The manual page for the <code class="command">hwclock</code> command provides a complete list of supported command line options.
</div></li></ul></div><h3 id="brid-Date_and_Time-Resources-Also">See Also</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="#ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration">Chapter 2, <em>System Locale and Keyboard Configuration</em></a> documents how to configure the keyboard layout.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 4. Managing Users and Groups</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-introduction">4.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">4.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">4.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-configui">4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-list">4.2.1. Using the Users Settings Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-tools">4.3. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><spa
n class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">4.3.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">4.3.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-logout">4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">4.3.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources">4.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm263490592704" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263437778128" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263463991376" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263460637120" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 4. Managing Users and Groups</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-introduction">4.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">4.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">4.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-configui">4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-list">4.2.1. Using the Users Settings Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-tools">4.3. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><spa
n class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">4.3.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">4.3.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-logout">4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">4.3.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources">4.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm225463047728" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454020736" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225430890304" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225501295232" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The control of users and groups is a core element of Fedora system administration. This chapter explains how to add, manage, and delete users and groups in the graphical user interface and on the command line, and covers advanced topics, such as creating group directories.
</div><div class="section" id="s1-users-groups-introduction"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">4.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
While users can be either people (meaning accounts tied to physical users) or accounts which exist for specific applications to use, groups are logical expressions of organization, tying users together for a common purpose. Users within a group share the same permissions to read, write, or execute files owned by that group.
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ Tue 15 Apr 2014 04:23:46 PM CEST -0.329272 seconds</pre><div class="para">
Each user is associated with a unique numerical identification number called a <em class="firstterm">user ID</em> (<acronym class="acronym">UID</acronym>). Likewise, each group is associated with a <em class="firstterm">group ID</em> (<acronym class="acronym">GID</acronym>). A user who creates a file is also the owner and group owner of that file. The file is assigned separate read, write, and execute permissions for the owner, the group, and everyone else. The file owner can be changed only by <code class="systemitem">root</code>, and access permissions can be changed by both the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user and file owner.
</div><div class="para">
Additionally, Fedora supports <em class="firstterm">access control lists</em> (<acronym class="acronym">ACLs</acronym>) for files and directories which allow permissions for specific users outside of the owner to be set. For more information about this feature, see the <a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/ht…"><em class="citetitle">Access Control Lists</em></a> chapter of the <a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/ht…"><em class="citetitle">Storage Administration Guide</em></a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-private-groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.1.1. User Private Groups</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263485912512" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263485911072" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263485909632" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-private-groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.1.1. User Private Groups</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225469381792" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225469763952" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225426120864" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora uses a <em class="firstterm">user private group</em> (<em class="firstterm">UPG</em>) scheme, which makes UNIX groups easier to manage. A user private group is created whenever a new user is added to the system. It has the same name as the user for which it was created and that user is the only member of the user private group.
</div><div class="para">
User private groups make it safe to set default permissions for a newly created file or directory, allowing both the user and <span class="emphasis"><em>the group of that user</em></span> to make modifications to the file or directory.
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ Tue 15 Apr 2014 04:23:46 PM CEST -0.329272 seconds</pre><div class="para">
The setting which determines what permissions are applied to a newly created file or directory is called a <em class="firstterm">umask</em> and is configured in the <code class="filename">/etc/bashrc</code> file. Traditionally on UNIX-based systems, the <code class="command">umask</code> is set to <code class="command">022</code>, which allows only the user who created the file or directory to make modifications. Under this scheme, all other users, <span class="emphasis"><em>including members of the creator's group</em></span>, are not allowed to make any modifications. However, under the UPG scheme, this <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">group protection</span>”</span> is not necessary since every user has their own private group.
</div><div class="para">
A list of all groups is stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/group</code> configuration file.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.1.2. Shadow Passwords</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263487163840" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487162400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.1.2. Shadow Passwords</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225451250864" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225451249424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In environments with multiple users, it is very important to use <em class="firstterm">shadow passwords</em> provided by the <span class="package">shadow-utils</span> package to enhance the security of system authentication files. For this reason, the installation program enables shadow passwords by default.
</div><div class="para">
The following is a list of the advantages shadow passwords have over the traditional way of storing passwords on UNIX-based systems:
@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ Tue 15 Apr 2014 04:23:46 PM CEST -0.329272 seconds</pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">usermod</code> command with the <code class="option">-e, --expiredate</code> or <code class="option">-f, --inactive</code> option.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The <code class="command">useradd</code> command with the <code class="option">-e, --expiredate</code> or <code class="option">-f, --inactive</code> option.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-users-configui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263469223728" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263469222288" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263469220848" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263513362288" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263513360848" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-users-configui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225467941664" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225467940224" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225475560688" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225475559248" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225445607648" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Users</strong></span> utility allows you to view, modify, add, and delete local users in the graphical user interface.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-list"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.2.1. Using the Users Settings Tool</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Press the <span class="keycap"><strong>Super</strong></span> key to enter the Activities Overview, type <code class="command">Users</code> and then press <span class="keycap"><strong>Enter</strong></span>. The <span class="application"><strong>Users</strong></span> settings tool appears. The <span class="keycap"><strong>Super</strong></span> key appears in a variety of guises, depending on the keyboard and other hardware, but often as either the Windows or Command key, and typically to the left of the Spacebar.
@@ -700,7 +700,7 @@ Tue 15 Apr 2014 04:23:46 PM CEST -0.329272 seconds</pre><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Users</strong></span> settings tool
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 4.1. The Users Settings Tool</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
When a new user is created, the account is disabled until a password is set. The <span class="guimenu"><strong>Add User</strong></span> menu contains the options to set a password by the administrator immediately, or to allow the user to choose a password at the first login.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-users-tools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">4.3. Using Command Line Tools</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263436562208" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263436560128" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490975024" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-users-tools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">4.3. Using Command Line Tools</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225436429664" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225436427584" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454129024" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Apart from the <span class="application"><strong>Users</strong></span> settings tool described in <a class="xref" href="#s1-users-configui">Section 4.2, “Managing Users in a Graphical Environment”</a>, which is designed for basic managing of users, you can use command line tools for managing users and groups that are listed in <a class="xref" href="#table-users-tools">Table 4.1, “Command line utilities for managing users and groups”</a>.
</div><div class="table" id="table-users-tools"><h6>Table 4.1. Command line utilities for managing users and groups</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Command line utilities for managing users and groups" border="1"><colgroup><col width="35%" class="utilities" /><col width="65%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Utilities
@@ -734,11 +734,11 @@ Tue 15 Apr 2014 04:23:46 PM CEST -0.329272 seconds</pre><div class="para">
<code class="command">grpconv</code>, <code class="command">grpunconv</code>
</td><td class="">
Similar to the previous, these utilities can be used for conversion of shadowed information for group accounts.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-users-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.1. Adding a New User</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263489600928" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489599200" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480028112" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-users-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.1. Adding a New User</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225425098624" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225425096896" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472438192" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To add a new user to the system, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">useradd</code> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></pre><div class="para">
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em> are command-line options as described in <a class="xref" href="#table-useradd-options">Table 4.2, “Common useradd command-line options”</a>.
- </div><a id="idm263392971808" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225452290832" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, the <code class="command">useradd</code> command creates a locked user account. To unlock the account, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code> to assign a password:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">passwd</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Optionally, you can set a password aging policy. See <a class="xref" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Section 4.3.3, “Enabling Password Aging”</a> for information on how to enable password aging.
@@ -870,7 +870,7 @@ drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Mar 3 18:23 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 juan juan 124 Jul 09 08:43 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x. 4 juan juan 4096 Jul 09 08:43 .mozilla</pre></li></ol></div><div class="para">
At this point, a locked account called <code class="systemitem">juan</code> exists on the system. To activate it, the administrator must next assign a password to the account using the <code class="command">passwd</code> command and, optionally, set password aging guidelines.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-groups-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.2. Adding a New Group</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263458079696" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263458078096" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-groups-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.2. Adding a New Group</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225454190512" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454188912" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To add a new group to the system, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">groupadd</code> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>group_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em> are command-line options as described in <a class="xref" href="#table-groupadd-options">Table 4.3, “Common groupadd command-line options”</a>.
@@ -902,11 +902,11 @@ drwxr-xr-x. 4 juan juan 4096 Jul 09 08:43 .mozilla</pre></li></ol></div><div cla
<code class="option">-r</code>
</td><td class="">
Create a system group with a GID less than 1000.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-password-aging"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263490368976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490367536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490366096" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490365168" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263392888144" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-password-aging"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225475450880" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225475449440" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225475592128" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225475591200" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225458141792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For security reasons, it is advisable to require users to change their passwords periodically. This can be done by using the <code class="command">chage</code> command.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Shadow passwords must be enabled to use chage</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Shadow passwords must be enabled to use the <code class="command">chage</code> command. For more information, see <a class="xref" href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Section 4.1.2, “Shadow Passwords”</a>.
- </div></div></div><a id="idm263392882848" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><a id="idm225459175072" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To configure password expiration for a user from a shell prompt, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">chage</code> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></pre><div class="para">
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em> are command line options as described in <a class="xref" href="#table-chage-options">Table 4.4, “chage command line options”</a>. When the <code class="command">chage</code> command is followed directly by a username (that is, when no command line options are specified), it displays the current password aging values and allows you to change them interactively.
@@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ autodetach off</pre><div class="para">
This way, a password will be required to unlock the session.
</div></li></ol></div><div class="para">
The changes take effect the next time a user logs in to the system.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-groups-directories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.5. Creating Group Directories</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263488801232" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263522082464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-groups-directories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.5. Creating Group Directories</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225470253440" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225492735888" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
System administrators usually like to create a group for each major project and assign people to the group when they need to access that project's files. With this traditional scheme, file management is difficult; when someone creates a file, it is associated with the primary group to which they belong. When a single person works on multiple projects, it becomes difficult to associate the right files with the right group. However, with the UPG scheme, groups are automatically assigned to files created within a directory with the <em class="firstterm">setgid</em> bit set. The setgid bit makes managing group projects that share a common directory very simple because any files a user creates within the directory are owned by the group that owns the directory.
</div><div class="para">
For example, a group of people need to work on files in the <code class="filename">/opt/myproject/</code> directory. Some people are trusted to modify the contents of this directory, but not everyone.
@@ -1006,9 +1006,9 @@ autodetach off</pre><div class="para">
drwxrwsr-x. 3 root myproject 4096 Mar 3 18:31 /opt/myproject
</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Add users to the <code class="systemitem">myproject</code> group:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">usermod -aG myproject <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></pre></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">4.4. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263433609120" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263433607680" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">usermod -aG myproject <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></pre></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">4.4. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225454386400" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454384960" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For more information on how to manage users and groups on Fedora, see the resources listed below.
- </div><h3 id="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources-Installed">Installed Documentation</h3><a id="idm263449152000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263449150080" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h3 id="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources-Installed">Installed Documentation</h3><a id="idm225453850048" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225437322608" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For information about various utilities for managing users and groups, see the following manual pages:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">useradd</code>(8) — The manual page for the <code class="command">useradd</code> command documents how to use it to create new users.
@@ -1111,17 +1111,17 @@ drwxrwsr-x. 3 root myproject 4096 Mar 3 18:31 /opt/myproject
Opening a new shell as <code class="systemitem">root</code> in this or similar fashion gives the attacker administrative access for a theoretically unlimited amount of time, bypassing the timeout period specified in the <code class="filename">/etc/sudoers</code> file and never requiring the attacker to input a password for <code class="command">sudo</code> again until the newly opened session is closed.
</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Gaining_Privileges-Additional_Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">5.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
While programs allowing users to gain administrative privileges are a potential security risk, security itself is beyond the scope of this particular book. You should therefore refer to the resources listed below for more information regarding security and privileged access.
- </div><h3 id="idm263473942000">Installed Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><h3 id="idm225467768832">Installed Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">su</code>(1) — The manual page for <code class="command">su</code> provides information regarding the options available with this command.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">sudo</code>(8) — The manual page for <code class="command">sudo</code> includes a detailed description of this command and lists options available for customizing its behavior.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">pam</code>(8) — The manual page describing the use of Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) for Linux.
- </div></li></ul></div><h3 id="idm263439313472">Online Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><h3 id="idm225452478544">Online Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The <a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/ht…">Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Security Guide</a> provides a more in-depth look at potential security issues pertaining to setuid programs as well as techniques used to alleviate these risks.
- </div></li></ul></div><h3 id="idm263497238944">See Also</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><h3 id="idm225461893840">See Also</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Chapter 4, <em>Managing Users and Groups</em></a> documents how to manage system users and groups in the graphical user interface and on the command line.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Package_Management"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part II. Package Management</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm263467145488"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Package_Management"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part II. Package Management</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm225468756352"><div></div><div class="para">
All software on a Fedora system is divided into RPM packages, which can be installed, upgraded, or removed. This part describes how to manage packages on Fedora using <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span>.
</div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-DNF">6. DNF</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">6.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_For_Updates">6.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Updating_Packages">6.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">6.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">6.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Searching_Packages">6.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Packages">6.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="
section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">6.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing">6.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Removing">6.2.5. Removing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-DNF-Transaction_History">6.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories">6.3. Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_main_Options">6.3.1. Setting [main] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_repository_Options">6.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_DNF_Variables">6.3.3. Using DNF Variables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration">6.4. Viewi
ng the Current Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories">6.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Additional_Resources">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-DNF" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 6. DNF</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">6.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_For_Updates">6.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Updating_Packages">6.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">6.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><
dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">6.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Searching_Packages">6.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Packages">6.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">6.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing">6.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Removing">6.2.5. Removing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-DNF-Transaction_History">6.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories">6.3. Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_main_Options">6.3.1. Setting [main] O
ptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_repository_Options">6.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_DNF_Variables">6.3.3. Using DNF Variables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration">6.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories">6.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Additional_Resources">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> is the The Fedora Project package manager that is able to query for information about packages, fetch packages from repositories, install and uninstall packages using automatic dependency resolution, and update an entire system to the latest available packages. DNF performs automatic dependency resolution on packages you are updating, installing or removing, and thus is able to automatically determine, fetch and install all available dependent packages. DNF can be configured with new, additional repositories, or <em class="firstterm">package sources</em>, and also provides many plug-ins which enhance and extend its capabilities. DNF is able to perform many of the same tasks that <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> can; additionally, many of the command line options are similar. DNF enables easy and simple package management on a single machine or on groups of them.
@@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ drwxrwsr-x. 3 root myproject 4096 Mar 3 18:31 /opt/myproject
Learning DNF is a worthwhile investment because it is often the fastest way to perform system administration tasks, and it provides capabilities beyond those provided by the <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> graphical package management tools.
</div><div class="note" id="note-Note_DNF_and_Superuser_Privileges"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>DNF and superuser privileges</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
You must have superuser privileges in order to use the <code class="command">dnf</code> command to install, update or remove packages on your system. All examples in this chapter assume that you have already obtained superuser privileges by using either the <code class="command">su</code> or <code class="command">sudo</code> command.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Checking_For_Updates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.1.1. Checking For Updates</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263499679168" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Checking_For_Updates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.1.1. Checking For Updates</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225459729360" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The quickest way to check for updates is to attempt to install any available updates by using the <code class="command">dnf upgrade</code> command as follows:
<pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf upgrade</code>
Last metadata expiration check performed 1:24:32 ago on Thu May 14 23:23:51 2015.
@@ -1163,9 +1163,9 @@ python-libs.x86_64 2.7.9-6.fc22 updates</pre><div class=
<code class="computeroutput">6.fc22</code> — the release of the updated package,
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="computeroutput">updates-testing</code> — the repository in which the updated package is located.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Updating_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.1.2. Updating Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263395757200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Updating_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.1.2. Updating Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225434819584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can choose to update a single package, multiple packages, or all packages at once. If any dependencies of the package, or packages, you update have updates available themselves, then they are updated too.
- </div><h4 id="bh-Updating_a_Single_Package"> Updating a Single Package </h4><a id="idm263395754464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="bh-Updating_a_Single_Package"> Updating a Single Package </h4><a id="idm225394667568" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To update a single package, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">dnf</code> <code class="option">upgrade</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
For example, to update the <span class="package">python</span> package, type:
@@ -1198,11 +1198,11 @@ Is this ok [y/N]:</pre><div class="para">
DNF always <span class="emphasis"><em>installs</em></span> a new kernel in the same sense that <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> installs a new kernel when you use the command <code class="command">rpm -i kernel</code>. Therefore, you do not need to worry about the distinction between <span class="emphasis"><em>installing</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>upgrading</em></span> a kernel package when you use the <code class="command">dnf</code> command: it will do the right thing, regardless of whether you are using the <code class="command">dnf upgrade</code> or <code class="command">dnf install</code> command.
</div><div class="para">
When using <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, on the other hand, it is important to use the <code class="command">rpm -i kernel</code> command (which installs a new kernel) instead of <code class="command">rpm -u kernel</code> (which <span class="emphasis"><em>replaces</em></span> the current kernel). See <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Section A.2.1, “Installing and Upgrading Packages”</a> for more information on installing and updating kernels with <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>.
- </div></div></div><h4 id="bh-Updating_All_Packages_and_Their_Dependencies"> Updating All Packages and Their Dependencies </h4><a id="idm263474284464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><h4 id="bh-Updating_All_Packages_and_Their_Dependencies"> Updating All Packages and Their Dependencies </h4><a id="idm225440751424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To update all packages and their dependencies, enter <code class="command">dnf upgrade</code> without any arguments:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">dnf upgrade</code></pre></div><div class="section" id="sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263491387024" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">dnf upgrade</code></pre></div><div class="section" id="sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225440729600" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You will inevitably make changes to the configuration files installed by packages as you use your Fedora system. <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, which DNF uses to perform changes to the system, provides a mechanism for ensuring their integrity. See <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Section A.2.1, “Installing and Upgrading Packages”</a> for details on how to manage changes to configuration files across package upgrades.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.2. Packages and Package Groups</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263449507104" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263449505696" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="sec-Searching_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.1. Searching Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263449503232" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263450735216" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.2. Packages and Package Groups</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225492822224" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225492820816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="sec-Searching_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.1. Searching Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225440747616" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225436563184" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can search all <acronym class="acronym">RPM</acronym> package names and summaries by using the following command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">dnf</code> <code class="option">search</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>term</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
Add the <code class="option">all</code> to match against descriptions and URLs.
@@ -1217,11 +1217,11 @@ python-meld3.x86_64 : HTML/XML templating system for Python
============================= N/S Matched: kompare =============================
komparator.x86_64 : Kompare and merge two folders
- Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.</pre><a id="idm263477930896" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477929008" class="indexterm"></a></div><div class="section" id="sec-Listing_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.2. Listing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263436703952" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263436702064" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.</pre><a id="idm225457053440" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225458127728" class="indexterm"></a></div><div class="section" id="sec-Listing_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.2. Listing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225440720192" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225440718304" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="command">dnf list</code> and related commands provide information about packages, package groups, and repositories.
</div><div class="para">
All of DNF's list commands allow you to filter the results by appending one or more <em class="firstterm">glob expressions</em> as arguments. Glob expressions are normal strings of characters which contain one or more of the wildcard characters <code class="command">*</code> (which expands to match any character multiple times) and <code class="command">?</code> (which expands to match any one character).
- </div><div class="note" id="note-Tip-Filtering_Results_with_Glob_Expressions"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Filtering results with glob expressions</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="idm263440728288" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263440726400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="note" id="note-Tip-Filtering_Results_with_Glob_Expressions"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Filtering results with glob expressions</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="idm225443639424" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225474209232" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Be careful to escape the glob expressions when passing them as arguments to a <code class="command">dnf</code> command, otherwise the Bash shell will interpret these expressions as <em class="firstterm">pathname expansions</em>, and potentially pass all files in the current directory that match the globs to DNF. To make sure the glob expressions are passed to DNF as intended, either:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
escape the wildcard characters by preceding them with a backslash character; or,
@@ -1257,8 +1257,8 @@ abrt-addon-vmcore.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System
abrt-addon-xorg.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System
abrt-plugin-bodhi.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System
Available Packages
-abrt-addon-upload-watch.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 fedora</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263459139296" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="idm263466635952" class="indexterm"></a>
+abrt-addon-upload-watch.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 fedora</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225440743632" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225435301488" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">dnf list all</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists all installed <span class="emphasis"><em>and</em></span> available packages.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_all_installed_and_available_packages"><h6>Example 6.2. Listing all installed and available packages</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf list all</code>
@@ -1270,8 +1270,8 @@ PackageKit.x86_64 1.0.6-4.fc22 @System
PackageKit-glib.x86_64 1.0.6-4.fc22 @System
aajohan-comfortaa-fonts.noarch 2.004-4.fc22 @System
abrt.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System
-<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263477829392" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="idm263477827504" class="indexterm"></a>
+<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225470338480" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225414398768" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">dnf list installed</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists all packages installed on your system. The rightmost column in the output lists the repository from which the package was retrieved.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_installed_packages_using_a_double-quoted_glob_expression"><h6>Example 6.3. Listing installed packages using a double-quoted glob expression</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
@@ -1280,8 +1280,8 @@ abrt.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System
Last metadata expiration check performed 0:34:45 ago on Mon May 25 23:38:13 2015.
Installed Packages
krb5-libs.x86_64 1.13.1-3.fc22 @System
-krb5-workstation.x86_64 1.13.1-3.fc22 @System</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475184448" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="idm263490817776" class="indexterm"></a>
+krb5-workstation.x86_64 1.13.1-3.fc22 @System</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225446466976" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225446465088" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">dnf list available</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists all available packages in all enabled repositories.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_available_packages_using_a_single_glob_expression_with_escaped_wildcards"><h6>Example 6.4. Listing available packages using a single glob expression with escaped wildcard characters</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
@@ -1295,8 +1295,8 @@ gstreamer-plugins-bad-free.i686 0.10.23-24.fc22 fedora
gstreamer-plugins-bad-free.x86_64 0.10.23-24.fc22 fedora
gstreamer-plugins-bad-free-devel.i686 0.10.23-24.fc22 fedora
gstreamer-plugins-bad-free-devel.x86_64 0.10.23-24.fc22 fedora
- <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475603888" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="idm263475602000" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225440722624" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225440720736" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">dnf group list</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists all package groups.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_all_package_groups"><h6>Example 6.5. Listing all package groups</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf group list</code>
@@ -1308,16 +1308,16 @@ Installed Groups:
Dial-up Networking Support
Fonts
GNOME Desktop Environment
-<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263464061440" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="idm263489730688" class="indexterm"></a>
+<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225463634240" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225463632352" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">dnf repolist</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists the repository ID, name, and number of packages it provides for each <span class="emphasis"><em>enabled</em></span> repository.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_enabled_repositories"><h6>Example 6.6. Listing enabled repositories</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf repolist</code>
Last metadata expiration check performed 0:48:29 ago on Mon May 25 23:38:13 2015.
repo id repo name status
*fedora Fedora 22 - x86_64 44,762
-*updates Fedora 22 - x86_64 - Updates 0</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263485719280" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="idm263485717392" class="indexterm"></a>
+*updates Fedora 22 - x86_64 - Updates 0</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225442228128" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225446624064" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">dnf repository-packages <em class="replaceable"><code>repo_id</code></em> list</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists the packages from the specified repository.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_packages_from_a_single_repositories"><h6>Example 6.7. Listing packages from a single repository</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf repository-packages fedora list [<code class="option">option</code>]</code>
@@ -1328,7 +1328,7 @@ PackageKit-glib.x86_64 1.0.6-3.fc22 @System
aajohan-comfortaa-fonts.noarch 2.004-4.fc22 @System
<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre><div class="para">
The default action is to list all packages available and installed from the repository specified. Add the <code class="option">available</code> or <code class="option">installed</code> option to list only those packages available or installed from the specified repository.
- </div></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Displaying_Package_Information"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.3. Displaying Package Information</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263476854016" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263476852128" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Displaying_Package_Information"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.3. Displaying Package Information</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225451345472" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225418828512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To display information about one or more packages, use a command as follows:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">dnf</code> <code class="option">info</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
For example, to display information about the <span class="package">abrt</span> package, type:
@@ -1348,7 +1348,7 @@ URL : https://github.com/abrt/abrt/wiki/ABRT-Project
License : GPLv2+
Description : abrt is a tool to help users to detect defects in applications and
: to create a bug report with all information needed by maintainer to fix it.
- : It uses plugin system to extend its functionality.</pre><a id="idm263477662976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477661056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ : It uses plugin system to extend its functionality.</pre><a id="idm225435683008" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225464067424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">dnf info <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em></code> command is similar to the <code class="command">rpm -q --info <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em></code> command, but provides as additional information the name of the DNF repository the RPM package was installed from (look for the <code class="computeroutput">From repo:</code> line in the output). The <code class="command">dnf info</code> command shows only the newest available package if there is a newer version available than the one installed. The <code class="command">dnf repoquery</code> command can show <span class="bold bold"><strong>all</strong></span> installed and available packages.
</div><div class="para">
To display information about all available packages, both installed and available from a repository, use a command as follows:
@@ -1375,7 +1375,7 @@ It uses plugin system to extend its functionality.</pre><div class="para">
<pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">dnf repoquery -h</code>
usage: dnf [options] COMMAND
<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">output truncated</span></em></pre>
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Installing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.4. Installing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263423138272" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263393220480" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Installing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.4. Installing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225493808944" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225461128624" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
DNF allows you to install both a single package and multiple packages, as well as a package group of your choice.
</div><h4 id="bh-Installing_Individual_packages"> Installing Individual Packages </h4><div class="para">
To install a single package and all of its non-installed dependencies, enter a command in the following form:
@@ -1396,7 +1396,7 @@ Using metadata from Thu Apr 16 13:41:45 2015 (4:23:50 hours old)
bind-32:9.10.2-1.fc22.x86_64 : The Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) DNS (Domain Name System) server
Repo : @System</pre><div class="para">
<code class="command">dnf provides "*/<em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em>"</code> will find all the packages that contain <em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em>.
- </div></div></div><h4 id="bh-Installing_a_Package_Group"> Installing a Package Group </h4><a id="idm263487450464" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487449056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><h4 id="bh-Installing_a_Package_Group"> Installing a Package Group </h4><a id="idm225430329488" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225430328080" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A package group is similar to a package: it is not useful by itself, but installing one pulls a group of dependent packages that serve a common purpose. A package group has a name and a <em class="firstterm">groupid</em> (<acronym class="acronym">GID</acronym>). The <code class="command">dnf group list -v</code> command lists the names of all package groups, and, next to each of them, their groupid in parentheses. The groupid is always the term in the last pair of parentheses, such as <code class="literal">kde-desktop-environment</code> in the following example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf -v group list kde\*</code>
cachedir: /var/cache/dnf/x86_64/22
@@ -1421,9 +1421,9 @@ Available environment groups:
For example, the following are alternative but equivalent ways of installing the <code class="literal">KDE Plasma Workspaces</code> group:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf group install "KDE Plasma Workspaces"</code>
~]# <code class="command">dnf group install kde-desktop-environment</code>
-~]# <code class="command">dnf install @kde-desktop-environment</code></pre></div><div class="section" id="sec-Removing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.5. Removing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263489925248" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489923840" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+~]# <code class="command">dnf install @kde-desktop-environment</code></pre></div><div class="section" id="sec-Removing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.5. Removing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225470691856" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470690448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Similarly to package installation, DNF allows you to uninstall (remove in <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> and DNF terminology) both individual packages and a package group.
- </div><h4 id="bh-Removing_Individual_Packages"> Removing Individual Packages </h4><a id="idm263496643472" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496641584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="bh-Removing_Individual_Packages"> Removing Individual Packages </h4><a id="idm225435869360" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225435159136" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To uninstall a particular package, as well as any packages that depend on it, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">dnf</code> <code class="option">remove</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
As when you install multiple packages, you can remove several at once by adding more package names to the command. For example, to remove <span class="package">totem</span>, <span class="package">rhythmbox</span>, and <span class="package">sound-juicer</span>, type the following at a shell prompt:
@@ -1524,7 +1524,7 @@ ID | Login user | Date a | Action | Altere
Both commands also accept the <code class="literal">last</code> keyword to undo or repeat the latest transaction.
</div><div class="para">
Note that both <code class="command">dnf history undo</code> and <code class="command">dnf history redo</code> commands merely revert or repeat the steps that were performed during a transaction, and will fail if the required packages are not available. For example, if the transaction installed a new package, the <code class="command">dnf history undo</code> command will uninstall it and also attempt to downgrade all updated packages to their previous version, but the command will fail if the required packages are not available.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.3. Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263480400256" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480398848" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.3. Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225430968752" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225435790656" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The configuration file for DNF and related utilities is located at <code class="filename">/etc/dnf/dnf.conf</code>. This file contains one mandatory <code class="literal">[main]</code> section, which allows you to set DNF options that have global effect, and may also contain one or more <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> sections, which allow you to set repository-specific options. However, it is recommended to define individual repositories in new or existing <code class="filename">.repo</code> files in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.repos.d/</code> directory. The values you define in individual <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> sections of the <code class="filename">/etc/dnf/dnf.conf</code> file override values set in the <code class="literal">[main]</code> section.
</div><div class="para">
This section shows you how to:
@@ -1538,7 +1538,7 @@ ID | Login user | Date a | Action | Altere
add, enable, and disable DNF repositories on the command line; and,
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
set up your own custom DNF repository.
- </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_main_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.3.1. Setting [main] Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263452724624" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_main_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.3.1. Setting [main] Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225434647264" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/dnf/dnf.conf</code> configuration file contains exactly one <code class="literal">[main]</code> section, and while some of the key-value pairs in this section affect how <code class="command">dnf</code> operates, others affect how DNF treats repositories. You can add many additional options under the <code class="literal">[main]</code> section heading in <code class="filename">/etc/dnf/dnf.conf</code>.
</div><div class="para">
A sample <code class="filename">/etc/dnf/dnf.conf</code> configuration file can look like this:
@@ -1577,7 +1577,7 @@ clean_requirements_on_remove=true</pre><div class="para">
<code class="literal">1</code> — Retain the cache after a successful installation.
</div></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
For a complete list of available <code class="literal">[main]</code> options, refer to the <code class="literal">[MAIN] OPTIONS</code> section of the <span class="bold bold"><strong>dnf.conf</strong></span>(5) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_repository_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263393012400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_repository_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225463854080" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> sections, where <em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em> is a unique repository ID such as <code class="literal">my_personal_repo</code> (spaces are not permitted), allow you to define individual DNF repositories.
</div><div class="para">
The following is a bare-minimum example of the form a <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> section takes:
@@ -1615,7 +1615,7 @@ baseurl=<em class="replaceable"><code>repository_url</code></em></pre><div class
Turning repositories on and off can also be performed by passing either the <code class="option">--set-enabled <em class="replaceable"><code>repo_name</code></em></code> or <code class="option">--set-disabled <em class="replaceable"><code>repo_name</code></em></code> option to the <code class="command">dnf</code> command, or through the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Add/Remove Software</strong></span> window of the <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> utility.
</div></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Many more <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> options exist. For a complete list, refer to the <code class="literal">[repository] OPTIONS</code> section of the <span class="bold bold"><strong>dnf.conf</strong></span>(5) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Using_DNF_Variables"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.3.3. Using DNF Variables</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263449997184" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Using_DNF_Variables"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.3.3. Using DNF Variables</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225428392944" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Variables can be used only in the appropriate sections of the DNF configuration files, namely the <code class="filename">/etc/dnf/dnf.conf</code> file and all <code class="filename">.repo</code> files in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.repos.d/</code> directory. Repository variables include:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="varname">$releasever</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Refers to the release version of operating system which DNF derives from information available in RPMDB.
@@ -1635,7 +1635,7 @@ bandwidth = 0
best = False
bugtracker_url = https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?product=Fedora&component=dnf
cachedir = /var/cache/dnf/x86_64/22
-<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div><div class="section" id="sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263494876320" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div><div class="section" id="sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225427511168" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="#sec-Setting_repository_Options">Section 6.3.2, “Setting [repository] Options”</a> describes various options you can use to define a DNF repository. This section explains how to add, enable, and disable a repository by using the <code class="command">dnf config-manager</code> command.
</div><h3 id="bh-Managing_DNF_Repositories-Adding"> Adding a DNF Repository </h3><div class="para">
To define a new repository, you can either add a <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> section to the <code class="filename">/etc/dnf/dnf.conf</code> file, or to a <code class="filename">.repo</code> file in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.repos.d/</code> directory. All files with the <code class="filename">.repo</code> file extension in this directory are read by DNF, and it is recommended to define your repositories here instead of in <code class="filename">/etc/dnf/dnf.conf</code>.
@@ -1654,21 +1654,21 @@ adding repo from: http://www.example.com/example.repo</pre></div></div><br class
To disable a DNF repository, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">dnf config-manager</code> <code class="option">--set-disabled</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em> is the unique repository ID. To display the current configuration, add the <code class="option">--dump</code> option.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Additional_Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263479630544" class="indexterm"></a><h3 id="bh-DNF-Resources-Installed">Installed Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Additional_Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225453696016" class="indexterm"></a><h3 id="bh-DNF-Resources-Installed">Installed Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">dnf(8)</code> — The DNF command reference manual page.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">dnf.conf(8)</code> — DNF Configuration Reference manual page.
</div></li></ul></div><h3 id="bh-DNF-Resources-Online">Online Documentation</h3><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a href="http://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html">http://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html</a> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The DNF wiki contains more documentation.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Infrastructure_Services"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part III. Infrastructure Services</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm263480584624"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Infrastructure_Services"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part III. Infrastructure Services</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm225472562848"><div></div><div class="para">
This part provides information on how to configure services and daemons, configure authentication, and enable remote logins.
- </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">7. Services and Daemons</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-running">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-running">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-stopping">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-restarting">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-additional-resources">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-books">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-OpenSSH">8. OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-protocol">8.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-why">8.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-features">8.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-versions">8.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-conn">8.1.4.
Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-configuration">8.2. Configuring OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">8.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication">8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Introduction_to_SSH_Certificates">8.3.1. Introduction to SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Support_for_OpenSSH_Certi
ficates">8.3.2. Support for SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys">8.3.3. Creating SSH CA Certificate Signing Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys">8.3.4. Distributing and Trusting SSH CA Public Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Signing_SSH_Certificates">8.3.5. Creating SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-SSH_Certificate_PKCS_11_Token">8.3.6. Signing an SSH Certificate Using a PKCS#11 Token</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_an_SSH_CA_Certificate">8.3.7. Viewing an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Revoking_an_SSH_CA_Certificate">8.3.8. Revoking an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-clients">8.4. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect
ion"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">8.4.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">8.4.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-sftp">8.4.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-beyondshell">8.5. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">8.5.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">8.5.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">8.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-TigerVNC">9. TigerVNC</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-vnc-server">9.1. VNC Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="#s2-vnc-installation">9.1.1. Installing VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-configuring-vnc-server">9.1.2. Configuring VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s4-starting-vncserver">9.1.3. Starting VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#terminating-vnc-session">9.1.4. Terminating a VNC Session</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s5-vnc-viewer">9.2. VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#installing-vncviewer">9.2.1. Installing VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s6-connecting-vnc-viewer">9.2.2. Connecting to VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-using_ssh">9.2.3. Connecting to VNC Server Using SSH</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s9-additional-sources">9.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-
Services_and_Daemons" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 7. Services and Daemons</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-running">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-running">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-stopping">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#s3-services-running-restarting">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-additional-resources">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-books">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm263474630192" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">7. Services and Daemons</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-running">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-running">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-stopping">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-restarting">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-additional-resources">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-books">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-OpenSSH">8. OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-protocol">8.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-why">8.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-features">8.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-versions">8.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-conn">8.1.4.
Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-configuration">8.2. Configuring OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">8.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication">8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Introduction_to_SSH_Certificates">8.3.1. Introduction to SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Support_for_OpenSSH_Certi
ficates">8.3.2. Support for SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys">8.3.3. Creating SSH CA Certificate Signing Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys">8.3.4. Distributing and Trusting SSH CA Public Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Signing_SSH_Certificates">8.3.5. Creating SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-SSH_Certificate_PKCS_11_Token">8.3.6. Signing an SSH Certificate Using a PKCS#11 Token</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_an_SSH_CA_Certificate">8.3.7. Viewing an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Revoking_an_SSH_CA_Certificate">8.3.8. Revoking an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-clients">8.4. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect
ion"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">8.4.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">8.4.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-sftp">8.4.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-beyondshell">8.5. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">8.5.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">8.5.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">8.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-TigerVNC">9. TigerVNC</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-vnc-server">9.1. VNC Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="#s2-vnc-installation">9.1.1. Installing VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-configuring-vnc-server">9.1.2. Configuring VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s4-starting-vncserver">9.1.3. Starting VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#terminating-vnc-session">9.1.4. Terminating a VNC Session</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s5-vnc-viewer">9.2. VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#installing-vncviewer">9.2.1. Installing VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s6-connecting-vnc-viewer">9.2.2. Connecting to VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-using_ssh">9.2.3. Connecting to VNC Server Using SSH</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s9-additional-sources">9.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-
Services_and_Daemons" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 7. Services and Daemons</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-running">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-running">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-stopping">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#s3-services-running-restarting">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-additional-resources">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-books">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm225498674640" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Maintaining security on your system is extremely important, and one approach for this task is to manage access to system services carefully. Your system may need to provide open access to particular services (for example, <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> if you are running a web server). However, if you do not need to provide a service, you should turn it off to minimize your exposure to possible bug exploits.
</div><div class="para">
This chapter covers the configuration of the services to be run when a system is started, and provides information on how to start, stop, and restart the services on the command line using the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Keep the system secure</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When you allow access for new services, always remember that both the firewall and <span class="application"><strong>SELinux</strong></span> need to be configured as well. One of the most common mistakes committed when configuring a new service is neglecting to implement the necessary firewall configuration and SELinux policies to allow access for it. For more information, refer to the Fedora 24 <em class="citetitle">Security Guide</em>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-services-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">7.1. Configuring Services</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263480843600" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263395649104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-services-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">7.1. Configuring Services</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225441897904" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225453179104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To allow you to configure which services are started at boot time, Fedora is shipped with the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> command line tool.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use the ntsysv and chkconfig utilities</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although it is still possible to use the <span class="application"><strong>ntsysv</strong></span> and <span class="application"><strong>chkconfig</strong></span> utilities to manage services that have init scripts installed in the <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/</code> directory, it is advised that you use the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility.
@@ -1686,7 +1686,7 @@ adding repo from: http://www.example.com/example.repo</pre></div></div><br class
The next time you boot the system, the service will <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> be started. For information on how to stop the service immediately, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-services-running-stopping">Section 7.2.3, “Stopping the Service”</a>.
</div><div class="example" id="exam-services-configuration-disabling"><h6>Example 7.2. Disabling the telnet service</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
In order to secure the system, users are advised to disable insecure connection protocols such as Telnet. You can make sure that the <code class="systemitem">telnet</code> service is disabled by running the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl disable telnet.service</code></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-services-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">7.2. Running Services</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263393619360" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263393617248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl disable telnet.service</code></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-services-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">7.2. Running Services</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225495591440" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225434222768" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility also allows you to determine the status of a particular service, as well as to start, stop, or restart a service.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use the service utility</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although it is still possible to use the <span class="application"><strong>service</strong></span> utility to manage services that have init scripts installed in the <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/</code> directory, it is advised that you use the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility.
@@ -1761,13 +1761,13 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
<code class="literal">systemctl</code>(1) — The manual page for the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility.
</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-services-additional-resources-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">7.3.2. Related Books</h3></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <em class="citetitle">Fedora 24 Security Guide</em> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A guide to securing Fedora. It contains valuable information on how to set up the firewall, as well as the configuration of <span class="application"><strong>SELinux</strong></span>.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-OpenSSH" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 8. OpenSSH</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-protocol">8.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-why">8.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-features">8.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-versions">8.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-conn">8.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-configuration">8.2. Configuring OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">8.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuratio
n-sshd">8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication">8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Introduction_to_SSH_Certificates">8.3.1. Introduction to SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Support_for_OpenSSH_Certificates">8.3.2. Support for SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys">8.3.3. Creating SSH CA Certificate Signing Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys">8.3.4. Distributing and Trusting SSH CA
Public Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Signing_SSH_Certificates">8.3.5. Creating SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-SSH_Certificate_PKCS_11_Token">8.3.6. Signing an SSH Certificate Using a PKCS#11 Token</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_an_SSH_CA_Certificate">8.3.7. Viewing an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Revoking_an_SSH_CA_Certificate">8.3.8. Revoking an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-clients">8.4. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">8.4.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">8.4.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-sftp">8.4.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></s
pan></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-beyondshell">8.5. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">8.5.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">8.5.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">8.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm263448871232" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-OpenSSH" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 8. OpenSSH</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-protocol">8.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-why">8.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-features">8.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-versions">8.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-conn">8.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-configuration">8.2. Configuring OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">8.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuratio
n-sshd">8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication">8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Introduction_to_SSH_Certificates">8.3.1. Introduction to SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Support_for_OpenSSH_Certificates">8.3.2. Support for SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys">8.3.3. Creating SSH CA Certificate Signing Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys">8.3.4. Distributing and Trusting SSH CA
Public Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Signing_SSH_Certificates">8.3.5. Creating SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-SSH_Certificate_PKCS_11_Token">8.3.6. Signing an SSH Certificate Using a PKCS#11 Token</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_an_SSH_CA_Certificate">8.3.7. Viewing an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Revoking_an_SSH_CA_Certificate">8.3.8. Revoking an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-clients">8.4. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">8.4.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">8.4.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-sftp">8.4.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></s
pan></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-beyondshell">8.5. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">8.5.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">8.5.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">8.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm225434866848" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">SSH</code> (Secure Shell) is a protocol which facilitates secure communications between two systems using a client-server architecture and allows users to log into server host systems remotely. Unlike other remote communication protocols, such as <code class="systemitem">FTP</code>, <code class="systemitem">Telnet</code>, or <code class="command">rlogin</code>, SSH encrypts the login session, rendering the connection difficult for intruders to collect unencrypted passwords.
</div><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>ssh</strong></span> program is designed to replace older, less secure terminal applications used to log into remote hosts, such as <code class="command">telnet</code> or <code class="command">rsh</code>. A related program called <code class="command">scp</code> replaces older programs designed to copy files between hosts, such as <code class="command">rcp</code>. Because these older applications do not encrypt passwords transmitted between the client and the server, avoid them whenever possible. Using secure methods to log into remote systems decreases the risks for both the client system and the remote host.
</div><div class="para">
Fedora includes the general OpenSSH package, <span class="package">openssh</span>, as well as the OpenSSH server, <span class="package">openssh-server</span>, and client, <span class="package">openssh-clients</span>, packages. Note, the OpenSSH packages require the OpenSSL package <span class="package">openssl-libs</span>, which installs several important cryptographic libraries, enabling OpenSSH to provide encrypted communications.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.1. The SSH Protocol</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-why"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.1.1. Why Use SSH?</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263470141888" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.1. The SSH Protocol</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-why"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.1.1. Why Use SSH?</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225442544432" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Potential intruders have a variety of tools at their disposal enabling them to disrupt, intercept, and re-route network traffic in an effort to gain access to a system. In general terms, these threats can be categorized as follows:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Interception of communication between two systems</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The attacker can be somewhere on the network between the communicating parties, copying any information passed between them. He may intercept and keep the information, or alter the information and send it on to the intended recipient.
@@ -1779,7 +1779,7 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
This attack can be performed using a technique known as <em class="firstterm">DNS poisoning</em>, or via so-called <em class="firstterm">IP spoofing</em>. In the first case, the intruder uses a cracked DNS server to point client systems to a maliciously duplicated host. In the second case, the intruder sends falsified network packets that appear to be from a trusted host.
</div></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Both techniques intercept potentially sensitive information and, if the interception is made for hostile reasons, the results can be disastrous. If SSH is used for remote shell login and file copying, these security threats can be greatly diminished. This is because the SSH client and server use digital signatures to verify their identity. Additionally, all communication between the client and server systems is encrypted. Attempts to spoof the identity of either side of a communication does not work, since each packet is encrypted using a key known only by the local and remote systems.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.1.2. Main Features</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263480678064" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480676624" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.1.2. Main Features</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225491821264" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225468765488" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The SSH protocol provides the following safeguards:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">No one can pose as the intended server</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
After an initial connection, the client can verify that it is connecting to the same server it had connected to previously.
@@ -1797,11 +1797,11 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
The OpenSSH server and client can be configured to create a tunnel similar to a virtual private network for traffic between server and client machines.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">It supports the Kerberos authentication</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
OpenSSH servers and clients can be configured to authenticate using the <acronym class="acronym">GSSAPI</acronym> (Generic Security Services Application Program Interface) implementation of the Kerberos network authentication protocol.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-versions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.1.3. Protocol Versions</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263476826704" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263476825264" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-versions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.1.3. Protocol Versions</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225454856448" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454855008" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Two varieties of SSH currently exist: version 1 and version 2. The OpenSSH suite under Fedora uses SSH version 2, which has an enhanced key exchange algorithm not vulnerable to the known exploit in version 1. However, for compatibility reasons, the OpenSSH suite does support version 1 connections as well, although version 1 is disabled by default and needs to be enabled in the configuration files.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Avoid using SSH version 1</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To ensure maximum security for your connection, it is recommended that only SSH version 2-compatible servers and clients are used whenever possible.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-conn"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263482496752" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-conn"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225471028240" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following series of events help protect the integrity of SSH communication between two hosts.
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
A cryptographic handshake is made so that the client can verify that it is communicating with the correct server.
@@ -1811,7 +1811,7 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
The client authenticates itself to the server.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The client interacts with the remote host over the encrypted connection.
- </div></li></ol></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.1.4.1. Transport Layer</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263437107248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.1.4.1. Transport Layer</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225437918832" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The primary role of the transport layer is to facilitate safe and secure communication between the two hosts at the time of authentication and during subsequent communication. The transport layer accomplishes this by handling the encryption and decryption of data, and by providing integrity protection of data packets as they are sent and received. The transport layer also provides compression, speeding the transfer of information.
</div><div class="para">
Once an SSH client contacts a server, key information is exchanged so that the two systems can correctly construct the transport layer. The following steps occur during this exchange:
@@ -1833,12 +1833,12 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
SSH is designed to work with almost any kind of public key algorithm or encoding format. After an initial key exchange creates a hash value used for exchanges and a shared secret value, the two systems immediately begin calculating new keys and algorithms to protect authentication and future data sent over the connection.
</div><div class="para">
After a certain amount of data has been transmitted using a given key and algorithm (the exact amount depends on the SSH implementation), another key exchange occurs, generating another set of hash values and a new shared secret value. Even if an attacker is able to determine the hash and shared secret value, this information is only useful for a limited period of time.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-authentication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.1.4.2. Authentication</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263478023104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-authentication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.1.4.2. Authentication</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225430843872" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Once the transport layer has constructed a secure tunnel to pass information between the two systems, the server tells the client the different authentication methods supported, such as using a private key-encoded signature or typing a password. The client then tries to authenticate itself to the server using one of these supported methods.
</div><div class="para">
SSH servers and clients can be configured to allow different types of authentication, which gives each side the optimal amount of control. The server can decide which encryption methods it supports based on its security model, and the client can choose the order of authentication methods to attempt from the available options.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-connection"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.1.4.3. Channels</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263478018928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- After a successful authentication over the SSH transport layer, multiple channels are opened via a technique called <em class="firstterm">multiplexing</em><a href="#ftn.idm263472237792" class="footnote"><sup class="footnote" id="idm263472237792">[1]</sup></a>. Each of these channels handles communication for different terminal sessions and for forwarded X11 sessions.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-connection"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.1.4.3. Channels</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225453579504" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ After a successful authentication over the SSH transport layer, multiple channels are opened via a technique called <em class="firstterm">multiplexing</em><a href="#ftn.idm225453576832" class="footnote"><sup class="footnote" id="idm225453576832">[1]</sup></a>. Each of these channels handles communication for different terminal sessions and for forwarded X11 sessions.
</div><div class="para">
Both clients and servers can create a new channel. Each channel is then assigned a different number on each end of the connection. When the client attempts to open a new channel, the clients sends the channel number along with the request. This information is stored by the server and is used to direct communication to that channel. This is done so that different types of sessions do not affect one another and so that when a given session ends, its channel can be closed without disrupting the primary SSH connection.
</div><div class="para">
@@ -1847,9 +1847,9 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
The client and server negotiate the characteristics of each channel automatically, depending on the type of service the client requests and the way the user is connected to the network. This allows great flexibility in handling different types of remote connections without having to change the basic infrastructure of the protocol.
</div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.2. Configuring OpenSSH</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
In order to perform tasks described in this section, you must have superuser privileges. To obtain them, log in as <code class="systemitem">root</code> by typing:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">su -</code></pre><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-configs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.2.1. Configuration Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263489798464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">su -</code></pre><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-configs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.2.1. Configuration Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225459860448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There are two different sets of configuration files: those for client programs (that is, <code class="command">ssh</code>, <code class="command">scp</code>, and <code class="command">sftp</code>), and those for the server (the <code class="command">sshd</code> daemon).
- </div><a id="idm263489794688" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263498097872" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225458982368" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225464718256" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
System-wide SSH configuration information is stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/ssh/</code> directory as described in <a class="xref" href="#table-ssh-configuration-configs-system">Table 8.1, “System-wide configuration files”</a>. User-specific SSH configuration information is stored in <code class="filename">~/.ssh/</code> within the user's home directory as described in <a class="xref" href="#table-ssh-configuration-configs-user">Table 8.2, “User-specific configuration files”</a>.
</div><div class="table" id="table-ssh-configuration-configs-system"><h6>Table 8.1. System-wide configuration files</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="System-wide configuration files" border="1"><colgroup><col width="38%" class="filename" /><col width="63%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
File
@@ -1937,11 +1937,11 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
Contains host keys of SSH servers accessed by the user. This file is very important for ensuring that the SSH client is connecting to the correct SSH server.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
For information concerning various directives that can be used in the SSH configuration files, see the <code class="filename">ssh_config</code>(5) and <code class="filename">sshd_config</code>(5) manual pages.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263466485968" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225492108864" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To run an OpenSSH server, you must have the <span class="package">openssh-server</span> package installed. See <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing">Section 6.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a> for more information on how to install new packages in Fedora 24.
- </div></div></div><a id="idm263479254992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><a id="idm225447757088" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start the <code class="command">sshd</code> daemon in the current session, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl start sshd.service</code></pre><a id="idm263479250704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl start sshd.service</code></pre><a id="idm225458566480" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To stop the running <code class="command">sshd</code> daemon in the current session, use the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl stop sshd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
If you want the daemon to start automatically at the boot time, type as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -1957,7 +1957,7 @@ IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!
It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed.</pre><div class="para">
To prevent this, you can backup the relevant files from the <code class="filename">/etc/ssh/</code> directory (see <a class="xref" href="#table-ssh-configuration-configs-system">Table 8.1, “System-wide configuration files”</a> for a complete list), and restore them whenever you reinstall the system.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263488670192" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263488668752" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225452265632" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452264192" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For SSH to be truly effective, using insecure connection protocols should be prohibited. Otherwise, a user's password may be protected using SSH for one session, only to be captured later while logging in using Telnet. Some services to disable include <code class="command">telnet</code>, <code class="command">rsh</code>, <code class="command">rlogin</code>, and <code class="command">vsftpd</code>.
</div><div class="para">
These services are not installed by default in Fedora. If required, to make sure these services are not running, type the following commands at a shell prompt:
@@ -1971,7 +1971,7 @@ It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed.</pre><div class
<code class="command">systemctl disable rlogin.service</code>
<code class="command">systemctl disable vsftpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
See <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263499702080" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225461218272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To improve the system security even further, generate SSH key pairs and then enforce key-based authentication by disabling password authentication. To do so, open the <code class="filename">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code> configuration file in a text editor such as <span class="application"><strong>vi</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>nano</strong></span>, and change the <code class="option">PasswordAuthentication</code> option as follows:
</div><pre class="screen">PasswordAuthentication no</pre><div class="para">
If you are working on a system other than a new default installation, check that <code class="command">PubkeyAuthentication no</code> has <span class="bold bold"><strong>not</strong></span> been set. If connected remotely, not using console or out-of-band access, testing the key-based log in process before disabling password authentication is advised.
@@ -1983,9 +1983,9 @@ It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed.</pre><div class
If you complete the steps as <code class="systemitem">root</code>, only <code class="systemitem">root</code> will be able to use the keys.
</div></div></div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Backup your ~/.ssh/ directory</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If you reinstall your system and want to keep previously generated key pairs, backup the <code class="filename">~/.ssh/</code> directory. After reinstalling, copy it back to your home directory. This process can be done for all users on your system, including <code class="systemitem">root</code>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.2.4.1. Generating Key Pairs</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263482374240" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482372800" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.2.4.1. Generating Key Pairs</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225469219232" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225363031936" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To generate an RSA key pair for version 2 of the SSH protocol, follow these steps:
- </div><a id="idm263393689664" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225363029568" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Generate an RSA key pair by typing the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ssh-keygen -t rsa</code>
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
@@ -2015,9 +2015,9 @@ The key's randomart image is:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ls -ld ~/.ssh</code>
drwx------. 2 USER USER 54 Nov 25 16:56 /home/USER/.ssh/</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
To copy the public key to a remote machine, issue a command in the following format: <pre class="synopsis"> <code class="command">ssh-copy-id <em class="replaceable"><code>user@hostname</code></em></code></pre> This will copy the most recently modified <code class="filename">~/.ssh/id*.pub</code> public key if it is not yet installed. Alternatively, specify the public key's file name as follows: <pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">ssh-copy-id -i <code class="filename">~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>user@hostname</code></em></code></pre> This will copy the content of <code class="filename">~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub</code> into the <code class="filename">~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code> file on the machine to which you want to connect. If the file already exists, the keys are appended to its end.
- </div></li></ol></div><a id="idm263470611376" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263472112576" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div><a id="idm225451779968" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225451778528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To generate an ECDSA key pair for version 2 of the SSH protocol, follow these steps:
- </div><a id="idm263472110096" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225451515520" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Generate an ECDSA key pair by typing the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ssh-keygen -t ecdsa</code>
Generating public/private ecdsa key pair.
@@ -2052,7 +2052,7 @@ drwx------. 2 USER USER 54 Nov 25 16:56 /home/USER/.ssh/</pre></li><li class="st
See <a class="xref" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Section 8.2.4.2, “Configuring ssh-agent”</a> for information on how to set up your system to remember the passphrase.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Never share your private key</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The private key is for your personal use only, and it is important that you never give it to anyone.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.2.4.2. Configuring ssh-agent</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263488130288" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263488128688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.2.4.2. Configuring ssh-agent</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225366646704" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225461385760" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To store your passphrase so that you do not have to enter it each time you initiate a connection with a remote machine, you can use the <code class="command">ssh-agent</code> authentication agent. To save your passphrase for a certain shell prompt, use the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ssh-add</code>
Enter passphrase for /home/USER/.ssh/id_rsa:</pre><div class="para">
@@ -2383,9 +2383,9 @@ id_rsa-cert.pub 100% 1498 1.5KB/s 00:00</pre>
To test if a key has been revoked, query the revocation list for the presence of the key. Use a command as follows: <pre class="synopsis">ssh-keygen -Qf /etc/ssh/revoked_keys ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub</pre>
</div><div class="para">
A user can revoke a CA certificate by changing the <code class="command">cert-authority</code> directive to <code class="command">revoke</code> in the <code class="filename">known_hosts</code> file.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.4. OpenSSH Clients</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263452978672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.4. OpenSSH Clients</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225418573984" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To connect to an OpenSSH server from a client machine, you must have the <span class="package">openssh-clients</span> package installed. See <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing">Section 6.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a> for more information on how to install new packages in Fedora 24.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-ssh"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.4.1. Using the ssh Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263429873552" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263429871952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-ssh"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.4.1. Using the ssh Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225456145872" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225474127904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">ssh</code> utility allows you to log in to a remote machine and execute commands there. It is a secure replacement for the <code class="command">rlogin</code>, <code class="command">rsh</code>, and <code class="command">telnet</code> programs.
</div><div class="para">
Similarly to the <code class="command">telnet</code> command, log in to a remote machine by using the following command:
@@ -2425,7 +2425,7 @@ Original contents retained as /home/USER/.ssh/known_hosts.old</pre>
USER(a)penguin.example.com's password:
Fedora release 20 (Heisenbug)</pre><div class="para">
After you enter the correct password, the user name will be displayed, and you will return to your local shell prompt.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-scp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.4.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263480821280" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480819680" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480817600" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-scp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.4.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225454901648" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470127472" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225366827856" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="command">scp</code> can be used to transfer files between machines over a secure, encrypted connection. In its design, it is very similar to <code class="command">rcp</code>.
</div><div class="para">
To transfer a local file to a remote system, use a command in the following form:
@@ -2445,7 +2445,7 @@ taglist.vim 100% 144KB 144.5KB/s 00:00</pre
For instance, to download the <code class="filename">.vimrc</code> configuration file from the remote machine, type:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">scp USER@penguin.example.com:.vimrc .vimrc</code>
USER(a)penguin.example.com's password:
-.vimrc 100% 2233 2.2KB/s 00:00</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-sftp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.4.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263449143744" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263449142144" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+.vimrc 100% 2233 2.2KB/s 00:00</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-sftp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.4.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225420213568" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225420211968" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">sftp</code> utility can be used to open a secure, interactive FTP session. In its design, it is similar to <code class="command">ftp</code> except that it uses a secure, encrypted connection.
</div><div class="para">
To connect to a remote system, use a command in the following form:
@@ -2488,7 +2488,7 @@ sftp></pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available commands, see the <code class="filename">sftp</code>(1) manual page.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-beyondshell"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.5. More Than a Secure Shell</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
A secure command line interface is just the beginning of the many ways SSH can be used. Given the proper amount of bandwidth, X11 sessions can be directed over an SSH channel. Or, by using TCP/IP forwarding, previously insecure port connections between systems can be mapped to specific SSH channels.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.5.1. X11 Forwarding</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263440619872" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.5.1. X11 Forwarding</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225499911136" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To open an X11 session over an SSH connection, use a command in the following form:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">ssh -Y <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em>@<em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
For example, to log in to a remote machine named <code class="systemitem">penguin.example.com</code> with <code class="systemitem">USER</code> as a user name, type:
@@ -2503,7 +2503,7 @@ USER(a)penguin.example.com's password:</pre><div class="para">
X11 forwarding can be very useful. For example, X11 forwarding can be used to create a secure, interactive session of the <span class="application"><strong>Print Settings</strong></span> utility. To do this, connect to the server using <span class="application"><strong>ssh</strong></span> and type:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">system-config-printer &</code></pre><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Print Settings</strong></span> tool will appear, allowing the remote user to safely configure printing on the remote system.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.5.2. Port Forwarding</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263488210672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.5.2. Port Forwarding</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225453811584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
SSH can secure otherwise insecure <code class="systemitem">TCP/IP</code> protocols via port forwarding. When using this technique, the SSH server becomes an encrypted conduit to the SSH client.
</div><div class="para">
Port forwarding works by mapping a local port on the client to a remote port on the server. SSH can map any port from the server to any port on the client. Port numbers do not need to match for this technique to work.
@@ -2525,7 +2525,7 @@ USER(a)penguin.example.com's password:</pre><div class="para">
Using port forwarding to forward connections in this manner allows any user on the client system to connect to that service. If the client system becomes compromised, the attacker also has access to forwarded services.
</div><div class="para">
System administrators concerned about port forwarding can disable this functionality on the server by specifying a <code class="option">No</code> parameter for the <code class="option">AllowTcpForwarding</code> line in <code class="filename">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code> and restarting the <code class="command">sshd</code> service.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-openssh-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263483339408" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263483337968" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-openssh-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225455906752" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225366587552" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For more information on how to configure or connect to an OpenSSH server on Fedora, see the resources listed below.
</div><h3 id="bh-OpenSSH-Resources-Installed">Installed Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">sshd</code>(8) — The manual page for the <code class="systemitem">sshd</code> daemon documents available command line options and provides a complete list of supported configuration files and directories.
@@ -2545,7 +2545,7 @@ USER(a)penguin.example.com's password:</pre><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.openssh.com/">OpenSSH Home Page</a> — The OpenSSH home page containing further documentation, frequently asked questions, links to the mailing lists, bug reports, and other useful resources.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.openssl.org/">OpenSSL Home Page</a> — The OpenSSL home page containing further documentation, frequently asked questions, links to the mailing lists, and other useful resources.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="footnotes"><br /><hr width="100" align="left" /><div id="ftn.idm263472237792" class="footnote"><div class="para"><a href="#idm263472237792" class="para"><sup class="para">[1] </sup></a>
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="footnotes"><br /><hr width="100" align="left" /><div id="ftn.idm225453576832" class="footnote"><div class="para"><a href="#idm225453576832" class="para"><sup class="para">[1] </sup></a>
A multiplexed connection consists of several signals being sent over a shared, common medium. With SSH, different channels are sent over a common secure connection.
</div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-TigerVNC" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 9. TigerVNC</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-vnc-server">9.1. VNC Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-vnc-installation">9.1.1. Installing VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-configuring-vnc-server">9.1.2. Configuring VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s4-starting-vncserver">9.1.3. Starting VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#terminating-vnc-session">9.1.4. Terminating a VNC Session</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s5-vnc-viewer">9.2. VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#installing-vncviewer">9.2.1. Installing VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s6-connecting-vnc
-viewer">9.2.2. Connecting to VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-using_ssh">9.2.3. Connecting to VNC Server Using SSH</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s9-additional-sources">9.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">TigerVNC</code> (Tiger Virtual Network Computing) is a system for graphical desktop sharing which allows you to remotely control other computers.
@@ -2697,15 +2697,15 @@ success</pre>
<code class="filename">vncviewer(1)</code> — The <acronym class="acronym">VNC</acronym> viewer manual pages.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">vncpasswd(1)</code> — The <acronym class="acronym">VNC</acronym> password manual pages.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part IV. Servers</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm263443486880"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part IV. Servers</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm225475853360"><div></div><div class="para">
This part discusses various topics related to servers such as how to set up a web server or share files and directories over a network.
- </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Web_Servers">10. Web Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">10.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-changes">10.1.1. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">10.1.2. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-running">10.1.3. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-editing">10.1.4. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-dso">10.1.5. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-virtualhosts">10.1.6. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">10.1.7. Setting Up
an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-resources">10.1.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Mail_Servers">11. Mail Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-protocols">11.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-send">11.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-client">11.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-types">11.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mta">11.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mda">11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mua">11.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><d
t><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mta">11.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">11.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">11.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">11.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-switchmail">11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mda">11.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">11.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes">11.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mua">11.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-security">11.5.1.
Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-additional-resources">11.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-installed-docs">11.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-useful-websites">11.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-related-books">11.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Directory_Servers">12. Directory Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-OpenLDAP">12.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-introduction">12.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-installation">12.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-configuration">12.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Ser
ver</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-selinux-openldap">12.1.4. SELinux Policy for Applications Using LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-running">12.1.5. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-pam">12.1.6. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-resources">12.1.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ldap-related-books">12.1.8. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-File_and_Print_Servers">13. File and Print Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba">13.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">13.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">13.1.2. Samba Dae
mons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">13.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share">13.1.4. Mounting the Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">13.1.5. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">13.1.6. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">13.1.7. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Security_Modes">13.1.8. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">13.1.9. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samb
a-Network_Browsing">13.1.10. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support">13.1.11. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">13.1.12. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Resources">13.1.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-FTP">13.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-protocol">13.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-servers">13.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">13.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">13.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf">13.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-resources">13.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Printer_Configuration">13.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">13.3.1. Starting the Printers Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Printer">13.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Adding_Other_Printer">13.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-jetdirect-printer">13.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-ipp-printer">13.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer"
>13.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">13.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-select-model">13.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-test-page">13.3.9. Printing a Test Page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-edit">13.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-additional-resources">13.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite">14. Configuring NTP Using the chrony Suite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Introduction_to_the_chrony_Suite">14.1. Introduction to the chrony Suite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-differences_between_ntpd
_and_chronyd">14.1.1. Differences Between ntpd and chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Choosing_between_NTP_daemon">14.1.2. Choosing Between NTP Daemons</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Understanding_chrony_and-its_configuration">14.2. Understanding chrony and Its Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Understanding_chronyd">14.2.1. Understanding chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Understanding_chronyc">14.2.2. Understanding chronyc</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Understanding_the_chrony_configuration_commands">14.2.3. Understanding the chrony Configuration Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Security_with_chronyc">14.2.4. Security with chronyc</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Using_chrony">14.3. Using chrony</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="#sect-Installing_chrony">14.3.1. Installing chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Checking_the_Status_of_chronyd">14.3.2. Checking the Status of chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Starting_chronyd">14.3.3. Starting chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Stopping_chronyd">14.3.4. Stopping chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Checking_if_chrony_is_synchronized">14.3.5. Checking if chrony is Synchronized</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Manually_Adjusting-the-System_Clock">14.3.6. Manually Adjusting the System Clock</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_different_environments">14.4. Setting Up chrony for Different Environments</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_which_is_infrequently_connected">14.4.1. Setting Up chrony for a System Which i
s Infrequently Connected</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_in_an_isolated_network">14.4.2. Setting Up chrony for a System in an Isolated Network</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Using_chronyc">14.5. Using chronyc</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Using_chronyc_chronyc_to_control_chronyd">14.5.1. Using chronyc to Control chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Using_chronyc_for_remote_administration">14.5.2. Using chronyc for Remote Administration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-additional_resources">14.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-chrony-docs-inst">14.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-chrony_Online_Documentation">14.6.2. Online Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter
"><a href="#ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd">15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Introduction_to_NTP">15.1. Introduction to NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-NTP_Strata">15.2. NTP Strata</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_NTP">15.3. Understanding NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File">15.4. Understanding the Drift File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST">15.5. UTC, Timezones, and DST</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP">15.6. Authentication Options for NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines">15.7. Managing the Time on Virtual Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds">15.8. Understanding Leap Seconds</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File">15.9. Understanding the ntpd Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File">15.10. Understanding the ntpd Sysconfig File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Disabling_chrony">15.11. Disabling chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed">15.12. Checking if the NTP Daemon is Installed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd">15.13. Installing the NTP Daemon (ntpd)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP">15.14. Checking the Status of NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets">15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Change_the_firewall_s
ettings">15.15.1. Change the Firewall Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets">15.15.2. Open Ports in the Firewall for NTP Packets</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers">15.16. Configure ntpdate Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configure_NTP">15.17. Configure NTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Configure_Access_Control_to_an_NTP_service">15.17.1. Configure Access Control to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service">15.17.2. Configure Rate Limiting Access to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address">15.17.3. Adding a Peer Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Server_Address">15.17.4. Adding a Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sectio
n"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address">15.17.5. Adding a Broadcast or Multicast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address">15.17.6. Adding a Manycast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address">15.17.7. Adding a Broadcast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address">15.17.8. Adding a Manycast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address">15.17.9. Adding a Multicast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_the_burst_option">15.17.10. Configuring the Burst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option">15.17.11. Configuring the iburst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_
Key">15.17.12. Configuring Symmetric Authentication Using a Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval">15.17.13. Configuring the Poll Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_Server_Preference">15.17.14. Configuring Server Preference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets">15.17.15. Configuring the Time-to-Live for NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use">15.17.16. Configuring the NTP Version to Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update">15.18. Configuring the Hardware Clock Update</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources">15.19. Configuring Clock Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ntpd_additional-resources">15.20. Additional Resources</a></span><
/dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ntpd-docs-inst">15.20.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ntpd_useful-websites">15.20.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l">16. Configuring PTP Using ptp4l</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Introduction_to_PTP">16.1. Introduction to PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Understanding_PTP">16.1.1. Understanding PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Advantages_of_PTP">16.1.2. Advantages of PTP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_PTP">16.2. Using PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_for_Driver_and_Hardware_Support">16.2.1. Checking for Driver and Hardware Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_PTP">16.2.2. Installing
PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_ptp4l">16.2.3. Starting ptp4l</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Specifying_a_Configuration_File">16.3. Specifying a Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_the_PTP_Management_Client">16.4. Using the PTP Management Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Synchronizing_the_Clocks">16.5. Synchronizing the Clocks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Verifying_Time_Synchronization">16.6. Verifying Time Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Serving_PTP_Time_with_NTP">16.7. Serving PTP Time with NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Serving_NTP_Time_with_PTP">16.8. Serving NTP Time with PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Synchronize_to_PTP_or_NTP_Time_Using_timemaster">16.9. Synchronize to PTP or NTP Time Using timemaster</a></s
pan></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_timemaster_as_a_Service">16.9.1. Starting timemaster as a Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Understanding_the_timemaster_Configuration_File">16.9.2. Understanding the timemaster Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options">16.9.3. Configuring timemaster Options</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Improving_Accuracy">16.10. Improving Accuracy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PTP_additional_resources">16.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PTP-docs-inst">16.11.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PTP_useful-websites">16.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Web_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titl
epage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 10. Web Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">10.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-changes">10.1.1. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">10.1.2. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-running">10.1.3. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-editing">10.1.4. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-dso">10.1.5. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-virtualhosts">10.1.6. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">10.1.7. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#s2-apache-resources">10.1.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm263489621904" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489618464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Web_Servers">10. Web Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">10.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-changes">10.1.1. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">10.1.2. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-running">10.1.3. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-editing">10.1.4. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-dso">10.1.5. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-virtualhosts">10.1.6. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">10.1.7. Setting Up
an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-resources">10.1.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Mail_Servers">11. Mail Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-protocols">11.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-send">11.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-client">11.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-types">11.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mta">11.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mda">11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mua">11.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><d
t><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mta">11.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">11.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">11.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">11.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-switchmail">11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mda">11.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">11.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes">11.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mua">11.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-security">11.5.1.
Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-additional-resources">11.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-installed-docs">11.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-useful-websites">11.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-related-books">11.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Directory_Servers">12. Directory Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-OpenLDAP">12.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-introduction">12.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-installation">12.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-configuration">12.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Ser
ver</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-selinux-openldap">12.1.4. SELinux Policy for Applications Using LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-running">12.1.5. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-pam">12.1.6. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-resources">12.1.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ldap-related-books">12.1.8. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-File_and_Print_Servers">13. File and Print Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba">13.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">13.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">13.1.2. Samba Dae
mons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">13.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share">13.1.4. Mounting the Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">13.1.5. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">13.1.6. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">13.1.7. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Security_Modes">13.1.8. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">13.1.9. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samb
a-Network_Browsing">13.1.10. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support">13.1.11. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">13.1.12. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Resources">13.1.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-FTP">13.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-protocol">13.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-servers">13.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">13.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">13.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf">13.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-resources">13.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Printer_Configuration">13.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">13.3.1. Starting the Printers Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Printer">13.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Adding_Other_Printer">13.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-jetdirect-printer">13.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-ipp-printer">13.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer"
>13.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">13.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-select-model">13.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-test-page">13.3.9. Printing a Test Page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-edit">13.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-additional-resources">13.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite">14. Configuring NTP Using the chrony Suite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Introduction_to_the_chrony_Suite">14.1. Introduction to the chrony Suite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-differences_between_ntpd
_and_chronyd">14.1.1. Differences Between ntpd and chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Choosing_between_NTP_daemon">14.1.2. Choosing Between NTP Daemons</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Understanding_chrony_and-its_configuration">14.2. Understanding chrony and Its Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Understanding_chronyd">14.2.1. Understanding chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Understanding_chronyc">14.2.2. Understanding chronyc</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Understanding_the_chrony_configuration_commands">14.2.3. Understanding the chrony Configuration Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Security_with_chronyc">14.2.4. Security with chronyc</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Using_chrony">14.3. Using chrony</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="#sect-Installing_chrony">14.3.1. Installing chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Checking_the_Status_of_chronyd">14.3.2. Checking the Status of chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Starting_chronyd">14.3.3. Starting chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Stopping_chronyd">14.3.4. Stopping chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Checking_if_chrony_is_synchronized">14.3.5. Checking if chrony is Synchronized</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Manually_Adjusting-the-System_Clock">14.3.6. Manually Adjusting the System Clock</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_different_environments">14.4. Setting Up chrony for Different Environments</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_which_is_infrequently_connected">14.4.1. Setting Up chrony for a System Which i
s Infrequently Connected</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_in_an_isolated_network">14.4.2. Setting Up chrony for a System in an Isolated Network</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Using_chronyc">14.5. Using chronyc</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Using_chronyc_chronyc_to_control_chronyd">14.5.1. Using chronyc to Control chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Using_chronyc_for_remote_administration">14.5.2. Using chronyc for Remote Administration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-additional_resources">14.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-chrony-docs-inst">14.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-chrony_Online_Documentation">14.6.2. Online Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter
"><a href="#ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd">15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Introduction_to_NTP">15.1. Introduction to NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-NTP_Strata">15.2. NTP Strata</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_NTP">15.3. Understanding NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File">15.4. Understanding the Drift File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST">15.5. UTC, Timezones, and DST</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP">15.6. Authentication Options for NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines">15.7. Managing the Time on Virtual Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds">15.8. Understanding Leap Seconds</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File">15.9. Understanding the ntpd Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File">15.10. Understanding the ntpd Sysconfig File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Disabling_chrony">15.11. Disabling chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed">15.12. Checking if the NTP Daemon is Installed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd">15.13. Installing the NTP Daemon (ntpd)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP">15.14. Checking the Status of NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets">15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Change_the_firewall_s
ettings">15.15.1. Change the Firewall Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets">15.15.2. Open Ports in the Firewall for NTP Packets</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers">15.16. Configure ntpdate Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configure_NTP">15.17. Configure NTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Configure_Access_Control_to_an_NTP_service">15.17.1. Configure Access Control to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service">15.17.2. Configure Rate Limiting Access to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address">15.17.3. Adding a Peer Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Server_Address">15.17.4. Adding a Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sectio
n"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address">15.17.5. Adding a Broadcast or Multicast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address">15.17.6. Adding a Manycast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address">15.17.7. Adding a Broadcast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address">15.17.8. Adding a Manycast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address">15.17.9. Adding a Multicast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_the_burst_option">15.17.10. Configuring the Burst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option">15.17.11. Configuring the iburst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_
Key">15.17.12. Configuring Symmetric Authentication Using a Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval">15.17.13. Configuring the Poll Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_Server_Preference">15.17.14. Configuring Server Preference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets">15.17.15. Configuring the Time-to-Live for NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use">15.17.16. Configuring the NTP Version to Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update">15.18. Configuring the Hardware Clock Update</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources">15.19. Configuring Clock Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ntpd_additional-resources">15.20. Additional Resources</a></span><
/dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ntpd-docs-inst">15.20.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ntpd_useful-websites">15.20.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l">16. Configuring PTP Using ptp4l</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Introduction_to_PTP">16.1. Introduction to PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Understanding_PTP">16.1.1. Understanding PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Advantages_of_PTP">16.1.2. Advantages of PTP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_PTP">16.2. Using PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_for_Driver_and_Hardware_Support">16.2.1. Checking for Driver and Hardware Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_PTP">16.2.2. Installing
PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_ptp4l">16.2.3. Starting ptp4l</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Specifying_a_Configuration_File">16.3. Specifying a Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_the_PTP_Management_Client">16.4. Using the PTP Management Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Synchronizing_the_Clocks">16.5. Synchronizing the Clocks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Verifying_Time_Synchronization">16.6. Verifying Time Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Serving_PTP_Time_with_NTP">16.7. Serving PTP Time with NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Serving_NTP_Time_with_PTP">16.8. Serving NTP Time with PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Synchronize_to_PTP_or_NTP_Time_Using_timemaster">16.9. Synchronize to PTP or NTP Time Using timemaster</a></s
pan></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_timemaster_as_a_Service">16.9.1. Starting timemaster as a Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Understanding_the_timemaster_Configuration_File">16.9.2. Understanding the timemaster Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options">16.9.3. Configuring timemaster Options</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Improving_Accuracy">16.10. Improving Accuracy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PTP_additional_resources">16.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PTP-docs-inst">16.11.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PTP_useful-websites">16.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Web_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titl
epage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 10. Web Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">10.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-changes">10.1.1. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">10.1.2. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-running">10.1.3. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-editing">10.1.4. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-dso">10.1.5. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-virtualhosts">10.1.6. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">10.1.7. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#s2-apache-resources">10.1.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm225461661152" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225461657664" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">web server</em> is a network service that serves content to a client over the web. This typically means web pages, but any other documents can be served as well. Web servers are also known as HTTP servers, as they use the <em class="firstterm">hypertext transport protocol</em> (<acronym class="acronym">HTTP</acronym>).
- </div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">10.1. The Apache HTTP Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263489623344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">10.1. The Apache HTTP Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225461662592" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The web server available in Fedora is the Apache HTTP server daemon, <code class="systemitem">httpd</code>, an open source web server developed by the <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache Software Foundation</a>. In Fedora 19 the Apache server was updated to <span class="application"><strong>Apache HTTP Server 2.4</strong></span>. This section describes the basic configuration of the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service, and covers some advanced topics such as adding server modules, setting up virtual hosts, or configuring the secure HTTP server.
</div><div class="para">
There are important differences between the Apache HTTP Server 2.4 and version 2.2, and if you are upgrading from a release prior to Fedora 19, you will need to update the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service configuration accordingly. This section reviews some of the newly added features, outlines important changes, and guides you through the update of older configuration files.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.1. Notable Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263476132608" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.1. Notable Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225437114272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Apache HTTP Server version 2.4 has the following changes compared to version 2.2:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">httpd Service Control</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
With the migration away from SysV init scripts, server administrators should switch to using the <code class="command">apachectl</code> and <code class="command">systemctl</code> commands to control the service, in place of the <code class="command">service</code> command. The following examples are specific to the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
@@ -2768,14 +2768,14 @@ success</pre>
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">mod_authz_ldap</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>httpd 2.4</strong></span> provides LDAP support in sub-package <span class="package">mod_ldap</span> using <span class="application"><strong>mod_authnz_ldap</strong></span>.
</div></dd></dl></div>
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-version2-migrating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.2. Updating the Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263471286464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-version2-migrating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.2. Updating the Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225447920384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To update the configuration files from the Apache HTTP Server version 2.2, take the following steps:
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Make sure all module names are correct, since they may have changed. Adjust the <code class="option">LoadModule</code> directive for each module that has been renamed.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Recompile all third party modules before attempting to load them. This typically means authentication and authorization modules.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
- <a id="idm263474367872" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225472960080" class="indexterm"></a>
If you use the <code class="systemitem">mod_userdir</code> module, make sure the <code class="option">UserDir</code> directive indicating a directory name (typically <code class="literal">public_html</code>) is provided.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
If you use the Apache HTTP Secure Server, edit the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</code> to enable the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol.
@@ -2789,19 +2789,19 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install httpd</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on the concept of targets and how to manage system services in Fedora in general, see
<a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.3.1. Starting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263449336720" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.3.1. Starting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225400862208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To run the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl start httpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
If you want the service to start automatically at boot time, use the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl enable httpd.service</code>
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service'</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the secure server</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If running the Apache HTTP Server as a secure server, a password may be required after the machine boots if using an encrypted private SSL key.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.3.2. Stopping the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263492650384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.3.2. Stopping the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225468484560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To stop the running <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl stop httpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
To prevent the service from starting automatically at boot time, type:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl disable httpd.service</code>
-rm '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service'</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.3.3. Restarting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263478884240" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+rm '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service'</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.3.3. Restarting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225461183136" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There are three different ways to restart a running <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service:
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To restart the service completely, enter the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -2817,7 +2817,7 @@ rm '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service'</pre></div><div c
This causes the running <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service to reload its configuration file. Any requests currently being processed will continue to use the old configuration.
</div></li></ol></div><div class="para">
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-status"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.3.4. Verifying the Service Status</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263482551536" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-status"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.3.4. Verifying the Service Status</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225453418496" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To verify that the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service is running, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl is-active httpd.service</code>
active</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-editing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.4. Editing the Configuration Files</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
@@ -2827,25 +2827,25 @@ active</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-editing"><div class="
</th><th class="">
Description
</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="">
- <a id="idm263442333392" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225445533600" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code>
</td><td class="">
The main configuration file.
</td></tr><tr><td class="">
- <a id="idm263482553728" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225453420064" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/</code>
</td><td class="">
An auxiliary directory for configuration files that are included in the main configuration file.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Although the default configuration should be suitable for most situations, it is a good idea to become at least familiar with some of the more important configuration options. Note that for any changes to take effect, the web server has to be restarted first. See <a class="xref" href="#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 10.1.3.3, “Restarting the Service”</a> for more information on how to restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
- </div><a id="idm263472250464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225491476496" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To check the configuration for possible errors, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">apachectl configtest</code>
Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
To make the recovery from mistakes easier, it is recommended that you make a copy of the original file before editing it.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-httpdconf-directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.4.1. Common httpd.conf Directives</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263472255184" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-httpdconf-directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.4.1. Common httpd.conf Directives</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225473505632" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following directives are commonly used in the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code> configuration file:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263482596704" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225445816560" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><Directory></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><Directory></code> directive allows you to apply certain directives to a particular directory only. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><Directory <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em>>
@@ -2860,7 +2860,7 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
-</Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263443443456" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225420188672" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><IfDefine></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">IfDefine</code> directive allows you to use certain directives only when a particular parameter is supplied on the command line. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><IfDefine [<span class="optional">!</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>parameter</code></em>>
@@ -2870,7 +2870,7 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>parameter</code></em> can be supplied at a shell prompt using the <code class="option">-D</code><em class="replaceable"><code>parameter</code></em> command line option (for example, <code class="command">httpd -DEnableHome</code>). If the optional exclamation mark (that is, <code class="literal">!</code>) is present, the enclosed directives are used only when the parameter is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> specified.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-ifdefine"><h6>Example 10.2. Using the <IfDefine> directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting"><IfDefine EnableHome>
UserDir public_html
-</IfDefine></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475659456" class="indexterm"></a>
+</IfDefine></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225434273648" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><IfModule></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><IfModule></code> directive allows you to use certain directive only when a particular module is loaded. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><IfModule [<span class="optional">!</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>module</code></em>>
@@ -2881,7 +2881,7 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-ifmodule"><h6>Example 10.3. Using the <IfModule> directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting"><IfModule mod_disk_cache.c>
CacheEnable disk /
CacheRoot /var/cache/mod_proxy
-</IfModule></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263393674160" class="indexterm"></a>
+</IfModule></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225460384000" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><Location></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><Location></code> directive allows you to apply certain directives to a particular URL only. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><Location <em class="replaceable"><code>url</code></em>>
@@ -2894,7 +2894,7 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from .example.com
-</Location></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475281792" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Location></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225437603840" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><Proxy></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><Proxy></code> directive allows you to apply certain directives to the proxy server only. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><Proxy <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>>
@@ -2906,7 +2906,7 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from .example.com
-</Proxy></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263515272880" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Proxy></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225364127424" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><VirtualHost></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><VirtualHost></code> directive allows you apply certain directives to particular virtual hosts only. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><VirtualHost <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em>[<span class="optional">:<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span>]…>
@@ -2932,12 +2932,12 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
ServerName penguin.example.com
ErrorLog logs/penguin.example.com-error_log
CustomLog logs/penguin.example.com-access_log common
-</VirtualHost></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263452655040" class="indexterm"></a>
+</VirtualHost></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225398720208" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AccessFileName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AccessFileName</code> directive allows you to specify the file to be used to customize access control information for each directory. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">AccessFileName <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><a id="idm263475172352" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263475175024" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">AccessFileName <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><a id="idm225430654912" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225463137168" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> is a name of the file to look for in the requested directory. By default, the server looks for <code class="filename">.htaccess</code>.
- </div><a id="idm263475178000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263457517536" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225463140144" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225458115792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For security reasons, the directive is typically followed by the <code class="literal">Files</code> tag to prevent the files beginning with <code class="filename">.ht</code> from being accessed by web clients. This includes the <code class="filename">.htaccess</code> and <code class="filename">.htpasswd</code> files.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-accessfilename"><h6>Example 10.7. Using the AccessFileName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AccessFileName .htaccess
@@ -2945,31 +2945,31 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
Satisfy All
-</Files></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263457518976" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Files></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225474335920" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Action</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Action</code> directive allows you to specify a CGI script to be executed when a certain media type is requested. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Action <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> has to be a valid MIME type such as <code class="literal">text/html</code>, <code class="literal">image/png</code>, or <code class="literal">application/pdf</code>. The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing CGI script, and must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/cgi-bin/process-image.cgi</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-action"><h6>Example 10.8. Using the Action directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Action image/png /cgi-bin/process-image.cgi</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263458727440" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-action"><h6>Example 10.8. Using the Action directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Action image/png /cgi-bin/process-image.cgi</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225464789360" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddDescription</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddDescription</code> directive allows you to specify a short description to be displayed in server-generated directory listings for a given file. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddDescription "<em class="replaceable"><code>description</code></em>" <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>description</code></em> should be a short text enclosed in double quotes (that is, <code class="literal">"</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> can be a full file name, a file extension, or a wildcard expression.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-adddescription"><h6>Example 10.9. Using the AddDescription directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddDescription "GZIP compressed tar archive" .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263439876512" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-adddescription"><h6>Example 10.9. Using the AddDescription directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddDescription "GZIP compressed tar archive" .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225460256560" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddEncoding</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddEncoding</code> directive allows you to specify an encoding type for a particular file extension. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddEncoding <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em> has to be a valid MIME encoding such as <code class="literal">x-compress</code>, <code class="literal">x-gzip</code>, etc. The <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em> is a case sensitive file extension, and is conventionally written with a leading dot (for example, <code class="literal">.gz</code>).
</div><div class="para">
This directive is typically used to instruct web browsers to decompress certain file types as they are downloaded.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addencoding"><h6>Example 10.10. Using the AddEncoding directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263518252512" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addencoding"><h6>Example 10.10. Using the AddEncoding directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225470270784" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddHandler</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddHandler</code> directive allows you to map certain file extensions to a selected handler. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddHandler <em class="replaceable"><code>handler</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>handler</code></em> has to be a name of previously defined handler. The <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em> is a case sensitive file extension, and is conventionally written with a leading dot (for example, <code class="literal">.cgi</code>).
</div><div class="para">
This directive is typically used to treat files with the <code class="filename">.cgi</code> extension as CGI scripts regardless of the directory they are in. Additionally, it is also commonly used to process server-parsed HTML and image-map files.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addhandler"><h6>Example 10.11. Using the AddHandler option</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddHandler cgi-script .cgi</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263480812384" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addhandler"><h6>Example 10.11. Using the AddHandler option</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddHandler cgi-script .cgi</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225458963984" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddIcon</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddIcon</code> directive allows you to specify an icon to be displayed for a particular file in server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddIcon <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -2986,34 +2986,34 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">^^BLANKICON^^</code>
</td><td class="">
Represents a blank line.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addicon"><h6>Example 10.12. Using the AddIcon directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIcon /icons/text.png .txt README</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263519048528" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addicon"><h6>Example 10.12. Using the AddIcon directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIcon /icons/text.png .txt README</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225449007936" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddIconByEncoding</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddIconByEncoding</code> directive allows you to specify an icon to be displayed for a particular encoding type in server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByEncoding <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing icon file, and must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/icons/compressed.png</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em> has to be a valid MIME encoding such as <code class="literal">x-compress</code>, <code class="literal">x-gzip</code>, etc.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addiconbyencoding"><h6>Example 10.13. Using the AddIconByEncoding directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByEncoding /icons/compressed.png x-compress x-gzip</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263481340384" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addiconbyencoding"><h6>Example 10.13. Using the AddIconByEncoding directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByEncoding /icons/compressed.png x-compress x-gzip</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225477004192" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddIconByType</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddIconByType</code> directive allows you to specify an icon to be displayed for a particular media type in server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByType <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing icon file, and must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/icons/text.png</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> has to be either a valid MIME type (for example, <code class="literal">text/html</code> or <code class="literal">image/png</code>), or a wildcard expression such as <code class="literal">text/*</code>, <code class="literal">image/*</code>, etc.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addiconbytype"><h6>Example 10.14. Using the AddIconByType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByType /icons/video.png video/*</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263489417760" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addiconbytype"><h6>Example 10.14. Using the AddIconByType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByType /icons/video.png video/*</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225468231488" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddLanguage</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddLanguage</code> directive allows you to associate a file extension with a specific language. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddLanguage <em class="replaceable"><code>language</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>language</code></em> has to be a valid MIME language such as <code class="literal">cs</code>, <code class="literal">en</code>, or <code class="literal">fr</code>. The <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em> is a case sensitive file extension, and is conventionally written with a leading dot (for example, <code class="literal">.cs</code>).
</div><div class="para">
This directive is especially useful for web servers that serve content in multiple languages based on the client's language settings.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addlanguage"><h6>Example 10.15. Using the AddLanguage directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddLanguage cs .cs .cz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263433366464" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addlanguage"><h6>Example 10.15. Using the AddLanguage directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddLanguage cs .cs .cz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225393712480" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddType</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddType</code> directive allows you to define or override the media type for a particular file extension. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddType <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> has to be a valid MIME type such as <code class="literal">text/html</code>, <code class="literal">image/png</code>, etc. The <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em> is a case sensitive file extension, and is conventionally written with a leading dot (for example, <code class="literal">.cs</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addtype"><h6>Example 10.16. Using the AddType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263423762672" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addtype"><h6>Example 10.16. Using the AddType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225404077600" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Alias</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Alias</code> directive allows you to refer to files and directories outside the default directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Alias <em class="replaceable"><code>url-path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>real-path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>url-path</code></em> must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/images/</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>real-path</code></em> is a full path to a file or directory in the local file system.
- </div><a id="idm263489422528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225461919792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directive is typically followed by the <code class="option">Directory</code> tag with additional permissions to access the target directory. By default, the <code class="literal">/icons/</code> alias is created so that the icons from <code class="filename">/var/www/icons/</code> are displayed in server-generated directory listings.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-alias"><h6>Example 10.17. Using the Alias directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Alias /icons/ /var/www/icons/
@@ -3022,13 +3022,13 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
-<Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263457998736" class="indexterm"></a>
+<Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225467753760" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Allow</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Allow</code> directive allows you to specify which clients have permission to access a given directory. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Allow from <em class="replaceable"><code>client</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>client</code></em> can be a domain name, an IP address (both full and partial), a <em class="replaceable"><code>network</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>netmask</code></em> pair, or <code class="literal">all</code> for all clients.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-allow"><h6>Example 10.18. Using the Allow directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Allow from 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263487466672" class="indexterm"></a>
- <code class="option">AllowOverride</code> </span></dt><dd><a id="idm263487467312" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487469920" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-allow"><h6>Example 10.18. Using the Allow directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Allow from 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225437880480" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <code class="option">AllowOverride</code> </span></dt><dd><a id="idm225441879536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225441883056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AllowOverride</code> directive allows you to specify which directives in a <code class="filename">.htaccess</code> file can override the default configuration. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AllowOverride <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em> has to be one of the available grouping options as described in <a class="xref" href="#table-apache-httpdconf-allowoverride">Table 10.4, “Available AllowOverride options”</a>.
@@ -3064,24 +3064,24 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">Options</code>[<span class="optional">=<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>,…</span>]
</td><td class="">
Allows the use of the <code class="option">Options</code> directive. Additionally, you can provide a comma-separated list of options to customize which options can be set using this directive.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-allowoverride"><h6>Example 10.19. Using the AllowOverride directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263496964800" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-allowoverride"><h6>Example 10.19. Using the AllowOverride directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225443708080" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">BrowserMatch</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">BrowserMatch</code> directive allows you to modify the server behavior based on the client's web browser type. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">BrowserMatch <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> is a regular expression to match the User-Agent HTTP header field. The <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em> is an environment variable that is set when the header field matches the pattern.
</div><div class="para">
By default, this directive is used to deny connections to specific browsers with known issues, and to disable keepalives and HTTP header flushes for browsers that are known to have problems with these actions.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-browsermatch"><h6>Example 10.20. Using the BrowserMatch directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263474821920" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-browsermatch"><h6>Example 10.20. Using the BrowserMatch directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225427578544" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheDefaultExpire</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheDefaultExpire</code> option allows you to set how long to cache a document that does not have any expiration date or the date of its last modification specified. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheDefaultExpire <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em> is specified in seconds. The default option is <code class="literal">3600</code> (that is, one hour).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachedefaultexpire"><h6>Example 10.21. Using the CacheDefaultExpire directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheDefaultExpire 3600</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263488083232" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachedefaultexpire"><h6>Example 10.21. Using the CacheDefaultExpire directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheDefaultExpire 3600</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225461561472" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheDisable</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheDisable</code> directive allows you to disable caching of certain URLs. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheDisable <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/files/</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachedisable"><h6>Example 10.22. Using the CacheDisable directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheDisable /temporary</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263477862016" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachedisable"><h6>Example 10.22. Using the CacheDisable directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheDisable /temporary</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225500904960" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheEnable</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheEnable</code> directive allows you to specify a cache type to be used for certain URLs. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheEnable <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>url</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -3102,17 +3102,17 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">fd</code>
</td><td class="">
The file descriptor cache.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cacheenable"><h6>Example 10.23. Using the CacheEnable directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheEnable disk /</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263452913680" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cacheenable"><h6>Example 10.23. Using the CacheEnable directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheEnable disk /</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225475480592" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheLastModifiedFactor</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheLastModifiedFactor</code> directive allows you to customize how long to cache a document that does not have any expiration date specified, but that provides information about the date of its last modification. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheLastModifiedFactor <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> is a coefficient to be used to multiply the time that passed since the last modification of the document. The default option is <code class="literal">0.1</code> (that is, one tenth).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachelastmodifiedfactor"><h6>Example 10.24. Using the CacheLastModifiedFactor directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheLastModifiedFactor 0.1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263423721904" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachelastmodifiedfactor"><h6>Example 10.24. Using the CacheLastModifiedFactor directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheLastModifiedFactor 0.1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225442706624" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheMaxExpire</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheMaxExpire</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum amount of time to cache a document. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheMaxExpire <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em> is specified in seconds. The default option is <code class="literal">86400</code> (that is, one day).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachemaxexpire"><h6>Example 10.25. Using the CacheMaxExpire directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheMaxExpire 86400</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263444501728" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachemaxexpire"><h6>Example 10.25. Using the CacheMaxExpire directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheMaxExpire 86400</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225491322416" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheNegotiatedDocs</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheNegotiatedDocs</code> directive allows you to enable caching of the documents that were negotiated on the basis of content. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheNegotiatedDocs <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -3129,53 +3129,53 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">Off</code>
</td><td class="">
Disables caching the content-negotiated documents.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachenegotiateddocs"><h6>Example 10.26. Using the CacheNegotiatedDocs directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheNegotiatedDocs On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263456273120" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachenegotiateddocs"><h6>Example 10.26. Using the CacheNegotiatedDocs directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheNegotiatedDocs On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225492843376" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheRoot</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheRoot</code> directive allows you to specify the directory to store cache files in. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">CacheRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="idm263456278528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">CacheRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="idm225449973792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> must be a full path to an existing directory in the local file system. The default option is <code class="filename">/var/cache/mod_proxy/</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cacheroot"><h6>Example 10.27. Using the CacheRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheRoot /var/cache/mod_proxy</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263449968112" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cacheroot"><h6>Example 10.27. Using the CacheRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheRoot /var/cache/mod_proxy</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225459944016" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CustomLog</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CustomLog</code> directive allows you to specify the log file name and the log file format. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">CustomLog <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em></pre><a id="idm263514629936" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">CustomLog <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em></pre><a id="idm225439891168" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to a log file, and must be relative to the directory that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code> by default). The <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em> has to be either an explicit format string, or a format name that was previously defined using the <code class="option">LogFormat</code> directive.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-customlog"><h6>Example 10.28. Using the CustomLog directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CustomLog logs/access_log combined</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263514637504" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-customlog"><h6>Example 10.28. Using the CustomLog directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CustomLog logs/access_log combined</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225422669568" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">DefaultIcon</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">DefaultIcon</code> directive allows you to specify an icon to be displayed for a file in server-generated directory listings when no other icon is associated with it. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">DefaultIcon <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing icon file, and must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/icons/unknown.png</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-defaulticon"><h6>Example 10.29. Using the DefaultIcon directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.png</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475580496" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-defaulticon"><h6>Example 10.29. Using the DefaultIcon directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.png</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225443689472" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">DefaultType</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">DefaultType</code> directive allows you to specify a media type to be used in case the proper MIME type cannot be determined by the server. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">DefaultType <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> has to be a valid MIME type such as <code class="literal">text/html</code>, <code class="literal">image/png</code>, <code class="literal">application/pdf</code>, etc.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-defaulttype"><h6>Example 10.30. Using the DefaultType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DefaultType text/plain</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263392120336" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-defaulttype"><h6>Example 10.30. Using the DefaultType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DefaultType text/plain</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225471864688" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Deny</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Deny</code> directive allows you to specify which clients are denied access to a given directory. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Deny from <em class="replaceable"><code>client</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>client</code></em> can be a domain name, an IP address (both full and partial), a <em class="replaceable"><code>network</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>netmask</code></em> pair, or <code class="literal">all</code> for all clients.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-deny"><h6>Example 10.31. Using the Deny directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Deny from 192.168.1.1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263480364128" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-deny"><h6>Example 10.31. Using the Deny directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Deny from 192.168.1.1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225394073504" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">DirectoryIndex</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">DirectoryIndex</code> directive allows you to specify a document to be served to a client when a directory is requested (that is, when the URL ends with the <code class="literal">/</code> character). It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">DirectoryIndex <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> is a name of the file to look for in the requested directory. By default, the server looks for <code class="filename">index.html</code>, and <code class="filename">index.html.var</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-directoryindex"><h6>Example 10.32. Using the DirectoryIndex directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263478006384" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-directoryindex"><h6>Example 10.32. Using the DirectoryIndex directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225439282288" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive allows you to specify the main directory from which the content is served. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">DocumentRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="idm263422988320" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">DocumentRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="idm225439286544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> must be a full path to an existing directory in the local file system. The default option is <code class="filename">/var/www/html/</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-documentroot"><h6>Example 10.33. Using the DocumentRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DocumentRoot /var/www/html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263491546528" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-documentroot"><h6>Example 10.33. Using the DocumentRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DocumentRoot /var/www/html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225450555056" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ErrorDocument</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ErrorDocument</code> directive allows you to specify a document or a message to be displayed as a response to a particular error. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ErrorDocument <em class="replaceable"><code>error-code</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>error-code</code></em> has to be a valid code such as <code class="literal">403</code> (Forbidden), <code class="literal">404</code> (Not Found), or <code class="literal">500</code> (Internal Server Error). The <em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em> can be either a URL (both local and external), or a message string enclosed in double quotes (that is, <code class="literal">"</code>).
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-errordocument"><h6>Example 10.34. Using the ErrorDocument directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ErrorDocument 403 "Access Denied"
-ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263464021536" class="indexterm"></a>
+ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225497189440" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ErrorLog</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ErrorLog</code> directive allows you to specify a file to which the server errors are logged. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">ErrorLog <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="idm263464026848" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">ErrorLog <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="idm225445371840" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to a log file, and can be either absolute, or relative to the directory that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code> by default). The default option is <code class="filename">logs/error_log</code>
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-errorlog"><h6>Example 10.35. Using the ErrorLog directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ErrorLog logs/error_log</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263477625936" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-errorlog"><h6>Example 10.35. Using the ErrorLog directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ErrorLog logs/error_log</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225469922704" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ExtendedStatus</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ExtendedStatus</code> directive allows you to enable detailed server status information. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ExtendedStatus <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -3192,19 +3192,19 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">Off</code>
</td><td class="">
Disables generating the detailed server status.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-extendedstatus"><h6>Example 10.36. Using the ExtendedStatus directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ExtendedStatus On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263465014912" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-extendedstatus"><h6>Example 10.36. Using the ExtendedStatus directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ExtendedStatus On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225393309776" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Group</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Group</code> directive allows you to specify the group under which the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service will run. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Group <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em> has to be an existing UNIX group. The default option is <code class="option">apache</code>.
</div><div class="para">
Note that <code class="option">Group</code> is no longer supported inside <code class="option"><VirtualHost></code>, and has been replaced by the <code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> directive.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-group"><h6>Example 10.37. Using the Group directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Group apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263484050496" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-group"><h6>Example 10.37. Using the Group directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Group apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225453209376" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">HeaderName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">HeaderName</code> directive allows you to specify a file to be prepended to the beginning of the server-generated directory listing. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">HeaderName <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> is a name of the file to look for in the requested directory. By default, the server looks for <code class="filename">HEADER.html</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-headername"><h6>Example 10.38. Using the HeaderName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">HeaderName HEADER.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263478222704" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-headername"><h6>Example 10.38. Using the HeaderName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">HeaderName HEADER.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225457231136" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">HostnameLookups</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">HostnameLookups</code> directive allows you to enable automatic resolving of IP addresses. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">HostnameLookups <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -3227,17 +3227,17 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Disables resolving the IP address for each connection.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Note that when the presence of hostnames is required in server log files, it is often possible to use one of the many log analyzer tools that perform the DNS lookups more efficiently.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-hostnamelookups"><h6>Example 10.39. Using the HostnameLookups directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">HostnameLookups Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263491069584" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-hostnamelookups"><h6>Example 10.39. Using the HostnameLookups directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">HostnameLookups Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225470777504" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Include</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Include</code> directive allows you to include other configuration files. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">Include <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></pre><a id="idm263463868944" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">Include <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></pre><a id="idm225452981472" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="option">filename</code> can be an absolute path, a path relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive, or a wildcard expression. All configuration files from the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/</code> directory are loaded by default.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-include"><h6>Example 10.40. Using the Include directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Include conf.d/*.conf</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263463874816" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-include"><h6>Example 10.40. Using the Include directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Include conf.d/*.conf</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225473172208" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">IndexIgnore</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">IndexIgnore</code> directive allows you to specify a list of file names to be omitted from the server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">IndexIgnore <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> option can be either a full file name, or a wildcard expression.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-indexignore"><h6>Example 10.41. Using the IndexIgnore directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263483471088" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-indexignore"><h6>Example 10.41. Using the IndexIgnore directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225439079216" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">IndexOptions</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">IndexOptions</code> directive allows you to customize the behavior of server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">IndexOptions <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -3342,7 +3342,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">XHTML</code>
</td><td class="">
Enables the use of XHTML 1.0 instead of the default HTML 3.2.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-indexoptions"><h6>Example 10.42. Using the IndexOptions directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IndexOptions FancyIndexing VersionSort NameWidth=* HTMLTable Charset=UTF-8</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263441920640" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-indexoptions"><h6>Example 10.42. Using the IndexOptions directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IndexOptions FancyIndexing VersionSort NameWidth=* HTMLTable Charset=UTF-8</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225472731728" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">KeepAlive</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">KeepAlive</code> directive allows you to enable persistent connections. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">KeepAlive <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -3361,33 +3361,33 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Disables the keep-alive connections.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Note that when the persistent connections are enabled, on a busy server, the number of child processes can increase rapidly and eventually reach the maximum limit, slowing down the server significantly. To reduce the risk, it is recommended that you set <code class="option">KeepAliveTimeout</code> to a low number, and monitor the <code class="filename">/var/log/httpd/logs/error_log</code> log file carefully.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-keepalive"><h6>Example 10.43. Using the KeepAlive directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">KeepAlive Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263462667424" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-keepalive"><h6>Example 10.43. Using the KeepAlive directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">KeepAlive Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225434499136" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">KeepAliveTimeout</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">KeepAliveTimeout</code> directive allows you to specify the amount of time to wait for another request before closing the connection. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">KeepAliveTimeout <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em> is specified in seconds. The default option is <code class="literal">15</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-keepalivetimeout"><h6>Example 10.44. Using the KeepAliveTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">KeepAliveTimeout 15</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263496102768" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-keepalivetimeout"><h6>Example 10.44. Using the KeepAliveTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">KeepAliveTimeout 15</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225428432960" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">LanguagePriority</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">LanguagePriority</code> directive allows you to customize the precedence of languages. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">LanguagePriority <em class="replaceable"><code>language</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>language</code></em> has to be a valid MIME language such as <code class="literal">cs</code>, <code class="literal">en</code>, or <code class="literal">fr</code>.
</div><div class="para">
This directive is especially useful for web servers that serve content in multiple languages based on the client's language settings.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-languagepriority"><h6>Example 10.45. Using the LanguagePriority directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LanguagePriority sk cs en</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263396082512" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-languagepriority"><h6>Example 10.45. Using the LanguagePriority directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LanguagePriority sk cs en</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225499860048" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Listen</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>Listen</code></em> directive allows you to specify IP addresses or ports to listen to. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Listen [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>ip-address</code></em>:</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em></span>]</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>ip-address</code></em> is optional and unless supplied, the server will accept incoming requests on a given <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em> from all IP addresses. Since the <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> is determined automatically from the port number, it can be usually omitted. The default option is to listen to port <code class="literal">80</code>.
</div><div class="para">
Note that if the server is configured to listen to a port under 1024, only superuser will be able to start the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-listen"><h6>Example 10.46. Using the Listen directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Listen 80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263468388384" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-listen"><h6>Example 10.46. Using the Listen directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Listen 80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225469028640" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">LoadModule</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">LoadModule</code> directive allows you to load a <em class="firstterm">Dynamic Shared Object</em> (<acronym class="acronym">DSO</acronym>) module. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="idm263465001696" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263465004128" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="idm225501461024" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470183968" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> has to be a valid identifier of the required module. The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing module file, and must be relative to the directory in which the libraries are placed (that is, <code class="filename">/usr/lib/httpd/</code> on 32-bit and <code class="filename">/usr/lib64/httpd/</code> on 64-bit systems by default).
</div><div class="para">
See <a class="xref" href="#s2-apache-dso">Section 10.1.5, “Working with Modules”</a> for more information on the Apache HTTP Server's DSO support.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-loadmodule"><h6>Example 10.47. Using the LoadModule directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263495558400" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-loadmodule"><h6>Example 10.47. Using the LoadModule directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225455051216" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">LogFormat</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>LogFormat</code></em> directive allows you to specify a log file format. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">LogFormat <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -3428,7 +3428,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">%{<em class="replaceable"><code>field</code></em>}</code>
</td><td class="">
Represents the content of the HTTP header <em class="replaceable"><code>field</code></em>. The common options include <code class="option">%{Referer}</code> (the URL of the web page that referred the client to the server) and <code class="option">%{User-Agent}</code> (the type of the web browser making the request).
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-logformat"><h6>Example 10.48. Using the LogFormat directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263474904640" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-logformat"><h6>Example 10.48. Using the LogFormat directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225475541696" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">LogLevel</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">LogLevel</code> directive allows you to customize the verbosity level of the error log. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">LogLevel <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -3469,12 +3469,12 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">debug</code>
</td><td class="">
Various debugging messages are logged.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-loglevel"><h6>Example 10.49. Using the LogLevel directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LogLevel warn</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263492211424" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-loglevel"><h6>Example 10.49. Using the LogLevel directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LogLevel warn</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225430534320" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxKeepAliveRequests</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxKeepAliveRequests</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of requests for a persistent connection. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxKeepAliveRequests <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
A high <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> can improve the performance of the server. Note that using <code class="literal">0</code> allows unlimited number of requests. The default option is <code class="option">100</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-maxkeepaliverequests"><h6>Example 10.50. Using the MaxKeepAliveRequests option</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxKeepAliveRequests 100</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263492210784" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-maxkeepaliverequests"><h6>Example 10.50. Using the MaxKeepAliveRequests option</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxKeepAliveRequests 100</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225436705376" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">NameVirtualHost</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">NameVirtualHost</code> directive allows you to specify the IP address and port number for a name-based virtual host. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">NameVirtualHost <em class="replaceable"><code>ip-address</code></em>[<span class="optional">:<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span>]</pre><div class="para">
@@ -3483,7 +3483,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Name-based virtual hosting allows one Apache HTTP Server to serve different domains without using multiple IP addresses.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using secure HTTP connections</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Name-based virtual hosts <span class="emphasis"><em>only</em></span> work with non-secure HTTP connections. If using virtual hosts with a secure server, use IP address-based virtual hosts instead.
- </div></div></div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-namevirtualhost"><h6>Example 10.51. Using the NameVirtualHost directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">NameVirtualHost *:80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263470222912" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></div></div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-namevirtualhost"><h6>Example 10.51. Using the NameVirtualHost directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">NameVirtualHost *:80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225420516400" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Options</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Options</code> directive allows you to specify which server features are available in a particular directory. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Options <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -3528,7 +3528,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">None</code>
</td><td class="">
Disables all of the features above.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-options"><h6>Example 10.52. Using the Options directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Options Indexes FollowSymLinks</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263450709600" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-options"><h6>Example 10.52. Using the Options directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Options Indexes FollowSymLinks</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225458968192" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Order</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Order</code> directive allows you to specify the order in which the <code class="option">Allow</code> and <code class="option">Deny</code> directives are evaluated. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Order <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -3545,12 +3545,12 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">deny,allow</code>
</td><td class="">
<code class="option">Deny</code> directives are evaluated first.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-order"><h6>Example 10.53. Using the Order directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Order allow,deny</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263443334816" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-order"><h6>Example 10.53. Using the Order directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Order allow,deny</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225455094544" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">PidFile</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">PidFile</code> directive allows you to specify a file to which the <em class="firstterm">process ID</em> (<acronym class="acronym">PID</acronym>) of the server is stored. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">PidFile <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="idm263466457200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">PidFile <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="idm225450800448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to a pid file, and can be either absolute, or relative to the directory that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code> by default). The default option is <code class="filename">run/httpd.pid</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-pidfile"><h6>Example 10.54. Using the PidFile directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">PidFile run/httpd.pid</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263523145872" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-pidfile"><h6>Example 10.54. Using the PidFile directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">PidFile run/httpd.pid</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225434439584" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ProxyRequests</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ProxyRequests</code> directive allows you to enable forward proxy requests. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ProxyRequests <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -3567,12 +3567,12 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">Off</code>
</td><td class="">
Disables forward proxy requests.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-proxyrequests"><h6>Example 10.55. Using the ProxyRequests directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ProxyRequests On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263472141664" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-proxyrequests"><h6>Example 10.55. Using the ProxyRequests directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ProxyRequests On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225456460576" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ReadmeName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ReadmeName</code> directive allows you to specify a file to be appended to the end of the server-generated directory listing. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ReadmeName <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> is a name of the file to look for in the requested directory. By default, the server looks for <code class="filename">README.html</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-readmename"><h6>Example 10.56. Using the ReadmeName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ReadmeName README.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263483904576" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-readmename"><h6>Example 10.56. Using the ReadmeName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ReadmeName README.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225435223328" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Redirect</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Redirect</code> directive allows you to redirect a client to another URL. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Redirect [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>status</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>url</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -3597,14 +3597,14 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">gone</code>
</td><td class="">
Indicates that the requested resource has been removed permanently. The <code class="literal">410</code> (Gone) status is returned to a client.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><a id="idm263442674272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><a id="idm225405080992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Note that for more advanced redirection techniques, you can use the <code class="systemitem">mod_rewrite</code> module that is part of the Apache HTTP Server installation.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-redirect"><h6>Example 10.57. Using the Redirect directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Redirect permanent /docs http://docs.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263473905920" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-redirect"><h6>Example 10.57. Using the Redirect directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Redirect permanent /docs http://docs.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225415047296" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ScriptAlias</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ScriptAlias</code> directive allows you to specify the location of CGI scripts. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ScriptAlias <em class="replaceable"><code>url-path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>real-path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>url-path</code></em> must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/cgi-bin/</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>real-path</code></em> is a full path to a file or directory in the local file system.
- </div><a id="idm263449491792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225425919232" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directive is typically followed by the <code class="option">Directory</code> tag with additional permissions to access the target directory. By default, the <code class="literal">/cgi-bin/</code> alias is created so that the scripts located in the <code class="filename">/var/www/cgi-bin/</code> are accessible.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ScriptAlias</code> directive is used for security reasons to prevent CGI scripts from being viewed as ordinary text documents.
@@ -3615,26 +3615,26 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Options None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
-</Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263449499984" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225434422336" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerAdmin</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerAdmin</code> directive allows you to specify the email address of the server administrator to be displayed in server-generated web pages. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ServerAdmin <em class="replaceable"><code>email</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The default option is <code class="literal">root@localhost</code>.
</div><div class="para">
This directive is commonly set to <code class="literal">webmaster@<em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em></code>, where <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em> is the address of the server. Once set, alias <code class="literal">webmaster</code> to the person responsible for the web server in <code class="filename">/etc/aliases</code>, and as superuser, run the <code class="command">newaliases</code> command.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-serveradmin"><h6>Example 10.59. Using the ServerAdmin directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerAdmin webmaster(a)penguin.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263517521296" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-serveradmin"><h6>Example 10.59. Using the ServerAdmin directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerAdmin webmaster(a)penguin.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225459607792" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerName</code> directive allows you to specify the hostname and the port number of a web server. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ServerName <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em>[<span class="optional">:<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span>]</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em> has to be a <em class="firstterm">fully qualified domain name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">FQDN</acronym>) of the server. The <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em> is optional, but when supplied, it has to match the number specified by the <code class="option">Listen</code> directive.
</div><div class="para">
When using this directive, make sure that the IP address and server name pair are included in the <code class="filename">/etc/hosts</code> file.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-servername"><h6>Example 10.60. Using the ServerName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerName penguin.example.com:80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263460088944" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-servername"><h6>Example 10.60. Using the ServerName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerName penguin.example.com:80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225499352224" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerRoot</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive allows you to specify the directory in which the server operates. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">ServerRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="idm263460094432" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">ServerRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="idm225500960368" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> must be a full path to an existing directory in the local file system. The default option is <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpd-serverroot"><h6>Example 10.61. Using the ServerRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerRoot /etc/httpd</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263440827184" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpd-serverroot"><h6>Example 10.61. Using the ServerRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerRoot /etc/httpd</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225462414752" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerSignature</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerSignature</code> directive allows you to enable displaying information about the server on server-generated documents. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ServerSignature <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -3655,7 +3655,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">EMail</code>
</td><td class="">
Enables appending the server name, version, and the email address of the system administrator as specified by the <code class="option">ServerAdmin</code> directive to server-generated pages.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-serversignature"><h6>Example 10.62. Using the ServerSignature directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerSignature On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263463929424" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-serversignature"><h6>Example 10.62. Using the ServerSignature directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerSignature On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225472203824" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerTokens</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerTokens</code> directive allows you to customize what information are included in the Server response header. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ServerTokens <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -3690,26 +3690,26 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Includes all the information above along with the list of loaded modules.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Note that for security reasons, it is recommended to reveal as little information about the server as possible.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-servertokens"><h6>Example 10.63. Using the ServerTokens directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerTokens Prod</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263515893968" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-servertokens"><h6>Example 10.63. Using the ServerTokens directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerTokens Prod</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225471154848" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> directive allows you to specify the user and group under which the CGI scripts will be run. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">SuexecUserGroup <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> has to be an existing user, and the <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em> must be a valid UNIX group.
</div><div class="para">
For security reasons, the CGI scripts should not be run with <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges. Note that in <code class="option"><VirtualHost></code>, <code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> replaces the <code class="option">User</code> and <code class="option">Group</code> directives.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-suexecusergroup"><h6>Example 10.64. Using the SuexecUserGroup directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">SuexecUserGroup apache apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263453309664" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-suexecusergroup"><h6>Example 10.64. Using the SuexecUserGroup directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">SuexecUserGroup apache apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225431973232" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Timeout</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Timeout</code> directive allows you to specify the amount of time to wait for an event before closing a connection. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Timeout <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em> is specified in seconds. The default option is <code class="literal">60</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-timeout"><h6>Example 10.65. Using the Timeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Timeout 60</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263453318384" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-timeout"><h6>Example 10.65. Using the Timeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Timeout 60</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225439585376" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">TypesConfig</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">TypesConfig</code> allows you to specify the location of the MIME types configuration file. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">TypesConfig <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="idm263450741600" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">TypesConfig <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="idm225497816128" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing MIME types configuration file, and can be either absolute, or relative to the directory that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code> by default). The default option is <code class="option">/etc/mime.types</code>.
</div><div class="para">
Note that instead of editing <code class="filename">/etc/mime.types</code>, the recommended way to add MIME type mapping to the Apache HTTP Server is to use the <code class="option">AddType</code> directive.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-typesconfig"><h6>Example 10.66. Using the TypesConfig directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">TypesConfig /etc/mime.types</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263492773360" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-typesconfig"><h6>Example 10.66. Using the TypesConfig directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">TypesConfig /etc/mime.types</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225474557376" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">UseCanonicalName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">UseCanonicalName</code> allows you to specify the way the server refers to itself. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">UseCanonicalName <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -3730,17 +3730,17 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">DNS</code>
</td><td class="">
Disables the use of the name that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerName</code> directive. The hostname determined by a reverse DNS lookup is used instead.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-usecanonicalname"><h6>Example 10.67. Using the UseCanonicalName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">UseCanonicalName Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263395638624" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-usecanonicalname"><h6>Example 10.67. Using the UseCanonicalName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">UseCanonicalName Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225446725712" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">User</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">User</code> directive allows you to specify the user under which the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service will run. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">User <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> has to be an existing UNIX user. The default option is <code class="option">apache</code>.
</div><div class="para">
For security reasons, the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service should not be run with <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges. Note that <code class="option">User</code> is no longer supported inside <code class="option"><VirtualHost></code>, and has been replaced by the <code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> directive.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-user"><h6>Example 10.68. Using the User directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">User apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263496015568" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-user"><h6>Example 10.68. Using the User directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">User apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225496055072" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">UserDir</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">UserDir</code> directive allows you to enable serving content from users' home directories. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">UserDir <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><a id="idm263496021216" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">UserDir <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><a id="idm225438967648" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em> can be either a name of the directory to look for in user's home directory (typically <code class="option">public_html</code>), or a valid keyword as described in <a class="xref" href="#table-apache-httpdconf-userdir">Table 10.20, “Available UserDir options”</a>. The default option is <code class="option">disabled</code>.
</div><div class="table" id="table-apache-httpdconf-userdir"><h6>Table 10.20. Available UserDir options</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Available UserDir options" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%" class="option" /><col width="75%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Option
@@ -3761,9 +3761,9 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
All files in this directory must be set accordingly.
</div></div></div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-userdir"><h6>Example 10.69. Using the UserDir directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">UserDir public_html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-sslconf-common"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.4.2. Common ssl.conf Directives</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Secure Sockets Layer</em> (<acronym class="acronym">SSL</acronym>) directives allow you to customize the behavior of the Apache HTTP Secure Server, and in most cases, they are configured appropriately during the installation. Be careful when changing these settings, as incorrect configuration can lead to security vulnerabilities.
- </div><a id="idm263450914208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225426174736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following directive is commonly used in <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</code>:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263450918752" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225442615424" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">SetEnvIf</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">SetEnvIf</code> directive allows you to set environment variables based on the headers of incoming connections. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">SetEnvIf <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> [<span class="optional">!</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>[<span class="optional">=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></span>]…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -3804,57 +3804,57 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Note that for the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</code> file to be present, the <span class="package">mod_ssl</span> needs to be installed. See <a class="xref" href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Section 10.1.7, “Setting Up an SSL Server”</a> for more information on how to install and configure an SSL server.
</div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mpm-common"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.4.3. Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Multi-Processing Module</em> (<acronym class="acronym">MPM</acronym>) directives allow you to customize the behavior of a particular MPM specific server-pool. Since its characteristics differ depending on which MPM is used, the directives are embedded in <code class="option">IfModule</code>. By default, the server-pool is defined for both the <code class="systemitem">prefork</code> and <code class="systemitem">worker</code> MPMs.
- </div><a id="idm263495657376" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225474545088" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following MPM directives are commonly used in <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code>:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263437362848" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225435810992" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxClients</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxClients</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of simultaneously connected clients to process at one time. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxClients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
A high <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> can improve the performance of the server, although it is not recommended to exceed <code class="literal">256</code> when using the <code class="systemitem">prefork</code> MPM.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxclients"><h6>Example 10.71. Using the MaxClients directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxClients 256</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263486606816" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxclients"><h6>Example 10.71. Using the MaxClients directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxClients 256</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225443701952" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxRequestsPerChild</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxRequestsPerChild</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of request a child process can serve before it dies. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxRequestsPerChild <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Setting the <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> to <code class="literal">0</code> allows unlimited number of requests.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxRequestsPerChild</code> directive is used to prevent long-lived processes from causing memory leaks.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxrequestsperchild"><h6>Example 10.72. Using the MaxRequestsPerChild directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxRequestsPerChild 4000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476349664" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxrequestsperchild"><h6>Example 10.72. Using the MaxRequestsPerChild directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxRequestsPerChild 4000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225437524112" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxSpareServers</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxSpareServers</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of spare child processes. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareServers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">prefork</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxspareservers"><h6>Example 10.73. Using the MaxSpareServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareServers 20</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263471657552" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxspareservers"><h6>Example 10.73. Using the MaxSpareServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareServers 20</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225493458048" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxSpareThreads</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxSpareThreads</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of spare server threads. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareThreads <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> must be greater than or equal to the sum of <code class="option">MinSpareThreads</code> and <code class="option">ThreadsPerChild</code>. This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">worker</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxsparethreads"><h6>Example 10.74. Using the MaxSpareThreads directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareThreads 75</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263471666640" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxsparethreads"><h6>Example 10.74. Using the MaxSpareThreads directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareThreads 75</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225431558752" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MinSpareServers</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MinSpareServers</code> directive allows you to specify the minimum number of spare child processes. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareServers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Note that a high <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> can create a heavy processing load on the server. This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">prefork</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-minspareservers"><h6>Example 10.75. Using the MinSpareServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareServers 5</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263395535392" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-minspareservers"><h6>Example 10.75. Using the MinSpareServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareServers 5</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225443447408" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MinSpareThreads</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MinSpareThreads</code> directive allows you to specify the minimum number of spare server threads. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareThreads <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">worker</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-minsparethreads"><h6>Example 10.76. Using the MinSpareThreads directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareThreads 75</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263478288752" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-minsparethreads"><h6>Example 10.76. Using the MinSpareThreads directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareThreads 75</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225464378784" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">StartServers</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">StartServers</code> directive allows you to specify the number of child processes to create when the service is started. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">StartServers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Since the child processes are dynamically created and terminated according to the current traffic load, it is usually not necessary to change this value.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-startservers"><h6>Example 10.77. Using the StartServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">StartServers 8</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263479584816" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-startservers"><h6>Example 10.77. Using the StartServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">StartServers 8</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225472491264" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ThreadsPerChild</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ThreadsPerChild</code> directive allows you to specify the number of threads a child process can create. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ThreadsPerChild <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">worker</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-threadsperchild"><h6>Example 10.78. Using the ThreadsPerChild directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ThreadsPerChild 25</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-dso"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.5. Working with Modules</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263479608704" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263492990096" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-threadsperchild"><h6>Example 10.78. Using the ThreadsPerChild directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ThreadsPerChild 25</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-dso"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.5. Working with Modules</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225438276496" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225438278768" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Being a modular application, the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service is distributed along with a number of <em class="firstterm">Dynamic Shared Objects</em> (<acronym class="acronym">DSO</acronym>s), which can be dynamically loaded or unloaded at runtime as necessary. By default, these modules are located in <code class="filename">/usr/lib/httpd/modules/</code> on 32-bit and in <code class="filename">/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/</code> on 64-bit systems.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-dso-loading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.5.1. Loading a Module</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263492996992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-dso-loading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.5.1. Loading a Module</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225433378544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To load a particular DSO module, use the <code class="option">LoadModule</code> directive as described in <a class="xref" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Section 10.1.4.1, “Common httpd.conf Directives”</a>. Note that modules provided by a separate package often have their own configuration file in the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/</code> directory.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-dso-loading"><h6>Example 10.79. Loading the mod_ssl DSO</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para">
Once you are finished, restart the web server to reload the configuration. See <a class="xref" href="#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 10.1.3.3, “Restarting the Service”</a> for more information on how to restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-dso-writing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.5.2. Writing a Module</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263481010944" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-dso-writing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.5.2. Writing a Module</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225471180736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you intend to create a new DSO module, make sure you have the <span class="package">httpd-devel</span> package installed. To do so, enter the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install httpd-devel</code></pre><div class="para">
This package contains the include files, the header files, and the <span class="application"><strong>APache eXtenSion</strong></span> (<code class="command">apxs</code>) utility required to compile a module.
@@ -3862,7 +3862,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Once written, you can build the module with the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">apxs -i -a -c <em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em>.c</code></pre><div class="para">
If the build was successful, you should be able to load the module the same way as any other module that is distributed with the Apache HTTP Server.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-virtualhosts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.6. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263395439040" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263395438880" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-virtualhosts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.6. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225445869936" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225445871696" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Apache HTTP Server's built in virtual hosting allows the server to provide different information based on which IP address, host name, or port is being requested.
</div><div class="para">
To create a name-based virtual host, copy the example configuration file <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/httpd-<em class="replaceable"><code>VERSION</code></em>/httpd-vhosts.conf</code> into the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/</code> directory, and replace the <code class="literal">@@Port@@</code> and <code class="literal">@@ServerRoot@@</code> placeholder values. Customize the options according to your requirements as shown in <a class="xref" href="#example-apache-virtualhosts-config">Example 10.80, “Example virtual host configuration”</a>.
@@ -3880,13 +3880,13 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
If you configure a virtual host to listen on a non-default port, make sure you update the <code class="option">Listen</code> directive in the global settings section of the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code> file accordingly.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
To activate a newly created virtual host, the web server has to be restarted first. See <a class="xref" href="#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 10.1.3.3, “Restarting the Service”</a> for more information on how to restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-mod_ssl"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.7. Setting Up an SSL Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263483547168" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263483547968" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263483549200" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263491896000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263491897728" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263491900096" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-mod_ssl"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.7. Setting Up an SSL Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225472573888" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225441244608" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225474441648" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225474440480" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225474442384" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225407119344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Secure Sockets Layer</em> (<acronym class="acronym">SSL</acronym>) is a cryptographic protocol that allows a server and a client to communicate securely. Along with its extended and improved version called <em class="firstterm">Transport Layer Security</em> (<acronym class="acronym">TLS</acronym>), it ensures both privacy and data integrity. The Apache HTTP Server in combination with <code class="systemitem">mod_ssl</code>, a module that uses the OpenSSL toolkit to provide the SSL/TLS support, is commonly referred to as the <em class="firstterm">SSL server</em>.
</div><div class="para">
Unlike a regular HTTP connection that can be read and possibly modified by anybody who is able to intercept it, the use of <code class="systemitem">mod_ssl</code> prevents any inspection or modification of the transmitted content. This section provides basic information on how to enable this module in the Apache HTTP Server configuration, and guides you through the process of generating private keys and self-signed certificates.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.7.1. An Overview of Certificates and Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263423149824" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263423152544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.7.1. An Overview of Certificates and Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225415067328" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225432378672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Secure communication is based on the use of keys. In conventional or <em class="firstterm">symmetric cryptography</em>, both ends of the transaction have the same key they can use to decode each other's transmissions. On the other hand, in public or <em class="firstterm">asymmetric cryptography</em>, two keys co-exist: a <em class="firstterm">private key</em> that is kept a secret, and a <em class="firstterm">public key</em> that is usually shared with the public. While the data encoded with the public key can only be decoded with the private key, data encoded with the private key can in turn only be decoded with the public key.
- </div><a id="idm263487650528" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263495300272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225454588848" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454590064" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To provide secure communications using SSL, an SSL server must use a digital certificate signed by a <em class="firstterm">Certificate Authority</em> (<acronym class="acronym">CA</acronym>). The certificate lists various attributes of the server (that is, the server host name, the name of the company, its location, etc.), and the signature produced using the CA's private key. This signature ensures that a particular certificate authority has signed the certificate, and that the certificate has not been modified in any way.
</div><div class="para">
When a web browser establishes a new SSL connection, it checks the certificate provided by the web server. If the certificate does not have a signature from a trusted CA, or if the host name listed in the certificate does not match the host name used to establish the connection, it refuses to communicate with the server and usually presents a user with an appropriate error message.
@@ -3916,7 +3916,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
When setting up an SSL server, you need to generate a certificate request and a private key, and then send the certificate request, proof of the company's identity, and payment to a certificate authority. Once the CA verifies the certificate request and your identity, it will send you a signed certificate you can use with your server. Alternatively, you can create a self-signed certificate that does not contain a CA signature, and thus should be used for testing purposes only.
</div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-enabling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.7.2. Enabling the mod_ssl Module</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
If you intend to set up an SSL server, make sure you have the <span class="package">mod_ssl</span> (the <code class="systemitem">mod_ssl</code> module) and <span class="package">openssl</span> (the OpenSSL toolkit) packages installed. To do so, enter the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install mod_ssl openssl</code></pre><a id="idm263396043856" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install mod_ssl openssl</code></pre><a id="idm225440005376" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This will create the <code class="systemitem">mod_ssl</code> configuration file at <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</code>, which is included in the main Apache HTTP Server configuration file by default. For the module to be loaded, restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service as described in <a class="xref" href="#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 10.1.3.3, “Restarting the Service”</a>.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Important</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Due to the SSL3.0 protocol vulnerability CVE-2014-3566, described in <a href="https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA14-290A">SSL 3.0 Protocol Vulnerability and POODLE Attack</a>, it is recommended to disable <code class="systemitem">SSL</code> and use only <code class="systemitem">TLSv1.1</code> or <code class="systemitem">TLSv1.2</code>. Backwards compatibility can be achieved using <code class="systemitem">TLSv1.0</code>. Many products have the ability to use <code class="systemitem">SSLv2</code> or <code class="systemitem">SSLv3</code> protocols, or enable them by default. However, the use of <code class="systemitem">SSLv2</code> or <code class="systemitem">SSLv3</code> is now strongly recommended against.
@@ -3948,7 +3948,7 @@ SSLProtocol All -SSLv2 -SSLv3</pre>
Restart the Apache daemon as follows:
<pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">service httpd restart</code></pre>
Note that any sessions will be interrupted.
- </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.7.4. Using an Existing Key and Certificate</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263459033568" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263459035520" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.7.4. Using an Existing Key and Certificate</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225473340528" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225473342240" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you have a previously created key and certificate, you can configure the SSL server to use these files instead of generating new ones. There are only two situations where this is not possible:
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>You are changing the IP address or domain name.</em></span>
@@ -3969,7 +3969,7 @@ SSLProtocol All -SSLv2 -SSLv3</pre>
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em>.key</pre><div class="para">
To load the updated configuration, restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service as described in <a class="xref" href="#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 10.1.3.3, “Restarting the Service”</a>.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mod_ssl-keypair"><h6>Example 10.81. Using a key and certificate from the Red Hat Secure Web Server</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">mv /etc/httpd/conf/httpsd.key /etc/pki/tls/private/penguin.example.com.key</code>
-~]# <code class="command">mv /etc/httpd/conf/httpsd.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/penguin.example.com.crt</code></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.7.5. Generating a New Key and Certificate</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263440490880" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263440494912" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+~]# <code class="command">mv /etc/httpd/conf/httpsd.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/penguin.example.com.crt</code></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.7.5. Generating a New Key and Certificate</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225461315728" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225461317488" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In order to generate a new key and certificate pair, the <span class="package">crypto-utils</span> package must be installed on the system. To install it, enter the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install crypto-utils</code></pre><div class="para">
This package provides a set of tools to generate and manage SSL certificates and private keys, and includes <span class="application"><strong>genkey</strong></span>, the Red Hat Keypair Generation utility that will guide you through the key generation process.
@@ -4032,18 +4032,18 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
Finally, restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service as described in <a class="xref" href="#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 10.1.3.3, “Restarting the Service”</a>, so that the updated configuration is loaded.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.8. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To learn more about the Apache HTTP Server, see the following resources.
- </div><h4 id="bh-The_Apache_HTTP_Server-Installed_Documentation">Installed Documentation</h4><a id="idm263443703216" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="bh-The_Apache_HTTP_Server-Installed_Documentation">Installed Documentation</h4><a id="idm225476978928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">httpd(8)</code> — The manual page for the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service containing the complete list of its command-line options.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">genkey(1)</code> — The manual page for <code class="command">genkey</code> utility, provided by the <span class="package">crypto-utils</span> package.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">apachectl(8)</code> — The manual page for the Apache HTTP Server Control Interface.
- </div></li></ul></div><h4 id="bh-The_Apache_HTTP_Server-Installable_Documentation">Installable Documentation</h4><a id="idm263487230832" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><h4 id="bh-The_Apache_HTTP_Server-Installable_Documentation">Installable Documentation</h4><a id="idm225432861088" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://localhost/manual/">http://localhost/manual/</a> — The official documentation for the Apache HTTP Server with the full description of its directives and available modules. Note that in order to access this documentation, you must have the <span class="package">httpd-manual</span> package installed, and the web server must be running.
</div><div class="para">
Before accessing the documentation, issue the following commands as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install httpd-manual</code>
-~]# <code class="command">apachectl graceful</code></pre></li></ul></div><h4 id="bh-The_Apache_HTTP_Server-Online_Documentation">Online Documentation</h4><a id="idm263443448816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+~]# <code class="command">apachectl graceful</code></pre></li></ul></div><h4 id="bh-The_Apache_HTTP_Server-Online_Documentation">Online Documentation</h4><a id="idm225466240768" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">http://httpd.apache.org/</a> — The official website for the Apache HTTP Server with documentation on all the directives and default modules.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
ulink url="http://www.modssl.org/" /> — The official website for the <span class="application"><strong>mod_ssl</strong></span> module.
@@ -4051,7 +4051,7 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
<a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a> — The OpenSSL home page containing further documentation, frequently asked questions, links to the mailing lists, and other useful resources.
</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Mail_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 11. Mail Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-protocols">11.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-send">11.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-client">11.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-types">11.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mta">11.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mda">11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mua">11.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></
dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mta">11.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">11.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">11.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">11.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-switchmail">11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mda">11.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">11.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes">11.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mua">11.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-security">11
.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-additional-resources">11.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-installed-docs">11.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-useful-websites">11.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-related-books">11.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Fedora offers many advanced applications to serve and access email. This chapter describes modern email protocols in use today, and some of the programs designed to send and receive email.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-email-protocols"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.1. Email Protocols</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263436211456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-email-protocols"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.1. Email Protocols</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225453327984" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Today, email is delivered using a client/server architecture. An email message is created using a mail client program. This program then sends the message to a server. The server then forwards the message to the recipient's email server, where the message is then supplied to the recipient's email client.
</div><div class="para">
To enable this process, a variety of standard network protocols allow different machines, often running different operating systems and using different email programs, to send and receive email.
@@ -4059,7 +4059,7 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
The following protocols discussed are the most commonly used in the transfer of email.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-email-protocols-send"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Mail delivery from a client application to the server, and from an originating server to the destination server, is handled by the <em class="firstterm">Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</em> (<em class="firstterm">SMTP</em>).
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-smtp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.1.1.1. SMTP</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263483809648" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-smtp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.1.1.1. SMTP</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225430944096" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The primary purpose of SMTP is to transfer email between mail servers. However, it is critical for email clients as well. To send email, the client sends the message to an outgoing mail server, which in turn contacts the destination mail server for delivery. For this reason, it is necessary to specify an SMTP server when configuring an email client.
</div><div class="para">
Under Fedora, a user can configure an SMTP server on the local machine to handle mail delivery. However, it is also possible to configure remote SMTP servers for outgoing mail.
@@ -4069,7 +4069,7 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
Fedora provides the Postfix and Sendmail SMTP programs.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-protocols-client"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
There are two primary protocols used by email client applications to retrieve email from mail servers: the <em class="firstterm">Post Office Protocol</em> (<em class="firstterm">POP</em>) and the <em class="firstterm">Internet Message Access Protocol</em> (<em class="firstterm">IMAP</em>).
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-pop"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.1.2.1. POP</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263521432448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-pop"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.1.2.1. POP</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225472035744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The default POP server under Fedora is <span class="application"><strong>Dovecot</strong></span> and is provided by the <span class="package">dovecot</span> package.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the dovecot package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use <span class="application"><strong>Dovecot</strong></span>, first ensure the <span class="package">dovecot</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -4093,7 +4093,7 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
<span class="emphasis"><em>RPOP</em></span> — <code class="systemitem">POP3</code> with <code class="systemitem">RPOP</code> authentication. This uses a per-user ID, similar to a password, to authenticate POP requests. However, this ID is not encrypted, so <code class="systemitem">RPOP</code> is no more secure than standard <code class="systemitem">POP</code>.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For added security, it is possible to use <em class="firstterm">Secure Socket Layer</em> (<em class="firstterm">SSL</em>) encryption for client authentication and data transfer sessions. This can be enabled by using the <code class="command">pop3s</code> service, or by using the <code class="command">stunnel</code> application. For more information on securing email communication, see <a class="xref" href="#s2-email-security">Section 11.5.1, “Securing Communication”</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-imap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.1.2.2. IMAP</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263517368800" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-imap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.1.2.2. IMAP</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225457603152" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The default <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> server under Fedora is <span class="application"><strong>Dovecot</strong></span> and is provided by the <span class="package">dovecot</span> package. See <a class="xref" href="#s3-email-protocols-pop">Section 11.1.2.1, “POP”</a> for information on how to install <span class="application"><strong>Dovecot</strong></span>.
</div><div class="para">
When using an <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> mail server, email messages remain on the server where users can read or delete them. <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> also allows client applications to create, rename, or delete mail directories on the server to organize and store email.
@@ -4107,7 +4107,7 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
For added security, it is possible to use <code class="systemitem">SSL</code> encryption for client authentication and data transfer sessions. This can be enabled by using the <code class="command">imaps</code> service, or by using the <code class="command">stunnel</code> program. For more information on securing email communication, see <a class="xref" href="#s2-email-security">Section 11.5.1, “Securing Communication”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
Other free, as well as commercial, IMAP clients and servers are available, many of which extend the IMAP protocol and provide additional functionality.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-mail-server-dovecot"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.1.2.3. Dovecot</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263458009504" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-mail-server-dovecot"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.1.2.3. Dovecot</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225446678368" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">imap-login</code> and <code class="command">pop3-login</code> processes which implement the <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP3</code> protocols are spawned by the master <code class="systemitem">dovecot</code> daemon included in the <span class="package">dovecot</span> package. The use of <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP</code> is configured through the <code class="filename">/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf</code> configuration file; by default <code class="command">dovecot</code> runs <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP3</code> together with their secure versions using <code class="systemitem">SSL</code>. To configure <code class="command">dovecot</code> to use <code class="systemitem">POP</code>, complete the following steps:
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Edit the <code class="filename">/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf</code> configuration file to make sure the <code class="literal">protocols</code> variable is uncommented (remove the hash sign (<code class="literal">#</code>) at the beginning of the line) and contains the <code class="literal">pop3</code> argument. For example:
@@ -4132,9 +4132,9 @@ ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/dovecot' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.w
Execute the <code class="filename">/usr/libexec/dovecot/mkcert.sh</code> script which creates the <code class="command">dovecot</code> self signed certificates. These certificates are copied in the <code class="filename">/etc/pki/dovecot/certs</code> and <code class="filename">/etc/pki/dovecot/private</code> directories. To implement the changes, restart <code class="command">dovecot</code> by issuing the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl restart dovecot</code></pre></li></ul></div><div class="para">
More details on <code class="command">dovecot</code> can be found online at <a href="http://www.dovecot.org">http://www.dovecot.org</a>.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-email-types"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.2. Email Program Classifications</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263480876560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-email-types"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.2. Email Program Classifications</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225455606704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In general, all email applications fall into at least one of three classifications. Each classification plays a specific role in the process of moving and managing email messages. While most users are only aware of the specific email program they use to receive and send messages, each one is important for ensuring that email arrives at the correct destination.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mta"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263439893760" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263439891840" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263439890400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mta"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225438130960" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462429504" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462428064" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Mail Transport Agent</em> (<em class="firstterm">MTA</em>) transports email messages between hosts using <code class="systemitem">SMTP</code>. A message may involve several MTAs as it moves to its intended destination.
</div><div class="para">
While the delivery of messages between machines may seem rather straightforward, the entire process of deciding if a particular MTA can or should accept a message for delivery is quite complicated. In addition, due to problems from spam, use of a particular MTA is usually restricted by the MTA's configuration or the access configuration for the network on which the MTA resides.
@@ -4144,11 +4144,11 @@ ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/dovecot' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.w
Since Fedora offers two MTAs, <em class="firstterm">Postfix</em> and <em class="firstterm">Sendmail</em>, email client programs are often not required to act as an MTA. Fedora also includes a special purpose MTA called <em class="firstterm">Fetchmail</em>.
</div><div class="para">
For more information on Postfix, Sendmail, and Fetchmail, see <a class="xref" href="#s1-email-mta">Section 11.3, “Mail Transport Agents”</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mda"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263496437776" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496814784" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496813344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mda"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225464806912" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225439630112" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225439628672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Mail Delivery Agent</em> (<em class="firstterm">MDA</em>) is invoked by the MTA to file incoming email in the proper user's mailbox. In many cases, the MDA is actually a <em class="firstterm">Local Delivery Agent</em> (<em class="firstterm">LDA</em>), such as <code class="command">mail</code> or Procmail.
</div><div class="para">
Any program that actually handles a message for delivery to the point where it can be read by an email client application can be considered an MDA. For this reason, some MTAs (such as Sendmail and Postfix) can fill the role of an MDA when they append new email messages to a local user's mail spool file. In general, MDAs do not transport messages between systems nor do they provide a user interface; MDAs distribute and sort messages on the local machine for an email client application to access.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mua"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.2.3. Mail User Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263465426496" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263465424576" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263469892272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mua"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.2.3. Mail User Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225454412000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225409283504" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225425092544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Mail User Agent</em> (<em class="firstterm">MUA</em>) is synonymous with an email client application. An MUA is a program that, at a minimum, allows a user to read and compose email messages. Many MUAs are capable of retrieving messages via the <code class="systemitem">POP</code> or <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> protocols, setting up mailboxes to store messages, and sending outbound messages to an MTA.
</div><div class="para">
MUAs may be graphical, such as <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, or have simple text-based interfaces, such as <span class="application"><strong>Mutt</strong></span>.
@@ -4160,7 +4160,7 @@ ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/dovecot' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.w
Similarly, to disable the service, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl disable <em class="replaceable"><code>service</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on how to manage system services in Fedora 24, see <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-postfix"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.3.1. Postfix</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263469123264" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477354208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-postfix"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.3.1. Postfix</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225438112416" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470769120" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Originally developed at IBM by security expert and programmer Wietse Venema, Postfix is a Sendmail-compatible MTA that is designed to be secure, fast, and easy to configure.
</div><div class="para">
To improve security, Postfix uses a modular design, where small processes with limited privileges are launched by a <em class="firstterm">master</em> daemon. The smaller, less privileged processes perform very specific tasks related to the various stages of mail delivery and run in a changed root environment to limit the effects of attacks.
@@ -4168,7 +4168,7 @@ ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/dovecot' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.w
Configuring Postfix to accept network connections from hosts other than the local computer takes only a few minor changes in its configuration file. Yet for those with more complex needs, Postfix provides a variety of configuration options, as well as third party add-ons that make it a very versatile and full-featured MTA.
</div><div class="para">
The configuration files for Postfix are human readable and support upward of 250 directives. Unlike Sendmail, no macro processing is required for changes to take effect and the majority of the most commonly used options are described in the heavily commented files.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-postfix-default"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.1.1. The Default Postfix Installation</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263523643776" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-postfix-default"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.1.1. The Default Postfix Installation</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225464383648" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Postfix executable is <code class="filename">postfix</code>. This daemon launches all related processes needed to handle mail delivery.
</div><div class="para">
Postfix stores its configuration files in the <code class="filename">/etc/postfix/</code> directory. The following is a list of the more commonly used files:
@@ -4225,15 +4225,15 @@ search_base = dc=<em class="replaceable"><code>example</code></em>, dc=<em class
The <code class="filename">/etc/postfix/ldap-aliases.cf</code> file can specify various parameters, including parameters that enable <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> <code class="systemitem">SSL</code> and <code class="systemitem">STARTTLS</code>. For more information, see the <code class="filename">ldap_table(5)</code> man page.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
For more information on <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code>, see <a class="xref" href="#s1-OpenLDAP">Section 12.1, “OpenLDAP”</a>.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-sendmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.3.2. Sendmail</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263449035424" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263457428624" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-sendmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.3.2. Sendmail</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225406077232" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225406075792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Sendmail's core purpose, like other MTAs, is to safely transfer email among hosts, usually using the <code class="systemitem">SMTP</code> protocol. Note that Sendmail is considered deprecated and users are encouraged to use Postfix when possible. See <a class="xref" href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">Section 11.3.1, “Postfix”</a> for more information.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.1. Purpose and Limitations</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263457424544" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263494676528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.1. Purpose and Limitations</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225454455280" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225460012032" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
It is important to be aware of what Sendmail is and what it can do, as opposed to what it is not. In these days of monolithic applications that fulfill multiple roles, Sendmail may seem like the only application needed to run an email server within an organization. Technically, this is true, as Sendmail can spool mail to each users' directory and deliver outbound mail for users. However, most users actually require much more than simple email delivery. Users usually want to interact with their email using an MUA, that uses <code class="systemitem">POP</code> or <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code>, to download their messages to their local machine. Or, they may prefer a Web interface to gain access to their mailbox. These other applications can work in conjunction with Sendmail, but they actually exist for different reasons and can operate separately from one another.
</div><div class="para">
It is beyond the scope of this section to go into all that Sendmail should or could be configured to do. With literally hundreds of different options and rule sets, entire volumes have been dedicated to helping explain everything that can be done and how to fix things that go wrong. See the <a class="xref" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Section 11.6, “Additional Resources”</a> for a list of Sendmail resources.
</div><div class="para">
This section reviews the files installed with Sendmail by default and reviews basic configuration changes, including how to stop unwanted email (spam) and how to extend Sendmail with the <em class="firstterm">Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)</em>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-default"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.2. The Default Sendmail Installation</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263494310512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-default"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.2. The Default Sendmail Installation</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225421304448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In order to use Sendmail, first ensure the <span class="package">sendmail</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install sendmail</code></pre><div class="para">
In order to configure Sendmail, ensure the <span class="package">sendmail-cf</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -4281,7 +4281,7 @@ search_base = dc=<em class="replaceable"><code>example</code></em>, dc=<em class
To finalize the change, the <code class="filename">virtusertable.db</code> file must be updated:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">make <code class="filename">virtusertable.db</code> all</code></pre><div class="para">
Using the <code class="option">all</code> option will result in the <code class="filename">virtusertable.db</code> and <code class="filename">access.db</code> being updated at the same time.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.3. Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263499622336" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263515860304" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.3. Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225440585344" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225448119200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When altering the Sendmail configuration file, it is best not to edit an existing file, but to generate an entirely new <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</code> file.
</div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Backup the sendmail.cf file before changing its content</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Before replacing or making any changes to the <code class="filename">sendmail.cf</code> file, create a backup copy.
@@ -4293,7 +4293,7 @@ search_base = dc=<em class="replaceable"><code>example</code></em>, dc=<em class
The default configuration in Fedora works for most <code class="systemitem">SMTP</code>-only sites. However, it does not work for <em class="firstterm">UUCP</em> (<em class="firstterm">UNIX-to-UNIX Copy Protocol</em>) sites. If using UUCP mail transfers, the <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.mc</code> file must be reconfigured and a new <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</code> file must be generated.
</div><div class="para">
Consult the <code class="filename">/usr/share/sendmail-cf/README</code> file before editing any files in the directories under the <code class="filename">/usr/share/sendmail-cf/</code> directory, as they can affect the future configuration of the <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</code> file.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.4. Masquerading</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263452614096" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490338160" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.4. Masquerading</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225475874192" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225431093024" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
One common Sendmail configuration is to have a single machine act as a mail gateway for all machines on the network. For example, a company may want to have a machine called <code class="computeroutput">mail.example.com</code> that handles all of their email and assigns a consistent return address to all outgoing mail.
</div><div class="para">
In this situation, the Sendmail server must masquerade the machine names on the company network so that their return address is <code class="computeroutput">user(a)example.com</code> instead of <code class="computeroutput">user(a)host.example.com</code>.
@@ -4307,7 +4307,7 @@ MASQUERADE_AS(`example.com.')dnl
MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(`example.com.')dnl
MASQUERADE_AS(example.com)dnl</pre><div class="para">
After generating a new <code class="filename">sendmail.cf</code> file using the <code class="command">m4</code> macro processor, this configuration makes all mail from inside the network appear as if it were sent from <code class="systemitem">example.com</code>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.5. Stopping Spam</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263486257248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.5. Stopping Spam</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225451755712" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Email spam can be defined as unnecessary and unwanted email received by a user who never requested the communication. It is a disruptive, costly, and widespread abuse of Internet communication standards.
</div><div class="para">
Sendmail makes it relatively easy to block new spamming techniques being employed to send junk email. It even blocks many of the more usual spamming methods by default. Main anti-spam features available in sendmail are <em class="firstterm">header checks</em>, <em class="firstterm">relaying denial</em> (default from version 8.9), <em class="firstterm">access database and sender information checks</em>.
@@ -4325,7 +4325,7 @@ MASQUERADE_AS(example.com)dnl</pre><div class="para">
The above examples only represent a small part of what Sendmail can do in terms of allowing or blocking access. See the <code class="filename">/usr/share/sendmail-cf/README</code> file for more information and examples.
</div><div class="para">
Since Sendmail calls the Procmail MDA when delivering mail, it is also possible to use a spam filtering program, such as SpamAssassin, to identify and file spam for users. See <a class="xref" href="#s3-email-mda-spam">Section 11.4.2.6, “Spam Filters”</a> for more information about using SpamAssassin.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.6. Using Sendmail with LDAP</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263393564608" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.6. Using Sendmail with LDAP</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225436291760" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Using <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> is a very quick and powerful way to find specific information about a particular user from a much larger group. For example, an <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> server can be used to look up a particular email address from a common corporate directory by the user's last name. In this kind of implementation, <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> is largely separate from Sendmail, with <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> storing the hierarchical user information and Sendmail only being given the result of <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> queries in pre-addressed email messages.
</div><div class="para">
However, Sendmail supports a much greater integration with <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code>, where it uses <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> to replace separately maintained files, such as <code class="filename">/etc/aliases</code> and <code class="filename">/etc/mail/virtusertables</code>, on different mail servers that work together to support a medium- to enterprise-level organization. In short, <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> abstracts the mail routing level from Sendmail and its separate configuration files to a powerful <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> cluster that can be leveraged by many different applications.
@@ -4340,7 +4340,7 @@ FEATURE('ldap_routing')dnl</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"
Next, recreate the <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</code> file by running the <code class="command">m4</code> macro processor and again restarting Sendmail. See <a class="xref" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Section 11.3.2.3, “Common Sendmail Configuration Changes”</a> for instructions.
</div><div class="para">
For more information on <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code>, see <a class="xref" href="#s1-OpenLDAP">Section 12.1, “OpenLDAP”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-fetchmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.3.3. Fetchmail</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263499755088" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263499753648" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-fetchmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.3.3. Fetchmail</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225451896784" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225451895344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fetchmail is an MTA which retrieves email from remote servers and delivers it to the local MTA. Many users appreciate the ability to separate the process of downloading their messages located on a remote server from the process of reading and organizing their email in an MUA. Designed with the needs of dial-up users in mind, Fetchmail connects and quickly downloads all of the email messages to the mail spool file using any number of protocols, including <code class="systemitem">POP3</code> and <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code>. It can even forward email messages to an <code class="systemitem">SMTP</code> server, if necessary.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the fetchmail package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use <span class="application"><strong>Fetchmail</strong></span>, first ensure the <span class="package">fetchmail</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -4350,7 +4350,7 @@ FEATURE('ldap_routing')dnl</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"
Fetchmail is configured for each user through the use of a <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file in the user's home directory. If it does not already exist, create the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file in your home directory
</div><div class="para">
Using preferences in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file, Fetchmail checks for email on a remote server and downloads it. It then delivers it to port <code class="constant">25</code> on the local machine, using the local MTA to place the email in the correct user's spool file. If Procmail is available, it is launched to filter the email and place it in a mailbox so that it can be read by an MUA.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.1. Fetchmail Configuration Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263475730864" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263475729424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.1. Fetchmail Configuration Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225501373744" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225460630832" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although it is possible to pass all necessary options on the command line to check for email on a remote server when executing Fetchmail, using a <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file is much easier. Place any desired configuration options in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file for those options to be used each time the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> command is issued. It is possible to override these at the time Fetchmail is run by specifying that option on the command line.
</div><div class="para">
A user's <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file contains three classes of configuration options:
@@ -4380,7 +4380,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
Users are not required to place their password in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file. Omitting the <code class="command">with password '<em class="replaceable"><code>password</code></em>'</code> section causes Fetchmail to ask for a password when it is launched.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
Fetchmail has numerous global, server, and local options. Many of these options are rarely used or only apply to very specific situations. The <code class="filename">fetchmail</code> man page explains each option in detail, but the most common ones are listed in the following three sections.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.2. Global Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263475117424" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263475115504" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.2. Global Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225475222976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225475221056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Each global option should be placed on a single line after a <code class="command">set</code> action.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">daemon <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> </code> — Specifies daemon-mode, where Fetchmail stays in the background. Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> with the number of seconds Fetchmail is to wait before polling the server.
@@ -4388,7 +4388,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">postmaster</code> — Specifies a local user to send mail to in case of delivery problems.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">syslog</code> — Specifies the log file for errors and status messages. By default, this is <code class="filename">/var/log/maillog</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.3. Server Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263462837280" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263462835360" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.3. Server Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225498799920" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225439300160" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Server options must be placed on their own line in <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> after a <code class="command">poll</code> or <code class="command">skip</code> action.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">auth <em class="replaceable"><code>auth-type</code></em> </code> — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>auth-type</code></em> with the type of authentication to be used. By default, <code class="command">password</code> authentication is used, but some protocols support other types of authentication, including <code class="command">kerberos_v5</code>, <code class="command">kerberos_v4</code>, and <code class="command">ssh</code>. If the <code class="command">any</code> authentication type is used, Fetchmail first tries methods that do not require a password, then methods that mask the password, and finally attempts to send the password unencrypted to authenticate to the server.
@@ -4400,7 +4400,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">proto <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> </code> — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> with the protocol, such as <code class="command">pop3</code> or <code class="command">imap</code>, to use when checking for messages on the server.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">timeout <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> </code> — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> with the number of seconds of server inactivity after which Fetchmail gives up on a connection attempt. If this value is not set, a default of <code class="command">300</code> seconds is used.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.4. User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263423689376" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263423687456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.4. User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225457799952" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225450942288" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
User options may be placed on their own lines beneath a server option or on the same line as the server option. In either case, the defined options must follow the <code class="command">user</code> option (defined below).
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">fetchall</code> — Orders Fetchmail to download all messages in the queue, including messages that have already been viewed. By default, Fetchmail only pulls down new messages.
@@ -4420,11 +4420,11 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">ssl</code> — Activates SSL encryption.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">user "<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em>"</code> — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em> with the username used by Fetchmail to retrieve messages. <span class="emphasis"><em>This option must precede all other user options.</em></span>
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.5. Fetchmail Command Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263491788448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.5. Fetchmail Command Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225444435488" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most Fetchmail options used on the command line when executing the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> command mirror the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> configuration options. In this way, Fetchmail may be used with or without a configuration file. These options are not used on the command line by most users because it is easier to leave them in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
There may be times when it is desirable to run the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> command with other options for a particular purpose. It is possible to issue command options to temporarily override a <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> setting that is causing an error, as any options specified at the command line override configuration file options.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.6. Informational or Debugging Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263444132272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.6. Informational or Debugging Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225443971344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Certain options used after the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> command can supply important information.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">--configdump</code> — Displays every possible option based on information from <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> and Fetchmail defaults. No email is retrieved for any users when using this option.
@@ -4434,7 +4434,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">-v</code> — Executes Fetchmail in verbose mode, displaying every communication between Fetchmail and remote email servers.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">-V</code> — Displays detailed version information, lists its global options, and shows settings to be used with each user, including the email protocol and authentication method. No email is retrieved for any users when using this option.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.7. Special Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263477296016" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.7. Special Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225493467568" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
These options are occasionally useful for overriding defaults often found in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">-a</code> — Fetchmail downloads all messages from the remote email server, whether new or previously viewed. By default, Fetchmail only downloads new messages.
@@ -4446,17 +4446,17 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">--quit</code> — Quits the Fetchmail daemon process.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
More commands and <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> options can be found in the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> man page.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-switchmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263453197520" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263453196080" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263453194640" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263453192912" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263453191824" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263472247696" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-switchmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225459850512" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225459849072" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225457664544" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225457662816" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225457661728" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225473141264" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Mail Transport Agent</em> (MTA) is essential for sending email. A <em class="firstterm">Mail User Agent</em> (MUA) such as <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>Thunderbird</strong></span>, and <span class="application"><strong>Mutt</strong></span>, is used to read and compose email. When a user sends an email from an MUA, the message is handed off to the MTA, which sends the message through a series of MTAs until it reaches its destination.
</div><div class="para">
Even if a user does not plan to send email from the system, some automated tasks or system programs might use the <code class="command">mail</code> command to send email containing log messages to the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user of the local system.
- </div><a id="idm263472242032" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263495616240" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225464624224" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225453136704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora 24 provides two MTAs: Postfix and Sendmail. If both are installed, Postfix is the default MTA. Note that Sendmail is considered deprecated in MAJOROS;.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-email-mda"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.4. Mail Delivery Agents</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
Fedora includes two primary MDAs, Procmail and <code class="command">mail</code>. Both of the applications are considered LDAs and both move email from the MTA's spool file into the user's mailbox. However, Procmail provides a robust filtering system.
</div><div class="para">
This section details only Procmail. For information on the <code class="command">mail</code> command, consult its man page (<code class="command">man mail</code>).
- </div><a id="idm263478133040" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478131600" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225464137120" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225464135680" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Procmail delivers and filters email as it is placed in the mail spool file of the localhost. It is powerful, gentle on system resources, and widely used. Procmail can play a critical role in delivering email to be read by email client applications.
</div><div class="para">
Procmail can be invoked in several different ways. Whenever an MTA places an email into the mail spool file, Procmail is launched. Procmail then filters and files the email for the MUA and quits. Alternatively, the MUA can be configured to execute Procmail any time a message is received so that messages are moved into their correct mailboxes. By default, the presence of <code class="filename">/etc/procmailrc</code> or of a <code class="filename">~/.procmailrc</code> file (also called an <em class="firstterm">rc</em> file) in the user's home directory invokes Procmail whenever an MTA receives a new message.
@@ -4466,7 +4466,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
Whether Procmail acts upon an email message depends upon whether the message matches a specified set of conditions or <em class="firstterm">recipes</em> in the <code class="filename">rc</code> file. If a message matches a recipe, then the email is placed in a specified file, is deleted, or is otherwise processed.
</div><div class="para">
When Procmail starts, it reads the email message and separates the body from the header information. Next, Procmail looks for a <code class="filename">/etc/procmailrc</code> file and <code class="filename">rc</code> files in the <code class="filename">/etc/procmailrcs</code> directory for default, system-wide, Procmail environmental variables and recipes. Procmail then searches for a <code class="filename">.procmailrc</code> file in the user's home directory. Many users also create additional <code class="filename">rc</code> files for Procmail that are referred to within the <code class="filename">.procmailrc</code> file in their home directory.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.4.1. Procmail Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263448171136" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487317840" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.4.1. Procmail Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225474129792" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225495348016" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Procmail configuration file contains important environmental variables. These variables specify things such as which messages to sort and what to do with the messages that do not match any recipes.
</div><div class="para">
These environmental variables usually appear at the beginning of the <code class="filename">~/.procmailrc</code> file in the following format:
@@ -4508,7 +4508,7 @@ INCLUDERC=$MAILDIR/spam.rc</pre><div class="para">
Other important environmental variables are pulled from the shell, such as <code class="command">LOGNAME</code>, the login name; <code class="command">HOME</code>, the location of the home directory; and <code class="command">SHELL</code>, the default shell.
</div><div class="para">
A comprehensive explanation of all environments variables, and their default values, is available in the <code class="filename">procmailrc</code> man page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.4.2. Procmail Recipes</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263462303744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.4.2. Procmail Recipes</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225473869216" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
New users often find the construction of recipes the most difficult part of learning to use Procmail. This difficulty is often attributed to recipes matching messages by using <em class="firstterm">regular expressions</em> which are used to specify qualifications for string matching. However, regular expressions are not very difficult to construct and even less difficult to understand when read. Additionally, the consistency of the way Procmail recipes are written, regardless of regular expressions, makes it easy to learn by example. To see example Procmail recipes, see <a class="xref" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples">Section 11.4.2.5, “Recipe Examples”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
Procmail recipes take the following form:
@@ -4523,11 +4523,11 @@ INCLUDERC=$MAILDIR/spam.rc</pre><div class="para">
A recipe can contain several conditions to match against the message. If it has no conditions, every message matches the recipe. Regular expressions are placed in some conditions to facilitate message matching. If multiple conditions are used, they must all match for the action to be performed. Conditions are checked based on the flags set in the recipe's first line. Optional special characters placed after the asterisk character (<code class="command">*</code>) can further control the condition.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command"><em class="replaceable"><code>action-to-perform</code></em></code> argument specifies the action taken when the message matches one of the conditions. There can only be one action per recipe. In many cases, the name of a mailbox is used here to direct matching messages into that file, effectively sorting the email. Special action characters may also be used before the action is specified. See <a class="xref" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Section 11.4.2.4, “Special Conditions and Actions”</a> for more information.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.1. Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263396267872" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263396265952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.1. Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225469422464" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225469420544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The action used if the recipe matches a particular message determines whether it is considered a <em class="firstterm">delivering</em> or <em class="firstterm">non-delivering</em> recipe. A delivering recipe contains an action that writes the message to a file, sends the message to another program, or forwards the message to another email address. A non-delivering recipe covers any other actions, such as a <em class="firstterm">nesting block</em>. A nesting block is a set of actions, contained in braces <code class="command">{</code> <code class="command">}</code>, that are performed on messages which match the recipe's conditions. Nesting blocks can be nested inside one another, providing greater control for identifying and performing actions on messages.
</div><div class="para">
When messages match a delivering recipe, Procmail performs the specified action and stops comparing the message against any other recipes. Messages that match non-delivering recipes continue to be compared against other recipes.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.2. Flags</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263491791568" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.2. Flags</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225476024272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Flags are essential to determine how or if a recipe's conditions are compared to a message. The <span class="application"><strong>egrep</strong></span> utility is used internally for matching of the conditions. The following flags are commonly used:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">A</code> — Specifies that this recipe is only used if the previous recipe without an <code class="command">A</code> or <code class="command">a</code> flag also matched this message.
@@ -4557,11 +4557,11 @@ INCLUDERC=$MAILDIR/spam.rc</pre><div class="para">
<code class="command">W</code> — Is identical to <code class="command">w</code> except that "Program failure" messages are suppressed.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For a detailed list of additional flags, see the <code class="filename">procmailrc</code> man page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.3. Specifying a Local Lockfile</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263440736320" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.3. Specifying a Local Lockfile</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225463943104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Lockfiles are very useful with Procmail to ensure that more than one process does not try to alter a message simultaneously. Specify a local lockfile by placing a colon (<code class="command">:</code>) after any flags on a recipe's first line. This creates a local lockfile based on the destination file name plus whatever has been set in the <code class="command">LOCKEXT</code> global environment variable.
</div><div class="para">
Alternatively, specify the name of the local lockfile to be used with this recipe after the colon.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-special"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.4. Special Conditions and Actions</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263519738864" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263519736944" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-special"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.4. Special Conditions and Actions</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225422320320" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225422318400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Special characters used before Procmail recipe conditions and actions change the way they are interpreted.
</div><div class="para">
The following characters may be used after the asterisk character (<code class="command">*</code>) at the beginning of a recipe's condition line:
@@ -4583,7 +4583,7 @@ INCLUDERC=$MAILDIR/spam.rc</pre><div class="para">
<code class="command">{</code> and <code class="command">}</code> — Constructs a nesting block, used to contain additional recipes to apply to matching messages.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
If no special character is used at the beginning of the action line, Procmail assumes that the action line is specifying the mailbox in which to write the message.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.5. Recipe Examples</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263496603024" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.5. Recipe Examples</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225431280336" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Procmail is an extremely flexible program, but as a result of this flexibility, composing Procmail recipes from scratch can be difficult for new users.
</div><div class="para">
The best way to develop the skills to build Procmail recipe conditions stems from a strong understanding of regular expressions combined with looking at many examples built by others. A thorough explanation of regular expressions is beyond the scope of this section. The structure of Procmail recipes and useful sample Procmail recipes can be found at various places on the Internet. The proper use and adaptation of regular expressions can be derived by viewing these recipe examples. In addition, introductory information about basic regular expression rules can be found in the <code class="filename">grep(1)</code> man page.
@@ -4614,7 +4614,7 @@ tuxlug</pre><div class="para">
Any messages sent from the <code class="computeroutput">tux-lug(a)domain.com</code> mailing list are placed in the <code class="filename">tuxlug</code> mailbox automatically for the MUA. Note that the condition in this example matches the message if it has the mailing list's email address on the <code class="computeroutput">From</code>, <code class="computeroutput">Cc</code>, or <code class="computeroutput">To</code> lines.
</div><div class="para">
Consult the many Procmail online resources available in <a class="xref" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Section 11.6, “Additional Resources”</a> for more detailed and powerful recipes.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-spam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.6. Spam Filters</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263460602544" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263460600624" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263494043008" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-spam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.6. Spam Filters</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225465274896" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225465272976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225431250880" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Because it is called by Sendmail, Postfix, and Fetchmail upon receiving new emails, Procmail can be used as a powerful tool for combating spam.
</div><div class="para">
This is particularly true when Procmail is used in conjunction with SpamAssassin. When used together, these two applications can quickly identify spam emails, and sort or destroy them.
@@ -4650,13 +4650,13 @@ tuxlug</pre><div class="para">
The remainder of this section focuses on securing communication between a client and a server.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-email-security"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.5.1. Securing Communication</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Popular MUAs included with Fedora, such as <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span> and <span class="application"><strong>Mutt</strong></span> offer SSL-encrypted email sessions.
- </div><a id="idm263430588192" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225364159472" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Like any other service that flows over a network unencrypted, important email information, such as user names, passwords, and entire messages, may be intercepted and viewed by users on the network. Additionally, since the standard <code class="systemitem">POP</code> and <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> protocols pass authentication information unencrypted, it is possible for an attacker to gain access to user accounts by collecting user names and passwords as they are passed over the network.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-security-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.5.1.1. Secure Email Clients</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263492239152" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-security-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.5.1.1. Secure Email Clients</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225452275680" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most Linux MUAs designed to check email on remote servers support SSL encryption. To use SSL when retrieving email, it must be enabled on both the email client and the server.
</div><div class="para">
SSL is easy to enable on the client-side, often done with the click of a button in the MUA's configuration window or via an option in the MUA's configuration file. Secure <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP</code> have known port numbers (<code class="constant">993</code> and <code class="constant">995</code>, respectively) that the MUA uses to authenticate and download messages.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-security-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.5.1.2. Securing Email Client Communications</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263486404720" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263486402800" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-security-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.5.1.2. Securing Email Client Communications</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225477065600" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225436655264" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Offering SSL encryption to <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP</code> users on the email server is a simple matter.
</div><div class="para">
First, create an SSL certificate. This can be done in two ways: by applying to a <em class="firstterm">Certificate Authority</em> (<em class="firstterm">CA</em>) for an SSL certificate or by creating a self-signed certificate.
@@ -4696,9 +4696,9 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
Once you start <code class="command">stunnel</code> with the created configuration file using the <code class="command">stunnel /etc/stunnel/mail.conf</code> command, it will be possible to use an <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> or a <code class="systemitem">POP</code> email client and connect to the email server using SSL encryption.
</div><div class="para">
For more information on <code class="command">stunnel</code>, see the <code class="filename">stunnel(8)</code> man page or the documents in the <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/stunnel/</code> directory.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-email-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263490638720" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490637280" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490635840" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490634400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-email-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225456218848" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225456217408" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225421792640" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225421791200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a list of additional documentation about email applications.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263476223376" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225469746464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Information on configuring Sendmail is included with the <span class="package">sendmail</span> and <span class="package">sendmail-cf</span> packages.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/sendmail-cf/README</code> — Contains information on the <code class="command">m4</code> macro processor, file locations for Sendmail, supported mailers, how to access enhanced features, and more.
@@ -4722,7 +4722,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
<code class="filename">procmailsc</code> — Explains the weighted scoring technique used by Procmail to match a particular recipe to a message.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/spamassassin/</code> — Contains a large amount of information pertaining to SpamAssassin.
- </div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.6.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263461265872" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.6.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225429982544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.sendmail.org/">http://www.sendmail.org/</a> — Offers a thorough technical breakdown of Sendmail features, documentation and configuration examples.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.sendmail.com/">http://www.sendmail.com/</a> — Contains news, interviews and articles concerning Sendmail, including an expanded view of the many options available.
@@ -4736,7 +4736,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.uwasa.fi/~ts/info/proctips.html">http://www.uwasa.fi/~ts/info/proctips.html</a> — Contains dozens of tips that make using Procmail much easier. Includes instructions on how to test <code class="filename">.procmailrc</code> files and use Procmail scoring to decide if a particular action should be taken.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.spamassassin.org/">http://www.spamassassin.org/</a> — The official site of the SpamAssassin project.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-related-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.6.3. Related Books</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263509649744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-related-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.6.3. Related Books</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225474052896" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">Sendmail Milters: A Guide for Fighting Spam</em> by Bryan Costales and Marcia Flynt; Addison-Wesley — A good Sendmail guide that can help you customize your mail filters.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">Sendmail</em> by Bryan Costales with Eric Allman et al.; O'Reilly & Associates — A good Sendmail reference written with the assistance of the original creator of Delivermail and Sendmail.
@@ -4746,7 +4746,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">Internet Email Protocols: A Developer's Guide</em> by Kevin Johnson; Addison-Wesley Publishing Company — Provides a very thorough review of major email protocols and the security they provide.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">Managing IMAP</em> by Dianna Mullet and Kevin Mullet; O'Reilly & Associates — Details the steps required to configure an IMAP server.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Directory_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 12. Directory Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-OpenLDAP">12.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-introduction">12.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-installation">12.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-configuration">12.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-selinux-openldap">12.1.4. SELinux Policy for Applications Using LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-running">12.1.5. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-pam">12.1.6. Configuring a System to Authentic
ate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-resources">12.1.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ldap-related-books">12.1.8. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-OpenLDAP" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">12.1. OpenLDAP</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263439448768" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490912944" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490913440" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490916640" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Directory_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 12. Directory Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-OpenLDAP">12.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-introduction">12.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-installation">12.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-configuration">12.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-selinux-openldap">12.1.4. SELinux Policy for Applications Using LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-running">12.1.5. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-pam">12.1.6. Configuring a System to Authentic
ate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-resources">12.1.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ldap-related-books">12.1.8. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-OpenLDAP" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">12.1. OpenLDAP</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225458650896" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225458653008" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472786240" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472787872" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is a set of open protocols used to access centrally stored information over a network. It is based on the <code class="systemitem">X.500</code> standard for directory sharing, but is less complex and resource-intensive. For this reason, LDAP is sometimes referred to as <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">X.500 Lite</span>”</span>.
</div><div class="para">
Like X.500, LDAP organizes information in a hierarchical manner using directories. These directories can store a variety of information such as names, addresses, or phone numbers, and can even be used in a manner similar to the <em class="firstterm">Network Information Service</em> (<acronym class="acronym">NIS</acronym>), enabling anyone to access their account from any machine on the LDAP enabled network.
@@ -4762,17 +4762,17 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
The LDAP server supports several database systems, which gives administrators the flexibility to choose the best suited solution for the type of information they are planning to serve. Because of a well-defined client <em class="firstterm">Application Programming Interface</em> (<acronym class="acronym">API</acronym>), the number of applications able to communicate with an LDAP server is numerous, and increasing in both quantity and quality.
</div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-terminology"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.1.1. LDAP Terminology</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following is a list of LDAP-specific terms that are used within this chapter:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263477761584" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225475420784" class="indexterm"></a>
entry </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A single unit within an LDAP directory. Each entry is identified by its unique <em class="firstterm">Distinguished Name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">DN</acronym>).
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263461726944" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225428695440" class="indexterm"></a>
attribute </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Information directly associated with an entry. For example, if an organization is represented as an LDAP entry, attributes associated with this organization might include an address, a fax number, etc. Similarly, people can be represented as entries with common attributes such as personal telephone number or email address.
</div><div class="para">
An attribute can either have a single value, or an unordered space-separated list of values. While certain attributes are optional, others are required. Required attributes are specified using the <code class="option">objectClass</code> definition, and can be found in schema files located in the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/cn=schema/</code> directory.
</div><div class="para">
The assertion of an attribute and its corresponding value is also referred to as a <em class="firstterm">Relative Distinguished Name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">RDN</acronym>). Unlike distinguished names that are unique globally, a relative distinguished name is only unique per entry.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263435765456" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225429937072" class="indexterm"></a>
LDIF </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">LDAP Data Interchange Format</em> (<acronym class="acronym">LDIF</acronym>) is a plain text representation of an LDAP entry. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>id</code></em></span>] dn: <em class="replaceable"><code>distinguished_name</code></em>
@@ -4780,7 +4780,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
<em class="replaceable"><code>attribute_type</code></em>: <em class="replaceable"><code>attribute_value</code></em>…
…</pre><div class="para">
The optional <em class="replaceable"><code>id</code></em> is a number determined by the application that is used to edit the entry. Each entry can contain as many <em class="replaceable"><code>attribute_type</code></em> and <em class="replaceable"><code>attribute_value</code></em> pairs as needed, as long as they are all defined in a corresponding schema file. A blank line indicates the end of an entry.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.1.2. OpenLDAP Features</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263461736832" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.1.2. OpenLDAP Features</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225475211200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OpenLDAP suite provides a number of important features:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>LDAPv3 Support</em></span> — Many of the changes in the protocol since LDAP version 2 are designed to make LDAP more secure. Among other improvements, this includes the support for Simple Authentication and Security Layer (<acronym class="acronym">SASL</acronym>), Transport Layer Security (<acronym class="acronym">TLS</acronym>), and Secure Sockets Layer (<acronym class="acronym">SSL</acronym>) protocols.
@@ -4794,7 +4794,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Updated C API</em></span> — The current C API improves the way programmers can connect to and use LDAP directory servers.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Enhanced Standalone LDAP Server</em></span> — This includes an updated access control system, thread pooling, better tools, and much more.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-setup"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.1.3. OpenLDAP Server Setup</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263487110848" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-setup"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.1.3. OpenLDAP Server Setup</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225475311872" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The typical steps to set up an LDAP server on Fedora are as follows:
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Install the OpenLDAP suite. See <a class="xref" href="#s2-ldap-installation">Section 12.1.2, “Installing the OpenLDAP Suite”</a> for more information on required packages.
@@ -4806,7 +4806,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
Use the <code class="command">ldapadd</code> utility to add entries to the LDAP directory.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Use the <code class="command">ldapsearch</code> utility to verify that the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service is accessing the information correctly.
- </div></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-installation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">12.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263440684144" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263440685312" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-installation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">12.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225428495440" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225449254592" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The suite of OpenLDAP libraries and tools is provided by the following packages:
</div><div class="table" id="table-ldap-packages-openldap"><h6>Table 12.1. List of OpenLDAP packages</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="List of OpenLDAP packages" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%" class="package" /><col width="67%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Package
@@ -4851,7 +4851,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
For example, to perform the basic LDAP server installation, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install openldap openldap-clients openldap-servers</code></pre><div class="para">
Note that you must have superuser privileges (that is, you must be logged in as <code class="systemitem">root</code>) to run this command. For more information on how to install new packages in Fedora, see <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing">Section 6.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.2.1. Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263442502272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.2.1. Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225468240112" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To perform administrative tasks, the <span class="package">openldap-servers</span> package installs the following utilities along with the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service:
</div><div class="table" id="table-ldap-packages-openldap-servers"><h6>Table 12.3. List of OpenLDAP server utilities</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="List of OpenLDAP server utilities" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%" class="command" /><col width="67%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Command
@@ -4901,7 +4901,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
To preserve the data integrity, stop the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service before using <code class="command">slapadd</code>, <code class="command">slapcat</code>, or <code class="command">slapindex</code>. You can do so by typing the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl stop slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on how to start, stop, restart, and check the current status of the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service, see <a class="xref" href="#s2-ldap-running">Section 12.1.5, “Running an OpenLDAP Server”</a>.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.2.2. Overview of OpenLDAP Client Utilities</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263477153088" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.2.2. Overview of OpenLDAP Client Utilities</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225443545392" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="package">openldap-clients</span> package installs the following utilities which can be used to add, modify, and delete entries in an LDAP directory:
</div><div class="table" id="table-ldap-packages-openldap-clients"><h6>Table 12.4. List of OpenLDAP client utilities</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="List of OpenLDAP client utilities" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%" class="command" /><col width="67%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Command
@@ -4949,7 +4949,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
Allows you to perform a <code class="option">whoami</code> operation on an LDAP server.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
With the exception of <code class="command">ldapsearch</code>, each of these utilities is more easily used by referencing a file containing the changes to be made rather than typing a command for each entry to be changed within an LDAP directory. The format of such a file is outlined in the man page for each utility.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-applications"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.2.3. Overview of Common LDAP Client Applications</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263494654000" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-applications"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.2.3. Overview of Common LDAP Client Applications</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225473535552" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although there are various graphical LDAP clients capable of creating and modifying directories on the server, none of them is included in Fedora. Popular applications that can access directories in a read-only mode include <span class="application"><strong>Mozilla Thunderbird</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, or <span class="application"><strong>Ekiga</strong></span>.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">12.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
By default, the OpenLDAP configuration is stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/</code> directory. The following table highlights the most important directories and files within this directory:
@@ -4958,12 +4958,12 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
</th><th class="">
Description
</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="">
- <a id="idm263465595824" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225499289840" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/openldap/ldap.conf</code>
</td><td class="">
The configuration file for client applications that use the OpenLDAP libraries. This includes <code class="command">ldapadd</code>, <code class="command">ldapsearch</code>, <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, etc.
</td></tr><tr><td class="">
- <a id="idm263450815120" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225450583712" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/</code>
</td><td class="">
The directory containing the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> configuration.
@@ -4973,9 +4973,9 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> configuration consists of LDIF entries organized in a hierarchical directory structure, and the recommended way to edit these entries is to use the server utilities described in <a class="xref" href="#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers">Section 12.1.2.1, “Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities”</a>.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not edit LDIF files directly</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
An error in an LDIF file can render the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service unable to start. Because of this, it is strongly advised that you avoid editing the LDIF files within the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/</code> directly.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-global"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.1. Changing the Global Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263461565184" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263461566736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-global"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.1. Changing the Global Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225428363632" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225428366224" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Global configuration options for the LDAP server are stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config.ldif</code> file. The following directives are commonly used:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263483216112" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225436494800" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcAllows</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcAllows</code> directive allows you to specify which features to enable. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcAllows</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>feature</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -5004,17 +5004,17 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">proxy_authz_anon</code>
</td><td class="">
Enables processing of anonymous proxy authorization control.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcallows"><h6>Example 12.1. Using the olcAllows directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcAllows: bind_v2 update_anon</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263496666192" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcallows"><h6>Example 12.1. Using the olcAllows directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcAllows: bind_v2 update_anon</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225459408592" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcConnMaxPending</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcConnMaxPending</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of pending requests for an anonymous session. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcConnMaxPending</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The default option is <code class="option">100</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcconnmaxpending"><h6>Example 12.2. Using the olcConnMaxPending directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcConnMaxPending: 100</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263522252800" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcconnmaxpending"><h6>Example 12.2. Using the olcConnMaxPending directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcConnMaxPending: 100</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225436861152" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcConnMaxPendingAuth</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcConnMaxPendingAuth</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of pending requests for an authenticated session. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcConnMaxPendingAuth</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The default option is <code class="option">1000</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcconnmaxpendingauth"><h6>Example 12.3. Using the olcConnMaxPendingAuth directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcConnMaxPendingAuth: 1000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263522259712" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcconnmaxpendingauth"><h6>Example 12.3. Using the olcConnMaxPendingAuth directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcConnMaxPendingAuth: 1000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225501590496" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcDisallows</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcDisallows</code> directive allows you to specify which features to disable. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcDisallows</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>feature</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -5039,39 +5039,39 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">tls_authc</code>
</td><td class="">
Disallows the STARTTLS command when authenticated.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcdisallows"><h6>Example 12.4. Using the olcDisallows directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcDisallows: bind_anon</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263479527248" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcdisallows"><h6>Example 12.4. Using the olcDisallows directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcDisallows: bind_anon</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225474950064" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcIdleTimeout</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcIdleTimeout</code> directive allows you to specify how many seconds to wait before closing an idle connection. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcIdleTimeout</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This option is disabled by default (that is, set to <code class="option">0</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcidletimeout"><h6>Example 12.5. Using the olcIdleTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcIdleTimeout: 180</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263440604096" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcidletimeout"><h6>Example 12.5. Using the olcIdleTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcIdleTimeout: 180</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225431579312" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcLogFile</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcLogFile</code> directive allows you to specify a file in which to write log messages. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcLogFile</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The log messages are written to standard error by default.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olclogfile"><h6>Example 12.6. Using the olcLogFile directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcLogFile: /var/log/slapd.log</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263466616400" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olclogfile"><h6>Example 12.6. Using the olcLogFile directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcLogFile: /var/log/slapd.log</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225406047760" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcReferral</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcReferral</code> option allows you to specify a URL of a server to process the request in case the server is not able to handle it. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcReferral</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>URL</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This option is disabled by default.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcreferral"><h6>Example 12.7. Using the olcReferral directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcReferral: ldap://root.openldap.org</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263490708304" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcreferral"><h6>Example 12.7. Using the olcReferral directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcReferral: ldap://root.openldap.org</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225454438160" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcWriteTimeout</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcWriteTimeout</code> option allows you to specify how many seconds to wait before closing a connection with an outstanding write request. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcWriteTimeout</code></pre><div class="para">
This option is disabled by default (that is, set to <code class="option">0</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcwritetimeout"><h6>Example 12.8. Using the olcWriteTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcWriteTimeout: 180</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-database"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.2. Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263392366288" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263392368048" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcwritetimeout"><h6>Example 12.8. Using the olcWriteTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcWriteTimeout: 180</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-database"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.2. Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225463178976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462227184" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, the OpenLDAP server uses Berkeley DB (BDB) as a database back end. The configuration for this database is stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}bdb.ldif</code> file. The following directives are commonly used in a database-specific configuration:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263392372800" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225462231280" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcReadOnly</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcReadOnly</code> directive allows you to use the database in a read-only mode. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcReadOnly</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em></pre><div class="para">
It accepts either <code class="option">TRUE</code> (enable the read-only mode), or <code class="option">FALSE</code> (enable modifications of the database). The default option is <code class="option">FALSE</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcreadonly"><h6>Example 12.9. Using the olcReadOnly directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcReadOnly: TRUE</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263487519776" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcreadonly"><h6>Example 12.9. Using the olcReadOnly directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcReadOnly: TRUE</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225475545872" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcRootDN</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcRootDN</code> directive allows you to specify the user that is unrestricted by access controls or administrative limit parameters set for operations on the LDAP directory. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcRootDN</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>distinguished_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
It accepts a <em class="firstterm">Distinguished Name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">DN</acronym>). The default option is <code class="option">cn=Manager,dn=my-domain,dc=com</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcrootdn"><h6>Example 12.10. Using the olcRootDN directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcRootDN: cn=root,dn=example,dn=com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263461435632" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcrootdn"><h6>Example 12.10. Using the olcRootDN directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcRootDN: cn=root,dn=example,dn=com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225458947568" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcRootPW</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcRootPW</code> directive allows you to set a password for the user that is specified using the <code class="option">olcRootDN</code> directive. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcRootPW</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>password</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -5079,14 +5079,14 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">slappaswd</code>
New password:
Re-enter new password:
-{SSHA}WczWsyPEnMchFf1GRTweq2q7XJcvmSxD</pre><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcrootpw"><h6>Example 12.11. Using the olcRootPW directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcRootPW: {SSHA}WczWsyPEnMchFf1GRTweq2q7XJcvmSxD</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263483363648" class="indexterm"></a>
+{SSHA}WczWsyPEnMchFf1GRTweq2q7XJcvmSxD</pre><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcrootpw"><h6>Example 12.11. Using the olcRootPW directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcRootPW: {SSHA}WczWsyPEnMchFf1GRTweq2q7XJcvmSxD</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225435638064" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcSuffix</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcSuffix</code> directive allows you to specify the domain for which to provide information. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcSuffix</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
It accepts a <em class="firstterm">fully qualified domain name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">FQDN</acronym>). The default option is <code class="option">dc=my-domain,dc=com</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcsuffix"><h6>Example 12.12. Using the olcSuffix directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcSuffix: dc=example,dc=com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-schema"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.3. Extending Schema</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263443289344" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263443295696" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcsuffix"><h6>Example 12.12. Using the olcSuffix directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcSuffix: dc=example,dc=com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-schema"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.3. Extending Schema</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225418559296" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225418560416" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Since OpenLDAP 2.3, the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/</code> directory also contains LDAP definitions that were previously located in <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/schema/</code>. It is possible to extend the schema used by OpenLDAP to support additional attribute types and object classes using the default schema files as a guide. However, this task is beyond the scope of this chapter. For more information on this topic, see <a href="http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin/schema.html">http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin/schema.html</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-establishing_a_secure_connection"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.4. Establishing a Secure Connection</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263443296656" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263443298896" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263443300320" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478796400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-establishing_a_secure_connection"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.4. Establishing a Secure Connection</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225400770832" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225450596944" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225450594288" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225450596144" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OpenLDAP clients and servers can be secured using the Transport Layer Security (TLS) framework. TLS is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communication security over the network. As noted above, OpenLDAP suite in Fedora uses Mozilla NSS as the TLS implementation.
</div><div class="para">
To establish a secure connection using TLS, obtain the required certificates as described in <a href="http://www.openldap.org/faq/index.cgi?file=1514"><em class="citetitle">How do I use TLS/SSL with Mozilla NSS</em></a>. Then, a number of options must be configured on both the client and the server. At a minimum, a server must be configured with the Certificate Authority (CA) certificates and also its own server certificate and private key. The clients must be configured with the name of the file containing all the trusted CA certificates.
@@ -5156,7 +5156,7 @@ Re-enter new password:
The <code class="option">TLS_KEY</code> directive takes the following form:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="option">TLS_KEY</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> with a path to the client certificate file or with a name of the password file in the NSS database.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-setting_up_replication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.5. Setting Up Replication</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474073200" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474075856" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474077904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-setting_up_replication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.5. Setting Up Replication</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225433651744" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225433654144" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225497922384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Replication is the process of copying updates from one LDAP server (<span class="emphasis"><em>provider</em></span>) to one or more other servers or clients (<span class="emphasis"><em>consumers</em></span>). A provider replicates directory updates to consumers, the received updates can be further propagated by the consumer to other servers, so a consumer can also act simultaneously as a provider. Also, a consumer does not have to be an LDAP server, it may be just an LDAP client. In OpenLDAP, you can use several replication modes, most notable are <span class="emphasis"><em>mirror</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>sync</em></span>. For more information on OpenLDAP replication modes, see the <span class="emphasis"><em>OpenLDAP Software Administrator's Guide</em></span> installed with <span class="package">openldap-servers</span> package (see <a class="xref" href="#bh-Installed_Documentation_OpenLDAP">the section called “Installed Documentation”</a>).
</div><div class="para">
To enable a chosen replication mode, use one of the following directives in <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/</code> on both provider and consumers.
@@ -5168,7 +5168,7 @@ Re-enter new password:
The <code class="option">olcSyncrepl</code> directive enables the sync replication mode. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="option">olcSyncrepl</code> <code class="option">on</code></pre><div class="para">
The sync replication mode requires a specific configuration on both the provider and the consumers. This configuration is thoroughly described in the <span class="emphasis"><em>18.3.1. Syncrepl</em></span> section of the <span class="emphasis"><em>OpenLDAP Software Administrator's Guide</em></span> (see <a class="xref" href="#bh-Installed_Documentation_OpenLDAP">the section called “Installed Documentation”</a>).
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-loading_modules_or_backends"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.6. Loading Modules and Backends</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263481040144" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497475488" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497477056" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497478464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-loading_modules_or_backends"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.6. Loading Modules and Backends</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225439146976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225439148672" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225456442336" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225456443744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can enhance the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service with dynamically loaded modules. Support for these modules must be enabled with the <code class="option">--enable-modules</code> option when configuring <code class="systemitem">slapd</code>. Modules are stored in files with the <span class="emphasis"><em>.la</em></span> extension:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em>.la</pre><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Backends</em> store or retrieve data in response to LDAP requests. Backends may be compiled statically into <code class="systemitem">slapd</code>, or when module support is enabled, they may be dynamically loaded. In the latter case, the following naming convention is applied:
@@ -5182,31 +5182,31 @@ Re-enter new password:
SELinux is an implementation of a mandatory access control mechanism in the Linux kernel. By default, SELinux prevents applications from accessing an OpenLDAP server. To enable authentication through LDAP, which is required by several applications, the <code class="systemitem">allow_ypbind</code> SELinux Boolean needs to be enabled. Certain applications also demand an enabled <code class="systemitem">authlogin_nsswitch_use_ldap</code> Boolean in this scenario. Execute the following commands to enable the aforementioned Booleans:
</div><pre class="synopsis">~]# <code class="command">setsebool</code> <code class="option">-P</code> <code class="option">allow_ypbind</code>=<code class="literal">1</code></pre><pre class="synopsis">~]# <code class="command">setsebool</code> <code class="option">-P</code> <code class="option">authlogin_nsswitch_use_ldap</code>=<code class="literal">1</code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="option">-P</code> option makes this setting persistent across system reboots. See the <a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/ht…">Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 SELinux User's and Administrator's Guide</a> for more detailed information about SELinux.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">12.1.5. Running an OpenLDAP Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263468722208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">12.1.5. Running an OpenLDAP Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225468989792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This section describes how to start, stop, restart, and check the current status of the <span class="application"><strong>Standalone LDAP Daemon</strong></span>. For more information on how to manage system services in general, see <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.5.1. Starting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263479259552" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.5.1. Starting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225468993648" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service in the current session, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl start slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
To configure the service to start automatically at the boot time, use the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl enable slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
See <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.5.2. Stopping the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263479268032" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.5.2. Stopping the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225425771312" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To stop the running <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service in the current session, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl stop slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
To prevent the service from starting automatically at the boot time, type as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl disable slapd.service</code>
rm '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/slapd.service'</pre><div class="para">
See <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.5.3. Restarting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263479575680" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.5.3. Restarting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225366125664" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To restart the running <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl restart slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
This stops the service and immediately starts it again. Use this command to reload the configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-status"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.5.4. Verifying the Service Status</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263449346816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-status"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.5.4. Verifying the Service Status</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225429192432" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To verify that the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service is running, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">systemctl is-active slapd.service</code>
active</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-pam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">12.1.6. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
In order to configure a system to authenticate using OpenLDAP, make sure that the appropriate packages are installed on both LDAP server and client machines. For information on how to set up the server, follow the instructions in <a class="xref" href="#s2-ldap-installation">Section 12.1.2, “Installing the OpenLDAP Suite”</a> and <a class="xref" href="#s2-ldap-configuration">Section 12.1.3, “Configuring an OpenLDAP Server”</a>. On a client, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install openldap openldap-clients nss-pam-ldapd</code></pre><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-migrationtools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.6.1. Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263483276896" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install openldap openldap-clients nss-pam-ldapd</code></pre><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-migrationtools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.6.1. Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225457144848" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="package">migrationtools</span> package provides a set of shell and Perl scripts to help you migrate authentication information into an LDAP format. To install this package, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install migrationtools</code></pre><div class="para">
This will install the scripts to the <code class="filename">/usr/share/migrationtools/</code> directory. Once installed, edit the <code class="filename">/usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph</code> file and change the following lines to reflect the correct domain, for example:
@@ -5319,15 +5319,15 @@ $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=example,dc=com";</pre><div class="para">
A book covering LDAP design principles, as well as its deployment in a production environment.
</div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-File_and_Print_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 13. File and Print Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba">13.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">13.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">13.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">13.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share">13.1.4. Mounting the Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">13.1.5. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"
><a href="#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">13.1.6. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">13.1.7. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Security_Modes">13.1.8. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">13.1.9. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Network_Browsing">13.1.10. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support">13.1.11. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">13.1.12. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Samba-Resources">13.1.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></d
l></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-FTP">13.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-protocol">13.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-servers">13.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">13.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">13.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf">13.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-resources">13.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Printer_Configuration">13.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">13.3.1. Starti
ng the Printers Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Printer">13.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Adding_Other_Printer">13.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-jetdirect-printer">13.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-ipp-printer">13.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer">13.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">13.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-select-model">13.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-test-page">13.3.9. Printing a Test Page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section">
<a href="#s1-printing-edit">13.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-additional-resources">13.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
This chapter guides you through the installation and configuration of <span class="application"><strong>Samba</strong></span>, an open source implementation of the <em class="firstterm">Server Message Block</em> (<acronym class="acronym">SMB</acronym>) and <em class="firstterm">common Internet file system</em> (<code class="systemitem">CIFS</code>) protocol, and <span class="application"><strong>vsftpd</strong></span>, the primary FTP server shipped with Fedora. Additionally, it explains how to use the <span class="application"><strong>Printer</strong></span> tool to configure printers.
- </div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="sect-Samba" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">13.1. Samba</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263433785056" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263433788608" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="sect-Samba" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">13.1. Samba</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225431792624" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225475116336" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>Samba</strong></span> is the standard open source Windows interoperability suite of programs for Linux. It implements the <em class="firstterm">server message block</em> (<code class="systemitem">SMB</code>) protocol. Modern versions of this protocol are also known as the <em class="firstterm">common Internet file system</em> (<code class="systemitem">CIFS</code>) protocol. It allows the networking of Microsoft <span class="trademark">Windows</span>®, Linux, UNIX, and other operating systems together, enabling access to Windows-based file and printer shares. Samba's use of <code class="systemitem">SMB</code> allows it to appear as a Windows server to Windows clients.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the samba package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use <span class="application"><strong>Samba</strong></span>, first ensure the <span class="package">samba</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install samba</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on installing packages with DNF, see <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing">Section 6.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.1. Introduction to Samba</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263479729808" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.1. Introduction to Samba</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225453751072" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba is an important component to seamlessly integrate Linux Servers and Desktops into Active Directory (AD) environments. It can function both as a domain controller (NT4-style) or as a regular domain member (AD or NT4-style).
- </div><a id="idm263479731568" class="indexterm"></a><h4 id="idm263479733184">What Samba can do:</h4><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225451428192" class="indexterm"></a><h4 id="idm225451429728">What Samba can do:</h4><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Serve directory trees and printers to Linux, UNIX, and Windows clients
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Assist in network browsing (with NetBIOS)
@@ -5343,27 +5343,27 @@ $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=example,dc=com";</pre><div class="para">
Act as an Active Directory domain member server
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Join a Windows NT/2000/2003/2008 PDC/Windows Server 2012
- </div></li></ul></div><h4 id="idm263463318384">What Samba cannot do:</h4><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><h4 id="idm225495931872">What Samba cannot do:</h4><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Act as a BDC for a Windows PDC (and vice versa)
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Act as an Active Directory domain controller
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263514397376" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225451452656" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba is comprised of three daemons (<code class="systemitem">smbd</code>, <code class="systemitem">nmbd</code>, and <code class="systemitem">winbindd</code>). Three services (<code class="systemitem">smb</code>, <code class="systemitem">nmb</code>, and <code class="systemitem">winbind</code>) control how the daemons are started, stopped, and other service-related features. These services act as different init scripts. Each daemon is listed in detail below, as well as which specific service has control over it.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Daemons-smbd">smbd</h4><a id="idm263514406160" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Daemons-smbd">smbd</h4><a id="idm225493696112" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbd</code> server daemon provides file sharing and printing services to Windows clients. In addition, it is responsible for user authentication, resource locking, and data sharing through the <code class="systemitem">SMB</code> protocol. The default ports on which the server listens for <code class="systemitem">SMB</code> traffic are <code class="systemitem">TCP</code> ports <code class="constant">139</code> and <code class="constant">445</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbd</code> daemon is controlled by the <code class="systemitem">smb</code> service.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Daemons-nmbd">nmbd</h4><a id="idm263477787952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Daemons-nmbd">nmbd</h4><a id="idm225407163312" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">nmbd</code> server daemon understands and replies to NetBIOS name service requests such as those produced by SMB/CIFS in Windows-based systems. These systems include Windows 95/98/ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and LanManager clients. It also participates in the browsing protocols that make up the Windows <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Neighborhood</strong></span> view. The default port that the server listens to for <code class="systemitem">NMB</code> traffic is <code class="systemitem">UDP</code> port <code class="systemitem">137</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">nmbd</code> daemon is controlled by the <code class="systemitem">nmb</code> service.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Daemons-winbindd">winbindd</h4><a id="idm263477792464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Daemons-winbindd">winbindd</h4><a id="idm225442545184" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">winbind</code> service resolves user and group information received from a server running Windows NT, 2000, 2003, Windows Server 2008, or Windows Server 2012. This makes Windows user and group information understandable by UNIX platforms. This is achieved by using Microsoft RPC calls, <em class="firstterm">Pluggable Authentication Modules</em> (PAM), and the <em class="firstterm">Name Service Switch</em> (NSS). This allows Windows NT domain and Active Directory users to appear and operate as UNIX users on a UNIX machine. Though bundled with the Samba distribution, the <code class="systemitem">winbind</code> service is controlled separately from the <code class="systemitem">smb</code> service.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">winbind</code> daemon is controlled by the <code class="systemitem">winbind</code> service and does not require the <code class="systemitem">smb</code> service to be started in order to operate. <code class="systemitem">winbind</code> is also used when Samba is an Active Directory member, and may also be used on a Samba domain controller (to implement nested groups and interdomain trust). Because <code class="systemitem">winbind</code> is a client-side service used to connect to Windows NT-based servers, further discussion of <code class="systemitem">winbind</code> is beyond the scope of this chapter.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Obtaining a list of utilities that are shipped with Samba</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
See <a class="xref" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Section 13.1.12, “Samba Distribution Programs”</a> for a list of utilities included in the Samba distribution.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263474421872" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225469682320" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can use either <span class="application"><strong>Nautilus</strong></span> or command line to connect to available Samba shares.
</div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share_GUI"><h6>Procedure 13.1. Connecting to a Samba Share Using Nautilus</h6><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
To view a list of Samba workgroups and domains on your network, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Places</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Network</strong></span> from the GNOME panel, and then select the desired network. Alternatively, type <strong class="userinput"><code>smb:</code></strong> in the <span class="guimenu"><strong>File</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Open Location</strong></span> bar of <span class="application"><strong>Nautilus</strong></span>.
@@ -5377,7 +5377,7 @@ $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=example,dc=com";</pre><div class="para">
An icon exists for each machine within the workgroup. Double-click on an icon to view the Samba shares on the machine. If a user name and password combination is required, you are prompted for them.
</div><div class="para">
Alternately, you can also specify the Samba server and sharename in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Location:</strong></span> bar for <span class="application"><strong>Nautilus</strong></span> using the following syntax (replace <em class="replaceable"><code>servername</code></em> and <em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em> with the appropriate values):
- </div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smb://<em class="replaceable"><code>servername</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em></code></pre></li></ol></div><a id="idm263480076240" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480079088" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480080672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share_CLI"><h6>Procedure 13.2. Connecting to a Samba Share Using the Command Line</h6><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smb://<em class="replaceable"><code>servername</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em></code></pre></li></ol></div><a id="idm225456816656" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225445601392" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225456820880" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share_CLI"><h6>Procedure 13.2. Connecting to a Samba Share Using the Command Line</h6><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
To connect to a Samba share from a shell prompt, type the following command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">~]$ smbclient //<em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em> -U <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em> with the host name or <code class="systemitem">IP</code> address of the Samba server you want to connect to, <em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em> with the name of the shared directory you want to browse, and <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em> with the Samba user name for the system. Enter the correct password or press <span class="keycap"><strong>Enter</strong></span> if no password is required for the user.
@@ -5385,7 +5385,7 @@ $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=example,dc=com";</pre><div class="para">
If you see the <code class="prompt">smb:\></code> prompt, you have successfully logged in. Once you are logged in, type <strong class="userinput"><code>help</code></strong> for a list of commands. If you want to browse the contents of your home directory, replace <em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em> with your user name. If the <code class="command">-U</code> switch is not used, the user name of the current user is passed to the Samba server.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
To exit <code class="command">smbclient</code>, type <strong class="userinput"><code>exit</code></strong> at the <code class="prompt">smb:\></code> prompt.
- </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.4. Mounting the Share</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263423844912" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.4. Mounting the Share</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225440903632" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Sometimes it is useful to mount a Samba share to a directory so that the files in the directory can be treated as if they are part of the local file system.
</div><div class="para">
To mount a Samba share to a directory, create a directory to mount it to (if it does not already exist), and execute the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -5403,11 +5403,11 @@ $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=example,dc=com";</pre><div class="para">
Some CIFS servers require plain text passwords for authentication. Support for plain text password authentication can be enabled using the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">echo 0x37 > /proc/fs/cifs/SecurityFlags</code></pre><div class="para">
WARNING: This operation can expose passwords by removing password encryption.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.5. Configuring a Samba Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263496203824" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263475926224" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.5. Configuring a Samba Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225441280832" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225441281648" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The default configuration file (<code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code>) allows users to view their home directories as a Samba share. It also shares all printers configured for the system as Samba shared printers. You can attach a printer to the system and print to it from the Windows machines on your network.
- </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-GUI_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.5.1. Graphical Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263475928416" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-GUI_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.5.1. Graphical Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225441194432" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To configure Samba using a graphical interface, use one of the available Samba graphical user interfaces. A list of available GUIs can be found at <a href="http://www.samba.org/samba/GUI/">http://www.samba.org/samba/GUI/</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Command-Line-Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.5.2. Command-Line Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263475931952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Command-Line-Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.5.2. Command-Line Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225419978944" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba uses <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> as its configuration file. If you change this configuration file, the changes do not take effect until you restart the Samba daemon with the following command, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl restart smb.service</code></pre><div class="para">
To specify the Windows workgroup and a brief description of the Samba server, edit the following lines in your <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file:
@@ -5427,7 +5427,7 @@ create mask = 0765</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para
The above example allows the users <code class="command">tfox</code> and <code class="command">carole</code> to read and write to the directory <code class="filename">/home/share/</code>, on the Samba server, from a Samba client.
</div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.5.3. Encrypted Passwords</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
Encrypted passwords are enabled by default because it is more secure to use them. To create a user with an encrypted password, use the <code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code> utility:
- </div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbpasswd -a <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></pre><a id="idm263460158736" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263460159216" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263460162128" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263460162288" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263460164000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263460165488" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263435382368" class="indexterm"></a></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.6. Starting and Stopping Samba</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263435386592" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263435389072" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263435390032" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263435392544" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263457893632" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbpasswd -a <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></pre><a id="idm225472559520" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225458120416" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225458121440" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225458124816" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225458124336" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225450205888" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225450207920" class="indexterm"></a></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.6. Starting and Stopping Samba</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225418971152" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225414350112" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225400106224" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225400106704" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225400108464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start a Samba server, type the following command in a shell prompt, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl start smb.service</code></pre><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Setting up a domain member server</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To set up a domain member server, you must first join the domain or Active Directory using the <code class="command">net join</code> command <span class="emphasis"><em>before</em></span> starting the <code class="systemitem">smb</code> service. Also, it is recommended to run <code class="systemitem">winbind</code> before <code class="systemitem">smbd</code>.
@@ -5449,13 +5449,13 @@ create mask = 0765</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para
By default, the <code class="systemitem">smb</code> service does <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> start automatically at boot time. To configure Samba to start at boot time, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl enable smb.service</code></pre><div class="para">
See <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information regarding this tool.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.7. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263439662336" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263439664112" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.7. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225418967456" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225418968896" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba configuration is straightforward. All modifications to Samba are done in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> configuration file. Although the default <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file is well documented, it does not address complex topics such as LDAP, Active Directory, and the numerous domain controller implementations.
</div><div class="para">
The following sections describe the different ways a Samba server can be configured. Keep in mind your needs and the changes required to the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file for a successful configuration.
- </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Standalone_Server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.7.1. Stand-alone Server</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263490168080" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Standalone_Server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.7.1. Stand-alone Server</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225497951584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A stand-alone server can be a workgroup server or a member of a workgroup environment. A stand-alone server is not a domain controller and does not participate in a domain in any way. The following examples include several user-level security configurations. For more information on security modes, see <a class="xref" href="#sect-Samba-Security_Modes">Section 13.1.8, “Samba Security Modes”</a>.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Standalone_Anonymous_Read-Only_Server">Anonymous Read-Only</h4><a id="idm263490171248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Standalone_Anonymous_Read-Only_Server">Anonymous Read-Only</h4><a id="idm225497954736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement anonymous read-only file sharing. Two directives are used to configure anonymous access – <em class="parameter"><code>map to guest = Bad user</code></em> and <em class="parameter"><code>guest account = nobody</code></em>.
</div><div class="example" id="exam-Samba-Standalone_Anonymous_Read-Only_Server"><h6>Example 13.2. An Example Configuration of a Anonymous Read-Only Samba Server</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">[global]
workgroup = DOCS
@@ -5468,7 +5468,7 @@ map to guest = Bad user
comment = Documentation Samba Server
path = /export
read only = yes
-guest ok = yes</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><h4 id="brid-Samba-Standalone_Anonymous_Read-Write-Server">Anonymous Read/Write</h4><a id="idm263492908416" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+guest ok = yes</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><h4 id="brid-Samba-Standalone_Anonymous_Read-Write-Server">Anonymous Read/Write</h4><a id="idm225471751280" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement anonymous read/write file sharing. To enable anonymous read/write file sharing, set the <em class="parameter"><code>read only</code></em> directive to <code class="literal">no</code>. The <em class="parameter"><code>force user</code></em> and <em class="parameter"><code>force group</code></em> directives are also added to enforce the ownership of any newly placed files specified in the share.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use anonymous read/write servers</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although having an anonymous read/write server is possible, it is not recommended. Any files placed in the share space, regardless of user, are assigned the user/group combination as specified by a generic user (<em class="parameter"><code>force user</code></em>) and group (<em class="parameter"><code>force group</code></em>) in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file.
@@ -5485,7 +5485,7 @@ path = /export
guest ok = yes
writeable = yes
force user = user
-force group = group</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><h4 id="brid-Samba-Standalone_Anonymous_Print-Server">Anonymous Print Server</h4><a id="idm263444930144" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+force group = group</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><h4 id="brid-Samba-Standalone_Anonymous_Print-Server">Anonymous Print Server</h4><a id="idm225452735600" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement an anonymous print server. Setting <em class="parameter"><code>browseable</code></em> to <code class="literal">no</code> as shown does not list the printer in Windows <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Neighborhood</strong></span>. Although hidden from browsing, configuring the printer explicitly is possible. By connecting to <code class="literal">DOCS_SRV</code> using NetBIOS, the client can have access to the printer if the client is also part of the <code class="literal">DOCS</code> workgroup. It is also assumed that the client has the correct local printer driver installed, as the <em class="parameter"><code>use client driver</code></em> directive is set to <code class="literal">yes</code>. In this case, the Samba server has no responsibility for sharing printer drivers to the client.
</div><div class="example" id="exam-Samba-Standalone_Anonymous_Print-Server"><h6>Example 13.4. An Example Configuration of a Anonymous Print Samba Server</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
[global]
@@ -5501,7 +5501,7 @@ path = /var/spool/samba
guest ok = yes
printable = yes
use client driver = yes
-browseable = yes</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><h4 id="brid-Samba-Standalone_Secure_Read_Write_File_and_Print_Server">Secure Read/Write File and Print Server</h4><a id="idm263444939584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+browseable = yes</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><h4 id="brid-Samba-Standalone_Secure_Read_Write_File_and_Print_Server">Secure Read/Write File and Print Server</h4><a id="idm225455458240" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement a secure read/write file and print server. Setting the <em class="parameter"><code>security</code></em> directive to <code class="literal">user</code> forces Samba to authenticate client connections. Notice the <code class="literal">[homes]</code> share does not have a <em class="parameter"><code>force user</code></em> or <em class="parameter"><code>force group</code></em> directive as the <code class="literal">[public]</code> share does. The <code class="literal">[homes]</code> share uses the authenticated user details for any files created as opposed to the <em class="parameter"><code>force user</code></em> and <em class="parameter"><code>force group</code></em> in <code class="literal">[public]</code>.
</div><div class="example" id="exam-Samba-Standalone_Secure_Read_Write_File_and_Print_Server"><h6>Example 13.5. An Example Configuration of a Secure Read/Write File and Print Samba Server</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
[global]
@@ -5534,9 +5534,9 @@ create mask = 0600
guest ok = yes
printable = yes
use client driver = yes
-browseable = yes</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Domain_Member_Server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.7.2. Domain Member Server</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263476845504" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+browseable = yes</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Domain_Member_Server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.7.2. Domain Member Server</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225447557936" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A domain member, while similar to a stand-alone server, is logged into a domain controller (either Windows or Samba) and is subject to the domain's security rules. An example of a domain member server would be a departmental server running Samba that has a machine account on the Primary Domain Controller (PDC). All of the department's clients still authenticate with the PDC, and desktop profiles and all network policy files are included. The difference is that the departmental server has the ability to control printer and network shares.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Domain_Member_Server-Active_Directory_Domain_Member_Sever">Active Directory Domain Member Server</h4><a id="idm263521533600" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Domain_Member_Server-Active_Directory_Domain_Member_Sever">Active Directory Domain Member Server</h4><a id="idm225414430384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To implement an Active Directory domain member server, follow procedure below:
</div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Samba-Adding_an_AD_Member"><h6>Procedure 13.3. Adding a Member Server to an Active Directory Domain</h6><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Create the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> configuration file on a member server to be added to the Active Directory domain. Add the following lines to the configuration file:
@@ -5584,7 +5584,7 @@ password server = kerberos.example.com</pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">net</code> command authenticates as <code class="systemitem">Administrator</code> using the NT LAN Manager (NTLM) protocol and creates the machine account. Then <code class="command">net</code> uses the machine account credentials to authenticate with Kerberos.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>The security option</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Since <em class="parameter"><code>security = ads</code></em> and not <em class="parameter"><code>security = user</code></em> is used, a local password back end such as <code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code> is not needed. Older clients that do not support <em class="parameter"><code>security = ads</code></em> are authenticated as if <em class="parameter"><code>security = domain</code></em> had been set. This change does not affect functionality and allows local users not previously in the domain.
- </div></div></div></li></ol></div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Domain_Member_Server-Windows_NT4-based_Domain_Memeber_Server">Windows NT4-based Domain Member Server</h4><a id="idm263392989392" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></li></ol></div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Domain_Member_Server-Windows_NT4-based_Domain_Memeber_Server">Windows NT4-based Domain Member Server</h4><a id="idm225469452096" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement a Windows NT4-based domain member server. Becoming a member server of an NT4-based domain is similar to connecting to an Active Directory. The main difference is NT4-based domains do not use Kerberos in their authentication method, making the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file simpler. In this instance, the Samba member server functions as a pass through to the NT4-based domain server.
</div><div class="example" id="exam-Samba-Domain_Member_Server-Windows_NT4-based_Domain_Memeber_Server"><h6>Example 13.6. An Example Configuration of Samba Windows NT4-based Domain Member Server</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
[global]
@@ -5609,13 +5609,13 @@ guest ok = yes</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para">
After configuring the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, join the domain <span class="emphasis"><em>before</em></span> starting Samba by typing the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">net rpc join -U administrator%password</code></pre></div></div><div class="para">
Note that the <code class="option">-S</code> option, which specifies the domain server host name, does not need to be stated in the <code class="command">net rpc join</code> command. Samba uses the host name specified by the <em class="parameter"><code>workgroup</code></em> directive in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file instead of it being stated explicitly.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Domain_Controller"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.7.3. Domain Controller</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263489937248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Domain_Controller"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.7.3. Domain Controller</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225429983712" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A domain controller in Windows NT is functionally similar to a Network Information Service (NIS) server in a Linux environment. Domain controllers and NIS servers both host user and group information databases as well as related services. Domain controllers are mainly used for security, including the authentication of users accessing domain resources. The service that maintains the user and group database integrity is called the <em class="firstterm">Security Account Manager</em> (SAM). The SAM database is stored differently between Windows and Linux Samba-based systems, therefore SAM replication cannot be achieved and platforms cannot be mixed in a PDC/BDC environment.
</div><div class="para">
In a Samba environment, there can be only one PDC and zero or more BDCs.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>A mixed Samba/Windows domain controller environment</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Samba cannot exist in a mixed Samba/Windows domain controller environment (Samba cannot be a BDC of a Windows PDC or vice versa). Alternatively, Samba PDCs and BDCs <span class="emphasis"><em>can</em></span> coexist.
- </div></div></div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Domain_Controller-PDC_Using_tdbsam">Primary Domain Controller (PDC) Using <code class="systemitem">tdbsam</code></h4><a id="idm263450069632" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Domain_Controller-PDC_Using_tdbsam">Primary Domain Controller (PDC) Using <code class="systemitem">tdbsam</code></h4><a id="idm225469449712" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The simplest and most common implementation of a Samba PDC uses the new default <code class="systemitem">tdbsam</code> password database back end. Replacing the aging <code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code> back end, <code class="systemitem">tdbsam</code> has numerous improvements that are explained in more detail in <a class="xref" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Section 13.1.9, “Samba Account Information Databases”</a>. The <em class="parameter"><code>passdb backend</code></em> directive controls which back end is to be used for the PDC.
</div><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement a <code class="systemitem">tdbsam</code> password database back end.
@@ -5690,11 +5690,11 @@ New SMB password:</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Windows groups and users use the same namespace thus not allowing the existence of a group and a user with the same name like in UNIX.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Limitations of the tdbsam authentication back end</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If you need more than one domain controller or have more than 250 users, do <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> use the <code class="systemitem">tdbsam</code> authentication back end. LDAP is recommended in these cases.
- </div></div></div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Domain_Controller-Primary_Domain_Controller_with_Active_Directory">Primary Domain Controller (PDC) with Active Directory</h4><a id="idm263522770864" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Domain_Controller-Primary_Domain_Controller_with_Active_Directory">Primary Domain Controller (PDC) with Active Directory</h4><a id="idm225451622352" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although it is possible for Samba to be a member of an Active Directory, it is not possible for Samba to operate as an Active Directory domain controller.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Security_Modes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.8. Samba Security Modes</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263445633744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Security_Modes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.8. Samba Security Modes</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225475630480" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There are only two types of security modes for Samba, <em class="firstterm">share-level</em> and <em class="firstterm">user-level</em>, which are collectively known as <span class="emphasis"><em><em class="firstterm">security levels</em></em></span>. Share-level security is deprecated and has been removed from Samba. Configurations containing this mode need to be migrated to use user-level security. User-level security can be implemented in one of three different ways. The different ways of implementing a security level are called <em class="firstterm">security modes</em>.
- </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.8.1. User-Level Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263427570576" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.8.1. User-Level Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225459811600" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
User-level security is the default and recommended setting for Samba. Even if the <em class="parameter"><code>security = user</code></em> directive is not listed in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, it is used by Samba. If the server accepts the client's user name and password, the client can then mount multiple shares without specifying a password for each instance. Samba can also accept session-based user name and password requests. The client maintains multiple authentication contexts by using a unique UID for each logon.
</div><div class="para">
In the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, the <em class="parameter"><code>security = user</code></em> directive that sets user-level security is:
@@ -5702,7 +5702,7 @@ New SMB password:</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
[GLOBAL]
...
security = user
-...</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Security_Modes-Samba_Guest_Shares">Samba Guest Shares</h4><a id="idm263513748928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+...</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Security_Modes-Samba_Guest_Shares">Samba Guest Shares</h4><a id="idm225454380816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
As mentioned above, share-level security mode is deprecated. To configure a Samba guest share without using the <em class="parameter"><code>security = share</code></em> parameter, follow the procedure below:
</div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Samba_Security_Modes-Samba_Guest_Shares"><h6>Procedure 13.4. Configuring Samba Guest Shares</h6><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Create a username map file, in this example <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smbusers</code>, and add the following line to it:
@@ -5723,14 +5723,14 @@ username map = <em class="replaceable"><code>/etc/samba/smbusers</code></em>
guest ok = yes
...</pre></li></ol></div><div class="para">
The following sections describe other implementations of user-level security.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level-Domain_Security_Mode">Domain Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h4><a id="idm263474778752" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level-Domain_Security_Mode">Domain Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h4><a id="idm225445315200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In domain security mode, the Samba server has a machine account (domain security trust account) and causes all authentication requests to be passed through to the domain controllers. The Samba server is made into a domain member server by using the following directives in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file:
</div><pre class="screen">
[GLOBAL]
...
security = domain
workgroup = MARKETING
-...</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Security_Modes-Active_Directory_Security_Mode">Active Directory Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h4><a id="idm263481776576" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+...</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Security_Modes-Active_Directory_Security_Mode">Active Directory Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h4><a id="idm225449058256" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you have an Active Directory environment, it is possible to join the domain as a native Active Directory member. Even if a security policy restricts the use of NT-compatible authentication protocols, the Samba server can join an ADS using Kerberos. Samba in Active Directory member mode can accept Kerberos tickets.
</div><div class="para">
In the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, the following directives make Samba an Active Directory member server:
@@ -5740,11 +5740,11 @@ workgroup = MARKETING
security = ADS
realm = EXAMPLE.COM
password server = kerberos.example.com
-...</pre></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_Security_Modes-Share_Level"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.8.2. Share-Level Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263495769760" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+...</pre></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_Security_Modes-Share_Level"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.8.2. Share-Level Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225450513440" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
With share-level security, the server accepts only a password without an explicit user name from the client. The server expects a password for each share, independent of the user name. There have been recent reports that Microsoft Windows clients have compatibility issues with share-level security servers. This mode is deprecated and has been removed from Samba. Configurations containing <em class="parameter"><code>security = share</code></em> should be updated to use user-level security. Follow the steps in <a class="xref" href="#proc-Samba_Security_Modes-Samba_Guest_Shares">Procedure 13.4, “Configuring Samba Guest Shares”</a> to avoid using the <em class="parameter"><code>security = share</code></em> directive.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.9. Samba Account Information Databases</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263469142496" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.9. Samba Account Information Databases</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225470230688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a list different back ends you can use with Samba. Other back ends not listed here may also be available.
- </div><a id="idm263482630144" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263464081520" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263441951952" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489587920" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263444526640" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263452426128" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263444515360" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489049184" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263440834784" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Plain Text</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225464078448" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225363508256" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225443704240" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225451046864" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472173424" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225475663008" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225447479408" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225459384048" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225476116480" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Plain Text</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Plain text back ends are nothing more than the <code class="filename">/etc/passwd</code> type back ends. With a plain text back end, all user names and passwords are sent unencrypted between the client and the Samba server. This method is very insecure and is not recommended for use by any means. It is possible that different Windows clients connecting to the Samba server with plain text passwords cannot support such an authentication method.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code> back end utilizes a plain ASCII text layout that includes the MS Windows LanMan and NT account, and encrypted password information. The <code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code> back end lacks the storage of the Windows NT/2000/2003 SAM extended controls. The <code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code> back end is not recommended because it does not scale well or hold any Windows information, such as RIDs for NT-based groups. The <code class="systemitem">tdbsam</code> back end solves these issues for use in a smaller database (250 users), but is still not an enterprise-class solution.
@@ -5762,17 +5762,17 @@ password server = kerberos.example.com
As such, if you are using the <code class="systemitem">ldapsam</code> back end for your Samba server, you will need to configure <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> to include one of these schema file. See <a class="xref" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Section 12.1.3.3, “Extending Schema”</a> for directions on how to do this.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure the openldap-servers package is installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
You need to have the <span class="package">openldap-servers</span> package installed if you want to use the <code class="systemitem">ldapsam</code> back end. To ensure that the package is installed, execute the following command as <code class="systemitem">roots</code>:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install openldap-servers</code></pre></div></div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Network_Browsing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.10. Samba Network Browsing</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263472128080" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496205024" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install openldap-servers</code></pre></div></div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Network_Browsing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.10. Samba Network Browsing</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225466064000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225459759568" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Network browsing</em> enables Windows and Samba servers to appear in the Windows <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Neighborhood</strong></span>. Inside the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Neighborhood</strong></span>, icons are represented as servers and if opened, the server's shares and printers that are available are displayed.
</div><div class="para">
Network browsing capabilities require NetBIOS over <code class="systemitem">TCP</code>/<code class="systemitem">IP</code>. NetBIOS-based networking uses broadcast (<code class="systemitem">UDP</code>) messaging to accomplish browse list management. Without NetBIOS and WINS as the primary method for <code class="systemitem">TCP</code>/<code class="systemitem">IP</code> host name resolution, other methods such as static files (<code class="filename">/etc/hosts</code>) or <code class="systemitem">DNS</code>, must be used.
</div><div class="para">
A domain master browser collates the browse lists from local master browsers on all subnets so that browsing can occur between workgroups and subnets. Also, the domain master browser should preferably be the local master browser for its own subnet.
- </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Domain-Browsing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.10.1. Domain Browsing</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263457157088" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Domain-Browsing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.10.1. Domain Browsing</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225461478384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, a Windows server PDC for a domain is also the domain master browser for that domain. A Samba server must <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> be set up as a domain master server in this type of situation.
</div><div class="para">
For subnets that do not include the Windows server PDC, a Samba server can be implemented as a local master browser. Configuring the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file for a local master browser (or no browsing at all) in a domain controller environment is the same as workgroup configuration (see <a class="xref" href="#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">Section 13.1.5, “Configuring a Samba Server”</a>).
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-WINS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.10.2. WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263456638976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263483748912" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-WINS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.10.2. WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225420488944" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225459503888" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Either a Samba server or a Windows NT server can function as a WINS server. When a WINS server is used with NetBIOS enabled, UDP unicasts can be routed which allows name resolution across networks. Without a WINS server, the UDP broadcast is limited to the local subnet and therefore cannot be routed to other subnets, workgroups, or domains. If WINS replication is necessary, do not use Samba as your primary WINS server, as Samba does not currently support WINS replication.
</div><div class="para">
In a mixed NT/2000/2003/2008 server and Samba environment, it is recommended that you use the Microsoft WINS capabilities. In a Samba-only environment, it is recommended that you use <span class="emphasis"><em>only one</em></span> Samba server for WINS.
@@ -5782,9 +5782,9 @@ password server = kerberos.example.com
[global]
wins support = yes</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using WINS</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
All servers (including Samba) should connect to a WINS server to resolve NetBIOS names. Without WINS, browsing only occurs on the local subnet. Furthermore, even if a domain-wide list is somehow obtained, hosts cannot be resolved for the client without WINS.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.11. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263452451728" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.11. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225472862592" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba allows client machines to share printers connected to the Samba server. In addition, Samba also allows client machines to send documents built in Linux to Windows printer shares. Although there are other printing systems that function with Fedora, CUPS (Common UNIX Print System) is the recommended printing system due to its close integration with Samba.
- </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-CUPS-smb.conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.11.1. Simple <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> Settings</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263494507696" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-CUPS-smb.conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.11.1. Simple <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> Settings</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225422317024" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following example shows a very basic <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> configuration for CUPS support:
</div><div class="example" id="exam-Samba-CUPS-smb.conf"><h6>Example 13.9. An Example Configuration of Samba with CUPS Support</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
[global]
@@ -5809,7 +5809,7 @@ printer admin = ed, john</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class
The <em class="parameter"><code>print$</code></em> directive contains printer drivers for clients to access if not available locally. The <em class="parameter"><code>print$</code></em> directive is optional and may not be required depending on the organization.
</div><div class="para">
Setting <em class="parameter"><code>browseable</code></em> to <code class="literal">yes</code> enables the printer to be viewed in the Windows Network Neighborhood, provided the Samba server is set up correctly in the domain or workgroup.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.12. Samba Distribution Programs</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263476144320" class="indexterm"></a><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-net"><code class="systemitem">net</code></h4><a id="idm263494052480" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263439613824" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">net <em class="replaceable"><code><protocol> <function> <misc_options> <target_options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.12. Samba Distribution Programs</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225472238928" class="indexterm"></a><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-net"><code class="systemitem">net</code></h4><a id="idm225430696752" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225469279120" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">net <em class="replaceable"><code><protocol> <function> <misc_options> <target_options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">net</code> utility is similar to the <code class="systemitem">net</code> utility used for Windows and MS-DOS. The first argument is used to specify the protocol to use when executing a command. The <code class="option"><em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em></code> option can be <code class="option">ads</code>, <code class="option">rap</code>, or <code class="option">rpc</code> for specifying the type of server connection. Active Directory uses <code class="option">ads</code>, Win9x/NT3 uses <code class="option">rap</code>, and Windows NT4/2000/2003/2008 uses <code class="option">rpc</code>. If the protocol is omitted, <code class="systemitem">net</code> automatically tries to determine it.
</div><div class="para">
The following example displays a list of the available shares for a host named <code class="systemitem hostname">wakko</code>:
@@ -5831,14 +5831,14 @@ User name Comment
-----------------------------
andriusb Documentation
joe Marketing
-lisa Sales</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-nmblookup"><code class="systemitem">nmblookup</code></h4><a id="idm263481891024" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263494723248" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">nmblookup <em class="replaceable"><code><options> <netbios_name></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+lisa Sales</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-nmblookup"><code class="systemitem">nmblookup</code></h4><a id="idm225444662720" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225442033808" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">nmblookup <em class="replaceable"><code><options> <netbios_name></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">nmblookup</code> program resolves NetBIOS names into <code class="systemitem">IP</code> addresses. The program broadcasts its query on the local subnet until the target machine replies.
</div><div class="para">
The following example displays the <code class="systemitem">IP</code> address of the NetBIOS name <code class="literal">trek</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">
~]$ <code class="command">nmblookup trek</code>
querying trek on 10.1.59.255
-10.1.56.45 trek<00></pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-pdbedit"><code class="systemitem">pdbedit</code></h4><a id="idm263490157936" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478312384" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">pdbedit <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+10.1.56.45 trek<00></pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-pdbedit"><code class="systemitem">pdbedit</code></h4><a id="idm225428634512" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472701888" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">pdbedit <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">pdbedit</code> program manages accounts located in the SAM database. All back ends are supported including <code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code>, LDAP, and the <span class="database">tdb</span> database library.
</div><div class="para">
The following are examples of adding, deleting, and listing users:
@@ -5893,23 +5893,23 @@ lisa:504:
kristin:506:
~]$ <code class="command">pdbedit -x joe</code>
~]$ <code class="command">pdbedit -L</code>
-andriusb:505: lisa:504: kristin:506:</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-rpcclient"><code class="systemitem">rpcclient</code></h4><a id="idm263435347712" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263483918208" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpcclient <em class="replaceable"><code><server> <options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+andriusb:505: lisa:504: kristin:506:</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-rpcclient"><code class="systemitem">rpcclient</code></h4><a id="idm225453505600" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225456120144" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpcclient <em class="replaceable"><code><server> <options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">rpcclient</code> program issues administrative commands using Microsoft RPCs, which provide access to the Windows administration graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for systems management. This is most often used by advanced users that understand the full complexity of Microsoft RPCs.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbcacls"><code class="systemitem">smbcacls</code></h4><a id="idm263473841136" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477491072" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbcacls <em class="replaceable"><code><//server/share> <filename> <options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbcacls"><code class="systemitem">smbcacls</code></h4><a id="idm225393261456" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225406636880" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbcacls <em class="replaceable"><code><//server/share> <filename> <options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbcacls</code> program modifies Windows ACLs on files and directories shared by a Samba server or a Windows server.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbclient"><code class="systemitem">smbclient</code></h4><a id="idm263449818912" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487920272" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbclient <em class="replaceable"><code><//server/share> <password> <options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbclient"><code class="systemitem">smbclient</code></h4><a id="idm225491815392" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225475552880" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbclient <em class="replaceable"><code><//server/share> <password> <options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbclient</code> program is a versatile UNIX client which provides functionality similar to the <code class="systemitem">ftp</code> utility.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbcontrol"><code class="systemitem">smbcontrol</code></h4><a id="idm263486387872" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477407488" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbcontrol -i <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbcontrol <em class="replaceable"><code><options> <destination> <messagetype> <parameters></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbcontrol"><code class="systemitem">smbcontrol</code></h4><a id="idm225437623408" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225455997712" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbcontrol -i <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbcontrol <em class="replaceable"><code><options> <destination> <messagetype> <parameters></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbcontrol</code> program sends control messages to running <code class="systemitem">smbd</code>, <code class="systemitem">nmbd</code>, or <code class="systemitem">winbindd</code> daemons. Executing <code class="command">smbcontrol -i</code> runs commands interactively until a blank line or a <em class="parameter"><code>'q'</code></em> is entered.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbpasswd"><code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code></h4><a id="idm263470709040" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263434571840" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbpasswd <em class="replaceable"><code><options> <username> <password></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbpasswd"><code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code></h4><a id="idm225448960976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470948944" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbpasswd <em class="replaceable"><code><options> <username> <password></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code> program manages encrypted passwords. This program can be run by a superuser to change any user's password and also by an ordinary user to change their own Samba password.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbspool"><code class="systemitem">smbspool</code></h4><a id="idm263480369360" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263495944400" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbspool <em class="replaceable"><code><job> <user> <title> <copies> <options> <filename></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbspool"><code class="systemitem">smbspool</code></h4><a id="idm225405000672" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225364205792" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbspool <em class="replaceable"><code><job> <user> <title> <copies> <options> <filename></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbspool</code> program is a CUPS-compatible printing interface to Samba. Although designed for use with CUPS printers, <code class="command">smbspool</code> can work with non-CUPS printers as well.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbstatus"><code class="systemitem">smbstatus</code></h4><a id="idm263485871696" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263433050432" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbstatus <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbstatus"><code class="systemitem">smbstatus</code></h4><a id="idm225460033392" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225446744896" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbstatus <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbstatus</code> program displays the status of current connections to a Samba server.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbtar"><code class="systemitem">smbtar</code></h4><a id="idm263440029376" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263523193488" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbtar <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbtar"><code class="systemitem">smbtar</code></h4><a id="idm225432129312" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225500755488" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbtar <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbtar</code> program performs backup and restores of Windows-based share files and directories to a local tape archive. Though similar to the <code class="systemitem">tar</code> utility, the two are not compatible.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-testparm"><code class="systemitem">testparm</code></h4><a id="idm263490378352" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263438820400" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">testparm <em class="replaceable"><code><options> <filename> <hostname IP_address></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-testparm"><code class="systemitem">testparm</code></h4><a id="idm225469335312" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225455832928" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">testparm <em class="replaceable"><code><options> <filename> <hostname IP_address></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">testparm</code> program checks the syntax of the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file. If your <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file is in the default location (<code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code>) you do not need to specify the location. Specifying the host name and <code class="systemitem">IP</code> address to the <code class="systemitem">testparm</code> program verifies that the <code class="filename">hosts.allow</code> and <code class="filename">host.deny</code> files are configured correctly. The <code class="systemitem">testparm</code> program also displays a summary of your <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file and the server's role (stand-alone, domain, etc.) after testing. This is convenient when debugging as it excludes comments and concisely presents information for experienced administrators to read. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">
~]$ <code class="command">testparm</code>
@@ -5950,11 +5950,11 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
force user = andriusb
force group = users
read only = no
- guest only = yes</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-wbinfo"><code class="systemitem">wbinfo</code></h4><a id="idm263479767184" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263481255632" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">wbinfo <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ guest only = yes</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-wbinfo"><code class="systemitem">wbinfo</code></h4><a id="idm225469880592" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470101776" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">wbinfo <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">wbinfo</code> program displays information from the <code class="systemitem">winbindd</code> daemon. The <code class="systemitem">winbindd</code> daemon must be running for <code class="systemitem">wbinfo</code> to work.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.13. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263449570304" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.13. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225403760464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following sections give you the means to explore Samba in greater detail.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Resources-Installed_Documentation">Installed Documentation</h4><a id="idm263433030672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Resources-Installed_Documentation">Installed Documentation</h4><a id="idm225454010432" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/samba-<<em class="replaceable"><code>version-number</code></em>>/</code> — All additional files included with the Samba distribution. This includes all helper scripts, sample configuration files, and documentation.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
See the following man pages for detailed information specific <span class="application"><strong>Samba</strong></span> features:
@@ -5968,7 +5968,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nmbd</span>(8)</span>
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">winbindd</span>(8)</span>
- </div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Resources-Useful_Websites">Useful Websites</h4><a id="idm263457887712" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Resources-Useful_Websites">Useful Websites</h4><a id="idm225469996064" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.samba.org/">http://www.samba.org/</a> — Homepage for the Samba distribution and all official documentation created by the Samba development team. Many resources are available in HTML and PDF formats, while others are only available for purchase. Although many of these links are not Fedora specific, some concepts may apply.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/User_Documentation">https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/User_Documentation</a> — Samba 4.x official documentation.
@@ -5976,13 +5976,13 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<a href="http://us1.samba.org/samba/archives.html">http://samba.org/samba/archives.html </a> — Active email lists for the Samba community. Enabling digest mode is recommended due to high levels of list activity.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Samba newsgroups — Samba threaded newsgroups, such as <a href="http://www.gmane.org/">www.gmane.org</a>, that use the <code class="systemitem">NNTP</code> protocol are also available. This an alternative to receiving mailing list emails.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-FTP" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">13.2. FTP</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263494717152" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263434395552" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-FTP" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">13.2. FTP</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225447472560" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225448844992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">File Transfer Protocol</em> (<code class="systemitem">FTP</code>) is one of the oldest and most commonly used protocols found on the Internet today. Its purpose is to reliably transfer files between computer hosts on a network without requiring the user to log directly into the remote host or have knowledge of how to use the remote system. It allows users to access files on remote systems using a standard set of simple commands.
</div><div class="para">
This section outlines the basics of the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> protocol, as well as configuration options for the primary <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> server shipped with Fedora, <code class="command">vsftpd</code>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263496377392" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225346160432" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
However, because <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> is so prevalent on the Internet, it is often required to share files to the public. System administrators, therefore, should be aware of the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> protocol's unique characteristics.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-protocol-multiport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.1.1. Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263478514160" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263495405920" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263469138736" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263494724704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-protocol-multiport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.1.1. Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225427836640" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225430992016" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225457077104" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225443600000" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Unlike most protocols used on the Internet, <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> requires multiple network ports to work properly. When an <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> client application initiates a connection to an <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> server, it opens port <code class="constant">21</code> on the server — known as the <em class="firstterm">command port</em>. This port is used to issue all commands to the server. Any data requested from the server is returned to the client via a <em class="firstterm">data port</em>. The port number for data connections, and the way in which data connections are initialized, vary depending upon whether the client requests the data in <em class="firstterm">active</em> or <em class="firstterm">passive</em> mode.
</div><div class="para">
The following defines these modes:
@@ -5992,7 +5992,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
Passive mode, like active mode, is initiated by the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> client application. When requesting data from the server, the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> client indicates it wants to access the data in passive mode and the server provides the <code class="systemitem">IP</code> address and a random, unprivileged port (greater than <code class="constant">1024</code>) on the server. The client then connects to that port on the server to download the requested information.
</div><div class="para">
While passive mode resolves issues for client-side firewall interference with data connections, it can complicate administration of the server-side firewall. You can reduce the number of open ports on a server by limiting the range of unprivileged ports on the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> server. This also simplifies the process of configuring firewall rules for the server. See <a class="xref" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net">Section 13.2.5.8, “Network Options”</a> for more information about limiting passive ports.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.2. FTP Servers</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263481165792" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263434597296" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479311040" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263513756880" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.2. FTP Servers</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225472442032" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225453171360" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225431853008" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472861488" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora ships with two different <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> servers:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">proftpd</code> - A fast, stable, and highly configurable FTP server.
@@ -6018,7 +6018,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<span class="emphasis"><em>All requests from unprivileged child processes are distrusted by the parent process</em></span> — Communication with child processes are received over a socket, and the validity of any information from child processes is checked before being acted on.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Most interaction with <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> clients is handled by unprivileged child processes in a <code class="command">chroot</code> jail</em></span> — Because these child processes are unprivileged and only have access to the directory being shared, any crashed processes only allows the attacker access to the shared files.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263396033776" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225461687936" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">vsftpd</code> RPM installs the daemon (<code class="filename">/usr/sbin/vsftpd</code>), its configuration and related files, as well as <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> directories onto the system. The following lists the files and directories related to <code class="command">vsftpd</code> configuration:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/vsftpd</code> — The <span class="emphasis"><em>initialization script</em></span> (<em class="firstterm">initscript</em>) used by the <code class="command">systemctl</code> command to start, stop, or reload <code class="command">vsftpd</code>. See <a class="xref" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Section 13.2.4, “Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> ”</a> for more information about using this script.
@@ -6032,7 +6032,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/user_list</code> — This file can be configured to either deny or allow access to the users listed, depending on whether the <code class="command">userlist_deny</code> directive is set to <code class="command">YES</code> (default) or <code class="command">NO</code> in <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code>. If <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/user_list</code> is used to grant access to users, the usernames listed must <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> appear in <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/var/ftp/</code> — The directory containing files served by <code class="command">vsftpd</code>. It also contains the <code class="filename">/var/ftp/pub/</code> directory for anonymous users. Both directories are world-readable, but writable only by the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263469137136" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263475483744" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474226336" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263452714496" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263491824336" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225462362832" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225491225408" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225463423968" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225427837616" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225447939264" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">vsftpd</code> RPM installs the <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/vsftpd</code> script, which can be accessed using the <code class="command">systemctl</code> command.
</div><div class="para">
To start the server, as <code class="systemitem">root</code> type:
@@ -6048,7 +6048,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
To conditionally restart the server, as <code class="systemitem">root</code> type:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl condrestart vsftpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
By default, the <code class="command">vsftpd</code> service does <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> start automatically at boot time. To configure the <code class="command">vsftpd</code> service to start at boot time, use a service manager such as <code class="command">systemctl</code>. See <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.4.1. Starting Multiple Copies of <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263433106800" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478507376" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.4.1. Starting Multiple Copies of <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225451621920" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225456763616" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Sometimes one computer is used to serve multiple <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> domains. This is a technique called <em class="firstterm">multihoming</em>. One way to multihome using <code class="command">vsftpd</code> is by running multiple copies of the daemon, each with its own configuration file.
</div><div class="para">
To do this, first assign all relevant <code class="systemitem">IP</code> addresses to network devices or alias network devices on the system. For more information about configuring network devices, device aliases, and additional information about network configuration scripts, refer to the <a href="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/networking"><em class="citetitle">Fedora Networking Guide</em></a>.
@@ -6056,7 +6056,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
Next, the DNS server for the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> domains must be configured to reference the correct machine. For information about BIND and its configuration files, refer to the <a href="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/networking"><em class="citetitle">Fedora Networking Guide</em></a>.
</div><div class="para">
If there is more configuration files present in the <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd</code> directory, calling <code class="command">systemctl start vsftpd.service</code> results in the <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/vsftpd</code> initscript starting the same number of processes as the number of configuration files. Each configuration file must have a unique name in the <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/</code> directory and must be readable and writable only by <code class="systemitem">root</code>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263464823520" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477462592" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225455033808" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225444380912" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although <code class="command">vsftpd</code> may not offer the level of customization other widely available <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> servers have, it offers enough options to fill most administrator's needs. The fact that it is not overly feature-laden limits configuration and programmatic errors.
</div><div class="para">
All configuration of <code class="command">vsftpd</code> is handled by its configuration file, <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code>. Each directive is on its own line within the file and follows the following format:
@@ -6072,7 +6072,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
For an overview of ways to secure <code class="command">vsftpd</code>, see the <a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/ht…">Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Security Guide</a>.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
The following is a list of some of the more important directives within <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code>. All directives not explicitly found or commented out within <code class="command">vsftpd</code>'s configuration file are set to their default value.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.1. Daemon Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263486247888" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.1. Daemon Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225470066624" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a list of directives which control the overall behavior of the <code class="command">vsftpd</code> daemon.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">listen</code> — When enabled, <code class="command">vsftpd</code> runs in stand-alone mode. Fedora sets this value to <code class="command">YES</code>. This directive cannot be used in conjunction with the <code class="command">listen_ipv6</code> directive.
@@ -6086,7 +6086,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="command">session_support</code> — When enabled, <code class="command">vsftpd</code> attempts to maintain login sessions for each user through Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM). For more information, refer to the <em class="citetitle">Using Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)</em> chapter of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 <em class="citetitle">Managing Single Sign-On and Smart Cards</em> and the PAM man pages. . If session logging is not necessary, disabling this option allows <code class="command">vsftpd</code> to run with less processes and lower privileges.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">YES</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.2. Log In Options and Access Controls</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263429553360" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263449812432" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.2. Log In Options and Access Controls</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225462621168" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225423546576" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a list of directives which control the login behavior and access control mechanisms.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">anonymous_enable</code> — When enabled, anonymous users are allowed to log in. The usernames <code class="computeroutput">anonymous</code> and <code class="computeroutput">ftp</code> are accepted.
@@ -6138,7 +6138,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="command">userlist_file</code> — Specifies the file referenced by <code class="command">vsftpd</code> when the <code class="command">userlist_enable</code> directive is enabled.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">/etc/vsftpd/user_list</code> and is created during installation.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.3. Anonymous User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263477411024" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.3. Anonymous User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225366383584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which control anonymous user access to the server. To use these options, the <code class="command">anonymous_enable</code> directive must be set to <code class="command">YES</code>.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">anon_mkdir_write_enable</code> — When enabled in conjunction with the <code class="command">write_enable</code> directive, anonymous users are allowed to create new directories within a parent directory which has write permissions.
@@ -6170,7 +6170,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
Anonymous logins are prevented unless the password provided is listed in <code class="command">/etc/vsftpd/email_passwords</code>. The file format is one password per line, with no trailing white spaces.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">NO</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.4. Local User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263458476208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.4. Local User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225469898864" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which characterize the way local users access the server. To use these options, the <code class="command">local_enable</code> directive must be set to <code class="command">YES</code>.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">chmod_enable</code> — When enabled, the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> command <code class="command">SITE CHMOD</code> is allowed for local users. This command allows the users to change the permissions on files.
@@ -6216,7 +6216,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="command">user_config_dir</code> — Specifies the path to a directory containing configuration files bearing the name of local system users that contain specific setting for that user. Any directive in the user's configuration file overrides those found in <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code>.
</div><div class="para">
There is no default value for this directive.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.5. Directory Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263468469216" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.5. Directory Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225422201568" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which affect directories.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">dirlist_enable</code> — When enabled, users are allowed to view directory lists.
@@ -6246,7 +6246,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="command">use_localtime</code> — When enabled, directory listings reveal the local time for the computer instead of GMT.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">NO</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.6. File Transfer Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263512870976" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.6. File Transfer Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225436397920" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which affect directories.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">download_enable</code> — When enabled, file downloads are permitted.
@@ -6264,7 +6264,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="command">write_enable</code> — When enabled, <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> commands which can change the file system are allowed, such as <code class="command">DELE</code>, <code class="command">RNFR</code>, and <code class="command">STOR</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">YES</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.7. Logging Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263457031424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.7. Logging Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225442222528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which affect <code class="command">vsftpd</code>'s logging behavior.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">dual_log_enable</code> — When enabled in conjunction with <code class="command">xferlog_enable</code>, <code class="command">vsftpd</code> writes two files simultaneously: a <code class="command">wu-ftpd</code>-compatible log to the file specified in the <code class="command">xferlog_file</code> directive (<code class="filename">/var/log/xferlog</code> by default) and a standard <code class="command">vsftpd</code> log file specified in the <code class="command">vsftpd_log_file</code> directive (<code class="filename">/var/log/vsftpd.log</code> by default).
@@ -6300,7 +6300,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
To both log connections in <code class="command">vsftpd</code> format and maintain a <code class="command">wu-ftpd</code>-compatible file transfer log, set <code class="command">dual_log_enable</code> to <code class="command">YES</code>.
</div><div class="para">
If maintaining a <code class="command">wu-ftpd</code>-compatible file transfer log is not important, either set <code class="command">xferlog_std_format</code> to <code class="command">NO</code>, comment the line with a hash sign (<code class="command">#</code>), or delete the line entirely.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.8. Network Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263521438160" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.8. Network Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225471148672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which affect how <code class="command">vsftpd</code> interacts with the network.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">accept_timeout</code> — Specifies the amount of time for a client using passive mode to establish a connection.
@@ -6384,9 +6384,9 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="command">port_enable</code> — When enabled, active mode connects are allowed.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">YES</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.6. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263473985488" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.6. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225446675184" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For more information about <code class="command">vsftpd</code>, refer to the following resources.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.6.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263499650496" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.6.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225460113840" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/vsftpd/</code> directory — This directory contains a <code class="filename">README</code> with basic information about the software. The <code class="filename">TUNING</code> file contains basic performance tuning tips and the <code class="filename">SECURITY/</code> directory contains information about the security model employed by <code class="command">vsftpd</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">vsftpd</code> related man pages — There are a number of man pages for the daemon and configuration files. The following lists some of the more important man pages.
@@ -6396,17 +6396,17 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="command">man vsftpd.conf</code> — Contains a detailed list of options available within the configuration file for <code class="command">vsftpd</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">man 5 hosts_access </code> — Describes the format and options available within the TCP wrappers configuration files: <code class="filename">hosts.allow</code> and <code class="filename">hosts.deny</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.6.2. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263495045952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.6.2. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225429304288" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://vsftpd.beasts.org/">http://vsftpd.beasts.org/</a> — The <code class="command">vsftpd</code> project page is a great place to locate the latest documentation and to contact the author of the software.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://slacksite.com/other/ftp.html">http://slacksite.com/other/ftp.html</a> — This website provides a concise explanation of the differences between active and passive mode <code class="systemitem">FTP</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0959.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0959.txt</a> — The original <em class="firstterm">Request for Comments</em> (<em class="firstterm">RFC</em>) of the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> protocol from the IETF.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="sec-Printer_Configuration" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">13.3. Printer Configuration</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263438506688" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263456930576" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="sec-Printer_Configuration" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">13.3. Printer Configuration</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225431503776" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225425899456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Printers</strong></span> configuration tool serves for printer configuring, maintenance of printer configuration files, print spool directories and print filters, and printer classes management.
</div><div class="para">
The tool is based on the Common Unix Printing System (<acronym class="acronym">CUPS</acronym>). If you upgraded the system from a previous Fedora version that used CUPS, the upgrade process preserved the configured printers.
- </div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the CUPS web application or command-line tools</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="idm263488551744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the CUPS web application or command-line tools</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="idm225452070512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can perform the same and additional operations on printers directly from the CUPS web application or command line. To access the application, in a web browser, go to <a href="http://localhost:631/">http://localhost:631/</a>. For CUPS manuals refer to the links on the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Home</strong></span> tab of the web site.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Starting_Printer_Config"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.1. Starting the Printers Configuration Tool</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
With the <span class="application"><strong>Printers</strong></span> configuration tool you can perform various operations on existing printers and set up new printers. You can also use CUPS directly (go to <a href="http://localhost:631/">http://localhost:631/</a> to access the CUPS web application).
@@ -6416,7 +6416,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Printers</strong></span> window depicted in <a class="xref" href="#fig-printconf-main">Figure 13.2, “Printers Configuration window”</a> appears.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-printconf-main"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/printconf-main.png" alt="Printers Configuration window" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Printers Configuration window
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 13.2. Printers Configuration window</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_Printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263489854592" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 13.2. Printers Configuration window</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_Printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225429975792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Printer setup process varies depending on the printer queue type.
</div><div class="para">
If you are setting up a local printer connected with USB, the printer is discovered and added automatically. You will be prompted to confirm the packages to be installed and provide an administrator or the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user password. Local printers connected with other port types and network printers need to be set up manually.
@@ -6428,7 +6428,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
Select <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Unlock</strong></span> to enable changes to be made. In the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Authentication Required</strong></span> box, type an administrator or the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user password and confirm.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Select the plus sign to open the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Add a New Printer</strong></span> dialog. Select the printer from the list or enter its address below.
- </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Adding_Other_Printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263473838736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Adding_Other_Printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225463802992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Follow this procedure to add a local printer connected with other than a serial port:
</div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_Other_Printer"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Open the <code class="systemitem">Add a New Printer</code> dialog (refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Setting_Printer">Section 13.3.2, “Starting Printer Setup”</a>).
@@ -6470,7 +6470,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Forward</strong></span>.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Select the printer model. See <a class="xref" href="#s1-printing-select-model">Section 13.3.8, “Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing”</a> for details.
- </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-printing-ipp-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263396031552" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-printing-ipp-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225406647648" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
An <code class="systemitem">IPP</code> printer is a printer attached to a different system on the same TCP/IP network. The system this printer is attached to may either be running CUPS or simply configured to use <code class="systemitem">IPP</code>.
</div><div class="para">
If a firewall is enabled on the printer server, then the firewall must be configured to allow incoming <code class="systemitem">TCP</code> connections on port <code class="literal">631</code>. Note that the CUPS browsing protocol allows client machines to discover shared CUPS queues automatically. To enable this, the firewall on the client machine must be configured to allow incoming <code class="systemitem">UDP</code> packets on port <code class="literal">631</code>.
@@ -6494,7 +6494,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Forward</strong></span> to continue.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Select the printer model. See <a class="xref" href="#s1-printing-select-model">Section 13.3.8, “Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing”</a> for details.
- </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263462744992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_HTTPS_Printer"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225460810176" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_HTTPS_Printer"><div class="para">
Follow this procedure to add an LPD/LPR host or printer:
</div><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Open the <code class="systemitem">New Printer</code> dialog (refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Setting_Printer">Section 13.3.2, “Starting Printer Setup”</a>).
@@ -6514,7 +6514,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Forward</strong></span> to continue.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Select the printer model. See <a class="xref" href="#s1-printing-select-model">Section 13.3.8, “Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing”</a> for details.
- </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-printing-smb-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263474763232" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497062640" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_SMB_Printer"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-printing-smb-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225474292512" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225430388400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_SMB_Printer"><div class="para">
Follow this procedure to add a Samba printer:
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the samba-client package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Note that in order to add a Samba printer, you need to have the <span class="package">samba-client</span> package installed. You can do so by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -6611,19 +6611,19 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
To delete an existing printer, in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Printer</strong></span> configuration window, select the printer and go to <span class="guimenu"><strong>Printer</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Delete</strong></span>. Confirm the printer deletion. Alternatively, press the <span class="keycap"><strong>Delete</strong></span> key.
</div><div class="para">
To set the default printer, right-click the printer in the printer list and click the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Set As Default</strong></span> button in the context menu.
- </div><div class="section" id="idm263434749808"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="idm263434749808">13.3.10.1. The Settings Page</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263434749008" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="idm225473930512"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="idm225473930512">13.3.10.1. The Settings Page</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225497686928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To change printer driver configuration, double-click the corresponding name in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Printer</strong></span> list and click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Settings</strong></span> label on the left to display the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Settings</strong></span> page.
</div><div class="para">
You can modify printer settings such as make and model, print a test page, change the device location (URI), and more.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-printconf-config1"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/printconf-config1.png" alt="Settings page" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Settings Page
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 13.11. Settings page</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="idm263423933808"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="idm263423933808">13.3.10.2. The Policies Page</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 13.11. Settings page</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="idm225461377216"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="idm225461377216">13.3.10.2. The Policies Page</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
Click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Policies</strong></span> button on the left to change settings in printer state and print output.
</div><div class="para">
You can select the printer states, configure the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Error Policy</strong></span> of the printer (you can decide to abort the print job, retry, or stop it if an error occurs).
</div><div class="para">
You can also create a <em class="firstterm">banner page</em> (a page that describes aspects of the print job such as the originating printer, the user name from the which the job originated, and the security status of the document being printed): click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Starting Banner</strong></span> or <span class="guilabel"><strong>Ending Banner</strong></span> drop-down menu and choose the option that best describes the nature of the print jobs (for example, <span class="guilabel"><strong>confidential</strong></span>).
- </div><div class="section" id="sec-Sharing_Printers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title">13.3.10.2.1. Sharing Printers</h5></div></div></div><a id="idm263452519856" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sec-Sharing_Printers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title">13.3.10.2.1. Sharing Printers</h5></div></div></div><a id="idm225436263216" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
On the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Policies</strong></span> page, you can mark a printer as shared: if a printer is shared, users published on the network can use it. To allow the sharing function for printers, go to <span class="guimenu"><strong>Server</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Settings</strong></span> and select <span class="guilabel"><strong>Publish shared printers connected to this system</strong></span>.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-printconf-config2"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/printconf-config2.png" alt="Policies page" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Policies Page
@@ -6661,7 +6661,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Ink/Toner Levels</strong></span> page contains details on toner status if available and printer status messages. Click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Ink/Toner Levels</strong></span> label on the left to display the page.
</div><div class="figure" id="mediaobj-printconf-config6"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/printconf-config6.png" alt="Ink/Toner Levels page" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Ink/Toner Levels Page
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 13.16. Ink/Toner Levels page</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-printing-managing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.3.10.3. Managing Print Jobs</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263443321520" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 13.16. Ink/Toner Levels page</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-printing-managing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.3.10.3. Managing Print Jobs</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225474526640" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When you send a print job to the printer daemon, such as printing a text file from <span class="application"><strong>Emacs</strong></span> or printing an image from <span class="application"><strong>GIMP</strong></span>, the print job is added to the print spool queue. The print spool queue is a list of print jobs that have been sent to the printer and information about each print request, such as the status of the request, the job number, and more.
</div><div class="para">
During the printing process, messages informing about the process appear in the notification area.
@@ -7949,11 +7949,11 @@ path /usr/sbin/ptp4l</pre>
The IEEE 1588 Standard.
</div></dd></dl></div>
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Monitoring_and_Automation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part V. Monitoring and Automation</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm263422740544"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Monitoring_and_Automation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part V. Monitoring and Automation</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm225473339216"><div></div><div class="para">
This part describes various tools that allow system administrators to monitor system performance, automate system tasks, and report bugs.
- </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-System_Monitoring_Tools">17. System Monitoring Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">17.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">17.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">17.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">17.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">17.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">17.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">17.2
.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-cpu">17.3. Viewing CPU Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">17.3.1. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">17.4.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid">17.4.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx">17.4.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt">17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">17.4.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">17.4.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">17.5. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">17.5.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP">17.6. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-S
ystem_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">17.6.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running">17.6.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring">17.6.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving">17.6.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending">17.6.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-additional-resources">17.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">17.7.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">18. Viewing and Managing Log File
s</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-locating">18.1. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog">18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Filters">18.2.1. Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Actions">18.2.2. Actions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Templates">18.2.3. Templates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-global_directives">18.2.4. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log_rotation">18.2.5. Log Rotation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-using_the_new_configuration_format">18.3. Using the New Configuration Format</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Rulesets">18.3.1. Rulesets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-compatibility_with_syslogd">18.3.2.
Compatibility with syslogd</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog">18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-defining_queues">18.4.1. Defining Queues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-managing_queues">18.4.2. Managing Queues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server">18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_The_New_Template_Syntax_on_a_Logging_Server">18.5.1. Using The New Template Syntax on a Logging Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-using_rsyslog_modules">18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-importing_text_files">18.6.1. Importing Text Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-exporting_messages_to_a_d
atabase">18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-enabling_encrypted_transport">18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-using_RELP">18.6.4. Using RELP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal">18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog">18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-importing_data_from_journal">18.8.1. Importing Data from Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-filtering_structured_messages">18.8.2. Filtering Structured Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-parsing_JSON">18.8.3. Parsing JSON</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb">18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB</
a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-debugging_rsyslog">18.9. Debugging Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server">18.10. Troubleshooting Logging to a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Using_the_Journal">18.11. Using the Journal</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Viewing_Log_Files">18.11.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Access_Control">18.11.2. Access Control</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Using_The_Live_View">18.11.3. Using The Live View</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Filtering_Messages">18.11.4. Filtering Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage">18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment">18.12. Mana
ging Log Files in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-viewing">18.12.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-adding">18.12.2. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-examining">18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-log-files-additional-resources">18.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Automating_System_Tasks">19. Automating System Tasks</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">19.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Cron-Installing">19.1.1. Installing Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Cron-Running">19.1.2. Running the Crond Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-a
nacron-jobs">19.1.3. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">19.1.4. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-access">19.1.5. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">19.1.6. Black and White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">19.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-At_and_Batch_Installation">19.2.1. Installing At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Atd-Running">19.2.2. Running the At Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">19.2.3. Configuring an At Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-batch-configuring">19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"
><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing">19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-commandline-options">19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access">19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">19.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-OProfile">20. OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf_vs_opcontrol">20.1.1. operf vs. opcontrol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-using-operf">20.2. Using operf</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-events">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-categorization">20.2.3. Categorization of Samples</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.3.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-events">20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-starting">20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data"
>20.6. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.6.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-module-output">20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">20.6.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-example-usage">20.8. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-support">20.9. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-p
rofiling">20.9.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-gui">20.10. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">20.11. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile_additional_resources">20.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 17. System Monitoring Tools</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">17.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">17.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">17.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span c
lass="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">17.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">17.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">17.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">17.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-cpu">17.3. Viewing CPU Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">17.3.1. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">17.4.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"
><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid">17.4.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx">17.4.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt">17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">17.4.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">17.4.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">17.5. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">17.5.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP">17.6. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">17.6.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running">17.6.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring">17.6.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving">17.6.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitor
ing_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending">17.6.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-additional-resources">17.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">17.7.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm263395644464" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263483046816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-System_Monitoring_Tools">17. System Monitoring Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">17.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">17.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">17.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">17.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">17.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">17.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">17.2
.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-cpu">17.3. Viewing CPU Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">17.3.1. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">17.4.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid">17.4.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx">17.4.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt">17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">17.4.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">17.4.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">17.5. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">17.5.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP">17.6. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-S
ystem_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">17.6.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running">17.6.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring">17.6.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving">17.6.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending">17.6.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-additional-resources">17.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">17.7.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">18. Viewing and Managing Log File
s</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-locating">18.1. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog">18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Filters">18.2.1. Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Actions">18.2.2. Actions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Templates">18.2.3. Templates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-global_directives">18.2.4. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log_rotation">18.2.5. Log Rotation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-using_the_new_configuration_format">18.3. Using the New Configuration Format</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Rulesets">18.3.1. Rulesets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-compatibility_with_syslogd">18.3.2.
Compatibility with syslogd</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog">18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-defining_queues">18.4.1. Defining Queues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-managing_queues">18.4.2. Managing Queues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server">18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_The_New_Template_Syntax_on_a_Logging_Server">18.5.1. Using The New Template Syntax on a Logging Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-using_rsyslog_modules">18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-importing_text_files">18.6.1. Importing Text Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-exporting_messages_to_a_d
atabase">18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-enabling_encrypted_transport">18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-using_RELP">18.6.4. Using RELP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal">18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog">18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-importing_data_from_journal">18.8.1. Importing Data from Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-filtering_structured_messages">18.8.2. Filtering Structured Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-parsing_JSON">18.8.3. Parsing JSON</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb">18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB</
a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-debugging_rsyslog">18.9. Debugging Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server">18.10. Troubleshooting Logging to a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Using_the_Journal">18.11. Using the Journal</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Viewing_Log_Files">18.11.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Access_Control">18.11.2. Access Control</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Using_The_Live_View">18.11.3. Using The Live View</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Filtering_Messages">18.11.4. Filtering Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage">18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment">18.12. Mana
ging Log Files in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-viewing">18.12.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-adding">18.12.2. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-examining">18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-log-files-additional-resources">18.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Automating_System_Tasks">19. Automating System Tasks</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">19.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Cron-Installing">19.1.1. Installing Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Cron-Running">19.1.2. Running the Crond Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-a
nacron-jobs">19.1.3. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">19.1.4. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-access">19.1.5. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">19.1.6. Black and White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">19.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-At_and_Batch_Installation">19.2.1. Installing At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Atd-Running">19.2.2. Running the At Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">19.2.3. Configuring an At Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-batch-configuring">19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"
><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing">19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-commandline-options">19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access">19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">19.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-OProfile">20. OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf_vs_opcontrol">20.1.1. operf vs. opcontrol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-using-operf">20.2. Using operf</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-events">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-categorization">20.2.3. Categorization of Samples</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.3.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-events">20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-starting">20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data"
>20.6. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.6.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-module-output">20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">20.6.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-example-usage">20.8. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-support">20.9. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-p
rofiling">20.9.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-gui">20.10. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">20.11. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile_additional_resources">20.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 17. System Monitoring Tools</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">17.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">17.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">17.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span c
lass="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">17.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">17.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">17.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">17.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-cpu">17.3. Viewing CPU Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">17.3.1. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">17.4.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"
><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid">17.4.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx">17.4.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt">17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">17.4.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">17.4.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">17.5. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">17.5.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP">17.6. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">17.6.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running">17.6.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring">17.6.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving">17.6.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitor
ing_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending">17.6.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-additional-resources">17.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">17.7.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm225463123536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454333344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In order to configure the system, system administrators often need to determine the amount of free memory, how much free disk space is available, how the hard drive is partitioned, or what processes are running.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-system-processes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.1. Viewing System Processes</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263488933232" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263521702160" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.1.1. Using the ps Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263433560368" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-system-processes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.1. Viewing System Processes</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225463961312" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225440052224" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.1.1. Using the ps Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225347323056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">ps</code> command allows you to display information about running processes. It produces a static list, that is, a snapshot of what is running when you execute the command. If you want a constantly updated list of running processes, use the <code class="command">top</code> command or the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> application instead.
</div><div class="para">
To list all processes that are currently running on the system including processes owned by other users, type the following at a shell prompt:
@@ -7982,7 +7982,7 @@ root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [migration/0]
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ps ax | grep emacs</code>
2625 ? Sl 0:00 emacs</pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>ps</strong></span>(1) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.1.2. Using the top Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263492891120" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263517624080" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.1.2. Using the top Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225451881248" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225455873344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">top</code> command displays a real-time list of processes that are running on the system. It also displays additional information about the system uptime, current CPU and memory usage, or total number of running processes, and allows you to perform actions such as sorting the list or killing a process.
</div><div class="para">
To run the <code class="command">top</code> command, type the following at a shell prompt:
@@ -8050,7 +8050,7 @@ Swap: 1540092k total, 55780k used, 1484312k free, 256408k cached
<span class="keycap"><strong>q</strong></span>
</td><td class="">
Terminates the utility and returns to the shell prompt.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263443236912" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263443235792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225458534304" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225458533184" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Processes</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool allows you to view, search for, change the priority of, and kill processes from the graphical user interface.
</div><div class="para">
To start the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool, either select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or type <code class="command">gnome-system-monitor</code> at a shell prompt. Then click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Processes</strong></span> tab to view the list of running processes.
@@ -8090,7 +8090,7 @@ Swap: 1540092k total, 55780k used, 1484312k free, 256408k cached
edit the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> preferences, such as the refresh interval for the list of processes, or what information to show.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
You can also end a process by selecting it from the list and clicking the <span class="guibutton"><strong>End Process</strong></span> button.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.2. Viewing Memory Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263496211312" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496209872" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496208912" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.2.1. Using the free Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263496206992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.2. Viewing Memory Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225431425920" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225431424480" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225431423520" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.2.1. Using the free Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225474295952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">free</code> command allows you to display the amount of free and used memory on the system. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">free</code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">free</code> command provides information about both the physical memory (<code class="computeroutput">Mem</code>) and swap space (<code class="computeroutput">Swap</code>). It displays the total amount of memory (<code class="computeroutput">total</code>), as well as the amount of memory that is in use (<code class="computeroutput">used</code>), free (<code class="computeroutput">free</code>), shared (<code class="computeroutput">shared</code>), in kernel buffers (<code class="computeroutput">buffers</code>), and cached (<code class="computeroutput">cached</code>). For example:
@@ -8108,7 +8108,7 @@ Mem: 744 593 150 0 36 152
-/+ buffers/cache: 404 339
Swap: 1503 82 1421</pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>free</strong></span>(1) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263489693824" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263495767104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225429212320" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225429211200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Resources</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool allows you to view the amount of free and used memory on the system.
</div><div class="para">
To start the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool, either select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or type <code class="command">gnome-system-monitor</code> at a shell prompt. Then click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Resources</strong></span> tab to view the system's memory usage.
@@ -8116,7 +8116,7 @@ Swap: 1503 82 1421</pre><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Resources</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> application.
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 17.2. System Monitor — Resources</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
In the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Memory and Swap History</strong></span> section, the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool displays a graphical representation of the memory and swap usage history, as well as the total amount of the physical memory (<span class="guilabel"><strong>Memory</strong></span>) and swap space (<span class="guilabel"><strong>Swap</strong></span>) and how much of it is in use.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-cpu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.3. Viewing CPU Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263470621840" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263486283600" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.3.1. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263486281712" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263486280592" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-cpu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.3. Viewing CPU Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225393322064" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225393320624" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.3.1. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225423285040" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225423283920" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Resources</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool allows you to view the current CPU usage on the system.
</div><div class="para">
To start the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool, either select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or type <code class="command">gnome-system-monitor</code> at a shell prompt. Then click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Resources</strong></span> tab to view the system's CPU usage.
@@ -8124,7 +8124,7 @@ Swap: 1503 82 1421</pre><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Resources</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> application.
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 17.3. System Monitor — Resources</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
In the <span class="guilabel"><strong>CPU History</strong></span> section, the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool displays a graphical representation of the CPU usage history and shows the percentage of how much CPU is currently in use.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-filesystems"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263520750448" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263520749008" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.1. Using the lsblk Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263520747088" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-filesystems"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225463549936" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225474257392" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.1. Using the lsblk Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225474255472" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lsblk</code> command allows you to display a list of available block devices. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">lsblk</code></pre><div class="para">
For each listed block device, the <code class="command">lsblk</code> command displays the device name (<code class="computeroutput">NAME</code>), major and minor device number (<code class="computeroutput">MAJ:MIN</code>), if the device is removable (<code class="computeroutput">RM</code>), what is its size (<code class="computeroutput">SIZE</code>), if the device is read-only (<code class="computeroutput">RO</code>), what type is it (<code class="computeroutput">TYPE</code>), and where the device is mounted (<code class="computeroutput">MOUNTPOINT</code>). For example:
@@ -8148,7 +8148,7 @@ vda2 252:2 0 19.5G 0 part
vg_fedora-lv_swap (dm-0) 253:0 0 1.5G 0 lvm [SWAP]
vg_fedora-lv_root (dm-1) 253:1 0 18G 0 lvm /</pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>lsblk</strong></span>(8) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.2. Using the blkid Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263482791456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.2. Using the blkid Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225472134960" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">blkid</code> command allows you to display information about available block devices. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">blkid</code></pre><div class="para">
For each listed block device, the <code class="command">blkid</code> command displays available attributes such as its <em class="firstterm">universally unique identifier</em> (<code class="computeroutput">UUID</code>), file system type (<code class="computeroutput">TYPE</code>), or volume label (<code class="computeroutput">LABEL</code>). For example:
@@ -8179,7 +8179,7 @@ ID_PART_ENTRY_OFFSET=2048
ID_PART_ENTRY_SIZE=1024000
ID_PART_ENTRY_DISK=252:0</pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>blkid</strong></span>(8) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.3. Using the partx Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263496634304" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.3. Using the partx Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225473750144" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">partx</code> command allows you to display a list of disk partitions. To list the partition table of a particular disk, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>, run this command with the <code class="option">-s</code> option followed by the device name:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">partx</code> <code class="option">-s</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>device_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
For example, to list partitions on <code class="filename">/dev/vda</code>, type:
@@ -8188,7 +8188,7 @@ NR START END SECTORS SIZE NAME UUID
1 2048 1026047 1024000 500M
2 1026048 41943039 40916992 19.5G</pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>partx</strong></span>(8) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263490046992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225468108256" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">findmnt</code> command allows you to display a list of currently mounted file systems. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">findmnt</code></pre><div class="para">
For each listed file system, the <code class="command">findmnt</code> command displays the target mount point (<code class="computeroutput">TARGET</code>), source device (<code class="computeroutput">SOURCE</code>), file system type (<code class="computeroutput">FSTYPE</code>), and relevant mount options (<code class="computeroutput">OPTIONS</code>). For example:
@@ -8240,7 +8240,7 @@ TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
/ /dev/mapper/vg_fedora-lv_root ext4 rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered
/boot /dev/vda1 ext4 rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered</pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>findmnt</strong></span>(8) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.5. Using the df Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263491394368" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.5. Using the df Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225468131776" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">df</code> command allows you to display a detailed report on the system's disk space usage. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">df</code></pre><div class="para">
For each listed file system, the <code class="command">df</code> command displays its name (<code class="computeroutput">Filesystem</code>), size (<code class="computeroutput">1K-blocks</code> or <code class="computeroutput">Size</code>), how much space is used (<code class="computeroutput">Used</code>), how much space is still available (<code class="computeroutput">Available</code>), the percentage of space usage (<code class="computeroutput">Use%</code>), and where is the file system mounted (<code class="computeroutput">Mounted on</code>). For example:
@@ -8266,11 +8266,11 @@ tmpfs 373M 3.0M 370M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/vg_fedora-lv_root 19G 4.4G 14G 25% /
tmpfs 373M 0 373M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 373M 0 373M 0% /media
-/dev/vda1 497M 84M 389M 18% /boot</pre><a id="idm263480480256" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480478176" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480477056" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496794960" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496793840" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496791760" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+/dev/vda1 497M 84M 389M 18% /boot</pre><a id="idm225496688496" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225496672768" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225496671648" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225442085888" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225442084768" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225427496208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Note that the <code class="filename">/dev/shm</code> entry represents the system's virtual memory file system, <code class="filename">/sys/fs/cgroup</code> is a cgroup file system, and <code class="filename">/run</code> contains information about the running system.
</div><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>df</strong></span>(1) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.6. Using the du Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263483348848" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.6. Using the du Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225448580192" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">du</code> command allows you to displays the amount of space that is being used by files in a directory. To display the disk usage for each of the subdirectories in the current working directory, run the command with no additional command line options:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">du</code></pre><div class="para">
For example:
@@ -8297,7 +8297,7 @@ tmpfs 373M 0 373M 0% /media
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">du -sh</code>
68M .</pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>du</strong></span>(1) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263520237648" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263520236528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225493823760" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225493822640" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>File Systems</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool allows you to view file systems and disk space usage in the graphical user interface.
</div><div class="para">
To start the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool, either select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or type <code class="command">gnome-system-monitor</code> at a shell prompt. Then click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>File Systems</strong></span> tab to view a list of file systems.
@@ -8305,7 +8305,7 @@ tmpfs 373M 0 373M 0% /media
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>File Systems</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> application.
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 17.4. System Monitor — File Systems</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
For each listed file system, the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool displays the source device (<span class="guilabel"><strong>Device</strong></span>), target mount point (<span class="guilabel"><strong>Directory</strong></span>), and file system type (<span class="guilabel"><strong>Type</strong></span>), as well as its size (<span class="guilabel"><strong>Total</strong></span>) and how much space is free (<span class="guilabel"><strong>Free</strong></span>), available (<span class="guilabel"><strong>Available</strong></span>), and used (<span class="guilabel"><strong>Used</strong></span>).
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-hardware"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.5. Viewing Hardware Information</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263467771248" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263467769808" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.5.1. Using the lspci Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263453071184" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-hardware"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.5. Viewing Hardware Information</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225458643936" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225442013680" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.5.1. Using the lspci Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225442011168" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lspci</code> command lists all PCI devices that are present in the system:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">lspci</code></pre><div class="para">
For example:
@@ -8337,7 +8337,7 @@ tmpfs 373M 0 373M 0% /media
<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>lspci</strong></span>(8) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263393179424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225418946944" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lsusb</code> command allows you to display information about USB buses and devices that are attached to them. To list all USB devices that are in the system, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">lsusb</code></pre><div class="para">
This displays a simple list of devices, for example:
@@ -8375,7 +8375,7 @@ Device Descriptor:
bDescriptorType 2
<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>lsusb</strong></span>(8) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263464789536" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225435517536" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lspcmcia</code> command allows you to list all PCMCIA devices that are present in the system. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">lspcmcia</code></pre><div class="para">
For example:
@@ -8388,7 +8388,7 @@ Socket 0 Bridge: [yenta_cardbus] (bus ID: 0000:15:00.0)</pre><div
Socket 0 Bridge: [yenta_cardbus] (bus ID: 0000:15:00.0)
Configuration: state: on ready: unknown</pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>pccardctl</strong></span>(8) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263477367632" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225490320288" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lscpu</code> command allows you to list information about CPUs that are present in the system, including the number of CPUs, their architecture, vendor, family, model, CPU caches, etc. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">lscpu</code></pre><div class="para">
For example:
@@ -8872,23 +8872,23 @@ NET-SNMP-MIB::netSnmpPlaypen.1.1 = INTEGER: 8675309</pre></div></div></div><div
<span class="bold bold"><strong>snmpd</strong></span>(8) — The manual page for the <code class="systemitem">snmpd</code> service.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="bold bold"><strong>snmpd.conf</strong></span>(5) — The manual page for the <code class="filename">/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf</code> file containing full documentation of available configuration directives.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-locating">18.1. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog">18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Filters">18.2.1. Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Actions">18.2.2. Actions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Templates">18.2.3. Templates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-global_directives">18.2.4. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log_rotation">18.2.5. Log Rotation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="
#sec-using_the_new_configuration_format">18.3. Using the New Configuration Format</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Rulesets">18.3.1. Rulesets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-compatibility_with_syslogd">18.3.2. Compatibility with syslogd</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog">18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-defining_queues">18.4.1. Defining Queues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-managing_queues">18.4.2. Managing Queues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server">18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_The_New_Template_Syntax_on_a_Logging_Server">18.5.1. Using The New Template Syntax on a Logging Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect
ion"><a href="#s1-using_rsyslog_modules">18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-importing_text_files">18.6.1. Importing Text Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database">18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-enabling_encrypted_transport">18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-using_RELP">18.6.4. Using RELP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal">18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog">18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-importing_data_from_journal">18.8.1. Importing Data from Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-filtering_structured_mess
ages">18.8.2. Filtering Structured Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-parsing_JSON">18.8.3. Parsing JSON</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb">18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-debugging_rsyslog">18.9. Debugging Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server">18.10. Troubleshooting Logging to a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Using_the_Journal">18.11. Using the Journal</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Viewing_Log_Files">18.11.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Access_Control">18.11.2. Access Control</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Using_The_Live_View">18.11.3. Using The Live View</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Filtering_Messages">18.11.4.
Filtering Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage">18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment">18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-viewing">18.12.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-adding">18.12.2. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-examining">18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-log-files-additional-resources">18.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm263456729664" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263481288256" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-locating">18.1. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog">18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Filters">18.2.1. Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Actions">18.2.2. Actions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Templates">18.2.3. Templates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-global_directives">18.2.4. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log_rotation">18.2.5. Log Rotation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="
#sec-using_the_new_configuration_format">18.3. Using the New Configuration Format</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Rulesets">18.3.1. Rulesets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-compatibility_with_syslogd">18.3.2. Compatibility with syslogd</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog">18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-defining_queues">18.4.1. Defining Queues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-managing_queues">18.4.2. Managing Queues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server">18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_The_New_Template_Syntax_on_a_Logging_Server">18.5.1. Using The New Template Syntax on a Logging Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect
ion"><a href="#s1-using_rsyslog_modules">18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-importing_text_files">18.6.1. Importing Text Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database">18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-enabling_encrypted_transport">18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-using_RELP">18.6.4. Using RELP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal">18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog">18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-importing_data_from_journal">18.8.1. Importing Data from Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-filtering_structured_mess
ages">18.8.2. Filtering Structured Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-parsing_JSON">18.8.3. Parsing JSON</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb">18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-debugging_rsyslog">18.9. Debugging Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server">18.10. Troubleshooting Logging to a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Using_the_Journal">18.11. Using the Journal</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Viewing_Log_Files">18.11.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Access_Control">18.11.2. Access Control</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Using_The_Live_View">18.11.3. Using The Live View</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Filtering_Messages">18.11.4.
Filtering Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage">18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment">18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-viewing">18.12.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-adding">18.12.2. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-logfiles-examining">18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-log-files-additional-resources">18.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm225455239376" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225422270640" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Log files</em> are files that contain messages about the system, including the kernel, services, and applications running on it. There are different log files for different information. For example, there is a default system log file, a log file just for security messages, and a log file for cron tasks.
</div><div class="para">
Log files can be very useful when trying to troubleshoot a problem with the system such as trying to load a kernel driver or when looking for unauthorized login attempts to the system. This chapter discusses where to find log files, how to view log files, and what to look for in log files.
- </div><a id="idm263496462544" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263483868528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225454877584" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225496080368" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Some log files are controlled by a daemon called <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code>. The <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> daemon is an enhanced replacement for <span class="application"><strong>sysklogd</strong></span>, and provides extended filtering, encryption protected relaying of messages, various configuration options, input and output modules, support for transportation via the <code class="systemitem">TCP</code> or <code class="systemitem">UDP</code> protocols. Note that <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> is compatible with <span class="application"><strong>sysklogd</strong></span>.
</div><div class="para">
Log files can also be managed by the <code class="systemitem">journald</code> daemon – a component of <code class="systemitem">systemd</code>. The <code class="systemitem">journald</code> daemon captures Syslog messages, kernel log messages, initial RAM disk and early boot messages as well as messages written to standard output and standard error output of all services, indexes them and makes this available to the user. The native journal file format, which is a structured and indexed binary file, improves searching and provides faster operation, and it also stores meta data information like time stamps or user IDs. Log files produced by <code class="systemitem">journald</code> are by default not persistent, log files are stored only in memory or a small ring-buffer in the <code class="filename">/run/log/journal/</code> directory. The amount of logged data depends on free memory, when you reach the capacity limit, the oldest entries are deleted. However, this setting can
be altered – see <a class="xref" href="#s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage">Section 18.11.5, “Enabling Persistent Storage”</a>. For more information on Journal see <a class="xref" href="#s1-Using_the_Journal">Section 18.11, “Using the Journal”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
By default, these two logging tools coexist on your system. The <code class="systemitem">journald</code> daemon is the primary tool for troubleshooting. It also provides additional data necessary for creating structured log messages. Data acquired by <code class="systemitem">journald</code> is forwarded into the <code class="systemitem">/run/systemd/journal/syslog</code> socket that may be used by <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> to process the data further. However, <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> does the actual integration by default via the <code class="systemitem">imjournal</code> input module, thus avoiding the aforementioned socket. You can also transfer data in the opposite direction, from <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> to <code class="systemitem">journald</code> with use of <code class="systemitem">omjournal</code> module. See <a class="xref" href="#s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal">Section 18.7, “Interaction of
Rsyslog and Journal”</a> for further information. The integration enables maintaining text-based logs in a consistent format to ensure compatibility with possible applications or configurations dependent on <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code>. Also, you can maintain rsyslog messages in a structured format (see <a class="xref" href="#s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog">Section 18.8, “Structured Logging with Rsyslog”</a>).
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-logfiles-locating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.1. Locating Log Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263491440624" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-logfiles-locating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.1. Locating Log Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225464082160" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A list of log files maintained by <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> can be found in the <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> configuration file. Most log files are located in the <code class="filename">/var/log/</code> directory. Some applications such as <code class="command">httpd</code> and <code class="command">samba</code> have a directory within <code class="filename">/var/log/</code> for their log files.
- </div><a id="idm263429541968" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263429540528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225447765216" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225494938096" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You may notice multiple files in the <code class="filename">/var/log/</code> directory with numbers after them (for example, <code class="filename">cron-20100906</code>). These numbers represent a time stamp that has been added to a rotated log file. Log files are rotated so their file sizes do not become too large. The <code class="filename">logrotate</code> package contains a cron task that automatically rotates log files according to the <code class="filename">/etc/logrotate.conf</code> configuration file and the configuration files in the <code class="filename">/etc/logrotate.d/</code> directory.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263494515040" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225445852864" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The main configuration file for <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> is <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code>. Here, you can specify <em class="firstterm">global directives</em>, <em class="firstterm">modules</em>, and <em class="firstterm">rules</em> that consist of <em class="firstterm">filter</em> and <em class="firstterm">action</em> parts. Also, you can add comments in the form of text following a hash sign (<code class="literal">#</code>).
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-Filters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.1. Filters</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263429899360" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-Filters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.1. Filters</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225458047104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A rule is specified by a <span class="emphasis"><em>filter</em></span> part, which selects a subset of syslog messages, and an <span class="emphasis"><em>action</em></span> part, which specifies what to do with the selected messages. To define a rule in your <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> configuration file, define both, a filter and an action, on one line and separate them with one or more spaces or tabs.
</div><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> offers various ways to filter syslog messages according to selected properties. The available filtering methods can be divided into <span class="emphasis"><em>Facility/Priority-based</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>Property-based</em></span>, and <span class="emphasis"><em>Expression-based</em></span> filters.
@@ -8996,7 +8996,7 @@ if $programname == 'prog1' then {
}
</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
See <a class="xref" href="#brid-Log_Files-Resources-Online">the section called “Online Documentation”</a> for more examples of various expression-based filters. RainerScript is the basis for <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span>'s new configuration format, see <a class="xref" href="#sec-using_the_new_configuration_format">Section 18.3, “Using the New Configuration Format”</a>
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-Actions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.2. Actions</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263457912496" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-Actions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.2. Actions</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225466108592" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Actions specify what is to be done with the messages filtered out by an already-defined selector. The following are some of the actions you can define in your rule:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Saving syslog messages to log files</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The majority of actions specify to which log file a syslog message is saved. This is done by specifying a file path after your already-defined selector:
@@ -9106,7 +9106,7 @@ $ModLoad ompgsql # Output module for PostgreSQL support
The discard action is mostly used to filter out messages before carrying on any further processing. It can be effective if you want to omit some repeating messages that would otherwise fill the log files. The results of discard action depend on where in the configuration file it is specified, for the best results place these actions on top of the actions list. Please note that once a message has been discarded there is no way to retrieve it in later configuration file lines.
</div><div class="para">
For instance, the following rule discards any cron syslog messages:
- </div><pre class="screen">cron.* ~</pre></dd></dl></div><h4 id="idm263470191472">Specifying Multiple Actions</h4><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">cron.* ~</pre></dd></dl></div><h4 id="idm225442061280">Specifying Multiple Actions</h4><div class="para">
For each selector, you are allowed to specify multiple actions. To specify multiple actions for one selector, write each action on a separate line and precede it with an ampersand (&) character:
</div><pre class="screen">
<em class="replaceable"><code>FILTER</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>ACTION</code></em>
@@ -9124,7 +9124,7 @@ kern.=crit user1
Any action can be followed by a template that formats the message. To specify a template, suffix an action with a semicolon (<code class="literal">;</code>) and specify the name of the template. For more information on templates, see <a class="xref" href="#s2-Templates">Section 18.2.3, “Templates”</a>.
</div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using templates</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
A template must be defined before it is used in an action, otherwise it is ignored. In other words, template definitions should always precede rule definitions in <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code>.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-Templates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.3. Templates</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263437793232" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-Templates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.3. Templates</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225473739504" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Any output that is generated by <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> can be modified and formatted according to your needs with the use of <span class="emphasis"><em>templates</em></span>. To create a template use the following syntax in <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">$template <em class="replaceable"><code>TEMPLATE_NAME</code></em>,"<em class="replaceable"><code>text %PROPERTY% more text</code></em>", [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>OPTION</code></em></span>]</pre><div class="para">
where:
@@ -9190,7 +9190,7 @@ kern.=crit user1
A forwarding format with high-precision time stamps and time zone information.
</div><pre class="screen">"%PRI%%TIMESTAMP:::date-rfc3339% %HOSTNAME% %syslogtag:1:32%%msg:::sp-if-no-1st-sp%%msg%\"</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>RSYSLOG_TraditionalForwardFormat</code></em></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The traditional forwarding format with low-precision time stamps.
- </div><pre class="screen">"%PRI%%TIMESTAMP% %HOSTNAME% %syslogtag:1:32%%msg:::sp-if-no-1st-sp%%msg%\"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-global_directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.4. Global Directives</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263452829184" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">"%PRI%%TIMESTAMP% %HOSTNAME% %syslogtag:1:32%%msg:::sp-if-no-1st-sp%%msg%\"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-global_directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.4. Global Directives</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225458978448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Global directives are configuration options that apply to the <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> daemon. They usually specify a value for a specific predefined variable that affects the behavior of the <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> daemon or a rule that follows. All of the global directives must start with a dollar sign (<code class="literal">$</code>). Only one directive can be specified per line. The following is an example of a global directive that specifies the maximum size of the syslog message queue:
</div><pre class="screen">
$MainMsgQueueSize 50000
@@ -9198,7 +9198,7 @@ $MainMsgQueueSize 50000
The default size defined for this directive (<code class="constant">10,000</code> messages) can be overridden by specifying a different value (as shown in the example above).
</div><div class="para">
You can define multiple directives in your <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> configuration file. A directive affects the behavior of all configuration options until another occurrence of that same directive is detected. Global directives can be used to configure actions, queues and for debugging. A comprehensive list of all available configuration directives can be found in <a class="xref" href="#brid-Log_Files-Resources-Online">the section called “Online Documentation”</a>. Currently, a new configuration format has been developed that replaces the $-based syntax (see <a class="xref" href="#sec-using_the_new_configuration_format">Section 18.3, “Using the New Configuration Format”</a>). However, classic global directives remain supported as a legacy format.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-log_rotation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.5. Log Rotation</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263495900624" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-log_rotation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.5. Log Rotation</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225474083872" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a sample <code class="filename">/etc/logrotate.conf</code> configuration file:
</div><pre class="screen">
# rotate log files weekly
@@ -9263,7 +9263,7 @@ compress
<em class="parameter"><code>maillast</code></em> — Specifies that the about-to-expire log files are to be mailed, instead of the just-rotated log files. This is the default option when <em class="parameter"><code>mail</code></em> is enabled.
</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For the full list of directives and various configuration options, see the <code class="filename">logrotate(5)</code> manual page.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.3. Using the New Configuration Format</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263457102688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.3. Using the New Configuration Format</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225394359376" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> version 6, a new configuration syntax was introduced. This new configuration format aims to be more powerful, more intuitive, and to prevent common mistakes by not permitting certain invalid constructs. The syntax enhancement is enabled by the new configuration processor that relies on RainerScript. The legacy format is still fully supported and it is used by default in the <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> configuration file.
</div><div class="para">
RainerScript is a scripting language designed for processing network events and configuring event processors such as <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span>. RainerScript was first used to define expression-based filters, see <a class="xref" href="#ex-expression-based_filters">Example 18.3, “Expression-based Filters”</a>. The version of RainerScript in rsyslog version 7 implemented the <code class="function">input()</code> and <code class="function">ruleset()</code> statements, which permit the <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> configuration file to be written in the new syntax. The new syntax differs mainly in that it is much more structured; parameters are passed as arguments to statements, such as input, action, template, and module load. The scope of options is limited by blocks. This enhances readability and reduces the number of bugs caused by misconfiguration. There is also a significant performance gain. Some functionality is e
xposed in both syntaxes, some only in the new one.
@@ -9280,7 +9280,7 @@ $InputRunFileMonitor
input(type="imfile" file="/tmp/inputfile" tag="tag1:" statefile="inputfile-state")
</pre><div class="para">
This significantly reduces the number of parameters used in configuration, improves readability, and also provides higher execution speed. For more information on RainerScript statements and parameters see <a class="xref" href="#brid-Log_Files-Resources-Online">the section called “Online Documentation”</a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="sec-Rulesets"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.3.1. Rulesets</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263467436672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sec-Rulesets"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.3.1. Rulesets</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225458246736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Leaving special directives aside, <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> handles messages as defined by <span class="emphasis"><em>rules</em></span> that consist of a filter condition and an action to be performed if the condition is true. With a traditionally written <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> file, all rules are evaluated in order of appearance for every input message. This process starts with the first rule and continues until all rules have been processed or until the message is discarded by one of the rules.
</div><div class="para">
However, rules can be grouped into sequences called <em class="firstterm">rulesets</em>. With rulesets, you can limit the effect of certain rules only to selected inputs or enhance the performance of <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> by defining a distinct set of actions bound to a specific input. In other words, filter conditions that will be inevitably evaluated as false for certain types of messages can be skipped. The legacy ruleset definition in <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> can look as follows:
@@ -9326,7 +9326,7 @@ input(type="imtcp" port="10515" ruleset="remote-10515");
From <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> version 6, compatibility mode specified via the <code class="option">-c</code> option has been removed. Also, the syslogd-style command-line options are deprecated and configuring <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> through these command-line options should be avoided. However, you can use several templates and directives to configure <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> to emulate syslogd-like behavior.
</div><div class="para">
For more information on various <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> options, see the <code class="filename">rsyslogd(8)</code>manual page.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263459826576" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225453871104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Queues are used to pass content, mostly syslog messages, between components of <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span>. With queues, rsyslog is capable of processing multiple messages simultaneously and to apply several actions to a single message at once. The data flow inside <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> can be illustrated as follows:
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-message_flow_in_rsyslog"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/rsyslog_message_flow.png" width="444" alt="Message Flow in Rsyslog" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Message Flow in Rsyslog
@@ -9555,7 +9555,7 @@ ruleset(name="remote1"){
input(type="imtcp" port="514" ruleset="remote1")</pre><div class="para">
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-using_rsyslog_modules"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263497160528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-using_rsyslog_modules"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225445588160" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Due to its modular design, <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> offers a variety of <em class="firstterm">modules</em> which provide additional functionality. Note that modules can be written by third parties. Most modules provide additional inputs (see <span class="emphasis"><em>Input Modules</em></span> below) or outputs (see <span class="emphasis"><em>Output Modules</em></span> below). Other modules provide special functionality specific to each module. The modules may provide additional configuration directives that become available after a module is loaded. To load a module, use the following syntax:
</div><pre class="screen">
$ModLoad <em class="replaceable"><code>MODULE</code></em>
@@ -9752,7 +9752,7 @@ $ModLoad ommongodb
You can set your login details by replacing <em class="replaceable"><code>UID</code></em> and <em class="replaceable"><code>password</code></em>.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
You can shape the form of the final database output with use of templates. By default, <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> uses a template based on standard <span class="application"><strong>lumberjack</strong></span> field names.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-debugging_rsyslog"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.9. Debugging Rsyslog</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263485891792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-debugging_rsyslog"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.9. Debugging Rsyslog</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225470738640" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To run <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> in debugging mode, use the following command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> <code class="option">-dn</code></pre><div class="para">
With this command, <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> produces debugging information and prints it to the standard output. The <code class="option">-n</code> stands for "no fork". You can modify debugging with environmental variables, for example, you can store the debug output in a log file. Before starting <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code>, type the following on the command line:
@@ -9920,9 +9920,9 @@ Fri 2013-08-02 14:41:22 CEST [s=e1021ca1b81e4fc688fad6a3ea21d35b;i=55c;b=78c8144
Then, restart <code class="systemitem">journald</code> to apply the change:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">systemctl</code> <code class="option">restart</code> <code class="systemitem">systemd-journald</code></pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
As an alternative to the aforementioned command-line utilities, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 provides an accessible GUI for managing log messages.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-logfiles-viewing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.12.1. Viewing Log Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263457068144" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-logfiles-viewing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.12.1. Viewing Log Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225450480304" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most log files are stored in plain text format. You can view them with any text editor such as <code class="command">Vi</code> or <span class="application"><strong>Emacs</strong></span>. Some log files are readable by all users on the system; however, root privileges are required to read most log files.
- </div><a id="idm263479407744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225463666928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To view system log files in an interactive, real-time application, use the <span class="application"><strong>System Log</strong></span>.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the gnome-system-log package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use the <span class="application"><strong>System Log</strong></span>, first ensure the <span class="package">gnome-system-log</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -9934,9 +9934,9 @@ Fri 2013-08-02 14:41:22 CEST [s=e1021ca1b81e4fc688fad6a3ea21d35b;i=55c;b=78c8144
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">gnome-system-log</code>
</pre><div class="para">
The application only displays log files that exist; thus, the list might differ from the one shown in <a class="xref" href="#fig-redhat-logviewer">Figure 18.2, “System Log”</a>.
- </div><a id="idm263440538672" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263440537072" class="indexterm"></a><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-logviewer"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/redhat-logviewer.png" width="444" alt="System Log" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225452009024" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452007424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-logviewer"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/redhat-logviewer.png" width="444" alt="System Log" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
System Log
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 18.2. System Log</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="idm263442733744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 18.2. System Log</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="idm225471562160" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>System Log</strong></span> application lets you filter any existing log file. Click on the button marked with the gear symbol to view the menu, select <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Filters</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Manage Filters</strong></span> to define or edit the desired filter.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-filters"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/redhat-filters.png" alt="System Log - Filters" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
System Log - Filters
@@ -9970,7 +9970,7 @@ Fri 2013-08-02 14:41:22 CEST [s=e1021ca1b81e4fc688fad6a3ea21d35b;i=55c;b=78c8144
Click on the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Open</strong></span> button to open the file. The file is immediately added to the viewing list where you can select it and view its contents.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Reading zipped log files</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>System Log</strong></span> also allows you to open log files zipped in the <code class="literal">.gz</code> format.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-logfiles-examining"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263463299872" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263463298432" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-logfiles-examining"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225460440528" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225460439088" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>System Log</strong></span> monitors all opened logs by default. If a new line is added to a monitored log file, the log name appears in bold in the log list. If the log file is selected or displayed, the new lines appear in bold at the bottom of the log file. <a class="xref" href="#fig-redhat-logviewer-monitoring">Figure 18.7, “System Log - new log alert”</a> illustrates a new alert in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>cron</strong></span> log file and in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>messages</strong></span> log file. Clicking on the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>messages</strong></span> log file displays the logs in the file with the new lines in bold.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-logviewer-monitoring"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/redhat-logviewer-monitoring.png" width="444" alt="System Log - new log alert" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
System Log - New Log Alert
@@ -9996,7 +9996,7 @@ Fri 2013-08-02 14:41:22 CEST [s=e1021ca1b81e4fc688fad6a3ea21d35b;i=55c;b=78c8144
<a href="http://www.rsyslog.com/doc/queues.html">Description of <span class="emphasis"><em>queues</em></span> on the rsyslog Home Page</a> — General information on various types of message queues and their usage.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://wiki.rsyslog.com/index.php/Main_Page">rsyslog Wiki</a> — <em class="citetitle">The rsyslog Wiki</em> contains useful configuration examples.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Automating_System_Tasks" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 19. Automating System Tasks</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">19.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Cron-Installing">19.1.1. Installing Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Cron-Running">19.1.2. Running the Crond Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">19.1.3. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">19.1.4. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-access">19.1.5. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-job
s">19.1.6. Black and White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">19.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-At_and_Batch_Installation">19.2.1. Installing At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Atd-Running">19.2.2. Running the At Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">19.2.3. Configuring an At Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-batch-configuring">19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing">19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-commandline-options">19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access">19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt></d
l></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">19.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm263458087792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Automating_System_Tasks" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 19. Automating System Tasks</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">19.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Cron-Installing">19.1.1. Installing Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Cron-Running">19.1.2. Running the Crond Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">19.1.3. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">19.1.4. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-access">19.1.5. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-job
s">19.1.6. Black and White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">19.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-At_and_Batch_Installation">19.2.1. Installing At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Atd-Running">19.2.2. Running the At Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">19.2.3. Configuring an At Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-batch-configuring">19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing">19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-commandline-options">19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access">19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt></d
l></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">19.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm225422009120" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Tasks, also known as <em class="firstterm">jobs</em>, can be configured to run automatically within a specified period of time, on a specified date, or when the system load average decreases below 0.8.
</div><div class="para">
Fedora is pre-configured to run important system tasks to keep the system updated. For example, the <span class="database">slocate</span> database used by the <code class="command">locate</code> command is updated daily. A system administrator can use automated tasks to perform periodic backups, monitor the system, run custom scripts, and so on.
@@ -10006,7 +10006,7 @@ Fri 2013-08-02 14:41:22 CEST [s=e1021ca1b81e4fc688fad6a3ea21d35b;i=55c;b=78c8144
Every utility is intended for scheduling a different job type: while Cron and Anacron schedule recurring jobs, At and Batch schedule one-time jobs (refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Section 19.1, “Cron and Anacron”</a> and <a class="xref" href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">Section 19.2, “At and Batch”</a> respectively).
</div><div class="para">
Fedora supports the use of <code class="systemitem">systemd.timer</code> for executing a job at a specific time. See man <code class="filename">systemd.timer(5)</code> for more information.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-cron-anacron"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">19.1. Cron and Anacron</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263456359536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263433007680" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-cron-anacron"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">19.1. Cron and Anacron</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225420196624" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225438457056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Both Cron and Anacron are daemons that can schedule execution of recurring tasks to a certain point in time defined by the exact time, day of the month, month, day of the week, and week.
</div><div class="para">
Cron jobs can run as often as every minute. However, the utility assumes that the system is running continuously and if the system is not on at the time when a job is scheduled, the job is not executed.
@@ -10040,7 +10040,7 @@ Fri 2013-08-02 14:41:22 CEST [s=e1021ca1b81e4fc688fad6a3ea21d35b;i=55c;b=78c8144
To restart the <code class="systemitem">crond</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">systemctl restart crond.service</code></pre><div class="para">
This command stops the service and starts it again in quick succession.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-configuring-anacron-jobs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.1.3. Configuring Anacron Jobs</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263480956816" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480955408" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480953968" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263515753328" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-configuring-anacron-jobs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.1.3. Configuring Anacron Jobs</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225451869168" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225414714208" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225414712768" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472968016" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The main configuration file to schedule jobs is the <code class="filename">/etc/anacrontab</code> file, which can be only accessed by the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user. The file contains the following:
</div><pre class="programlisting">SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
@@ -10117,7 +10117,7 @@ START_HOURS_RANGE=16-20
The second job executes the <code class="filename">weeklyjob.bash</code> script in the <code class="filename">/etc/</code> directory once a week.
</div><div class="para">
The third job runs a command, which writes the contents of <code class="filename">/proc</code> to the <code class="filename">/tmp/proc</code> file (<code class="command">ls /proc >> /tmp/proc</code>) once a month.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-configuring-cron-jobs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.1.4. Configuring Cron Jobs</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263485888976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263485887536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263485886096" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487625904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-configuring-cron-jobs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.1.4. Configuring Cron Jobs</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225467970336" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225467968896" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225420061008" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225420059568" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The configuration file for cron jobs is <code class="filename">/etc/crontab</code>, which can be only modified by the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user. The file contains the following:
</div><pre class="programlisting">SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
@@ -10197,7 +10197,7 @@ HOME=/
To define a white list, create a <code class="filename">jobs.allow</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
The principles of <code class="filename">jobs.deny</code> and <code class="filename">jobs.allow</code> are the same as those of <code class="filename">cron.deny</code> and <code class="filename">cron.allow</code> described in section <a class="xref" href="#s2-autotasks-cron-access">Section 19.1.5, “Controlling Access to Cron”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-at-batch"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">19.2. At and Batch</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263441705840" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263441704400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-at-batch"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">19.2. At and Batch</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225496933136" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225496931696" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
While Cron is used to schedule recurring tasks, the <span class="application"><strong>At</strong></span> utility is used to schedule a one-time task at a specific time and the <span class="application"><strong>Batch</strong></span> utility is used to schedule a one-time task to be executed when the system load average drops below 0.8.
</div><div class="section" id="sect-At_and_Batch_Installation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.2.1. Installing At and Batch</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To determine if the <span class="package">at</span> package is already installed on your system, issue the following command:
@@ -10327,7 +10327,7 @@ HOME=/
The <code class="command">at</code> daemon (<code class="command">atd</code>) does not have to be restarted if the access control files are modified. The access control files are read each time a user tries to execute the <code class="command">at</code> or <code class="command">batch</code> commands.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">root</code> user can always execute <code class="command">at</code> and <code class="command">batch</code> commands, regardless of the content of the access control files.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">19.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263437496640" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263437495200" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263437493760" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">19.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225493850576" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225492358368" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225492356928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To learn more about configuring automated tasks, see the following installed documentation:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">cron(8)</code> man page contains an overview of cron.
@@ -10347,7 +10347,7 @@ HOME=/
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/at/timespec</code> contains detailed information about the time values that can be used in cron job definitions.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">at</code> manual page contains descriptions of <code class="command">at</code> and <code class="command">batch</code> and their command line options.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-OProfile" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 20. OProfile</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf_vs_opcontrol">20.1.1. operf vs. opcontrol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-using-operf">20.2. Using operf</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-events">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-categorization">20.2.3. Categorization of Samples</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></
dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.3.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-events">20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-starting">20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">20.6. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.6.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span clas
s="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-module-output">20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">20.6.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-example-usage">20.8. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-support">20.9. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.9.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-gui">20.10. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">20.11. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile_additional_resou
rces">20.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm263470137568" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263494498736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-OProfile" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 20. OProfile</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf_vs_opcontrol">20.1.1. operf vs. opcontrol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-using-operf">20.2. Using operf</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-events">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-operf-categorization">20.2.3. Categorization of Samples</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></
dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.3.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-events">20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-starting">20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">20.6. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.6.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span clas
s="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-module-output">20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">20.6.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-example-usage">20.8. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-support">20.9. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.9.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-gui">20.10. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">20.11. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile_additional_resou
rces">20.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm225473991552" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225434997472" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OProfile is a low overhead, system-wide performance monitoring tool. It uses the performance monitoring hardware on the processor to retrieve information about the kernel and executables on the system, such as when memory is referenced, the number of L2 cache requests, and the number of hardware interrupts received. On a Fedora system, the <code class="filename">oprofile</code> package must be installed to use this tool.
</div><div class="para">
Many processors include dedicated performance monitoring hardware. This hardware makes it possible to detect when certain events happen (such as the requested data not being in cache). The hardware normally takes the form of one or more <em class="firstterm">counters</em> that are incremented each time an event takes place. When the counter value increments, an interrupt is generated, making it possible to control the amount of detail (and therefore, overhead) produced by performance monitoring.
@@ -10367,7 +10367,7 @@ HOME=/
<span class="emphasis"><em>Hardware performance counters do not work on guest virtual machines</em></span> — Because the hardware performance counters are not available on virtual systems, you need to use the <code class="computeroutput">timer</code> mode. Enter the command <code class="command">opcontrol --deinit</code>, and then execute <code class="command">modprobe oprofile timer=1</code> to enable the <code class="computeroutput">timer</code> mode.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Non-CPU-limited performance problems</em></span> — OProfile is oriented to finding problems with CPU-limited processes. OProfile does not identify processes that are asleep because they are waiting on locks or for some other event to occur (for example an I/O device to finish an operation).
- </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-overview-tools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.1. Overview of Tools</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263465501136" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-overview-tools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.1. Overview of Tools</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225364215712" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="#tb-oprofile-tools">Table 20.1, “OProfile Commands”</a> provides a brief overview of the most commonly used tools provided with the <code class="filename">oprofile</code> package.
</div><div class="table" id="tb-oprofile-tools"><h6>Table 20.1. OProfile Commands</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="OProfile Commands" border="1"><colgroup><col width="29%" class="command" /><col width="71%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Command
@@ -10421,11 +10421,11 @@ HOME=/
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s2-operf_vs_opcontrol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.1.1. operf vs. opcontrol</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
There are two mutually exclusive methods for collecting profiling data with OProfile. You can either use the newer and preferred <code class="command">operf</code> or the <code class="command">opcontrol</code> tool.
- </div><h4 id="idm263486981888">operf</h4><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="idm225453798624">operf</h4><div class="para">
This is the recommended mode for profiling. The <code class="command">operf</code> tool uses the Linux Performance Events Subsystem, and therefore does not require the <span class="emphasis"><em>oprofile</em></span> kernel driver. The <code class="command">operf</code> tool allows you to target your profiling more precisely, as a single process or system-wide, and also allows OProfile to co-exist better with other tools using the performance monitoring hardware on your system. Unlike <code class="command">opcontrol</code>, it can be used without the <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges. However, <code class="command">operf</code> is also capable of system-wide operations with use of the <code class="option">--system-wide</code> option, where root authority is required.
</div><div class="para">
With <code class="command">operf</code>, there is no initial setup needed. You can invoke <code class="command">operf</code> with command-line options to specify your profiling settings. After that, you can run the OProfile post-processing tools described in <a class="xref" href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">Section 20.6, “Analyzing the Data”</a>. See <a class="xref" href="#s1-using-operf">Section 20.2, “Using operf”</a> for further information.
- </div><h4 id="idm263487254896">opcontrol</h4><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="idm225459132352">opcontrol</h4><div class="para">
This mode consists of the <code class="command">opcontrol</code> shell script, the <code class="systemitem">oprofiled</code> daemon, and several post-processing tools. The <code class="command">opcontrol</code> command is used for configuring, starting, and stopping a profiling session. An OProfile kernel driver, usually built as a kernel module, is used for collecting samples, which are then recorded into sample files by <code class="systemitem">oprofiled</code>. You can use legacy mode only if you have <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges. In certain cases, such as when you need to sample areas with disabled interrupt request (IRQ), this is a better alternative.
</div><div class="para">
Before OProfile can be run in legacy mode, it must be configured as shown in <a class="xref" href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">Section 20.3, “Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode”</a>. These settings are then applied when starting OProfile (<a class="xref" href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Section 20.4, “Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode”</a>).
@@ -10499,21 +10499,21 @@ Your kernel's Performance Events Subsystem does not support your processor type
The <code class="option">--separate-thread</code> option categorizes samples by thread group ID (tgid) and thread ID (tid). This is useful for seeing per-thread samples in multi-threaded applications. When used in conjunction with the <code class="option">--system-wide</code> option, <code class="option">--separate-thread</code> is also useful for seeing per-process (i.e., per-thread group) samples for the case where multiple processes are executing the same program during a profiling run.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="option">--separate-cpu</code> option categorizes samples by CPU.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263490906976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490905536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263448451616" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225420436304" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225420434864" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462848400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Before OProfile can be run in legacy mode, it must be configured. At a minimum, selecting to monitor the kernel (or selecting not to monitor the kernel) is required. The following sections describe how to use the <code class="command">opcontrol</code> utility to configure OProfile. As the <code class="command">opcontrol</code> commands are executed, the setup options are saved to the <code class="filename">/root/.oprofile/daemonrc</code> file.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-kernel"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.3.1. Specifying the Kernel</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263448446928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-kernel"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.3.1. Specifying the Kernel</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225443570960" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
First, configure whether OProfile should monitor the kernel. This is the only configuration option that is required before starting OProfile. All others are optional.
</div><div class="para">
To monitor the kernel, execute the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
- </div><a id="idm263471916048" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --setup --vmlinux=/usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/`uname -r`/vmlinux</code></pre><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Install the debuginfo package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225443567760" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --setup --vmlinux=/usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/`uname -r`/vmlinux</code></pre><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Install the debuginfo package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to monitor the kernel, the <span class="package">debuginfo</span> package which contains the uncompressed kernel must be installed.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
To configure OProfile not to monitor the kernel, execute the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
- </div><a id="idm263488188112" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --setup --no-vmlinux</code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225472271152" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --setup --no-vmlinux</code></pre><div class="para">
This command also loads the <code class="computeroutput">oprofile</code> kernel module, if it is not already loaded, and creates the <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> directory, if it does not already exist. See <a class="xref" href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">Section 20.7, “Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory ”</a> for details about this directory.
</div><div class="para">
Setting whether samples should be collected within the kernel only changes what data is collected, not how or where the collected data is stored. To generate different sample files for the kernel and application libraries, see <a class="xref" href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">Section 20.3.3, “Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles”</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-events"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263437675344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-events"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225452091168" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most processors contain <em class="firstterm">counters</em>, which are used by OProfile to monitor specific events. As shown in <a class="xref" href="#tb-oprofile-processors">Table 20.3, “OProfile Processors and Counters”</a>, the number of counters available depends on the processor.
</div><div class="table" id="tb-oprofile-processors"><h6>Table 20.3. OProfile Processors and Counters</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="OProfile Processors and Counters" border="1"><colgroup><col width="43%" class="option" /><col width="29%" class="description" /><col width="29%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Processor
@@ -10837,7 +10837,7 @@ Your kernel's Performance Events Subsystem does not support your processor type
The number of events that can be monitored at one time is determined by the number of counters for the processor. However, it is not a one-to-one correlation; on some processors, certain events must be mapped to specific counters. To determine the number of counters available, execute the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">ls -d /dev/oprofile/[0-9]*</code></pre><div class="para">
The events available vary depending on the processor type. To determine the events available for profiling, execute the following command as root (the list is specific to the system's processor type):
- </div><a id="idm263462584416" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263462582496" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">ophelp</code></pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure that OProfile is configured</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225363564080" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225474152384" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">ophelp</code></pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure that OProfile is configured</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Unless OProfile is properly configured, <code class="command">ophelp</code> fails with the following error message:
</div><pre class="screen">Unable to open cpu_type file for reading
Make sure you have done opcontrol --init
@@ -10850,7 +10850,7 @@ you should upgrade oprofile or force the use of timer mode</pre><div class="para
To set the event for each configurable counter via the command line, use <code class="command">opcontrol</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --event=<em class="replaceable"><code>event-name</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>event-name</code></em> with the exact name of the event from <code class="command">ophelp</code>, and replace <em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em> with the number of events between samples.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-oprofile-events-sampling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">20.3.2.1. Sampling Rate</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474910192" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-oprofile-events-sampling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">20.3.2.1. Sampling Rate</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225438795056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, a time-based event set is selected. It creates a sample every 100,000 clock cycles per processor. If the timer interrupt is used, the timer is set to the respective rate and is not user-settable. If the <code class="computeroutput">cpu_type</code> is not <code class="computeroutput">timer</code>, each event can have a <em class="firstterm">sampling rate</em> set for it. The sampling rate is the number of events between each sample snapshot.
</div><div class="para">
When setting the event for the counter, a sample rate can also be specified:
@@ -10858,13 +10858,13 @@ you should upgrade oprofile or force the use of timer mode</pre><div class="para
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em> with the number of events to wait before sampling again. The smaller the count, the more frequent the samples. For events that do not happen frequently, a lower count may be needed to capture the event instances.
</div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Sampling too frequently can overload the system</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Be extremely careful when setting sampling rates. Sampling too frequently can overload the system, causing the system to appear frozen or causing the system to actually freeze.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">20.3.2.2. Unit Masks</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263497461792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">20.3.2.2. Unit Masks</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225465925408" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Some user performance monitoring events may also require unit masks to further define the event.
</div><div class="para">
Unit masks for each event are listed with the <code class="command">ophelp</code> command. The values for each unit mask are listed in hexadecimal format. To specify more than one unit mask, the hexadecimal values must be combined using a bitwise <em class="firstterm">or</em> operation.
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --event=<em class="replaceable"><code>event-name</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>unit-mask</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
Note that on certain architectures, there can be multiple unit masks with the same hexadecimal value. In that case they have to be specified by their names only.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-starting-separate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263497454144" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-starting-separate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225469588272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, kernel mode and user mode information is gathered for each event. To configure OProfile to ignore events in kernel mode for a specific counter, execute the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --event=<em class="replaceable"><code>event-name</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>unit-mask</code></em>:0</code></pre><div class="para">
Execute the following command to start profiling kernel mode for the counter again:
@@ -10888,13 +10888,13 @@ you should upgrade oprofile or force the use of timer mode</pre><div class="para
If <code class="option">--separate=library</code> is used, the sample file name includes the name of the executable as well as the name of the library.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Restart the OProfile profiler</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
These configuration changes will take effect when the OProfile profiler is restarted.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263491299840" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225457774704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start monitoring the system with OProfile, execute the following command as root:
- </div><a id="idm263523701296" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --start</code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225457772704" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --start</code></pre><div class="para">
Output similar to the following is displayed:
</div><pre class="screen">Using log file /var/lib/oprofile/oprofiled.log Daemon started. Profiler running.</pre><div class="para">
The settings in <code class="filename">/root/.oprofile/daemonrc</code> are used.
- </div><a id="idm263523695792" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263481619520" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263481617920" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225490204064" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225490202144" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225490200544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The OProfile daemon, <code class="command">oprofiled</code>, is started; it periodically writes the sample data to the <code class="filename">/var/lib/oprofile/samples/</code> directory. The log file for the daemon is located at <code class="filename">/var/lib/oprofile/oprofiled.log</code>.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Disable the nmi_watchdog registers</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
On a Fedora 24 system, the <code class="computeroutput">nmi_watchdog</code> registers with the <code class="computeroutput">perf</code> subsystem. Due to this, the <code class="computeroutput">perf</code> subsystem grabs control of the performance counter registers at boot time, blocking OProfile from working.
@@ -10904,7 +10904,7 @@ you should upgrade oprofile or force the use of timer mode</pre><div class="para
To re-enable <code class="computeroutput">nmi_watchdog</code>, use the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog</code></pre></div></div><div class="para">
To stop the profiler, execute the following command as root:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --shutdown</code></pre></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-saving-data"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263443389632" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --shutdown</code></pre></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-saving-data"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225459107008" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Sometimes it is useful to save samples at a specific time. For example, when profiling an executable, it may be useful to gather different samples based on different input data sets. If the number of events to be monitored exceeds the number of counters available for the processor, multiple runs of OProfile can be used to collect data, saving the sample data to different files each time.
</div><div class="para">
To save the current set of sample files, execute the following command, replacing <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> with a unique descriptive name for the current session:
@@ -10912,7 +10912,7 @@ you should upgrade oprofile or force the use of timer mode</pre><div class="para
The command creates the directory <code class="filename">/var/lib/oprofile/samples/<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>/</code> and the current sample files are copied to it.
</div><div class="para">
To specify the session directory to hold the sample data, use the <code class="option">--session-dir</code> option. If not specified, the data is saved in the <code class="filename">oprofile_data/</code> directory on the current path.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.6. Analyzing the Data</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263481419072" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.6. Analyzing the Data</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225470801776" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The same OProfile post-processing tools are used whether you collect your profile with <code class="command">operf</code> or <code class="command">opcontrol</code> in legacy mode.
</div><div class="para">
By default, <code class="command">operf</code> stores the profiling data in the <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>current_dir</code></em>/oprofile_data/</code> directory. You can change to a different location with the <code class="option">--session-dir</code> option. The usual post-profiling analysis tools such as <code class="command">opreport</code> and <code class="command">opannotate</code> can be used to generate profile reports. These tools search for samples in <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>current_dir</code></em>/oprofile_data/</code> first. If this directory does not exist, the analysis tools use the standard session directory of <code class="filename">/var/lib/oprofile/</code>. Statistics, such as total samples received and lost samples, are written to the <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>session_dir</code></em>/samples/operf.log</code> file.
@@ -10932,7 +10932,7 @@ you should upgrade oprofile or force the use of timer mode</pre><div class="para
The executable being profiled must be used with these tools to analyze the data. If it must change after the data is collected, back up the executable used to create the samples as well as the sample files. Note that the names of the sample file and the binary have to agree. You cannot make a backup if these names do not match. As an alternative, <code class="command">oparchive</code> can be used to address this problem.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
Samples for each executable are written to a single sample file. Samples from each dynamically linked library are also written to a single sample file. While OProfile is running, if the executable being monitored changes and a sample file for the executable exists, the existing sample file is automatically deleted. Thus, if the existing sample file is needed, it must be backed up, along with the executable used to create it before replacing the executable with a new version. The OProfile analysis tools use the executable file that created the samples during analysis. If the executable changes, the analysis tools will be unable to analyze the associated samples. See <a class="xref" href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">Section 20.5, “Saving Data in Legacy Mode”</a> for details on how to back up the sample file.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.6.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263479593328" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479591408" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.6.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225404138128" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225404136208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">opreport</code> tool provides an overview of all the executables being profiled. The following is part of a sample output from the <code class="command">opreport</code> command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">opreport</code>
Profiling through timer interrupt
@@ -10964,7 +10964,7 @@ samples| %|
Each executable is listed on its own line. The first column is the number of samples recorded for the executable. The second column is the percentage of samples relative to the total number of samples. The third column is the name of the executable.
</div><div class="para">
See the <code class="systemitem">opreport(1)</code> manual page for a list of available command-line options, such as the <code class="option">-r</code> option used to sort the output from the executable with the smallest number of samples to the one with the largest number of samples. You can also use the <code class="option">-t</code> or <code class="option">--threshold</code> option to trim the output of <code class="command">opcontrol</code>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263438488368" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478991664" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225443627472" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225443910816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To retrieve more detailed profiled information about a specific executable, use the <code class="command">opreport</code> command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opreport <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>executable</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>executable</code></em> with the full path to the executable to be analyzed. <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em> stands for one of the following options:
@@ -11032,7 +11032,7 @@ samples| %|
With this option, you can exclude some symbols from the output. Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>symbol-name</code></em> with the comma-separated list of symbols you want to exclude.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">session</code>:<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Here, you can specify the full path to the session, a directory relative to the <code class="filename">/var/lib/oprofile/samples/</code> directory, or if you are using <code class="command">operf</code>, a directory relative to <code class="filename">./oprofile_data/samples/</code>.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-module-output"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263523200432" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263523198512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-module-output"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225446559408" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225422373136" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OProfile collects data on a system-wide basis for kernel- and user-space code running on the machine. However, once a module is loaded into the kernel, the information about the origin of the kernel module is lost. The module could come from the <code class="filename">initrd</code> file on boot up, the directory with the various kernel modules, or a locally created kernel module. As a result, when OProfile records samples for a module, it just lists the samples for the modules for an executable in the root directory, but this is unlikely to be the place with the actual code for the module. You will need to take some steps to make sure that analysis tools get the proper executable.
</div><div class="para">
To get a more detailed view of the actions of the module, you will need to either have the module "unstripped" (that is installed from a custom build) or have the <span class="package">debuginfo</span> package installed for the kernel.
@@ -11060,7 +11060,7 @@ samples % symbol name
583 3.5361 ext4_xattr_get
479 2.9053 ext4_htree_store_dirent
469 2.8447 ext4_get_group_desc
-414 2.5111 ext4_dx_find_entry</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.6.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263452883328" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496881472" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+414 2.5111 ext4_dx_find_entry</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.6.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225457081072" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225442994720" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">opannotate</code> tool tries to match the samples for particular instructions to the corresponding lines in the source code. The resulting generated files should have the samples for the lines at the left. It also puts in a comment at the beginning of each function listing the total samples for the function.
</div><div class="para">
For this utility to work, the appropriate <span class="package">debuginfo</span> package for the executable must be installed on the system. On Fedora, the <span class="package">debuginfo</span> packages are not automatically installed with the corresponding packages that contain the executable. You have to obtain and install them separately.
@@ -11068,7 +11068,7 @@ samples % symbol name
The general syntax for <code class="command">opannotate</code> is as follows:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opannotate --search-dirs <em class="replaceable"><code>src-dir</code></em> --source <em class="replaceable"><code>executable</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
These command-line options are mandatory. Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>src-dir</code></em> with a path to the directory containing the source code and specify the executable to be analyzed. See the <code class="systemitem">opannotate(1)</code> manual page for a list of additional command line options.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263453012288" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263453010384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225421351552" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225421349648" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When using OProfile in legacy mode, the <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> directory is used to store the file system for OProfile. On the other hand, <code class="command">operf</code> does not require <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code>. Use the <code class="command">cat</code> command to display the values of the virtual files in this file system. For example, the following command displays the type of processor OProfile detected:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">cat /dev/oprofile/cpu_type</code></pre><div class="para">
A directory exists in <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> for each counter. For example, if there are 2 counters, the directories <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/0/</code> and <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/1/</code> exist.
@@ -11096,7 +11096,7 @@ samples % symbol name
<span class="emphasis"><em>Determine which applications and services are used the most on a system</em></span> — <code class="command">opreport</code> can be used to determine how much processor time an application or service uses. If the system is used for multiple services but is underperforming, the services consuming the most processor time can be moved to dedicated systems.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Determine processor usage</em></span> — The <code class="computeroutput">CPU_CLK_UNHALTED</code> event can be monitored to determine the processor load over a given period of time. This data can then be used to determine if additional processors or a faster processor might improve system performance.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-java-support"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.9. OProfile Support for Java</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263498690320" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-java-support"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.9. OProfile Support for Java</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225456277648" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OProfile allows you to profile dynamically compiled code (also known as "just-in-time" or JIT code) of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). OProfile in Fedora 24 includes built-in support for the JVM Tools Interface (JVMTI) agent library, which supports Java 1.5 and higher.
</div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-java-profiling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.9.1. Profiling Java Code</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To profile JIT code from the Java Virtual Machine with the JVMTI agent, add the following to the JVM startup parameters:
@@ -11112,7 +11112,7 @@ samples % symbol name
After successful setup, you can apply the standard profiling and analyzing tools described in previous sections
</div><div class="para">
To learn more about Java support in OProfile, see the OProfile Manual, which is linked from <a class="xref" href="#s1-oprofile_additional_resources">Section 20.12, “Additional Resources”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-gui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.10. Graphical Interface</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263478706624" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-gui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.10. Graphical Interface</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225454939424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Some OProfile preferences can be set with a graphical interface. Make sure you have the <code class="filename">oprofile-gui</code> package that provides the OProfile GUI installed on your system. To start the interface, execute the <code class="command">oprof_start</code> command as root at a shell prompt.
</div><div class="para">
After changing any of the options, save them by clicking the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Save and quit</strong></span> button. The preferences are written to <code class="filename">/root/.oprofile/daemonrc</code>, and the application exits. Exiting the application does not stop OProfile from sampling.
@@ -11140,7 +11140,7 @@ samples % symbol name
To force data to be written to samples files as discussed in <a class="xref" href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">Section 20.6, “Analyzing the Data”</a>, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Flush</strong></span> button. This is equivalent to the <code class="command">opcontrol --dump</code> command.
</div><div class="para">
To start OProfile from the graphical interface, click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Start</strong></span>. To stop the profiler, click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Stop</strong></span>. Exiting the application does not stop OProfile from sampling.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.11. OProfile and SystemTap</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263445093104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.11. OProfile and SystemTap</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225422467904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
SystemTap is a tracing and probing tool that allows users to study and monitor the activities of the operating system in fine detail. It provides information similar to the output of tools like <code class="command">netstat</code>, <code class="command">ps</code>, <code class="command">top</code>, and <code class="command">iostat</code>; however, SystemTap is designed to provide more filtering and analysis options for the collected information.
</div><div class="para">
While using OProfile is suggested in cases of collecting data on where and why the processor spends time in a particular area of code, it is less usable when finding out why the processor stays idle.
@@ -11148,7 +11148,7 @@ samples % symbol name
You might want to use SystemTap when instrumenting specific places in code. Because SystemTap allows you to run the code instrumentation without having to stop and restart the instrumented code, it is particularly useful for instrumenting the kernel and daemons.
</div><div class="para">
For more information on SystemTap, see <a class="xref" href="#br-oprofile_online_documentation">the section called “Online Documentation”</a> for the relevant SystemTap documentation.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile_additional_resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.12. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263445085344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile_additional_resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.12. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225457393200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To learn more about OProfile and how to configure it, see the following resources.
</div><h3 id="br-oprofile_installed_documentation">Installed Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/oprofile/oprofile.html</code> — <em class="citetitle">OProfile Manual</em>
@@ -11160,9 +11160,9 @@ samples % symbol name
<a href="http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/">http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/</a> — Contains the latest upstream documentation, mailing lists, IRC channels, and more.
</div></li></ul></div><h3 id="br-oprofile_see_also">See Also</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/ht…">SystemTap Beginners Guide</a> — Provides basic instructions on how to use SystemTap to monitor different subsystems of Fedora in finer detail.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm263490875632"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm225476285088"><div></div><div class="para">
This part covers various tools that assist administrators with kernel customization.
- </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Introduction_to_GRUB_2">21.1. Introduction to GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu">21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool">21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File">21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="
#sec-Changing_the_Default_Boot_Entry">21.5.1. Changing the Default Boot Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry">21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Adding_a_new_Entry">21.5.3. Adding a new Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu">21.5.4. Creating a Custom Menu</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection">21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Up_Users_and_Password_Protection_Specifying_Menu_Entries">21.6.1. Setting Up Users and Password Protection, Specifying Menu Entries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Password_Encryption">21.6.2. Password Encryption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2">21.7. Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sectio
n"><a href="#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_BIOS-Based_Machines">21.7.1. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on BIOS-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_UEFI-Based_Machines">21.7.2. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on UEFI-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Resetting_and_Reinstalling_GRUB_2">21.7.3. Resetting and Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console">21.8. GRUB 2 over a Serial Console</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Menu">21.8.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_screen_to_Connect_to_the_Serial_Console">21.8.2. Using screen to Connect to the Serial Console</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot">21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section">
<a href="#sec-Booting_to_Rescue_Mode">21.9.1. Booting to Rescue Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode">21.9.2. Booting to Emergency Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password">21.9.3. Changing and Resetting the Root Password</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot">21.10. UEFI Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot_Support_in_Fedora">21.10.1. UEFI Secure Boot Support in Fedora</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader-Additional_Resources">21.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-packages">22.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-preparing">22.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-download">22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">22.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">22.6.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries">22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a hre
f="#ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules">23. Working with Kernel Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">23.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">23.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">23.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">23.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">23.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot">23.7. Signing Kernel Modules for Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-prerequisites">23.
7.1. Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-kernel-module-authentication">23.7.2. Kernel Module Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-generating-a-public-private-x509-key-pair">23.7.3. Generating a Public and Private X.509 Key Pair</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-enrolling-public-key-on-target-system">23.7.4. Enrolling Public Key on Target System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-signing-kernel-module-with-the-private-key">23.7.5. Signing Kernel Module with the Private Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-loading-signed-kernel-module">23.7.6. Loading Signed Kernel Module</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources">23.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader" lang="en-US"><div class="t
itlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Introduction_to_GRUB_2">21.1. Introduction to GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu">21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool">21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File">21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Changing_the_Default_Boot_Entry">21.5.1. Changing the Default Boot Entry</
a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry">21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Adding_a_new_Entry">21.5.3. Adding a new Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu">21.5.4. Creating a Custom Menu</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection">21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Up_Users_and_Password_Protection_Specifying_Menu_Entries">21.6.1. Setting Up Users and Password Protection, Specifying Menu Entries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Password_Encryption">21.6.2. Password Encryption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2">21.7. Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_BIOS-Based_Machines">21.7.1. Reinstalling G
RUB 2 on BIOS-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_UEFI-Based_Machines">21.7.2. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on UEFI-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Resetting_and_Reinstalling_GRUB_2">21.7.3. Resetting and Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console">21.8. GRUB 2 over a Serial Console</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Menu">21.8.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_screen_to_Connect_to_the_Serial_Console">21.8.2. Using screen to Connect to the Serial Console</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot">21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Booting_to_Rescue_Mode">21.9.1. Booting to Rescue Mode</a></span>
</dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode">21.9.2. Booting to Emergency Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password">21.9.3. Changing and Resetting the Root Password</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot">21.10. UEFI Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot_Support_in_Fedora">21.10.1. UEFI Secure Boot Support in Fedora</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader-Additional_Resources">21.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm263453153536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263435660352" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477688304" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263472082176" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Introduction_to_GRUB_2">21.1. Introduction to GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu">21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool">21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File">21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="
#sec-Changing_the_Default_Boot_Entry">21.5.1. Changing the Default Boot Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry">21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Adding_a_new_Entry">21.5.3. Adding a new Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu">21.5.4. Creating a Custom Menu</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection">21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Up_Users_and_Password_Protection_Specifying_Menu_Entries">21.6.1. Setting Up Users and Password Protection, Specifying Menu Entries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Password_Encryption">21.6.2. Password Encryption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2">21.7. Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sectio
n"><a href="#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_BIOS-Based_Machines">21.7.1. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on BIOS-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_UEFI-Based_Machines">21.7.2. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on UEFI-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Resetting_and_Reinstalling_GRUB_2">21.7.3. Resetting and Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console">21.8. GRUB 2 over a Serial Console</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Menu">21.8.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_screen_to_Connect_to_the_Serial_Console">21.8.2. Using screen to Connect to the Serial Console</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot">21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section">
<a href="#sec-Booting_to_Rescue_Mode">21.9.1. Booting to Rescue Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode">21.9.2. Booting to Emergency Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password">21.9.3. Changing and Resetting the Root Password</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot">21.10. UEFI Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot_Support_in_Fedora">21.10.1. UEFI Secure Boot Support in Fedora</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader-Additional_Resources">21.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-packages">22.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-preparing">22.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-download">22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">22.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">22.6.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries">22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a hre
f="#ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules">23. Working with Kernel Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">23.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">23.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">23.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">23.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">23.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot">23.7. Signing Kernel Modules for Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-prerequisites">23.
7.1. Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-kernel-module-authentication">23.7.2. Kernel Module Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-generating-a-public-private-x509-key-pair">23.7.3. Generating a Public and Private X.509 Key Pair</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-enrolling-public-key-on-target-system">23.7.4. Enrolling Public Key on Target System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-signing-kernel-module-with-the-private-key">23.7.5. Signing Kernel Module with the Private Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-loading-signed-kernel-module">23.7.6. Loading Signed Kernel Module</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources">23.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader" lang="en-US"><div class="t
itlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Introduction_to_GRUB_2">21.1. Introduction to GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu">21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool">21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File">21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Changing_the_Default_Boot_Entry">21.5.1. Changing the Default Boot Entry</
a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry">21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Adding_a_new_Entry">21.5.3. Adding a new Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu">21.5.4. Creating a Custom Menu</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection">21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Up_Users_and_Password_Protection_Specifying_Menu_Entries">21.6.1. Setting Up Users and Password Protection, Specifying Menu Entries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Password_Encryption">21.6.2. Password Encryption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2">21.7. Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_BIOS-Based_Machines">21.7.1. Reinstalling G
RUB 2 on BIOS-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_UEFI-Based_Machines">21.7.2. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on UEFI-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Resetting_and_Reinstalling_GRUB_2">21.7.3. Resetting and Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console">21.8. GRUB 2 over a Serial Console</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Menu">21.8.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_screen_to_Connect_to_the_Serial_Console">21.8.2. Using screen to Connect to the Serial Console</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot">21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Booting_to_Rescue_Mode">21.9.1. Booting to Rescue Mode</a></span>
</dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode">21.9.2. Booting to Emergency Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password">21.9.3. Changing and Resetting the Root Password</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot">21.10. UEFI Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot_Support_in_Fedora">21.10.1. UEFI Secure Boot Support in Fedora</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader-Additional_Resources">21.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm225495116512" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225471651568" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462213232" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225431539552" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora 24 is distributed with the GNU GRand Unified Boot loader (GRUB) version 2 boot loader, which allows the user to select an operating system or kernel to be loaded at system boot time. GRUB 2 also allows the user to pass arguments to the kernel.
</div><div class="section" id="sec-Introduction_to_GRUB_2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">21.1. Introduction to GRUB 2</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
GRUB 2 reads its configuration from the <code class="filename">/boot/grub2/grub.cfg</code> file on traditional BIOS-based machines and from the <code class="filename">/boot/efi/EFI/fedora/grub.cfg</code> file on UEFI machines. This file contains menu information.
@@ -11740,17 +11740,17 @@ Enforcing</pre>
<code class="filename">new-kernel-pkg(8)</code> — The manual page for the tool to script kernel installation.
</div></li></ul></div><h3 id="bh-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader-External_Documentation">External Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide"> Fedora Installation Guide</a> — The Installation Guide provides basic information on GRUB 2, for example, installation, terminology, interfaces, and commands.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-packages">22.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-preparing">22.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-download">22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">22.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ker
nel-boot-loader-grub">22.6.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries">22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm263487338112" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263494031328" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263433557600" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263492675040" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-packages">22.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-preparing">22.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-download">22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">22.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ker
nel-boot-loader-grub">22.6.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries">22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm225444688480" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225473359872" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225460287472" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225456788992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Fedora kernel is custom-built by the Fedora kernel team to ensure its integrity and compatibility with supported hardware. Before a kernel is released, it must first pass a rigorous set of quality assurance tests.
</div><div class="para">
Fedora kernels are packaged in the RPM format so that they are easy to upgrade and verify using the <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> package managers. <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> automatically queries the DNF repositories and informs you of packages with available updates, including kernel packages.
</div><div class="para">
This chapter is therefore <span class="emphasis"><em>only</em></span> useful for users who need to manually update a kernel package using the <code class="command">rpm</code> command instead of <code class="command">dnf</code>.
- </div><a id="idm263495710864" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480441136" class="indexterm"></a><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Use DNF to install kernels whenever possible</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225448825520" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225461366768" class="indexterm"></a><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Use DNF to install kernels whenever possible</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Whenever possible, use either the <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> package manager to install a new kernel because they always <span class="emphasis"><em>install</em></span> a new kernel instead of replacing the current one, which could potentially leave your system unable to boot.
- </div></div></div><a id="idm263489296208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><a id="idm225455983920" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For more information on installing kernel packages with <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span>, see <a class="xref" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Section 6.1.2, “Updating Packages”</a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263470715424" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263470713984" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263516552976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263516551088" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263516549200" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263516546704" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474310896" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474308976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474307056" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489055152" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489053232" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225460314240" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225460312800" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225453114736" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225453112848" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225443476656" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225469392368" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225469390448" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454466096" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454464176" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225437258240" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225437256320" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora contains the following kernel packages:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="package">kernel</span> — Contains the kernel for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems.
@@ -11770,7 +11770,7 @@ Enforcing</pre>
<span class="package">kernel-abi-whitelists</span> — Contains information pertaining to the Fedora kernel ABI, including a lists of kernel symbols that are needed by external Linux kernel modules and a <span class="package">dnf</span> plug-in to aid enforcement.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="package">kernel-tools</span> — Contains tools for manipulating the Linux kernel and supporting documentation.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-preparing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.2. Preparing to Upgrade</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263436644640" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263436643680" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263436641760" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263449471584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-preparing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.2. Preparing to Upgrade</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225454390560" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454389600" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454387680" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225428415568" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Before upgrading the kernel, it is recommended that you take some precautionary steps.
</div><div class="para">
First, ensure that working boot media exists for the system in case a problem occurs. If the boot loader is not configured properly to boot the new kernel, you can use this media to boot into Fedora.
@@ -11815,7 +11815,7 @@ kernel-modules.x86_64 4.0.3-300.fc22 @System
kernel-modules.x86_64 4.0.4-300.fc22 @System
kernel-modules.x86_64 4.0.4-301.fc22 @System</pre><div class="para">
From the output, determine which packages need to be downloaded for the kernel upgrade. For a single processor system, the only required package is the <span class="package">kernel</span> package. See <a class="xref" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Section 22.1, “Overview of Kernel Packages”</a> for descriptions of the different packages.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-download"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263462819200" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263462817760" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263430623952" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263430622096" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-download"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225428346160" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225428344720" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472989904" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472988048" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There are several ways to determine if an updated kernel is available for the system.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Security Advisories — See <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FSA">http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FSA</a> for information on Security Advisories, including kernel upgrades that fix security issues.
@@ -11823,7 +11823,7 @@ kernel-modules.x86_64 4.0.4-301.fc22 @System</p
Via Fedora Update System — Download and install the kernel RPM packages. For more information, refer to <a href="http://admin.fedoraproject.org/updates/">http://admin.fedoraproject.org/updates/</a>.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
To install the kernel manually, continue to <a class="xref" href="#s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">Section 22.4, “Performing the Upgrade”</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.4. Performing the Upgrade</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263452529888" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.4. Performing the Upgrade</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225444378544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
After retrieving all of the necessary packages, it is time to upgrade the existing kernel.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Keep the old kernel when performing the upgrade</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
It is strongly recommended that you keep the old kernel in case there are problems with the new kernel.
@@ -11831,7 +11831,7 @@ kernel-modules.x86_64 4.0.4-301.fc22 @System</p
At a shell prompt, change to the directory that contains the kernel RPM packages. Use <code class="option">-i</code> argument with the <code class="command">rpm</code> command to keep the old kernel. Do <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> use the <code class="option">-U</code> option, since it overwrites the currently installed kernel, which creates boot loader problems. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">rpm -ivh kernel-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>.<em class="replaceable"><code>arch</code></em>.rpm </code></pre><div class="para">
The next step is to verify that the initial RAM disk image has been created. See <a class="xref" href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">Section 22.5, “Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image”</a> for details.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263481268880" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225495926896" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The job of the initial RAM disk image is to preload the block device modules, such as for IDE, SCSI or RAID, so that the root file system, on which those modules normally reside, can then be accessed and mounted. On Fedora 24 systems, whenever a new kernel is installed using either the <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>, or <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> package manager, the <span class="application"><strong>Dracut</strong></span> utility is always called by the installation scripts to create an <em class="firstterm">initramfs</em> (initial RAM disk image).
</div><div class="para">
On all architectures other than IBM eServer System i (see <a class="xref" href="#bh-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image_and_Kernel_on_IBM_eServer_System_i">the section called “ Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image and Kernel on IBM eServer System i ”</a>), you can create an <code class="systemitem">initramfs</code> by running the <code class="command">dracut</code> command. However, you usually don't need to create an <code class="systemitem">initramfs</code> manually: this step is automatically performed if the kernel and its associated packages are installed or upgraded from RPM packages distributed by The Fedora Project.
@@ -11893,11 +11893,11 @@ Version: dracut-038-31.git20141204.fc21
initrd16 /initramfs-3.17.4-302.fc21.x86_64.img
initrd16 /initramfs-0-rescue-db90b4e3715b42daa871351439343ca4.img</pre><div class="para">
See <a class="xref" href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">Section 22.6, “Verifying the Boot Loader”</a> for more information on how to read and update the <code class="filename">/boot/grub2/grub.cfg</code> file.
- </div></li></ol></div><h3 id="bh-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image_and_Kernel_on_IBM_eServer_System_i"> Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image and Kernel on IBM eServer System i </h3><a id="idm263482840560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div><h3 id="bh-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image_and_Kernel_on_IBM_eServer_System_i"> Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image and Kernel on IBM eServer System i </h3><a id="idm225447881536" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
On IBM eServer System i machines, the initial RAM disk and kernel files are combined into a single file, which is created with the <code class="command">addRamDisk</code> command. This step is performed automatically if the kernel and its associated packages are installed or upgraded from the RPM packages distributed by The Fedora Project; thus, it does not need to be executed manually. To verify that it was created, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code> to make sure the <code class="filename">/boot/vmlinitrd-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em></code> file already exists:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">ls -l /boot/</code></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em> should match the version of the kernel just installed.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-boot-loader"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263492593536" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-boot-loader"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225470982368" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When you install a kernel using <code class="command">rpm</code>, the kernel package creates an entry in the boot loader configuration file for that new kernel. However, <code class="command">rpm</code> does <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> configure the new kernel to boot as the default kernel. You must do this manually when installing a new kernel with <code class="command">rpm</code>.
</div><div class="para">
It is always recommended to double-check the boot loader configuration file after installing a new kernel with <code class="command">rpm</code> to ensure that the configuration is correct. Otherwise, the system might not be able to boot into Fedora properly. If this happens, boot the system with the boot media created earlier and re-configure the boot loader.
@@ -11939,7 +11939,7 @@ Version: dracut-038-31.git20141204.fc21
z/IPL
</td><td class="">
—
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">22.6.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263518003456" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263518002016" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">22.6.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225458077664" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225458076224" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora 24 is distributed with GRUB 2, which reads its configuration from the <code class="filename">/boot/grub2/grub.cfg</code> file. This file is generated by the <span class="application"><strong>grub2-mkconfig</strong></span> utility based on Linux kernels located in the <code class="filename">/boot</code> directory, template files located in <code class="filename">/etc/grub.d/</code>, and custom settings in the <code class="filename">/etc/default/grub</code> file and is automatically updated each time you install a new kernel from an RPM package. To update this configuration file manually, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">grub2-mkconfig</code> <code class="option">-o</code> <code class="option">/boot/grub2/grub.cfg</code></pre><div class="para">
Among various code snippets and directives, the <code class="filename">/boot/grub2/grub.cfg</code> configuration file contains one or more <code class="literal">menuentry</code> blocks, each representing a single GRUB 2 boot menu entry. These blocks always start with the <code class="literal">menuentry</code> keyword followed by a title, list of options, and opening curly bracket, and end with a closing curly bracket. Anything between the opening and closing bracket should be indented. For example, the following is a sample <code class="literal">menuentry</code> block for Fedora 21 with Linux kernel 3.17.6-300.fc21.x86_64:
@@ -11969,7 +11969,7 @@ Version: dracut-038-31.git20141204.fc21
After installing a new kernel with <code class="command">rpm</code>, verify that <code class="filename">/boot/grub2/grub.cfg</code> is correct and reboot the computer into the new kernel. Ensure your hardware is detected by watching the boot process output. If GRUB 2 presents an error and is unable to boot into the new kernel, it is often easiest to try to boot into an alternative or older kernel so that you can fix the problem. Alternatively, use the boot media you created earlier to boot the system.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Causing the GRUB 2 boot menu to display</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If you set the <code class="option">GRUB_TIMEOUT</code> option in the <code class="filename">/etc/default/grub</code> file to <code class="constant">0</code>, GRUB 2 will not display its list of bootable kernels when the system starts up. In order to display this list when booting, press and hold any alphanumeric key while and immediately after BIOS information is displayed, and GRUB 2 will present you with the GRUB menu.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263469146400" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263469144960" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225447681216" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225447679776" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/boot/vmlinitrd-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel-version</code></em></code> file is installed when you upgrade the kernel. However, you must use the <code class="command">dd</code> command to configure the system to boot the new kernel.
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
As <code class="systemitem">root</code>, issue the command <code class="command">cat /proc/iSeries/mf/side</code> to determine the default side (either A, B, or C).
@@ -11994,7 +11994,7 @@ image=/vmlinuz-2.6.32-19.EL
Notice that the default is not set to the new kernel. The kernel in the first image is booted by default. To change the default kernel to boot either move its image stanza so that it is the first one listed or add the directive <code class="computeroutput">default</code> and set it to the <code class="computeroutput">label</code> of the image stanza that contains the new kernel.
</div><div class="para">
Begin testing the new kernel by rebooting the computer and watching the messages to ensure that the hardware is detected properly.
- </div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 23. Working with Kernel Modules</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">23.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">23.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">23.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">23.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">23.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s
ect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot">23.7. Signing Kernel Modules for Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-prerequisites">23.7.1. Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-kernel-module-authentication">23.7.2. Kernel Module Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-generating-a-public-private-x509-key-pair">23.7.3. Generating a Public and Private X.509 Key Pair</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-enrolling-public-key-on-target-system">23.7.4. Enrolling Public Key on Target System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-signing-kernel-module-with-the-private-key">23.7.5. Signing Kernel Module with the Private Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-loading-signed-kernel-module">23.7.6. Loading Signed Kernel Module</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources">23.8.
Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm263479532752" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263475756736" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263471009024" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 23. Working with Kernel Modules</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">23.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">23.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">23.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">23.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">23.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s
ect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot">23.7. Signing Kernel Modules for Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-prerequisites">23.7.1. Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-kernel-module-authentication">23.7.2. Kernel Module Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-generating-a-public-private-x509-key-pair">23.7.3. Generating a Public and Private X.509 Key Pair</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-enrolling-public-key-on-target-system">23.7.4. Enrolling Public Key on Target System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-signing-kernel-module-with-the-private-key">23.7.5. Signing Kernel Module with the Private Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-loading-signed-kernel-module">23.7.6. Loading Signed Kernel Module</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources">23.8.
Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm225445542720" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454458160" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225468214976" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Linux kernel is modular, which means it can extend its capabilities through the use of dynamically-loaded <em class="firstterm">kernel modules</em>. A kernel module can provide:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
a device driver which adds support for new hardware; or,
@@ -12017,7 +12017,7 @@ image=/vmlinuz-2.6.32-19.EL
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install kmod</code>
</pre><div class="para">
For more information on installing packages with DNF, see <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing">Section 6.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263433539552" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263433537664" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477108768" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225497824112" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225497822224" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225473065952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can list all kernel modules that are currently loaded into the kernel by running the <code class="command">lsmod</code> command, for example:
</div><pre class="screen">
~]$ <code class="command">lsmod</code>
@@ -12060,9 +12060,9 @@ nf_nat 21798 4 nf_nat_ipv4,nf_nat_ipv6,ip6table_nat,iptable_nat
the amount of memory it uses; and,
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
the sum total of processes that are using the module and other modules which depend on it, followed by a list of the names of those modules, if there are any. Using this list, you can first unload all the modules depending the module you want to unload. For more information, see <a class="xref" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Section 23.4, “Unloading a Module”</a>.
- </div></li></ul></div><a id="idm263465581520" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><a id="idm225443468928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Finally, note that <code class="command">lsmod</code> output is less verbose and considerably easier to read than the content of the <code class="filename">/proc/modules</code> pseudo-file.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263470179552" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263470177632" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263470175552" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225476145808" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225473526752" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225473524672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can display detailed information about a kernel module by running the <code class="command">modinfo <em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em></code> command.
</div><div class="note" id="note-Module_names_do_not_end_in_.ko"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Module names do not end in .ko</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When entering the name of a kernel module as an argument to one of the <span class="application"><strong>kmod</strong></span> utilities, do not append a <code class="filename">.ko</code> extension to the end of the name. Kernel module names do not have extensions; their corresponding files do.
@@ -12128,10 +12128,10 @@ parm: RxIntDelay:Receive Interrupt Delay (array of int)
parm: SmartPowerDownEnable:Enable PHY smart power down (array of int)
parm: TxAbsIntDelay:Transmit Absolute Interrupt Delay (array of int)
parm: TxIntDelay:Transmit Interrupt Delay (array of int)
-parm: WriteProtectNVM:Write-protect NVM [WARNING: disabling this can lead to corrupted NVM] (array of int)</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Loading_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.3. Loading a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263490829664" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490827744" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490825664" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+parm: WriteProtectNVM:Write-protect NVM [WARNING: disabling this can lead to corrupted NVM] (array of int)</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Loading_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.3. Loading a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225451061536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225451059616" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225451057536" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To load a kernel module, run <code class="command">modprobe <em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em></code> as <code class="systemitem">root</code>. For example, to load the <code class="systemitem">wacom</code> module, run:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">modprobe wacom</code>
-</pre><a id="idm263497189840" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre><a id="idm225474261248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, <code class="command">modprobe</code> attempts to load the module from <code class="filename">/lib/modules/<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>/kernel/drivers/</code>. In this directory, each type of module has its own subdirectory, such as <code class="filename">net/</code> and <code class="filename">scsi/</code>, for network and SCSI interface drivers respectively.
</div><div class="para">
Some modules have dependencies, which are other kernel modules that must be loaded before the module in question can be loaded. The <code class="command">modprobe</code> command always takes dependencies into account when performing operations. When you ask <code class="command">modprobe</code> to load a specific kernel module, it first examines the dependencies of that module, if there are any, and loads them if they are not already loaded into the kernel. <code class="command">modprobe</code> resolves dependencies recursively: it will load all dependencies of dependencies, and so on, if necessary, thus ensuring that all dependencies are always met.
@@ -12145,9 +12145,9 @@ insmod /lib/modules/3.17.4-302.fc21.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/libfc/libfc.ko.xz
insmod /lib/modules/3.17.4-302.fc21.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/fcoe/libfcoe.ko.xz
insmod /lib/modules/3.17.4-302.fc21.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe.ko.xz</pre><div class="para">
In this example, you can see that <code class="command">modprobe</code> loaded the <code class="systemitem">scsi_tgt</code>, <code class="systemitem">scsi_transport_fc</code>, <code class="systemitem">libfc</code> and <code class="systemitem">libfcoe</code> modules as dependencies before finally loading <code class="systemitem">fcoe</code>. Also note that <code class="command">modprobe</code> used the more primitive <code class="command">insmod</code> command to insert the modules into the running kernel.
- </div></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="idm263444151024" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263524287056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important" id="important-Always_use_modprobe_instead_of_insmod"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Always use modprobe instead of insmod!</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="idm225500406384" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225500404304" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important" id="important-Always_use_modprobe_instead_of_insmod"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Always use modprobe instead of insmod!</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although the <code class="command">insmod</code> command can also be used to load kernel modules, it does not resolve dependencies. Because of this, you should <span class="emphasis"><em>always</em></span> load modules using <code class="command">modprobe</code> instead.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Unloading_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.4. Unloading a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263524281136" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263524279696" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263524277616" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Unloading_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.4. Unloading a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225472072080" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472070640" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472068560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can unload a kernel module by running <code class="command">modprobe -r <em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em> </code> as <code class="systemitem">root</code>. For example, assuming that the <code class="systemitem">wacom</code> module is already loaded into the kernel, you can unload it by running:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">modprobe -r wacom</code>
</pre><div class="para">
@@ -12177,9 +12177,9 @@ rmmod firewire_ohci
rmmod firewire_core
rmmod crc_itu_t</pre><div class="para">
The output shows that modules are unloaded in the reverse order that they are loaded, given that no processes depend on any of the modules being unloaded.
- </div></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="idm263495127456" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263390578880" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important" id="important-Do_not_use_rmmod_directly"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use rmmod directly!</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="idm225440488608" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225440486528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important" id="important-Do_not_use_rmmod_directly"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use rmmod directly!</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although the <code class="command">rmmod</code> command can be used to unload kernel modules, it is recommended to use <code class="command">modprobe -r</code> instead.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.5. Setting Module Parameters</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263390573696" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263390572256" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.5. Setting Module Parameters</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225495340096" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225495338656" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Like the kernel itself, modules can also take parameters that change their behavior. Most of the time, the default ones work well, but occasionally it is necessary or desirable to set custom parameters for a module. Because parameters cannot be dynamically set for a module that is already loaded into a running kernel, there are two different methods for setting them.
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
You can unload all dependencies of the module you want to set parameters for, unload the module using <code class="command">modprobe -r</code>, and then load it with <code class="command">modprobe</code> along with a list of customized parameters. This method is often used when the module does not have many dependencies, or to test different combinations of parameters without making them persistent, and is the method covered in this section.
@@ -12214,7 +12214,7 @@ rmmod crc_itu_t</pre><div class="para">
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">modprobe e1000e InterruptThrottleRate=3000,3000,3000 debug=1</code>
</pre><div class="para">
This example illustrates passing multiple values to a single parameter by separating them with commas and omitting any spaces between them.
- </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.6. Persistent Module Loading</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263450683792" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263450681872" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.6. Persistent Module Loading</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225491126352" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225491124432" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
As shown in <a class="xref" href="#ex-Listing_information_about_a_kernel_module_with_lsmod">Example 23.1, “Listing information about a kernel module with lsmod”</a>, many kernel modules are loaded automatically at boot time. You can specify additional modules to be loaded by the <code class="systemitem">systemd-modules-load.service</code> daemon by creating a <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>program</code></em>.conf</code> file in the <code class="filename">/etc/modules-load.d/</code> directory, where <em class="replaceable"><code>program</code></em> is any descriptive name of your choice. The files in <code class="filename">/etc/modules-load.d/</code> are text files that list the modules to be loaded, one per line.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-A_Text_File_to_Load_a_Module"><h6>Example 23.6. A Text File to Load a Module</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
To create a file to load the <code class="filename">virtio-net.ko</code> module, create a file <code class="filename">/etc/modules-load.d/virtio-net.conf</code> with the following content:
@@ -12222,7 +12222,7 @@ rmmod crc_itu_t</pre><div class="para">
virtio-net</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para">
See the <code class="filename">modules-load.d(5)</code> and <code class="filename">systemd-modules-load.service(8)</code> man pages for more information.
</div></div><div class="section" id="sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.7. Signing Kernel Modules for Secure Boot</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
- Fedora includes support for the UEFI Secure Boot feature, which means that Fedora can be installed and run on systems where UEFI Secure Boot is enabled. <a href="#ftn.idm263491681584" class="footnote"><sup class="footnote" id="idm263491681584">[2]</sup></a> When Secure Boot is enabled, the EFI operating system boot loaders, the Fedora kernel, and all kernel modules must be signed with a private key and authenticated with the corresponding public key. The Fedora distribution includes signed boot loaders, signed kernels, and signed kernel modules. In addition, the signed first-stage boot loader and the signed kernel include embedded Fedora public keys. These signed executable binaries and embedded keys enable Fedora to install, boot, and run with the Microsoft UEFI Secure Boot CA keys that are provided by the UEFI firmware on systems that support UEFI Secure Boot.<a href="#ftn.idm263491680048" class="footnote"><sup class="footnote" id="idm263491680048">[3]</sup></a>
+ Fedora includes support for the UEFI Secure Boot feature, which means that Fedora can be installed and run on systems where UEFI Secure Boot is enabled. <a href="#ftn.idm225456579456" class="footnote"><sup class="footnote" id="idm225456579456">[2]</sup></a> When Secure Boot is enabled, the EFI operating system boot loaders, the Fedora kernel, and all kernel modules must be signed with a private key and authenticated with the corresponding public key. The Fedora distribution includes signed boot loaders, signed kernels, and signed kernel modules. In addition, the signed first-stage boot loader and the signed kernel include embedded Fedora public keys. These signed executable binaries and embedded keys enable Fedora to install, boot, and run with the Microsoft UEFI Secure Boot CA keys that are provided by the UEFI firmware on systems that support UEFI Secure Boot.<a href="#ftn.idm225456577920" class="footnote"><sup class="footnote" id="idm225456577920">[3]</sup></a>
</div><div class="para">
The information provided in the following sections describes steps necessary to enable you to self-sign privately built kernel modules for use with Fedora on UEFI-based systems where Secure Boot is enabled. These sections also provide an overview of available options for getting your public key onto the target system where you want to deploy your kernel module.
</div><div class="section" id="sect-prerequisites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">23.7.1. Prerequisites</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
@@ -12367,7 +12367,7 @@ SecureBoot enabled</pre>
...asymmetric: Microsoft Corporation UEFI CA 2011: 13adbf4309bd82709c8...</pre><div class="para">
The above output shows the addition of two keys from the UEFI Secure Boot "db" keys plus the <code class="computeroutput">Fedora Secure Boot CA</code> which is embedded in the <code class="systemitem">shim.efi</code> boot loader.
</div></div><div class="section" id="sect-kernel-module-authentication-requirements"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">23.7.2.2. Kernel Module Authentication Requirements </h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
- If UEFI Secure Boot is enabled or if the <code class="option">module.sig_enforce</code> kernel parameter has been specified, then only signed kernel modules that are authenticated using a key on the system key ring can be successfully loaded.<a href="#ftn.idm263473812560" class="footnote"><sup class="footnote" id="idm263473812560">[4]</sup></a> If UEFI Secure Boot is disabled and if the <code class="option">module.sig_enforce</code> kernel parameter has not been specified, then unsigned kernel modules and signed kernel modules without a public key can be successfully loaded. This is summarized in <a class="xref" href="#table-kernel-module-authentication-requirements-for-loading">Table 23.3, “Kernel Module Authentication Requirements for Loading”</a>.
+ If UEFI Secure Boot is enabled or if the <code class="option">module.sig_enforce</code> kernel parameter has been specified, then only signed kernel modules that are authenticated using a key on the system key ring can be successfully loaded.<a href="#ftn.idm225474529008" class="footnote"><sup class="footnote" id="idm225474529008">[4]</sup></a> If UEFI Secure Boot is disabled and if the <code class="option">module.sig_enforce</code> kernel parameter has not been specified, then unsigned kernel modules and signed kernel modules without a public key can be successfully loaded. This is summarized in <a class="xref" href="#table-kernel-module-authentication-requirements-for-loading">Table 23.3, “Kernel Module Authentication Requirements for Loading”</a>.
</div><div class="table" id="table-kernel-module-authentication-requirements-for-loading"><h6>Table 23.3. Kernel Module Authentication Requirements for Loading</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Kernel Module Authentication Requirements for Loading" border="1"><colgroup><col width="17%" /><col width="17%" /><col width="17%" /><col width="17%" /><col width="17%" /><col width="17%" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="" align="left">
Module Signed
</th><th class="" align="left">
@@ -12562,47 +12562,47 @@ insmod /lib/modules/3.17.4-302.fc21.x86_64/extra/<em class="replaceable"><code>m
<code class="filename">mii-tool(8)</code> — The manual page for the <code class="command">mii-tool</code> command.
</div></li></ul></div><h3 id="bh-Installable_and_External_Documentation">Installable and External Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Module-HOWTO/">Linux Loadable Kernel Module HOWTO</a> — The <em class="citetitle">Linux Loadable Kernel Module HOWTO</em> from the Linux Documentation Project contains further information on working with kernel modules.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="footnotes"><br /><hr width="100" align="left" /><div id="ftn.idm263491681584" class="footnote"><div class="para"><a href="#idm263491681584" class="para"><sup class="para">[2] </sup></a>
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="footnotes"><br /><hr width="100" align="left" /><div id="ftn.idm225456579456" class="footnote"><div class="para"><a href="#idm225456579456" class="para"><sup class="para">[2] </sup></a>
Fedora does not require the use of Secure Boot on UEFI systems.
- </div></div><div id="ftn.idm263491680048" class="footnote"><div class="para"><a href="#idm263491680048" class="para"><sup class="para">[3] </sup></a>
+ </div></div><div id="ftn.idm225456577920" class="footnote"><div class="para"><a href="#idm225456577920" class="para"><sup class="para">[3] </sup></a>
Not all UEFI-based systems include support for Secure Boot.
- </div></div><div id="ftn.idm263473812560" class="footnote"><div class="para"><a href="#idm263473812560" class="para"><sup class="para">[4] </sup></a>
+ </div></div><div id="ftn.idm225474529008" class="footnote"><div class="para"><a href="#idm225474529008" class="para"><sup class="para">[4] </sup></a>
Provided that the public key is not on the system black list key ring.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-RPM" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">RPM</h1></div></div></div><a id="idm263468673008" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263469915232" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263483155056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-RPM" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">RPM</h1></div></div></div><a id="idm225430678400" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225495058224" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225427709088" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">RPM Package Manager</em> (<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>) is an open packaging system that runs on Fedora as well as other Linux and UNIX systems. Red Hat and the Fedora Project encourage other vendors to use <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> for their own products. <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> is distributed under the terms of the <em class="firstterm">GPL</em> (<em class="firstterm">GNU General Public License</em>).
</div><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>RPM Package Manager</strong></span> only works with packages built in the <span class="emphasis"><em>RPM format</em></span>. <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> itself is provided as the pre-installed <span class="package">rpm</span> package. For the end user, <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> makes system updates easy. Installing, uninstalling, and upgrading <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages can be accomplished with short commands. <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> maintains a database of installed packages and their files, so you can make queries and verify installed files on your system. There are several applications, such as <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>, that can make working with packages in the <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> format e
ven easier.
- </div><div class="warning" id="warning-Use_DNF_Instead_of_RPM_Whenever_Possible"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Use DNF Instead of RPM Whenever Possible</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="idm263460127568" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="warning" id="warning-Use_DNF_Instead_of_RPM_Whenever_Possible"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Use DNF Instead of RPM Whenever Possible</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="idm225465367744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For most package-management tasks, the <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> package manager offers equal and often greater capabilities and utility than <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>. <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> also performs and tracks complicated system-dependency resolutions. <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> maintains the system integrity and forces a system integrity check if packages are installed or removed using another application, such as <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, instead of <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span>. For these reasons, it is highly recommended that you use <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> instead of <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> whenever possible to perform package-management tasks. See <a class="xref" href="#ch-DNF">Chapter 6, <em>DNF</em></a>.
</div><div class="para">
If you prefer a graphical interface, you can use the <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> GUI application, which uses <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> as its back end, to manage your system's packages.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
During upgrades, <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> handles configuration files carefully, so that you never lose your customizations — something that you cannot accomplish with regular <code class="filename">.tar.gz</code> files.
- </div><a id="idm263453249456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225451995024" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For the developer, <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> enables software source code to be packaged into source and binary packages for end users. This process is quite simple and is driven from a single file and optional patches that you create. This clear delineation between pristine sources and your patches along with build instructions eases the maintenance of the package as new versions of the software are released.
</div><div class="note" id="note-Root_Permissions"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Note</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Because <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> can make changes to the system itself, performing operations like installing, upgrading, downgrading, and uninstalling binary packages system-wide requires <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges in most cases.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.1. RPM Design Goals</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263517666000" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.1. RPM Design Goals</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225470330848" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To understand how to use <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, it is helpful to understand the design goals of <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263517662224" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225405864784" class="indexterm"></a>
Upgradability </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
With <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, you can upgrade individual components of your system without a complete reinstallation. When you get a new release of an operating system based on <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, such as Fedora, you do not need to reinstall a fresh copy of the operating system on your machine (as you might need to with operating systems based on other packaging systems). <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> allows for intelligent, fully-automated, in-place upgrades of your system. In addition, configuration files in packages are preserved across upgrades, so you do not lose your customizations. There are no special upgrade files needed to upgrade a package because the same <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> file is used to both install and upgrade the package on the system.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263473768832" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225444914544" class="indexterm"></a>
Powerful Querying </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> is designed to provide powerful querying options. You can perform searches on your copy of the database for packages or even just certain files. You can also easily find out what package a file belongs to and where the package came from. The files an <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> package contains are in a compressed archive, with a custom binary header containing useful information about the package and its contents, allowing you to query individual packages quickly and easily.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263452784640" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225453705296" class="indexterm"></a>
System Verification </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Another powerful <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> feature is the ability to verify packages. It allows you to verify that the files installed on the system are the same as the ones supplied by a given package. If an inconsistency is detected, <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> notifies you, and you can reinstall the package if necessary. Any configuration files that you modified are preserved during reinstallation.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263452779600" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225453700256" class="indexterm"></a>
Pristine Sources </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A crucial design goal was to allow the use of <span class="emphasis"><em>pristine</em></span> software sources, as distributed by the original authors of the software. With <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, you have the pristine sources along with any patches that were used, plus complete build instructions. This is an important advantage for several reasons. For instance, if a new version of a program is released, you do not necessarily have to start from scratch to get it to compile. You can look at the patch to see what you <span class="emphasis"><em>might</em></span> need to do. All the compiled-in defaults, and all of the changes that were made to get the software to build properly, are easily visible using this technique.
</div><div class="para">
The goal of keeping sources pristine may seem important only for developers, but it results in higher quality software for end users.
</div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-using"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.2. Using RPM</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> has five basic modes of operation
- <a id="idm263474836448" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225463062304" class="indexterm"></a>
(not counting package building): installing, uninstalling, upgrading, querying, and verifying. This section contains an overview of each mode. For complete details and options, try <code class="command">rpm --help</code> or see <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rpm</span>(8)</span>. Also, see <a class="xref" href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">Section A.5, “Additional Resources”</a> for more information on <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>.
- </div><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.1. Installing and Upgrading Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263474831216" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474829776" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263485812000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263485810560" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263485809120" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.1. Installing and Upgrading Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225446394928" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225446393488" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225446392048" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225446390608" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452991280" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages typically have file names in the following form:
</div><pre class="synopsis">package_name-version-release-operating_system-CPU_architecture.rpm</pre><div class="para">
For example the <code class="filename">tree-1.7.0-3.fc24.x86_64.rpm</code> file name includes the package name (<code class="filename">tree</code>), version (<code class="filename">1.7.0</code>), release (<code class="filename">3</code>), operating system major version (<code class="filename">fc24</code>) and <acronym class="acronym">CPU</acronym> architecture (<code class="filename">x86_64</code>).
@@ -12633,7 +12633,7 @@ insmod /lib/modules/3.17.4-302.fc21.x86_64/extra/<em class="replaceable"><code>m
If you do not have the appropriate key installed to verify the signature, the message contains the word <code class="computeroutput">NOKEY</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">warning: tree-1.7.0-3.fc24.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 431d51: NOKEY</pre><div class="para">
See <a class="xref" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Section A.3.2, “Checking Package Signatures”</a> for more information on checking package signatures.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-errors"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">A.2.1.1. Replacing Already-Installed Packages</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263392429344" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263392427904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-errors"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">A.2.1.1. Replacing Already-Installed Packages</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225414720608" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225414719168" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If a package of the same name and version is already installed, the following output is displayed:
</div><pre class="screen">Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
package tree-1.7.0-3.fc24.x86_64 is already installed</pre><div class="para">
@@ -12642,9 +12642,9 @@ insmod /lib/modules/3.17.4-302.fc21.x86_64/extra/<em class="replaceable"><code>m
This option is helpful if files installed from the package were deleted or if you want the original configuration files to be installed.
</div><div class="para">
If you attempt an upgrade to an <span class="emphasis"><em>older</em></span> version of a package (that is, if a newer version of the package is already installed), <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> informs you that a newer version is already installed. To force <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> to perform the downgrade, use the <code class="command">--oldpackage</code> option:
- </div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -Uvh --oldpackage <em class="replaceable"><code>older_package.rpm</code></em></code></pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-conflicting-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">A.2.1.2. Resolving File Conflicts</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263492120752" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263492118832" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263492117392" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -Uvh --oldpackage <em class="replaceable"><code>older_package.rpm</code></em></code></pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-conflicting-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">A.2.1.2. Resolving File Conflicts</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225486894560" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225486892640" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225486891200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you attempt to install a package that contains a file that has already been installed by another package, a conflict message is displayed. To make <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> ignore this error, use the <code class="command">--replacefiles</code> option:
- </div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -Uvh --replacefiles <em class="replaceable"><code>package.rpm</code></em></code></pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">A.2.1.3. Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263492111904" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263492110464" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263481438960" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263481437520" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -Uvh --replacefiles <em class="replaceable"><code>package.rpm</code></em></code></pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">A.2.1.3. Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225438733232" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225438731792" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225427796928" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225427795488" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages sometimes depend on other packages, which means that they require other packages to be installed to run properly. If you try to install a package that has an unresolved dependency, a message about a failed dependency is displayed.
</div><div class="para">
Find the suggested package(s) on the Fedora installation media or on one of the active Fedora mirrors and add it to the installation command. To determine which package contains the required file, use the <code class="option">--whatprovides</code> option:
@@ -12652,13 +12652,13 @@ insmod /lib/modules/3.17.4-302.fc21.x86_64/extra/<em class="replaceable"><code>m
If the package that contains <em class="replaceable"><code>required_file</code></em> is in the <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> database, the name of the package is displayed.
</div><div class="warning" id="warning-Forcing_Package_Installation"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Warning</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although you can <span class="emphasis"><em>force</em></span> <code class="command">rpm</code> to install a package that has an unresolved dependency (using the <code class="option">--nodeps</code> option), this is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> recommended and will usually result in the installed software failing to run. Installing packages with <code class="option">--nodeps</code> can cause applications to misbehave or terminate unexpectedly. It can also cause serious package-management problems or system failure. For these reasons, heed the warnings about missing dependencies. The <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> package manager performs automatic dependency resolution and fetches dependencies from on-line repositories.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Configuration_File_Changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">A.2.1.4. Preserving Changes in Configuration Files</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263492191264" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263492189856" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263492187968" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Configuration_File_Changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">A.2.1.4. Preserving Changes in Configuration Files</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225462456192" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462454784" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462452896" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Because <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> performs intelligent upgrading of packages with configuration files, you may see the following message:
</div><pre class="screen">saving <em class="replaceable"><code>/etc/configuration_file.conf</code></em> as <em class="replaceable"><code>/etc/configuration_file.conf</code></em>.rpmsave</pre><div class="para">
This message means that the changes you made to the configuration file may not be <span class="emphasis"><em>forward-compatible</em></span> with the new configuration file in the package, so <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> saved your original file and installed a new one. You should investigate the differences between the two configuration files and resolve them as soon as possible to ensure that your system continues to function properly.
</div><div class="para">
Alternatively, <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> may save the package's <span class="emphasis"><em>new</em></span> configuration file as, for example, <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>configuration_file.conf</code></em>.rpmnew</code> and leave the configuration file you modified untouched. You should still resolve any conflicts between your modified configuration file and the new one, usually by merging changes from the old one to the new one, for example using the <code class="command">diff</code> program.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-uninstalling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.2. Uninstalling Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263440974672" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263440973232" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263440971792" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263440969872" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-uninstalling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.2. Uninstalling Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225462521600" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462520160" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225455276752" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225455274832" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Uninstalling a package is just as simple as installing one. Type the following command at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -e <em class="replaceable"><code>package</code></em></code></pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>rpm -e and package name errors</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Note that the command expects only the package <span class="emphasis"><em>name</em></span>, not the name of the original package <span class="emphasis"><em>file</em></span>. If you attempt to uninstall a package using the <code class="command">rpm -e</code> command and provide the original full file name, you receive a package-name error.
@@ -12672,7 +12672,7 @@ error: Failed dependencies:
libijs-0.35.so()(64bit) is needed by (installed) gutenprint-5.2.9-15.fc24.x86_64
libijs-0.35.so()(64bit) is needed by (installed) cups-filters-1.0.35-15.fc24.x86_64</pre><div class="warning" id="warning-uninstall-Warning-Forcing_Package_Installation"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Warning: Forcing Package Installation</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although you can <span class="emphasis"><em>force</em></span> <code class="command">rpm</code> to uninstall a package that has unresolved dependencies (using the <code class="option">--nodeps</code> option), this is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> recommended. Removing packages with <code class="option">--nodeps</code> can cause applications from the packages whose dependencies are removed to misbehave or terminate unexpectedly. It can also cause serious package-management problems or system failure. For these reasons, heed the warnings about failed dependencies.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-freshening"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.3. Freshening Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263490127888" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490126448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-freshening"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.3. Freshening Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225470055008" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225457065168" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Freshening is similar to upgrading, except that only installed packages are upgraded. Type the following command at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -Fvh <em class="replaceable"><code>package.rpm</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="option">-F</code> (or <code class="option">--freshen</code>) option compares the versions of the packages specified on the command line with the versions of packages that are already installed on the system. When a newer version of an already-installed package is processed by the <code class="option">--freshen</code> option, it is upgraded to the newer version. However, the <code class="option">--freshen</code> option does not install a package if no previously-installed package of the same name exists. This differs from regular upgrading, as an upgrade installs all specified packages regardless of whether or not older versions of the packages are already installed.
@@ -12680,14 +12680,14 @@ error: Failed dependencies:
Freshening works for single packages or package groups. For example, freshening can help if you download a large number of different packages, and you only want to upgrade those packages that are already installed on the system. In this case, issue the following command with the <code class="filename">*.rpm</code> global expression:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">rpm -Fvh *.rpm</code></pre><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> then automatically upgrades only those packages that are already installed.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-querying"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.4. Querying Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263499734192" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263499732752" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-querying"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.4. Querying Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225435976352" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225499431808" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> database stores information about all <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages installed on the system. It is stored in the <code class="filename">/var/lib/rpm/</code> directory and is used for many things, including querying what packages are installed, what version each package is, and for calculating changes to files in packages since their installation. To query this database, use the <code class="command">rpm</code> command with the <code class="option">-q</code> (or <code class="option">--query</code>) option:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -q <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
This command displays the package name, version, and release number of the installed package <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em>. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">rpm -q tree</code>
tree-1.7.0-3.fc24.x86_64</pre><div class="para">
See the <code class="computeroutput">Package Selection Options</code> subheading in the <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rpm</span>(8)</span> manual page for a list of options that can be used to further refine or qualify your query. Use options listed below the <code class="computeroutput">Package Query Options</code> subheading to specify what information to display about the queried packages.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-verifying"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.5. Verifying Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263514503392" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263514501952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-verifying"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.5. Verifying Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225438365952" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225438364512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Verifying a package is comparing information about files on the system installed from a package with the same information from the original package. Among other parameters, verifying compares the file size, MD5 sum, permissions, type, owner, and the group of each file.
</div><div class="para">
Use the <code class="command">rpm</code> command with the <code class="option">-V</code> (or <code class="option">--verify</code>) option to verify packages. For example:
@@ -12701,7 +12701,7 @@ S.5....T. c /etc/abrt/abrt.conf
The format of the output is a string of nine characters followed by an optional attribute marker and the name of the processed file.
</div><div class="para">
The first nine characters are the results of tests performed on the file. Each test is the comparison of one attribute of the file to the value of that attribute as recorded in the <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> database. A single period (<code class="computeroutput">.</code>) means the test passed, and the question-mark character (<code class="computeroutput">?</code>) signifies that the test could not be performed. The following table lists symbols that denote specific discrepancies:
- </div><div class="table" id="tab-rpm-verification-symbols"><h6>Table A.1. RPM Verification Symbols</h6><div class="table-contents"><a id="idm263477531344" class="indexterm"></a><table summary="RPM Verification Symbols" border="1"><colgroup><col width="20%" class="symbol" /><col width="80%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
+ </div><div class="table" id="tab-rpm-verification-symbols"><h6>Table A.1. RPM Verification Symbols</h6><div class="table-contents"><a id="idm225437025024" class="indexterm"></a><table summary="RPM Verification Symbols" border="1"><colgroup><col width="20%" class="symbol" /><col width="80%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Symbol
</th><th class="">
Description
@@ -12743,7 +12743,7 @@ S.5....T. c /etc/abrt/abrt.conf
capabilities differ
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
The attribute marker, if present, describes the purpose of the given file. The following table lists the available attribute markers:
- </div><div class="table" id="tab-rpm-verification-markers"><h6>Table A.2. RPM Verification Symbols</h6><div class="table-contents"><a id="idm263465873584" class="indexterm"></a><table summary="RPM Verification Symbols" border="1"><colgroup><col width="20%" class="marker" /><col width="80%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
+ </div><div class="table" id="tab-rpm-verification-markers"><h6>Table A.2. RPM Verification Symbols</h6><div class="table-contents"><a id="idm225435535152" class="indexterm"></a><table summary="RPM Verification Symbols" border="1"><colgroup><col width="20%" class="marker" /><col width="80%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Marker
</th><th class="">
Description
@@ -12765,23 +12765,23 @@ S.5....T. c /etc/abrt/abrt.conf
readme file
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
If you see any output, use your best judgment to determine if you should remove the package, reinstall it, or fix the problem in another way.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-find-verify-rpm"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.3. Finding and Verifying RPM Packages</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263495166848" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-find-verify-rpm"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.3. Finding and Verifying RPM Packages</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225363247840" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Before using any <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages, you must know where to find them and be able to verify if you can trust them.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-finding"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.3.1. Finding RPM Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263495163344" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263495161936" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-finding"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.3.1. Finding RPM Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225363244448" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225424455584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although there are many <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> repositories on the Internet, for security and compatibility reasons, you should consider installing only official Fedora-provided RPM packages. The following is a list of sources for <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- <a id="idm263495157984" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="idm263423947664" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225424451632" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225424450224" class="indexterm"></a>
Official Fedora installation media.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- <a id="idm263423945328" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="idm263423943920" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225441128256" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225441126848" class="indexterm"></a>
Official <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> repositories provided with the <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> package manager. See <a class="xref" href="#ch-DNF">Chapter 6, <em>DNF</em></a> for details on how to use the official Fedora package repositories.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Unofficial, third-party repositories not affiliated with The Fedora Project also provide RPM packages.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Important</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When considering third-party repositories for use with your Fedora system, pay close attention to the repository's web site with regard to package compatibility before adding the repository as a package source. Alternate package repositories may offer different, incompatible versions of the same software, including packages already included in the Fedora repositories.
- </div></div></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-check-rpm-sig"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.3.2. Checking Package Signatures</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263423936352" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263438576240" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263438574832" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-check-rpm-sig"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.3.2. Checking Package Signatures</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225454621776" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225400417616" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225400416208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages can be signed using <span class="application"><strong>GNU Privacy Guard</strong></span> (or <span class="application"><strong>GPG</strong></span>), which helps you make certain that downloaded packages are trustworthy. <span class="application"><strong>GPG</strong></span> is a tool for secure communication. With <span class="application"><strong>GPG</strong></span>, you can authenticate the validity of documents and encrypt or decrypt data.
</div><div class="para">
To verify that a package has not been corrupted or tampered with, check its <span class="application"><strong>GPG</strong></span> signature by using the <code class="command">rpmkeys</code> command with the <code class="option">-K</code> (or <code class="option">--checksig</code>) option:
@@ -12797,35 +12797,35 @@ S.5....T. c /etc/abrt/abrt.conf
Use the <code class="command">rpmkeys</code> command with the <code class="option">--import</code> option to install a new key for use with <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>. The default location for storing <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> <acronym class="acronym">GPG</acronym> keys is the <code class="filename">/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/</code> directory. To import new keys, use a command like the following as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">rpmkeys --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release</code></pre><div class="para">
See the <a href="https://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/">Product Signing (GPG) Keys</a> article on the Red Hat Customer Portal for additional information about Red Hat package-signing practices.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-usage-examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.4. Common Examples of RPM Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263497522928" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497521488" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-usage-examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.4. Common Examples of RPM Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225454599888" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225459283536" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> is a useful tool for both managing your system and diagnosing and fixing problems. See the following examples for an overview of some of the most-used options.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To verify your entire system and see what files are missing, issue the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
- </div><a id="idm263497516480" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497515072" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -Va</code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225463785728" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225463784320" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -Va</code></pre><div class="para">
If some files are missing or appear corrupted, consider reinstalling relevant packages.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To determine which package owns a file, enter:
- </div><a id="idm263497511536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263462792688" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -qf <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></code></pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225463780896" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225427877152" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -qf <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></code></pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To verify the package that owns a particular file, enter as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -Vf <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></code></pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To locate documentation files that are a part of a package to which a file belongs, enter:
- </div><a id="idm263462786608" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263462785168" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263462783760" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -qdf <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></code></pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225427871296" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225461022176" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225461020768" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -qdf <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></code></pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To find information about a (non-installed) package file, use the following command:
- </div><a id="idm263515632496" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263515631088" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -qip <em class="replaceable"><code>package.rpm</code></em></code></pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225461017440" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225443533216" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -qip <em class="replaceable"><code>package.rpm</code></em></code></pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To list files contained in a package, use:
- </div><a id="idm263515627760" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263515626320" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -qlp <em class="replaceable"><code>package.rpm</code></em></code></pre></li></ul></div><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225443529888" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225443528448" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -qlp <em class="replaceable"><code>package.rpm</code></em></code></pre></li></ul></div><div class="para">
See the <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rpm</span>(8)</span> manual page for more options.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263515620800" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225459271648" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> is a complex utility with many options and methods for querying, installing, upgrading, and removing packages. See the following resources to learn more about <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>.
</div><h3 id="brid-rpm-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">rpm --help</code> — This command displays a quick reference of <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> parameters.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rpm</span>(8)</span> — The <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> manual page offers an overview of all available <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> parameters.
- </div></li></ul></div><h3 id="brid-rpm-resources-online">Online Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><a id="idm263464621728" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263464620288" class="indexterm"></a><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><h3 id="brid-rpm-resources-online">Online Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><a id="idm225473286288" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225473284848" class="indexterm"></a><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> website — <a href="http://www.rpm.org/">http://www.rpm.org/</a>
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> mailing list — <a href="http://lists.rpm.org/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list">http://lists.rpm.org/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list</a>
- </div></li></ul></div><h3 id="brid-rpm-resources-also">See Also</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><a id="idm263492632880" class="indexterm"></a><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><h3 id="brid-rpm-resources-also">See Also</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><a id="idm225469976928" class="indexterm"></a><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="#ch-DNF">Chapter 6, <em>DNF</em></a> describes how to use the <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> package manager to search, install, update, and uninstall packages on the command line.
</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="app-Revision_History" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Revision History</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
<div class="revhistory"><table summary="Revision History"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="3"><strong>Revision History</strong></th></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 1-6</td><td align="left">Wed May 04 2016</td><td align="left"><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Stephen</span> <span class="surname">Wadeley</span></span></td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">
@@ -12857,4 +12857,4 @@ S.5....T. c /etc/abrt/abrt.conf
</td></tr></table></div>
- </div></div><div class="index" id="idm263486265680"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Index</h1></div></div></div><div class="index"><div class="indexdiv"><h3>Symbols</h3><dl><dt>.fetchmailrc, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">Fetchmail Configuration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">Server Options</a></dt><dt>user options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">User Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>.htaccess, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>.htpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>.procmailrc, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">Procmail Configura
tion</a></dt><dt>/dev/oprofile/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></dt><dt>/dev/shm, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/run, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/sys/fs/cgroup, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt> /var/spool/anacron , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt> /var/spool/cron , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3></h3><dl><dt> (see OProfile)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>A</h3><dl><dt>adding</dt><dd><dl><dt>group, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>user, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></d
d><dt>anacron, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Cron and Anacron</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>anacron configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt>user-defined tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> anacrontab , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt>Apache HTTP Server</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>checking configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>checking status,
<a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-running-status">Verifying the Service Status</a></dt><dt>directives</dt><dd><dl><dt><Directory>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><IfDefine>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><IfModule>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><Location>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><Proxy>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><VirtualHost>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AccessFileName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Action, <a class="indexterm" href=
"#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddDescription, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddEncoding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddHandler, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIcon, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIconByEncoding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIconByType, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddLanguage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddType, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>
Alias, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Allow, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AllowOverride, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>BrowserMatch, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheDefaultExpire, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheDisable, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheEnable, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheLastModifiedFactor, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheMaxExpire, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-di
rectives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheNegotiatedDocs, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CustomLog, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DefaultIcon, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DefaultType, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Deny, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DirectoryIndex, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DocumentRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ErrorDocument, <a class="
indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ErrorLog, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ExtendedStatus, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Group, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>HeaderName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>HostnameLookups, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Include, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>IndexIgnore, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>IndexOptions, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a><
/dt><dt>KeepAlive, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>KeepAliveTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LanguagePriority, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Listen, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LoadModule, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LogFormat, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LogLevel, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxClients, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxKeepAliveRequests, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-
directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxSpareServers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxSpareThreads, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MinSpareServers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MinSpareThreads, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>NameVirtualHost, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Order, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>PidFile, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ProxyR
equests, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ReadmeName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Redirect, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ScriptAlias, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerAdmin, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerSignature, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerTokens, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common ht
tpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>SetEnvIf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-sslconf-common">Common ssl.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>StartServers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>SuexecUserGroup, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ThreadsPerChild, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>Timeout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>TypesConfig, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>UseCanonicalName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>User, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>UserDir, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-
httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/httpd/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/usr/lib/httpd/modules/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-dso">Working with Modules</a></dt><dt>/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-dso">Working with Modules</a></dt><dt>/var/cache/mod_proxy/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/cgi-bin/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apa
che-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/html/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/icons/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>~/public_html/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>.htaccess, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>.htpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-sslconf-common">Common ssl.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-enabling">Enabling the mod_ssl Module</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Fil
es</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/logs/access_log, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/logs/error_log, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/run/httpd.pid, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/mime.types, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>modules</dt><dd><dl><dt>developing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-dso-writing">Writing a Module</a></dt><dt>loading, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-dso-loading">Loading a Module</a></dt><dt>mod_rewrite, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-direc
tives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>mod_ssl, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dt>mod_userdir, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">Updating the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-running-restarting">Restarting the Service</a></dt><dt>SSL server</dt><dd><dl><dt>certificate, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">Using an Existing Key and Certificate</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">Generating a New Key and Certificate</a></dt><dt>certificate authority, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a></dt><dt>private key, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a>, <a class="indexterm"
href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">Using an Existing Key and Certificate</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">Generating a New Key and Certificate</a></dt><dt>public key, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-running-starting">Starting the Service</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-running-stopping">Stopping the Service</a></dt><dt>version 2.4</dt><dd><dl><dt>changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>updating from version 2.2, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">Updating the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>virtual host, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-virtualhosts">Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> at , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">At and Batch</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a cl
ass="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Automated Tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Automating_System_Tasks">Automating System Tasks</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>B</h3><dl><dt> batch , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">At and Batch</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>blkid, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid">Using the blkid Command</a></dt><dt>boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>GRUB 2 boot loader, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">Verifying the Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>boot media, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-preparing">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>C</h3><dl
><dt>ch-email .fetchmailrc</dt><dd><dl><dt>global options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">Global Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>chage command</dt><dd><dl><dt>forcing password expiration with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Configuration File Changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></dt><dt>CPU usage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-cpu">Viewing CPU Usage</a></dt><dt>cron, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Cron and Anacron</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>cron configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt><dt>user-defined tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cr
on Jobs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> crontab , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt><dt>CUPS (see Printer Configuration)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>D</h3><dl><dt>df, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>directory server (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>Additional Resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Additional_Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuring DNF and DNF repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories">Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</a></dt><dt>displaying packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf info, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>displaying packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf info, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DNF repositories</d
t><dd><dl><dt>configuring DNF and DNF repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories">Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installing a package group with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>installing with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>listing packages from a single repository with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf repository-packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf group list, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list all, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list available, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt
>dnf list installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf repolist, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>Glob expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>packages and package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">Packages and Package Groups</a></dt><dt>repository, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories">Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</a></dt><dt>searching for packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>setting [main] options, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_main_Options">Setting [main] Options</a></dt><dt>setting [rep
ository] options, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_repository_Options">Setting [repository] Options</a></dt><dt>uninstalling packages with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf remove package_name, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>variables, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_DNF_Variables">Using DNF Variables</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DNF Updates</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking for updates, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Checking_For_Updates">Checking For Updates</a></dt><dt>updating a single package, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating all packages and dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>documentation</dt><dd><dl><dt>finding installed, <a class="indexterm"
href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>drivers (see kernel module)</dt><dt>du, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">Using the du Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>E</h3><dl><dt>ECDSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>email</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-installed-docs">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>related books, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-related-books">Related Books</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Fetchmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">Fetchmail</a></dt><dt>mail server</dt><dd><dl><dt>Dovecot
, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-mail-server-dovecot">Dovecot</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">Postfix</a></dt><dt>Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-mda">Mail Delivery Agents</a></dt><dt>program classifications, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-types">Email Program Classifications</a></dt><dt>protocols, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-protocols">Email Protocols</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>IMAP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-protocols-imap">IMAP</a></dt><dt>POP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-protocols-pop">POP</a></dt><dt>SMTP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-protocols-smtp">SMTP</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>security, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-security">Securing Communication</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>clients, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-security-clients">Secure Email Clients</a></dt><dt>servers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-security-servers">Securing Email Client Communications</a
></dt></dl></dd><dt>Sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">Sendmail</a></dt><dt>spam</dt><dd><dl><dt>filtering out, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>types</dt><dd><dl><dt>Mail Delivery Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-types-mda">Mail Delivery Agent</a></dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-types-mta">Mail Transport Agent</a></dt><dt>Mail User Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-types-mua">Mail User Agent</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>expiration of password, forcing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>F</h3><dl><dt>Fedora installation media</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>feedback</dt><dd><dl><dt>contact information for this manual, <a class="indexterm" href="#idm26346662800
0">We Need Feedback!</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Fetchmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">Fetchmail</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>command options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands">Fetchmail Command Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>informational, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info">Informational or Debugging Options</a></dt><dt>special, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special">Special Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">Fetchmail Configuration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>global options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">Global Options</a></dt><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">Server Options</a></dt><d
t>user options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">User Options</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>file systems, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></dt><dt>findmnt, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt">Using the findmnt Command</a></dt><dt>free, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">Using the free Command</a></dt><dt>FTP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-FTP">FTP</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also vsftpd )</dt><dt>active mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>command port, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>data port, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-FTP">FTP</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ft
p-protocol">The File Transfer Protocol</a></dt><dt>passive mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>server software</dt><dd><dl><dt> Red Hat Content Accelerator , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-servers">FTP Servers</a></dt><dt> vsftpd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-servers">FTP Servers</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>G</h3><dl><dt>gnome-system-log (see System Log)</dt><dt>gnome-system-monitor, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a></dt><dt>GnuPG</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking RPM package signatures, <a class="indexter
m" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Checking Package Signatures</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>group configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>groupadd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>viewing list of groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-configui">Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>groups (see group configuration)</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GID, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>shared directories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">Creating Group Directories</a></dt><dt>tools for
management of</dt><dd><dl><dt>groupadd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-tools">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>user private, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GRUB 2</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring GRUB 2, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>customizing GRUB 2, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>reinstalling GRUB 2, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GRUB 2 boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kernel-boot-l
oader-grub">Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GUI, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Opening_GUI_Applications">Opening Graphical Applications</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>H</h3><dl><dt>hardware</dt><dd><dl><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">Viewing Hardware Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>HTTP server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>httpd (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>I</h3><dl><dt>information</dt><dd><dl><dt>about your system, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-System_Monitoring_Tools">System Monitoring Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>initial RAM disk image</dt><dd><dl><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>IBM eServer System i, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>initial RPM repo
sitories</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>insmod, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>installing the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>K</h3><dl><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>downloading, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-download">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dt>installing kernel packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>kernel packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt><dt>package, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>performing kernel upgrade, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-
perform-upgrade">Performing the Upgrade</a></dt><dt>RPM package, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>upgrade kernel available, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-download">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Security Advisories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-download">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dt>via Fedora Update System, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-download">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading</dt><dd><dl><dt>preparing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-preparing">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt><dt>working boot media, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-preparing">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel module</dt><dd><dl><dt>definition, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Working_with_
Kernel_Modules">Working with Kernel Modules</a></dt><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/modules-load.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">Persistent Module Loading</a></dt><dt> /lib/modules/kernel_version/kernel/drivers/ , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>/proc/modules, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing</dt><dd><dl><dt>currently loaded modules, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dt>module information, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>loading</dt><dd><dl><dt>at the boot time, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">Persistent Module Loading</a></dt><dt>for the current session, <a class="indext
erm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>module parameters</dt><dd><dl><dt>supplying, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">Setting Module Parameters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>unloading, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dt>utilities</dt><dd><dl><dt>insmod, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a></dt><dt>lsmod, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dt>modinfo, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt><dt>modprobe, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dt>rmmod, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>kernel package</dt><dd><dl><dt>ker
nel</dt><dd><dl><dt>for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-devel</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel headers and makefiles, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-headers</dt><dd><dl><dt>C header files files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>linux-firmware</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>perf</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>kernel upgrading</dt><dd><dl><dt>preparing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-preparing">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>keyboard configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Confi
guration">System Locale and Keyboard Configuration</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>layout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout">Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>L</h3><dl><dt>LDAP (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>localectl (see keyboard configuration)</dt><dt>log files, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also System Log)</dt><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dt>locating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-logfiles-examining">Monitoring Log Files</a></dt><dt>rotating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>rsyslogd daemon, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dt>v
iewing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>logrotate, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>lsblk, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">Using the lsblk Command</a></dt><dt>lscpu, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">Using the lscpu Command</a></dt><dt>lsmod, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>lspci, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">Using the lspci Command</a></dt><dt>lspcmcia, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">Using the lspcmcia Command</a></dt><dt>lsusb, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">Using the lsusb Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>M</h3><dl><dt>Mail Delivery Agent (see email)</dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent (see email) (see MTA)
</dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent Switcher, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>Mail User Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a> (see email)</dt><dt>MDA (see Mail Delivery Agent)</dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>modinfo, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>modprobe, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>module (see kernel module)</dt><dt>module parameters (see kernel module)</dt><dt>MTA (see Mail Transport Agent)</dt><dd><dl><dt>setting default, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email
-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>switching with Mail Transport Agent Switcher, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>MUA, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a> (see Mail User Agent)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>N</h3><dl><dt>net program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>nmblookup program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>O</h3><dl><dt>opannotate (see OProfile)</dt><dt>opcontrol (see OProfile)</dt><dt>OpenLDAP</dt><dd><dl><dt>backends, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-loading_modules_or_backends">Loading Modules and Backends</a></dt><dt>checking status, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-running-status">Verifying the Service Status</a></
dt><dt>client applications, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-packages-applications">Overview of Common LDAP Client Applications</a></dt><dt>configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>database, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>global, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>overview, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-setup">OpenLDAP Server Setup</a></dt><dt>TLS, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-establishing_a_secure_connection">Establishing a Secure Connection</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-setting_up_replication">Setting Up Replication</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-loading_modules_or_backends">Loading Modules and Backends</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directives</dt><dd><dl><dt>olcAllows, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcConnMaxPending, <a class="indexterm" href="
#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcConnMaxPendingAuth, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcDisallows, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcIdleTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcLogFile, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcReadOnly, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcReferral, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcRootDN, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcRootPW, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configura
tion-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcSuffix, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcWriteTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ldap-configuration">Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-setting_up_replication">Setting Up Replication</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-loading_modules_or_backends">Loading Modules and Backends</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/cn=schema/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Extending Schema</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-features">OpenLDAP Features</a></dt><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/openldap/ldap.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ldap-configuration">Configurin
g an OpenLDAP Server</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-establishing_a_secure_connection">Establishing a Secure Connection</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config.ldif, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-establishing_a_secure_connection">Establishing a Secure Connection</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}bdb.ldif, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ldap-installation">Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></dt><dt>migrating authentication information, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-migrationtools">Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format</a></dt><dt>modules, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-loading_modules_or_backends">Loading Modules and Backends</a></dt><dt>packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ldap-inst
allation">Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></dt><dt>replication, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-setting_up_replication">Setting Up Replication</a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-running-restarting">Restarting the Service</a></dt><dt>running, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-running-starting">Starting the Service</a></dt><dt>schema, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Extending Schema</a></dt><dt>security, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-establishing_a_secure_connection">Establishing a Secure Connection</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-running-stopping">Stopping the Service</a></dt><dt>terminology</dt><dd><dl><dt>attribute, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt><dt>entry, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt><dt> LDIF , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>utilities, <a class="inde
xterm" href="#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers">Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients">Overview of OpenLDAP Client Utilities</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>OpenSSH, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-OpenSSH">OpenSSH</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-features">Main Features</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also SSH)</dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>client, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-ssh-clients">OpenSSH Clients</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>scp, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">Using the scp Utility</a></dt><dt>sftp, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-clients-sftp">Using the sftp Utility</a></dt><dt>ssh, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">Using the ssh Utility</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>ECDSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a
></dt></dl></dd><dt>RSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>server, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>ssh-agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt>ssh-keygen</dt><dd><dl><dt>ECDSA, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt><dt>RSA, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>using key-based authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">Using Key-based Authentication</a><
/dt></dl></dd><dt>OpenSSL</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>SSL (see SSL)</dt><dt>TLS (see TLS)</dt></dl></dd><dt>ophelp, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-events">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt><dt>opreport (see OProfile)</dt><dt>OProfile, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-OProfile">OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>/dev/oprofile/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile_additional_resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>separating profiles, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>events</dt><dd><dl><dt>sampling rate, <a class="indexterm"
href="#s3-oprofile-events-sampling">Sampling Rate</a></dt><dt>setting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-events">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Java, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-java-support">OProfile Support for Java</a></dt><dt>monitoring the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt><dt> opannotate , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">Using opannotate</a></dt><dt>opcontrol, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> --no-vmlinux , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt><dt> --start , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dt>--vmlinux=, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ophelp , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-events">Setting Eve
nts to Monitor</a></dt><dt> opreport , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">Using opreport</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-module-output">Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>on a single executable, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> oprofiled , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>log file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>overview of tools, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">Overview of Tools</a></dt><dt>reading data, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">Analyzing the Data</a></dt><dt>saving data, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">Saving Data in Legacy Mode</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm"
href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dt>SystemTap, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">OProfile and SystemTap</a></dt><dt>unit mask, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks">Unit Masks</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>oprofiled (see OProfile)</dt><dt>oprof_start, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-gui">Graphical Interface</a></dt><dt>OS/400 boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>P</h3><dl><dt>package</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved
-dependency">Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</a></dt><dt>determining file ownership with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>displaying packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf info, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>displaying packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf info, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DNF instead of RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-RPM">RPM</a></dt><dt>Fedora installation media, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>finding deleted files from, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>finding Fedora RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>initial RPM repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-findin
g">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>installing a package group with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>installing RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt><dt>installing with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-devel</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel headers and makefiles, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-headers</dt><dd><dl><dt>C header files files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>linux-firmware</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt
>listing packages from a single repository with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf repository-packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf group list, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list all, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list available, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf repolist, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt> Glob expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>locating documentation for, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common E
xamples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>obtaining list of files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>packages and package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">Packages and Package Groups</a></dt><dt>perf</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>querying uninstalled, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>removing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Uninstalling Packages</a></dt><dt>RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-RPM">RPM</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>already installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-errors">Replacing Already-Installed Packages</a></dt><dt>configuration file changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Changes in Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>conflict, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-conf
licting-files">Resolving File Conflicts</a></dt><dt>failed dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</a></dt><dt>freshening, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-freshening">Freshening Packages</a></dt><dt>pristine sources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>querying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-querying">Querying Packages</a></dt><dt>removing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Uninstalling Packages</a></dt><dt>source and binary packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-RPM">RPM</a></dt><dt>tips, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>uninstalling, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Uninstalling Packages</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-verifying">Verifying Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching for packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm
" href="#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>uninstalling packages with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf remove package_name, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>partx, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx">Using the partx Command</a></dt><dt>password</dt><dd><dl><dt>aging, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt><dt>expire, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>passwords</dt><dd><dl><dt>shadow, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups
-shadow-utilities">Shadow Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>pdbedit program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>Postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">Postfix</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>default installation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-postfix-default">The Default Postfix Installation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>Printer Configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>CUPS, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Printer_Configuration">Printer Configuration</a></dt><dt>IPP Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-printing-ipp-printer">Adding an IPP Printer</a></dt><dt>LDP/LPR Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer">Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></dt><dt>Local Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Adding_Other_Printer">Adding a Local Printer</a></dt><dt>New Printer, <a cla
ss="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_Printer">Starting Printer Setup</a></dt><dt>Print Jobs, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-printing-managing">Managing Print Jobs</a></dt><dt>Samba Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></dt><dt>Settings, <a class="indexterm" href="#idm263434749808">The Settings Page</a></dt><dt>Sharing Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Sharing_Printers">Sharing Printers</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>printers (see Printer Configuration)</dt><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">Viewing System Processes</a></dt><dt>Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-mda">Mail Delivery Agents</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">Procmail Configuration</a></dt><dt>recipes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-p
rocmail-recipes">Procmail Recipes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>delivering, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</a></dt><dt>examples, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples">Recipe Examples</a></dt><dt>flags, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags">Flags</a></dt><dt>local lockfiles, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile">Specifying a Local Lockfile</a></dt><dt>non-delivering, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</a></dt><dt>SpamAssassin, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt><dt>special actions, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Special Conditions and Actions</a></dt><dt>special conditions, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Special Conditions and Actions</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>ps, <a clas
s="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">Using the ps Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>R</h3><dl><dt>RAM, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>rcp, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">Using the scp Utility</a></dt><dt>rmmod, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>rpcclient program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-RPM">RPM</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>already installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-errors">Replacing Already-Installed Packages</a></dt><dt>basic modes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-using">Using RPM</a></dt><dt>checking package signatures, <a class="indexterm" h
ref="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Checking Package Signatures</a></dt><dt>configuration file changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Changes in Configuration Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>conf.rpmsave, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Changes in Configuration Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>conflicts, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Resolving File Conflicts</a></dt><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</a></dt><dt>design goals, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>powerful querying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>system verification, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>upgradability, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>determining file ownership with, <a class
="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>documentation with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>failed dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</a></dt><dt>file conflicts</dt><dd><dl><dt>resolving, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Resolving File Conflicts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>file name, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt><dt>finding and verifying RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-find-verify-rpm">Finding and Verifying RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>finding deleted files with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>finding Fedora RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>freshening, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-fresh
ening">Freshening Packages</a></dt><dt>GnuPG, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Checking Package Signatures</a></dt><dt>installing, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt><dt>online documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>querying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-querying">Querying Packages</a></dt><dt>querying for file list, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>querying uninstalled packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>see also, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>tips, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>uninstalling, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Uninstalling Packages</a></dt><dt>upgrading,
<a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt><dt>verification, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-verifying">Verifying Packages</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-verifying">Verifying Packages</a></dt><dt>website, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RPM Package Manager (see RPM)</dt><dt>RSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>rsyslog, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>actions, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-Actions">Actions</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog">Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</a></dt><dt>debugging, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-debugging_rsyslog">Debugging Rsyslog</a></dt><dt>filt
ers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-Filters">Filters</a></dt><dt>global directives, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-global_directives">Global Directives</a></dt><dt>log rotation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-log_rotation">Log Rotation</a></dt><dt>modules, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-using_rsyslog_modules">Using Rsyslog Modules</a></dt><dt>new configuration format, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-using_the_new_configuration_format">Using the New Configuration Format</a></dt><dt>queues, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog">Working with Queues in Rsyslog</a></dt><dt>rulesets, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Rulesets">Rulesets</a></dt><dt>templates, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-Templates">Templates</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>S</h3><dl><dt>Samba (see Samba)</dt><dd><dl><dt>Abilities, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">Introduction to Samba</a></dt><dt>Account Information Databases, <a class="in
dexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>ldapsam, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>ldapsam_compat, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>mysqlsam, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Plain Text, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>smbpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>tdbsam, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>xmlsam, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Informati
on Databases</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Additional Resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Backward Compatible Database Back Ends, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Network_Browsing">Samba Network Browsing</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">Configuring a Samba Server</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Command-Line-Configuration">Command-Line Configuration</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>default, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">Configuring a Samba Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>CUPS Print
ing Support, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support">Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>CUPS smb.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-CUPS-smb.conf">Simple smb.conf Settings</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>daemon</dt><dd><dl><dt>nmbd, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt><dt>overview, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt><dt>smbd, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt><dt>winbindd, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>encrypted passwords, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt><dt>graphical configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-GUI_Configuration">Graphical Confi
guration</a></dt><dt>Introduction, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">Introduction to Samba</a></dt><dt>Network Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Network_Browsing">Samba Network Browsing</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Domain Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Domain-Browsing">Domain Browsing</a></dt><dt>WINS, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-WINS">WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>New Database Back Ends, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Programs, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>net, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>nmblookup, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>pdbedit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_
Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>rpcclient, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbcacls, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbclient, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbcontrol, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbspool, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbstatus, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbtar, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>testparm, <a class="indext
erm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>wbinfo, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Reference, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba">Samba</a></dt><dt>Samba Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></dt><dt>Security Modes, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Security_Modes">Samba Security Modes</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level">User-Level Security</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Active Directory Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level">User-Level Security</a></dt><dt>Domain Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level">User-Level Security</a></dt><dt>Share-Level Security, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-Share_Level">Share-Level Security</a></dt><dt>User Level Security, <a class
="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level">User-Level Security</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Server Types, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File</a></dt><dt>server types</dt><dd><dl><dt>Domain Controller, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Domain_Controller">Domain Controller</a></dt><dt>Domain Member, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Domain_Member_Server">Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>Stand Alone, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>service</dt><dd><dl><dt>conditional restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>reloading, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>starting, <a
class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>share</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to via the command line, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>connecting to with Nautilus, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>mounting, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share">Mounting the Share</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>smb.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Active Directory Member Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Domain_Member_Server">Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Print Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Stan
dalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Read Only example, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Read/Write example, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt><dt>NT4-style Domain Member example, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Domain_Member_Server">Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>PDC using Active Directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Domain_Controller">Domain Controller</a></dt><dt>PDC using tdbsam, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Domain_Controller">Domain Controller</a></dt><dt>Secure File and Print Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>smbclient, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>WINS, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-WINS">WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</a></dt><dt>wi
th Windows NT 4.0, 2000, ME, and XP, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>scp (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>Sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">Sendmail</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>aliases, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">Masquerading</a></dt><dt>common configuration changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</a></dt><dt>default installation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-default">The Default Sendmail Installation</a></dt><dt>LDAP and, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap">Using Sendmail with LDAP</a></dt><dt>limitations, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">Purpose and Limitations</a></dt><dt>masquerading, <a class="indexterm" href="
#s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">Masquerading</a></dt><dt>purpose, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">Purpose and Limitations</a></dt><dt>spam, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam">Stopping Spam</a></dt><dt>with UUCP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>services configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Services and Daemons</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> ssystemctl , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-services-running">Running Services</a></dt><dt> systemctl , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-services-configuring">Configuring Services</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>sftp (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>shadow passwords</dt><dd><dl><dt>overview of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Shadow Passwords</a></dt></dl>
</dd><dt>slapd (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>smbcacls program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbclient, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>smbclient program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbcontrol program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbpasswd program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbspool program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbstatus program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbtar program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</
a></dt><dt>SpamAssassin</dt><dd><dl><dt>using with Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>ssh (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>SSH protocol</dt><dd><dl><dt>authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-protocol-authentication">Authentication</a></dt><dt>configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>system-wide configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>user-specific configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>connection sequence, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-conn">Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></dt><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-features">Main Features</a></dt><dt>insecure protocols, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a>
</dt><dt>layers</dt><dd><dl><dt>channels, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-protocol-connection">Channels</a></dt><dt>transport layer, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport">Transport Layer</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>port forwarding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">Port Forwarding</a></dt><dt>requiring for remote login, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></dt><dt>security risks, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-why">Why Use SSH?</a></dt><dt>version 1, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-versions">Protocol Versions</a></dt><dt>version 2, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-versions">Protocol Versions</a></dt><dt>X11 forwarding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">X11 Forwarding</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>ssh-agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt>SSL, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl"
>Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>SSL server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>stunnel, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-security-servers">Securing Email Client Communications</a></dt><dt>system analysis</dt><dd><dl><dt>OProfile (see OProfile)</dt></dl></dd><dt>system information</dt><dd><dl><dt>cpu usage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-cpu">Viewing CPU Usage</a></dt><dt>file systems, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>/dev/shm, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/run, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/sys/fs/cgroup, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>gathering, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-System_Monitoring_Tools">System Monitoring Tools</a></dt><dt>hardware,
<a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">Viewing Hardware Information</a></dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">Viewing System Processes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>currently running, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">Using the top Command</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>System Log</dt><dd><dl><dt>filtering, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt><dt>monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-logfiles-examining">Monitoring Log Files</a></dt><dt>refresh rate, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt><dt>searching, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>System Monitor, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" hr
ef="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a></dt><dt> systemctl (see services configuration)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>T</h3><dl><dt>testparm program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>the Users settings tool (see user configuration)</dt><dt>TLS, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>top, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">Using the top Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>U</h3><dl><dt>user configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>command line configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>chage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-agin
g">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt><dt>passwd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt><dt>useradd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>password</dt><dd><dl><dt>forcing expiration of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>viewing list of users, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-configui">Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>user private groups (see groups)</dt><dd><dl><dt>and shared directories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">Creating Group Directories</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>useradd command</dt><dd><dl><dt>user account creation using, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>users (see user configuration)</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources
">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>tools for management of</dt><dd><dl><dt>the Users setting tool, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-tools">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt><dt>useradd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-tools">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>UID, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>V</h3><dl><dt>virtual host (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt> vsftpd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-servers">FTP Servers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also FTP)</dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indext
erm" href="#s3-ftp-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>condrestart, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>configuration file</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf"> vsftpd Configuration Options</a></dt><dt>access controls, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">Log In Options and Access Controls</a></dt><dt>anonymous user options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon">Anonymous User Options</a></dt><dt>daemon options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon">Daemon Options</a></dt><dt>directory options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir">Directory Options</a></dt><dt>file transfer options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file">File Transfer Options
</a></dt><dt>format of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf"> vsftpd Configuration Options</a></dt><dt>local user options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr">Local User Options</a></dt><dt>logging options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log">Logging Options</a></dt><dt>login options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">Log In Options and Access Controls</a></dt><dt>network options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net">Network Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>multihome configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd </a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>RPM</dt><dd><dl><dt>files installed by, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">Files Installed with vsftpd </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>security features, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-servers">FTP
Servers</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>starting multiple copies of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd </a></dt><dt>status, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>W</h3><dl><dt>wbinfo program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>web server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>Windows 2000</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows 98</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></
dl></dd><dt>Windows ME</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows NT 4.0</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows XP</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>X</h3><dl><dt>X.500 (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>X.500 Lite (see OpenLDAP)</dt></dl></div></div></div></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+ </div></div><div class="index" id="idm225465268784"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Index</h1></div></div></div><div class="index"><div class="indexdiv"><h3>Symbols</h3><dl><dt>.fetchmailrc, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">Fetchmail Configuration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">Server Options</a></dt><dt>user options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">User Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>.htaccess, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>.htpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>.procmailrc, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">Procmail Configura
tion</a></dt><dt>/dev/oprofile/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></dt><dt>/dev/shm, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/run, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/sys/fs/cgroup, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt> /var/spool/anacron , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt> /var/spool/cron , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3></h3><dl><dt> (see OProfile)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>A</h3><dl><dt>adding</dt><dd><dl><dt>group, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>user, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></d
d><dt>anacron, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Cron and Anacron</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>anacron configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt>user-defined tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> anacrontab , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt>Apache HTTP Server</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>checking configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>checking status,
<a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-running-status">Verifying the Service Status</a></dt><dt>directives</dt><dd><dl><dt><Directory>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><IfDefine>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><IfModule>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><Location>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><Proxy>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><VirtualHost>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AccessFileName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Action, <a class="indexterm" href=
"#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddDescription, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddEncoding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddHandler, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIcon, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIconByEncoding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIconByType, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddLanguage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddType, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>
Alias, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Allow, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AllowOverride, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>BrowserMatch, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheDefaultExpire, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheDisable, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheEnable, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheLastModifiedFactor, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheMaxExpire, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-di
rectives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheNegotiatedDocs, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CustomLog, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DefaultIcon, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DefaultType, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Deny, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DirectoryIndex, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DocumentRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ErrorDocument, <a class="
indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ErrorLog, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ExtendedStatus, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Group, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>HeaderName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>HostnameLookups, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Include, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>IndexIgnore, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>IndexOptions, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a><
/dt><dt>KeepAlive, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>KeepAliveTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LanguagePriority, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Listen, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LoadModule, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LogFormat, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LogLevel, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxClients, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxKeepAliveRequests, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-
directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxSpareServers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxSpareThreads, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MinSpareServers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MinSpareThreads, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>NameVirtualHost, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Order, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>PidFile, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ProxyR
equests, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ReadmeName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Redirect, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ScriptAlias, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerAdmin, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerSignature, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerTokens, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common ht
tpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>SetEnvIf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-sslconf-common">Common ssl.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>StartServers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>SuexecUserGroup, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ThreadsPerChild, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>Timeout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>TypesConfig, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>UseCanonicalName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>User, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>UserDir, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-
httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/httpd/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/usr/lib/httpd/modules/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-dso">Working with Modules</a></dt><dt>/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-dso">Working with Modules</a></dt><dt>/var/cache/mod_proxy/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/cgi-bin/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apa
che-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/html/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/icons/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>~/public_html/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>.htaccess, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>.htpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-sslconf-common">Common ssl.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-enabling">Enabling the mod_ssl Module</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Fil
es</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/logs/access_log, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/logs/error_log, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/run/httpd.pid, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/mime.types, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>modules</dt><dd><dl><dt>developing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-dso-writing">Writing a Module</a></dt><dt>loading, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-dso-loading">Loading a Module</a></dt><dt>mod_rewrite, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-direc
tives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>mod_ssl, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dt>mod_userdir, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">Updating the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-running-restarting">Restarting the Service</a></dt><dt>SSL server</dt><dd><dl><dt>certificate, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">Using an Existing Key and Certificate</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">Generating a New Key and Certificate</a></dt><dt>certificate authority, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a></dt><dt>private key, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a>, <a class="indexterm"
href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">Using an Existing Key and Certificate</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">Generating a New Key and Certificate</a></dt><dt>public key, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-running-starting">Starting the Service</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-running-stopping">Stopping the Service</a></dt><dt>version 2.4</dt><dd><dl><dt>changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>updating from version 2.2, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">Updating the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>virtual host, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-virtualhosts">Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> at , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">At and Batch</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a cl
ass="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Automated Tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Automating_System_Tasks">Automating System Tasks</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>B</h3><dl><dt> batch , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">At and Batch</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>blkid, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid">Using the blkid Command</a></dt><dt>boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>GRUB 2 boot loader, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">Verifying the Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>boot media, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-preparing">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>C</h3><dl
><dt>ch-email .fetchmailrc</dt><dd><dl><dt>global options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">Global Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>chage command</dt><dd><dl><dt>forcing password expiration with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Configuration File Changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></dt><dt>CPU usage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-cpu">Viewing CPU Usage</a></dt><dt>cron, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Cron and Anacron</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>cron configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt><dt>user-defined tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cr
on Jobs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> crontab , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt><dt>CUPS (see Printer Configuration)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>D</h3><dl><dt>df, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>directory server (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>Additional Resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Additional_Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuring DNF and DNF repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories">Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</a></dt><dt>displaying packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf info, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>displaying packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf info, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DNF repositories</d
t><dd><dl><dt>configuring DNF and DNF repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories">Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installing a package group with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>installing with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>listing packages from a single repository with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf repository-packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf group list, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list all, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list available, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt
>dnf list installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf repolist, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>Glob expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>packages and package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">Packages and Package Groups</a></dt><dt>repository, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories">Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</a></dt><dt>searching for packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>setting [main] options, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_main_Options">Setting [main] Options</a></dt><dt>setting [rep
ository] options, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_repository_Options">Setting [repository] Options</a></dt><dt>uninstalling packages with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf remove package_name, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>variables, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_DNF_Variables">Using DNF Variables</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DNF Updates</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking for updates, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Checking_For_Updates">Checking For Updates</a></dt><dt>updating a single package, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating all packages and dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>documentation</dt><dd><dl><dt>finding installed, <a class="indexterm"
href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>drivers (see kernel module)</dt><dt>du, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">Using the du Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>E</h3><dl><dt>ECDSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>email</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-installed-docs">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>related books, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-related-books">Related Books</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Fetchmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">Fetchmail</a></dt><dt>mail server</dt><dd><dl><dt>Dovecot
, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-mail-server-dovecot">Dovecot</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">Postfix</a></dt><dt>Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-mda">Mail Delivery Agents</a></dt><dt>program classifications, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-types">Email Program Classifications</a></dt><dt>protocols, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-protocols">Email Protocols</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>IMAP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-protocols-imap">IMAP</a></dt><dt>POP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-protocols-pop">POP</a></dt><dt>SMTP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-protocols-smtp">SMTP</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>security, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-security">Securing Communication</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>clients, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-security-clients">Secure Email Clients</a></dt><dt>servers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-security-servers">Securing Email Client Communications</a
></dt></dl></dd><dt>Sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">Sendmail</a></dt><dt>spam</dt><dd><dl><dt>filtering out, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>types</dt><dd><dl><dt>Mail Delivery Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-types-mda">Mail Delivery Agent</a></dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-types-mta">Mail Transport Agent</a></dt><dt>Mail User Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-types-mua">Mail User Agent</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>expiration of password, forcing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>F</h3><dl><dt>Fedora installation media</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>feedback</dt><dd><dl><dt>contact information for this manual, <a class="indexterm" href="#idm22545359868
8">We Need Feedback!</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Fetchmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">Fetchmail</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>command options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands">Fetchmail Command Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>informational, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info">Informational or Debugging Options</a></dt><dt>special, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special">Special Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">Fetchmail Configuration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>global options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">Global Options</a></dt><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">Server Options</a></dt><d
t>user options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">User Options</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>file systems, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></dt><dt>findmnt, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt">Using the findmnt Command</a></dt><dt>free, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">Using the free Command</a></dt><dt>FTP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-FTP">FTP</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also vsftpd )</dt><dt>active mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>command port, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>data port, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-FTP">FTP</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ft
p-protocol">The File Transfer Protocol</a></dt><dt>passive mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>server software</dt><dd><dl><dt> Red Hat Content Accelerator , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-servers">FTP Servers</a></dt><dt> vsftpd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-servers">FTP Servers</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>G</h3><dl><dt>gnome-system-log (see System Log)</dt><dt>gnome-system-monitor, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a></dt><dt>GnuPG</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking RPM package signatures, <a class="indexter
m" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Checking Package Signatures</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>group configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>groupadd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>viewing list of groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-configui">Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>groups (see group configuration)</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GID, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>shared directories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">Creating Group Directories</a></dt><dt>tools for
management of</dt><dd><dl><dt>groupadd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-tools">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>user private, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GRUB 2</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring GRUB 2, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>customizing GRUB 2, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>reinstalling GRUB 2, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader">Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GRUB 2 boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kernel-boot-l
oader-grub">Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GUI, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Opening_GUI_Applications">Opening Graphical Applications</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>H</h3><dl><dt>hardware</dt><dd><dl><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">Viewing Hardware Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>HTTP server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>httpd (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>I</h3><dl><dt>information</dt><dd><dl><dt>about your system, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-System_Monitoring_Tools">System Monitoring Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>initial RAM disk image</dt><dd><dl><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>IBM eServer System i, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>initial RPM repo
sitories</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>insmod, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>installing the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>K</h3><dl><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>downloading, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-download">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dt>installing kernel packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>kernel packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt><dt>package, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>performing kernel upgrade, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-
perform-upgrade">Performing the Upgrade</a></dt><dt>RPM package, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>upgrade kernel available, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-download">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Security Advisories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-download">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dt>via Fedora Update System, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-download">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading</dt><dd><dl><dt>preparing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-preparing">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt><dt>working boot media, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-preparing">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel module</dt><dd><dl><dt>definition, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Working_with_
Kernel_Modules">Working with Kernel Modules</a></dt><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/modules-load.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">Persistent Module Loading</a></dt><dt> /lib/modules/kernel_version/kernel/drivers/ , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>/proc/modules, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing</dt><dd><dl><dt>currently loaded modules, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dt>module information, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>loading</dt><dd><dl><dt>at the boot time, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">Persistent Module Loading</a></dt><dt>for the current session, <a class="indext
erm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>module parameters</dt><dd><dl><dt>supplying, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">Setting Module Parameters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>unloading, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dt>utilities</dt><dd><dl><dt>insmod, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a></dt><dt>lsmod, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dt>modinfo, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt><dt>modprobe, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dt>rmmod, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>kernel package</dt><dd><dl><dt>ker
nel</dt><dd><dl><dt>for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-devel</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel headers and makefiles, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-headers</dt><dd><dl><dt>C header files files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>linux-firmware</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>perf</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>kernel upgrading</dt><dd><dl><dt>preparing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-preparing">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>keyboard configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Confi
guration">System Locale and Keyboard Configuration</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>layout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout">Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>L</h3><dl><dt>LDAP (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>localectl (see keyboard configuration)</dt><dt>log files, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also System Log)</dt><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dt>locating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-logfiles-examining">Monitoring Log Files</a></dt><dt>rotating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>rsyslogd daemon, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dt>v
iewing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>logrotate, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>lsblk, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">Using the lsblk Command</a></dt><dt>lscpu, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">Using the lscpu Command</a></dt><dt>lsmod, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>lspci, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">Using the lspci Command</a></dt><dt>lspcmcia, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">Using the lspcmcia Command</a></dt><dt>lsusb, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">Using the lsusb Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>M</h3><dl><dt>Mail Delivery Agent (see email)</dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent (see email) (see MTA)
</dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent Switcher, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>Mail User Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a> (see email)</dt><dt>MDA (see Mail Delivery Agent)</dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>modinfo, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>modprobe, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>module (see kernel module)</dt><dt>module parameters (see kernel module)</dt><dt>MTA (see Mail Transport Agent)</dt><dd><dl><dt>setting default, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email
-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>switching with Mail Transport Agent Switcher, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>MUA, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a> (see Mail User Agent)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>N</h3><dl><dt>net program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>nmblookup program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>O</h3><dl><dt>opannotate (see OProfile)</dt><dt>opcontrol (see OProfile)</dt><dt>OpenLDAP</dt><dd><dl><dt>backends, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-loading_modules_or_backends">Loading Modules and Backends</a></dt><dt>checking status, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-running-status">Verifying the Service Status</a></
dt><dt>client applications, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-packages-applications">Overview of Common LDAP Client Applications</a></dt><dt>configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>database, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>global, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>overview, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-setup">OpenLDAP Server Setup</a></dt><dt>TLS, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-establishing_a_secure_connection">Establishing a Secure Connection</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-setting_up_replication">Setting Up Replication</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-loading_modules_or_backends">Loading Modules and Backends</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directives</dt><dd><dl><dt>olcAllows, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcConnMaxPending, <a class="indexterm" href="
#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcConnMaxPendingAuth, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcDisallows, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcIdleTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcLogFile, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcReadOnly, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcReferral, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcRootDN, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcRootPW, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configura
tion-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcSuffix, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcWriteTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ldap-configuration">Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-setting_up_replication">Setting Up Replication</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-loading_modules_or_backends">Loading Modules and Backends</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/cn=schema/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Extending Schema</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-features">OpenLDAP Features</a></dt><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/openldap/ldap.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ldap-configuration">Configurin
g an OpenLDAP Server</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-establishing_a_secure_connection">Establishing a Secure Connection</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config.ldif, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-establishing_a_secure_connection">Establishing a Secure Connection</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}bdb.ldif, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ldap-installation">Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></dt><dt>migrating authentication information, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-migrationtools">Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format</a></dt><dt>modules, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-loading_modules_or_backends">Loading Modules and Backends</a></dt><dt>packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ldap-inst
allation">Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></dt><dt>replication, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-setting_up_replication">Setting Up Replication</a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-running-restarting">Restarting the Service</a></dt><dt>running, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-running-starting">Starting the Service</a></dt><dt>schema, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Extending Schema</a></dt><dt>security, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-establishing_a_secure_connection">Establishing a Secure Connection</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-running-stopping">Stopping the Service</a></dt><dt>terminology</dt><dd><dl><dt>attribute, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt><dt>entry, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt><dt> LDIF , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>utilities, <a class="inde
xterm" href="#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers">Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients">Overview of OpenLDAP Client Utilities</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>OpenSSH, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-OpenSSH">OpenSSH</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-features">Main Features</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also SSH)</dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>client, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-ssh-clients">OpenSSH Clients</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>scp, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">Using the scp Utility</a></dt><dt>sftp, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-clients-sftp">Using the sftp Utility</a></dt><dt>ssh, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">Using the ssh Utility</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>ECDSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a
></dt></dl></dd><dt>RSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>server, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>ssh-agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt>ssh-keygen</dt><dd><dl><dt>ECDSA, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt><dt>RSA, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>using key-based authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">Using Key-based Authentication</a><
/dt></dl></dd><dt>OpenSSL</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>SSL (see SSL)</dt><dt>TLS (see TLS)</dt></dl></dd><dt>ophelp, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-events">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt><dt>opreport (see OProfile)</dt><dt>OProfile, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-OProfile">OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>/dev/oprofile/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile_additional_resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>separating profiles, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>events</dt><dd><dl><dt>sampling rate, <a class="indexterm"
href="#s3-oprofile-events-sampling">Sampling Rate</a></dt><dt>setting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-events">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Java, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-java-support">OProfile Support for Java</a></dt><dt>monitoring the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt><dt> opannotate , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">Using opannotate</a></dt><dt>opcontrol, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> --no-vmlinux , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt><dt> --start , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dt>--vmlinux=, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ophelp , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-events">Setting Eve
nts to Monitor</a></dt><dt> opreport , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">Using opreport</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-module-output">Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>on a single executable, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> oprofiled , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>log file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>overview of tools, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">Overview of Tools</a></dt><dt>reading data, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">Analyzing the Data</a></dt><dt>saving data, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">Saving Data in Legacy Mode</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm"
href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dt>SystemTap, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">OProfile and SystemTap</a></dt><dt>unit mask, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks">Unit Masks</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>oprofiled (see OProfile)</dt><dt>oprof_start, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-gui">Graphical Interface</a></dt><dt>OS/400 boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>P</h3><dl><dt>package</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved
-dependency">Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</a></dt><dt>determining file ownership with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>displaying packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf info, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>displaying packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf info, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DNF instead of RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-RPM">RPM</a></dt><dt>Fedora installation media, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>finding deleted files from, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>finding Fedora RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>initial RPM repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-findin
g">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>installing a package group with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>installing RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt><dt>installing with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-devel</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel headers and makefiles, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-headers</dt><dd><dl><dt>C header files files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>linux-firmware</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt
>listing packages from a single repository with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf repository-packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf group list, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list all, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list available, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf repolist, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt> Glob expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>locating documentation for, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common E
xamples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>obtaining list of files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>packages and package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">Packages and Package Groups</a></dt><dt>perf</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>querying uninstalled, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>removing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Uninstalling Packages</a></dt><dt>RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-RPM">RPM</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>already installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-errors">Replacing Already-Installed Packages</a></dt><dt>configuration file changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Changes in Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>conflict, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-conf
licting-files">Resolving File Conflicts</a></dt><dt>failed dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</a></dt><dt>freshening, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-freshening">Freshening Packages</a></dt><dt>pristine sources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>querying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-querying">Querying Packages</a></dt><dt>removing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Uninstalling Packages</a></dt><dt>source and binary packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-RPM">RPM</a></dt><dt>tips, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>uninstalling, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Uninstalling Packages</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-verifying">Verifying Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching for packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm
" href="#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>uninstalling packages with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf remove package_name, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>partx, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx">Using the partx Command</a></dt><dt>password</dt><dd><dl><dt>aging, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt><dt>expire, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>passwords</dt><dd><dl><dt>shadow, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups
-shadow-utilities">Shadow Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>pdbedit program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>Postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">Postfix</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>default installation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-postfix-default">The Default Postfix Installation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>Printer Configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>CUPS, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Printer_Configuration">Printer Configuration</a></dt><dt>IPP Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-printing-ipp-printer">Adding an IPP Printer</a></dt><dt>LDP/LPR Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer">Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></dt><dt>Local Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Adding_Other_Printer">Adding a Local Printer</a></dt><dt>New Printer, <a cla
ss="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_Printer">Starting Printer Setup</a></dt><dt>Print Jobs, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-printing-managing">Managing Print Jobs</a></dt><dt>Samba Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></dt><dt>Settings, <a class="indexterm" href="#idm225473930512">The Settings Page</a></dt><dt>Sharing Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Sharing_Printers">Sharing Printers</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>printers (see Printer Configuration)</dt><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">Viewing System Processes</a></dt><dt>Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-mda">Mail Delivery Agents</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">Procmail Configuration</a></dt><dt>recipes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-p
rocmail-recipes">Procmail Recipes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>delivering, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</a></dt><dt>examples, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples">Recipe Examples</a></dt><dt>flags, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags">Flags</a></dt><dt>local lockfiles, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile">Specifying a Local Lockfile</a></dt><dt>non-delivering, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</a></dt><dt>SpamAssassin, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt><dt>special actions, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Special Conditions and Actions</a></dt><dt>special conditions, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Special Conditions and Actions</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>ps, <a clas
s="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">Using the ps Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>R</h3><dl><dt>RAM, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>rcp, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">Using the scp Utility</a></dt><dt>rmmod, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>rpcclient program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-RPM">RPM</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>already installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-errors">Replacing Already-Installed Packages</a></dt><dt>basic modes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-using">Using RPM</a></dt><dt>checking package signatures, <a class="indexterm" h
ref="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Checking Package Signatures</a></dt><dt>configuration file changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Changes in Configuration Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>conf.rpmsave, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Changes in Configuration Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>conflicts, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Resolving File Conflicts</a></dt><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</a></dt><dt>design goals, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>powerful querying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>system verification, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>upgradability, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>determining file ownership with, <a class
="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>documentation with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>failed dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</a></dt><dt>file conflicts</dt><dd><dl><dt>resolving, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Resolving File Conflicts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>file name, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt><dt>finding and verifying RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-find-verify-rpm">Finding and Verifying RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>finding deleted files with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>finding Fedora RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>freshening, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-fresh
ening">Freshening Packages</a></dt><dt>GnuPG, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Checking Package Signatures</a></dt><dt>installing, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt><dt>online documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>querying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-querying">Querying Packages</a></dt><dt>querying for file list, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>querying uninstalled packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>see also, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>tips, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-usage-examples">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>uninstalling, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Uninstalling Packages</a></dt><dt>upgrading,
<a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt><dt>verification, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-verifying">Verifying Packages</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-verifying">Verifying Packages</a></dt><dt>website, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RPM Package Manager (see RPM)</dt><dt>RSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>rsyslog, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>actions, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-Actions">Actions</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog">Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</a></dt><dt>debugging, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-debugging_rsyslog">Debugging Rsyslog</a></dt><dt>filt
ers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-Filters">Filters</a></dt><dt>global directives, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-global_directives">Global Directives</a></dt><dt>log rotation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-log_rotation">Log Rotation</a></dt><dt>modules, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-using_rsyslog_modules">Using Rsyslog Modules</a></dt><dt>new configuration format, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-using_the_new_configuration_format">Using the New Configuration Format</a></dt><dt>queues, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog">Working with Queues in Rsyslog</a></dt><dt>rulesets, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Rulesets">Rulesets</a></dt><dt>templates, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-Templates">Templates</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>S</h3><dl><dt>Samba (see Samba)</dt><dd><dl><dt>Abilities, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">Introduction to Samba</a></dt><dt>Account Information Databases, <a class="in
dexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>ldapsam, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>ldapsam_compat, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>mysqlsam, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Plain Text, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>smbpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>tdbsam, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>xmlsam, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Informati
on Databases</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Additional Resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Backward Compatible Database Back Ends, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Network_Browsing">Samba Network Browsing</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">Configuring a Samba Server</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Command-Line-Configuration">Command-Line Configuration</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>default, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">Configuring a Samba Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>CUPS Print
ing Support, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support">Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>CUPS smb.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-CUPS-smb.conf">Simple smb.conf Settings</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>daemon</dt><dd><dl><dt>nmbd, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt><dt>overview, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt><dt>smbd, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt><dt>winbindd, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>encrypted passwords, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt><dt>graphical configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-GUI_Configuration">Graphical Confi
guration</a></dt><dt>Introduction, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">Introduction to Samba</a></dt><dt>Network Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Network_Browsing">Samba Network Browsing</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Domain Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Domain-Browsing">Domain Browsing</a></dt><dt>WINS, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-WINS">WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>New Database Back Ends, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Programs, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>net, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>nmblookup, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>pdbedit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_
Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>rpcclient, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbcacls, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbclient, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbcontrol, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbspool, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbstatus, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbtar, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>testparm, <a class="indext
erm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>wbinfo, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Reference, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba">Samba</a></dt><dt>Samba Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></dt><dt>Security Modes, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Security_Modes">Samba Security Modes</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level">User-Level Security</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Active Directory Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level">User-Level Security</a></dt><dt>Domain Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level">User-Level Security</a></dt><dt>Share-Level Security, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-Share_Level">Share-Level Security</a></dt><dt>User Level Security, <a class
="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level">User-Level Security</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Server Types, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File</a></dt><dt>server types</dt><dd><dl><dt>Domain Controller, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Domain_Controller">Domain Controller</a></dt><dt>Domain Member, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Domain_Member_Server">Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>Stand Alone, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>service</dt><dd><dl><dt>conditional restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>reloading, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>starting, <a
class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>share</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to via the command line, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>connecting to with Nautilus, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>mounting, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share">Mounting the Share</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>smb.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Active Directory Member Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Domain_Member_Server">Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Print Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Stan
dalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Read Only example, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Read/Write example, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt><dt>NT4-style Domain Member example, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Domain_Member_Server">Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>PDC using Active Directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Domain_Controller">Domain Controller</a></dt><dt>PDC using tdbsam, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Domain_Controller">Domain Controller</a></dt><dt>Secure File and Print Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>smbclient, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>WINS, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-WINS">WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</a></dt><dt>wi
th Windows NT 4.0, 2000, ME, and XP, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>scp (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>Sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">Sendmail</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>aliases, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">Masquerading</a></dt><dt>common configuration changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</a></dt><dt>default installation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-default">The Default Sendmail Installation</a></dt><dt>LDAP and, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap">Using Sendmail with LDAP</a></dt><dt>limitations, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">Purpose and Limitations</a></dt><dt>masquerading, <a class="indexterm" href="
#s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">Masquerading</a></dt><dt>purpose, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">Purpose and Limitations</a></dt><dt>spam, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam">Stopping Spam</a></dt><dt>with UUCP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>services configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Services and Daemons</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> ssystemctl , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-services-running">Running Services</a></dt><dt> systemctl , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-services-configuring">Configuring Services</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>sftp (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>shadow passwords</dt><dd><dl><dt>overview of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Shadow Passwords</a></dt></dl>
</dd><dt>slapd (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>smbcacls program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbclient, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>smbclient program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbcontrol program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbpasswd program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbspool program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbstatus program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbtar program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</
a></dt><dt>SpamAssassin</dt><dd><dl><dt>using with Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>ssh (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>SSH protocol</dt><dd><dl><dt>authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-protocol-authentication">Authentication</a></dt><dt>configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>system-wide configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>user-specific configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>connection sequence, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-conn">Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></dt><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-features">Main Features</a></dt><dt>insecure protocols, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a>
</dt><dt>layers</dt><dd><dl><dt>channels, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-protocol-connection">Channels</a></dt><dt>transport layer, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport">Transport Layer</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>port forwarding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">Port Forwarding</a></dt><dt>requiring for remote login, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></dt><dt>security risks, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-why">Why Use SSH?</a></dt><dt>version 1, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-versions">Protocol Versions</a></dt><dt>version 2, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-versions">Protocol Versions</a></dt><dt>X11 forwarding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">X11 Forwarding</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>ssh-agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt>SSL, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl"
>Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>SSL server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>stunnel, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-security-servers">Securing Email Client Communications</a></dt><dt>system analysis</dt><dd><dl><dt>OProfile (see OProfile)</dt></dl></dd><dt>system information</dt><dd><dl><dt>cpu usage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-cpu">Viewing CPU Usage</a></dt><dt>file systems, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>/dev/shm, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/run, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/sys/fs/cgroup, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>gathering, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-System_Monitoring_Tools">System Monitoring Tools</a></dt><dt>hardware,
<a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">Viewing Hardware Information</a></dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">Viewing System Processes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>currently running, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">Using the top Command</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>System Log</dt><dd><dl><dt>filtering, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt><dt>monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-logfiles-examining">Monitoring Log Files</a></dt><dt>refresh rate, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt><dt>searching, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>System Monitor, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" hr
ef="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a></dt><dt> systemctl (see services configuration)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>T</h3><dl><dt>testparm program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>the Users settings tool (see user configuration)</dt><dt>TLS, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>top, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">Using the top Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>U</h3><dl><dt>user configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>command line configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>chage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-agin
g">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt><dt>passwd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt><dt>useradd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>password</dt><dd><dl><dt>forcing expiration of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>viewing list of users, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-configui">Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>user private groups (see groups)</dt><dd><dl><dt>and shared directories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">Creating Group Directories</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>useradd command</dt><dd><dl><dt>user account creation using, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>users (see user configuration)</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources
">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>tools for management of</dt><dd><dl><dt>the Users setting tool, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-tools">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt><dt>useradd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-tools">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>UID, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>V</h3><dl><dt>virtual host (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt> vsftpd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-servers">FTP Servers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also FTP)</dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indext
erm" href="#s3-ftp-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>condrestart, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>configuration file</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf"> vsftpd Configuration Options</a></dt><dt>access controls, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">Log In Options and Access Controls</a></dt><dt>anonymous user options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon">Anonymous User Options</a></dt><dt>daemon options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon">Daemon Options</a></dt><dt>directory options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir">Directory Options</a></dt><dt>file transfer options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file">File Transfer Options
</a></dt><dt>format of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf"> vsftpd Configuration Options</a></dt><dt>local user options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr">Local User Options</a></dt><dt>logging options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log">Logging Options</a></dt><dt>login options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">Log In Options and Access Controls</a></dt><dt>network options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net">Network Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>multihome configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd </a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>RPM</dt><dd><dl><dt>files installed by, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">Files Installed with vsftpd </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>security features, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-servers">FTP
Servers</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>starting multiple copies of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd </a></dt><dt>status, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>W</h3><dl><dt>wbinfo program, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>web server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>Windows 2000</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows 98</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></
dl></dd><dt>Windows ME</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows NT 4.0</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows XP</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>X</h3><dl><dt>X.500 (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>X.500 Lite (see OpenLDAP)</dt></dl></div></div></div></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/app-Revision_History.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/app-Revision_History.html
index 1f726c8..cb15e0a 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/app-Revision_History.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/app-Revision_History.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html" title="A.5. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ix01.html" title="Index" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_ri
ght.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ix01.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="app-Revision_History" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Revision History</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html" title="A.5. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ix01.html" title="Index" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.pn
g" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ix01.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="app-Revision_History" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Revision History</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
<div class="revhistory"><table summary="Revision History"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="3"><strong>Revision History</strong></th></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 1-6</td><td align="left">Wed May 04 2016</td><td align="left"><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Stephen</span> <span class="surname">Wadeley</span></span></td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist"><tr><td>Fedora 24 Beta release of the <em class="citetitle">System Administrator's Guide</em>.</td></tr></table>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html
index 8bf9201..70f370e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part V. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html" title="18.13. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html" title="19.2. At and Batch" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="
http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Automating_System_Tasks" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 19. Automating System Tasks</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">19.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#sect-Cron-Installing">19.1.1. Installing Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#sect-Cron-Running">19.1.2. Running the Crond Service</a></span><
/dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">19.1.3. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">19.1.4. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-access">19.1.5. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">19.1.6. Black and White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">19.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html#sect-At_and_Batch_Installation">19.2.1. Installing At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Atd-Running.html">19.2.2. Running the At Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s
2-autotasks-at-configuring.html">19.2.3. Configuring an At Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html">19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html">19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html">19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html">19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">19.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm263478895456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part V. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html" title="18.13. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html" title="19.2. At and Batch" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http:/
/docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Automating_System_Tasks" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 19. Automating System Tasks</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">19.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#sect-Cron-Installing">19.1.1. Installing Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#sect-Cron-Running">19.1.2. Running the Crond Service</a></span></dt><d
t><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">19.1.3. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">19.1.4. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-access">19.1.5. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">19.1.6. Black and White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">19.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html#sect-At_and_Batch_Installation">19.2.1. Installing At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Atd-Running.html">19.2.2. Running the At Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-auto
tasks-at-configuring.html">19.2.3. Configuring an At Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html">19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html">19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html">19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html">19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">19.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm225472797616" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Tasks, also known as <em class="firstterm">jobs</em>, can be configured to run automatically within a specified period of time, on a specified date, or when the system load average decreases below 0.8.
</div><div class="para">
Fedora is pre-configured to run important system tasks to keep the system updated. For example, the <span class="database">slocate</span> database used by the <code class="command">locate</code> command is updated daily. A system administrator can use automated tasks to perform periodic backups, monitor the system, run custom scripts, and so on.
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
Every utility is intended for scheduling a different job type: while Cron and Anacron schedule recurring jobs, At and Batch schedule one-time jobs (refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Section 19.1, “Cron and Anacron”</a> and <a class="xref" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">Section 19.2, “At and Batch”</a> respectively).
</div><div class="para">
Fedora supports the use of <code class="systemitem">systemd.timer</code> for executing a job at a specific time. See man <code class="filename">systemd.timer(5)</code> for more information.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-cron-anacron"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">19.1. Cron and Anacron</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263477718080" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490889856" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-cron-anacron"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">19.1. Cron and Anacron</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225474441552" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225432252672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Both Cron and Anacron are daemons that can schedule execution of recurring tasks to a certain point in time defined by the exact time, day of the month, month, day of the week, and week.
</div><div class="para">
Cron jobs can run as often as every minute. However, the utility assumes that the system is running continuously and if the system is not on at the time when a job is scheduled, the job is not executed.
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
To restart the <code class="systemitem">crond</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">systemctl restart crond.service</code></pre><div class="para">
This command stops the service and starts it again in quick succession.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-configuring-anacron-jobs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.1.3. Configuring Anacron Jobs</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263497498832" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497497424" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497495984" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497494544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-configuring-anacron-jobs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.1.3. Configuring Anacron Jobs</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225475312640" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225475311232" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225453575472" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225453574032" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The main configuration file to schedule jobs is the <code class="filename">/etc/anacrontab</code> file, which can be only accessed by the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user. The file contains the following:
</div><pre class="programlisting">SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ START_HOURS_RANGE=16-20
The second job executes the <code class="filename">weeklyjob.bash</code> script in the <code class="filename">/etc/</code> directory once a week.
</div><div class="para">
The third job runs a command, which writes the contents of <code class="filename">/proc</code> to the <code class="filename">/tmp/proc</code> file (<code class="command">ls /proc >> /tmp/proc</code>) once a month.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-configuring-cron-jobs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.1.4. Configuring Cron Jobs</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263480563008" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480561568" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480560128" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480558688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-configuring-cron-jobs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.1.4. Configuring Cron Jobs</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225458937360" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462520864" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462519424" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462517984" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The configuration file for cron jobs is <code class="filename">/etc/crontab</code>, which can be only modified by the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user. The file contains the following:
</div><pre class="programlisting">SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html
index eda38e2..89e98fc 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-chrony_Online_Documentation.html" title="14.6.2. Online Documentation" /><link rel="next" href="s1-NTP_Strata.html" title="15.2. NTP Strata" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common
_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-chrony_Online_Documentation.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-NTP_Strata.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html#s1-Introduction_to_NTP">15.1. Introduction to NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-NTP_Strata.html">15.2. NTP Strata</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_NTP.html">15.3. Understanding NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html">15.4. Understanding the Drift File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="
section"><a href="s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html">15.5. UTC, Timezones, and DST</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html">15.6. Authentication Options for NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html">15.7. Managing the Time on Virtual Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html">15.8. Understanding Leap Seconds</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File.html">15.9. Understanding the ntpd Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html">15.10. Understanding the ntpd Sysconfig File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Disabling_chrony.html">15.11. Disabling chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html">15.12. Checking if the NTP Daemon
is Installed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html">15.13. Installing the NTP Daemon (ntpd)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html">15.14. Checking the Status of NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html">15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html#s2-Change_the_firewall_settings">15.15.1. Change the Firewall Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html">15.15.2. Open Ports in the Firewall for NTP Packets</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers.html">15.16. Configure ntpdate Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_NTP.html">15.17. C
onfigure NTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_NTP.html#s2-Configure_Access_Control_to_an_NTP_service">15.17.1. Configure Access Control to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html">15.17.2. Configure Rate Limiting Access to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html">15.17.3. Adding a Peer Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html">15.17.4. Adding a Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html">15.17.5. Adding a Broadcast or Multicast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html">15.17.6. Adding a Manycast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html">15.17.7. Addin
g a Broadcast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html">15.17.8. Adding a Manycast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html">15.17.9. Adding a Multicast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html">15.17.10. Configuring the Burst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option.html">15.17.11. Configuring the iburst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html">15.17.12. Configuring Symmetric Authentication Using a Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval.html">15.17.13. Configuring the Poll Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html">15.17.14. Configuring Server Preference</a></span><
/dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html">15.17.15. Configuring the Time-to-Live for NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html">15.17.16. Configuring the NTP Version to Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html">15.18. Configuring the Hardware Clock Update</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html">15.19. Configuring Clock Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html">15.20. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html#s2-ntpd-docs-inst">15.20.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html">15.20.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-chrony_Online_Documentation.html" title="14.6.2. Online Documentation" /><link rel="next" href="s1-NTP_Strata.html" title="15.2. NTP Strata" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Conte
nt/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-chrony_Online_Documentation.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-NTP_Strata.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html#s1-Introduction_to_NTP">15.1. Introduction to NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-NTP_Strata.html">15.2. NTP Strata</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_NTP.html">15.3. Understanding NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html">15.4. Understanding the Drift File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sectio
n"><a href="s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html">15.5. UTC, Timezones, and DST</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html">15.6. Authentication Options for NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html">15.7. Managing the Time on Virtual Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html">15.8. Understanding Leap Seconds</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File.html">15.9. Understanding the ntpd Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html">15.10. Understanding the ntpd Sysconfig File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Disabling_chrony.html">15.11. Disabling chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html">15.12. Checking if the NTP Daemon is In
stalled</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html">15.13. Installing the NTP Daemon (ntpd)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html">15.14. Checking the Status of NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html">15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html#s2-Change_the_firewall_settings">15.15.1. Change the Firewall Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html">15.15.2. Open Ports in the Firewall for NTP Packets</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers.html">15.16. Configure ntpdate Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_NTP.html">15.17. Configu
re NTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_NTP.html#s2-Configure_Access_Control_to_an_NTP_service">15.17.1. Configure Access Control to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html">15.17.2. Configure Rate Limiting Access to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html">15.17.3. Adding a Peer Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html">15.17.4. Adding a Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html">15.17.5. Adding a Broadcast or Multicast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html">15.17.6. Adding a Manycast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html">15.17.7. Adding a Br
oadcast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html">15.17.8. Adding a Manycast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html">15.17.9. Adding a Multicast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html">15.17.10. Configuring the Burst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option.html">15.17.11. Configuring the iburst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html">15.17.12. Configuring Symmetric Authentication Using a Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval.html">15.17.13. Configuring the Poll Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html">15.17.14. Configuring Server Preference</a></span></dt><d
t><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html">15.17.15. Configuring the Time-to-Live for NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html">15.17.16. Configuring the NTP Version to Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html">15.18. Configuring the Hardware Clock Update</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html">15.19. Configuring Clock Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html">15.20. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html#s2-ntpd-docs-inst">15.20.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html">15.20.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
</div><div class="section" id="s1-Introduction_to_NTP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.1. Introduction to NTP</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Network Time Protocol</em> (<acronym class="acronym">NTP</acronym>) enables the accurate dissemination of time and date information in order to keep the time clocks on networked computer systems synchronized to a common reference over the network or the Internet. Many standards bodies around the world have atomic clocks which may be made available as a reference. The satellites that make up the Global Position System contain more than one atomic clock, making their time signals potentially very accurate. Their signals can be deliberately degraded for military reasons. An ideal situation would be where each site has a server, with its own reference clock attached, to act as a site-wide time server. Many devices which obtain the time and date via low frequency radio transmissions or the Global Position System (GPS) exist. However for most situations, a range of publicly accessible time servers connected to the Internet at geographically dispersed l
ocations can be used. These <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> servers provide <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><em class="firstterm">Coordinated Universal Time</em></span>”</span> (<acronym class="acronym">UTC</acronym>). Information about these time servers can found at <em class="citetitle">www.pool.ntp.org</em>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html
index 4508d4d..a8bcc7a 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html" title="13.3.11. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Understanding_chrony_and-its_configuration.html" title="14.2. Understanding chrony and Its Configuration" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><
a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Understanding_chrony_and-its_configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 14. Configuring NTP Using the chrony Suite</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html#sect-Introduction_to_the_chrony_Suite">14.1. Introduction to the chrony Suite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html#sect-differences_between_ntpd_and_chronyd">14.1.1. Differences Betwee
n ntpd and chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html#sect-Choosing_between_NTP_daemon">14.1.2. Choosing Between NTP Daemons</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_chrony_and-its_configuration.html">14.2. Understanding chrony and Its Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_chrony_and-its_configuration.html#sect-Understanding_chronyd">14.2.1. Understanding chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_chronyc.html">14.2.2. Understanding chronyc</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_the_chrony_configuration_commands.html">14.2.3. Understanding the chrony Configuration Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Security_with_chronyc.html">14.2.4. Security with chronyc</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chrony.h
tml">14.3. Using chrony</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chrony.html#sect-Installing_chrony">14.3.1. Installing chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Checking_the_Status_of_chronyd.html">14.3.2. Checking the Status of chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Starting_chronyd.html">14.3.3. Starting chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Stopping_chronyd.html">14.3.4. Stopping chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Checking_if_chrony_is_synchronized.html">14.3.5. Checking if chrony is Synchronized</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Manually_Adjusting-the-System_Clock.html">14.3.6. Manually Adjusting the System Clock</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_different_environments.html">14.4. Setting Up chrony for Different Environments</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><
a href="sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_different_environments.html#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_which_is_infrequently_connected">14.4.1. Setting Up chrony for a System Which is Infrequently Connected</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_in_an_isolated_network.html">14.4.2. Setting Up chrony for a System in an Isolated Network</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chronyc.html">14.5. Using chronyc</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chronyc.html#sect-Using_chronyc_chronyc_to_control_chronyd">14.5.1. Using chronyc to Control chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chronyc_for_remote_administration.html">14.5.2. Using chronyc for Remote Administration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-additional_resources.html">14.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-add
itional_resources.html#s2-chrony-docs-inst">14.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-chrony_Online_Documentation.html">14.6.2. Online Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html" title="13.3.11. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Understanding_chrony_and-its_configuration.html" title="14.2. Understanding chrony and Its Configuration" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a clas
s="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Understanding_chrony_and-its_configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 14. Configuring NTP Using the chrony Suite</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html#sect-Introduction_to_the_chrony_Suite">14.1. Introduction to the chrony Suite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html#sect-differences_between_ntpd_and_chronyd">14.1.1. Differences Between ntpd
and chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html#sect-Choosing_between_NTP_daemon">14.1.2. Choosing Between NTP Daemons</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_chrony_and-its_configuration.html">14.2. Understanding chrony and Its Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_chrony_and-its_configuration.html#sect-Understanding_chronyd">14.2.1. Understanding chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_chronyc.html">14.2.2. Understanding chronyc</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_the_chrony_configuration_commands.html">14.2.3. Understanding the chrony Configuration Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Security_with_chronyc.html">14.2.4. Security with chronyc</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chrony.html">1
4.3. Using chrony</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chrony.html#sect-Installing_chrony">14.3.1. Installing chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Checking_the_Status_of_chronyd.html">14.3.2. Checking the Status of chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Starting_chronyd.html">14.3.3. Starting chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Stopping_chronyd.html">14.3.4. Stopping chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Checking_if_chrony_is_synchronized.html">14.3.5. Checking if chrony is Synchronized</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Manually_Adjusting-the-System_Clock.html">14.3.6. Manually Adjusting the System Clock</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_different_environments.html">14.4. Setting Up chrony for Different Environments</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href
="sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_different_environments.html#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_which_is_infrequently_connected">14.4.1. Setting Up chrony for a System Which is Infrequently Connected</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_in_an_isolated_network.html">14.4.2. Setting Up chrony for a System in an Isolated Network</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chronyc.html">14.5. Using chronyc</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chronyc.html#sect-Using_chronyc_chronyc_to_control_chronyd">14.5.1. Using chronyc to Control chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chronyc_for_remote_administration.html">14.5.2. Using chronyc for Remote Administration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-additional_resources.html">14.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-additiona
l_resources.html#s2-chrony-docs-inst">14.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-chrony_Online_Documentation.html">14.6.2. Online Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Accurate time keeping is important for a number of reasons in IT. In networking for example, accurate time stamps in packets and logs are required. In Linux systems, the <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> protocol is implemented by a daemon running in user space.
</div><div class="para">
The user space daemon updates the system clock running in the kernel. The system clock can keep time by using various clock sources. Usually, the <em class="firstterm">Time Stamp Counter</em> (<acronym class="acronym">TSC</acronym>) is used. The TSC is a CPU register which counts the number of cycles since it was last reset. It is very fast, has a high resolution, and there are no interrupts.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html
index 23594bd..d91b4a1 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html" title="15.20.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Using_PTP.html" title="16.2. Using PTP" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/ima
ges/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Using_PTP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 16. Configuring PTP Using ptp4l</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html#sec-Introduction_to_PTP">16.1. Introduction to PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html#sec-Understanding_PTP">16.1.1. Understanding PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html#sec-Advantages_of_PTP">16.1.2. Advantages of PTP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_PTP.html">
16.2. Using PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_PTP.html#sec-Checking_for_Driver_and_Hardware_Support">16.2.1. Checking for Driver and Hardware Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_PTP.html">16.2.2. Installing PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Starting_ptp4l.html">16.2.3. Starting ptp4l</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Specifying_a_Configuration_File.html">16.3. Specifying a Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_the_PTP_Management_Client.html">16.4. Using the PTP Management Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Synchronizing_the_Clocks.html">16.5. Synchronizing the Clocks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Verifying_Time_Synchronization.html">16.6. Verifying Time Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Serving_PTP_Time_with_NTP.html">16.7.
Serving PTP Time with NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Serving_NTP_Time_with_PTP.html">16.8. Serving NTP Time with PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Synchronize_to_PTP_or_NTP_Time_Using_timemaster.html">16.9. Synchronize to PTP or NTP Time Using timemaster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Synchronize_to_PTP_or_NTP_Time_Using_timemaster.html#sec-Starting_timemaster_as_a_Service">16.9.1. Starting timemaster as a Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Understanding_the_timemaster_Configuration_File.html">16.9.2. Understanding the timemaster Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options.html">16.9.3. Configuring timemaster Options</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Improving_Accuracy.html">16.10. Improving Accuracy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.
html">16.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html#sec-PTP-docs-inst">16.11.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PTP_useful-websites.html">16.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" id="sec-Introduction_to_PTP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">16.1. Introduction to PTP</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html" title="15.20.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Using_PTP.html" title="16.2. Using PTP" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/im
age_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Using_PTP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 16. Configuring PTP Using ptp4l</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html#sec-Introduction_to_PTP">16.1. Introduction to PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html#sec-Understanding_PTP">16.1.1. Understanding PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html#sec-Advantages_of_PTP">16.1.2. Advantages of PTP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_PTP.html">16.2.
Using PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_PTP.html#sec-Checking_for_Driver_and_Hardware_Support">16.2.1. Checking for Driver and Hardware Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_PTP.html">16.2.2. Installing PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Starting_ptp4l.html">16.2.3. Starting ptp4l</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Specifying_a_Configuration_File.html">16.3. Specifying a Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_the_PTP_Management_Client.html">16.4. Using the PTP Management Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Synchronizing_the_Clocks.html">16.5. Synchronizing the Clocks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Verifying_Time_Synchronization.html">16.6. Verifying Time Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Serving_PTP_Time_with_NTP.html">16.7. Servi
ng PTP Time with NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Serving_NTP_Time_with_PTP.html">16.8. Serving NTP Time with PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Synchronize_to_PTP_or_NTP_Time_Using_timemaster.html">16.9. Synchronize to PTP or NTP Time Using timemaster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Synchronize_to_PTP_or_NTP_Time_Using_timemaster.html#sec-Starting_timemaster_as_a_Service">16.9.1. Starting timemaster as a Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Understanding_the_timemaster_Configuration_File.html">16.9.2. Understanding the timemaster Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options.html">16.9.3. Configuring timemaster Options</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Improving_Accuracy.html">16.10. Improving Accuracy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html">
16.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html#sec-PTP-docs-inst">16.11.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PTP_useful-websites.html">16.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" id="sec-Introduction_to_PTP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">16.1. Introduction to PTP</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Precision Time Protocol</em> (<acronym class="acronym">PTP</acronym>) is a protocol used to synchronize clocks in a network. When used in conjunction with hardware support, <code class="systemitem">PTP</code> is capable of sub-microsecond accuracy, which is far better than is normally obtainable with <code class="systemitem">NTP</code>. <code class="systemitem">PTP</code> support is divided between the kernel and user space. The kernel in Fedora includes support for <code class="systemitem">PTP</code> clocks, which are provided by network drivers. The actual implementation of the protocol is known as <span class="application"><strong>linuxptp</strong></span>, a <code class="systemitem">PTPv2</code> implementation according to the IEEE standard 1588 for Linux.
</div><div class="para">
The <span class="package">linuxptp</span> package includes the <span class="application"><strong>ptp4l</strong></span> and <span class="application"><strong>phc2sys</strong></span> programs for clock synchronization. The <span class="application"><strong>ptp4l</strong></span> program implements the <code class="systemitem">PTP</code> boundary clock and ordinary clock. With hardware time stamping, it is used to synchronize the <code class="systemitem">PTP</code> hardware clock to the master clock, and with software time stamping it synchronizes the system clock to the master clock. The <span class="application"><strong>phc2sys</strong></span> program is needed only with hardware time stamping, for synchronizing the system clock to the <code class="systemitem">PTP</code> hardware clock on the <em class="firstterm">network interface card</em> (<acronym class="acronym">NIC</acronym>).
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html
index 0c6bda8..fe81fa9 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources.html" title="2.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date.html" title="3.2. Using the date Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site
" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 3. Configuring the Date and Time</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl">3.1. Using the timedatectl Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Display">3.1.1. Displaying the Current Date and
Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time">3.1.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Date">3.1.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time_Zone">3.1.4. Changing the Time Zone</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-NTP">3.1.5. Synchronizing the System Clock with a Remote Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date.html">3.2. Using the date Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date.html#sect-Configuring_the_Dat
e_and_Time-date-Display">3.2.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Time.html">3.2.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Date.html">3.2.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-hwclock.html">3.3. Using the hwclock Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-hwclock.html#sect2-displaying-time-hwclock">3.3.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect3-changing-date-time-hwclock.html">3.3.2. Setting the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect4-synchronizing-date-time-hwclock.html">3.3.3. Synchronizing the Date and Time</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Date_and_Ti
me-Resources.html">3.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources.html" title="2.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date.html" title="3.2. Using the date Command" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></
a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 3. Configuring the Date and Time</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl">3.1. Using the timedatectl Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Display">3.1.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</
a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time">3.1.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Date">3.1.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time_Zone">3.1.4. Changing the Time Zone</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-NTP">3.1.5. Synchronizing the System Clock with a Remote Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date.html">3.2. Using the date Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_
Time-date-Display">3.2.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Time.html">3.2.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Date.html">3.2.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-hwclock.html">3.3. Using the hwclock Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-hwclock.html#sect2-displaying-time-hwclock">3.3.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect3-changing-date-time-hwclock.html">3.3.2. Setting the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect4-synchronizing-date-time-hwclock.html">3.3.3. Synchronizing the Date and Time</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Date_and_Time-Res
ources.html">3.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="para">
Modern operating systems distinguish between the following two types of clocks:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">real-time clock</em> (<acronym class="acronym">RTC</acronym>), commonly referred to as a <em class="firstterm">hardware clock</em>, (typically an integrated circuit on the system board) that is completely independent of the current state of the operating system and runs even when the computer is shut down.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-DNF.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-DNF.html
index efa4080..965a73e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-DNF.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-DNF.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Package_Management.html" title="Part II. Package Management" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Package_Management.html" title="Part II. Package Management" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="6.2. Packages and Package Groups" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href
="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Package_Management.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-DNF" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 6. DNF</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">6.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Checking_For_Updates">6.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Updating_Packages">6.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Preserving_Configuratio
n_File_Changes">6.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">6.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">6.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">6.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">6.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing.html">6.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Removing.html">6.2.5. Removing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-DNF-Transaction_History.html">6.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html"
>6.3. Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html#sec-Setting_main_Options">6.3.1. Setting [main] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html">6.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_DNF_Variables.html">6.3.3. Using DNF Variables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html">6.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html">6.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Additional_Resources.html">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Package_Management.html" title="Part II. Package Management" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Package_Management.html" title="Part II. Package Management" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="6.2. Packages and Package Groups" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http
://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Package_Management.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-DNF" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 6. DNF</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">6.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Checking_For_Updates">6.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Updating_Packages">6.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File
_Changes">6.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">6.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">6.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">6.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">6.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing.html">6.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Removing.html">6.2.5. Removing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-DNF-Transaction_History.html">6.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html">6.3.
Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html#sec-Setting_main_Options">6.3.1. Setting [main] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html">6.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_DNF_Variables.html">6.3.3. Using DNF Variables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html">6.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html">6.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Additional_Resources.html">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> is the The Fedora Project package manager that is able to query for information about packages, fetch packages from repositories, install and uninstall packages using automatic dependency resolution, and update an entire system to the latest available packages. DNF performs automatic dependency resolution on packages you are updating, installing or removing, and thus is able to automatically determine, fetch and install all available dependent packages. DNF can be configured with new, additional repositories, or <em class="firstterm">package sources</em>, and also provides many plug-ins which enhance and extend its capabilities. DNF is able to perform many of the same tasks that <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> can; additionally, many of the command line options are similar. DNF enables easy and simple package management on a single machine or on groups of them.
</div><div class="important" id="important-Secure_Package_Management_with_GPG-Signed_Packages"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Secure package management with GPG-signed packages</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
DNF provides secure package management by enabling GPG (Gnu Privacy Guard; also known as GnuPG) signature verification on GPG-signed packages to be turned on for all package repositories (package sources), or for individual repositories. When signature verification is enabled, DNF will refuse to install any packages not GPG-signed with the correct key for that repository. This means that you can trust that the <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages you download and install on your system are from a trusted source, such as The Fedora Project, and were not modified during transfer. See <a class="xref" href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html">Section 6.3, “Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories”</a> for details on enabling signature-checking with DNF, or <a class="xref" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Section A.3.2, “Checking Package Signatures”</a> for information on working with and verifying GPG-signed <span class="application"><st
rong>RPM</strong></span> packages in general.
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
Learning DNF is a worthwhile investment because it is often the fastest way to perform system administration tasks, and it provides capabilities beyond those provided by the <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> graphical package management tools.
</div><div class="note" id="note-Note_DNF_and_Superuser_Privileges"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>DNF and superuser privileges</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
You must have superuser privileges in order to use the <code class="command">dnf</code> command to install, update or remove packages on your system. All examples in this chapter assume that you have already obtained superuser privileges by using either the <code class="command">su</code> or <code class="command">sudo</code> command.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Checking_For_Updates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.1.1. Checking For Updates</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263481188656" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Checking_For_Updates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.1.1. Checking For Updates</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225437783344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The quickest way to check for updates is to attempt to install any available updates by using the <code class="command">dnf upgrade</code> command as follows:
<pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf upgrade</code>
Last metadata expiration check performed 1:24:32 ago on Thu May 14 23:23:51 2015.
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ python-libs.x86_64 2.7.9-6.fc22 updates</pre><div class=
<code class="computeroutput">6.fc22</code> — the release of the updated package,
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="computeroutput">updates-testing</code> — the repository in which the updated package is located.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Updating_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.1.2. Updating Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263492364288" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Updating_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.1.2. Updating Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225463449648" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can choose to update a single package, multiple packages, or all packages at once. If any dependencies of the package, or packages, you update have updates available themselves, then they are updated too.
- </div><h4 id="bh-Updating_a_Single_Package"> Updating a Single Package </h4><a id="idm263492361552" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="bh-Updating_a_Single_Package"> Updating a Single Package </h4><a id="idm225463446912" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To update a single package, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">dnf</code> <code class="option">upgrade</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
For example, to update the <span class="package">python</span> package, type:
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ Is this ok [y/N]:</pre><div class="para">
DNF always <span class="emphasis"><em>installs</em></span> a new kernel in the same sense that <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> installs a new kernel when you use the command <code class="command">rpm -i kernel</code>. Therefore, you do not need to worry about the distinction between <span class="emphasis"><em>installing</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>upgrading</em></span> a kernel package when you use the <code class="command">dnf</code> command: it will do the right thing, regardless of whether you are using the <code class="command">dnf upgrade</code> or <code class="command">dnf install</code> command.
</div><div class="para">
When using <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, on the other hand, it is important to use the <code class="command">rpm -i kernel</code> command (which installs a new kernel) instead of <code class="command">rpm -u kernel</code> (which <span class="emphasis"><em>replaces</em></span> the current kernel). See <a class="xref" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Section A.2.1, “Installing and Upgrading Packages”</a> for more information on installing and updating kernels with <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>.
- </div></div></div><h4 id="bh-Updating_All_Packages_and_Their_Dependencies"> Updating All Packages and Their Dependencies </h4><a id="idm263492862464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><h4 id="bh-Updating_All_Packages_and_Their_Dependencies"> Updating All Packages and Their Dependencies </h4><a id="idm225461802064" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To update all packages and their dependencies, enter <code class="command">dnf upgrade</code> without any arguments:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">dnf upgrade</code></pre></div><div class="section" id="sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263487247888" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">dnf upgrade</code></pre></div><div class="section" id="sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225490431824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You will inevitably make changes to the configuration files installed by packages as you use your Fedora system. <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, which DNF uses to perform changes to the system, provides a mechanism for ensuring their integrity. See <a class="xref" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Section A.2.1, “Installing and Upgrading Packages”</a> for details on how to manage changes to configuration files across package upgrades.
</div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Package_Management.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Part II. Package Management</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html"><strong>Next</strong>6.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Directory_Servers.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Directory_Servers.html
index 3b7f9df..b750f50 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Directory_Servers.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Directory_Servers.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-related-books.html" title="11.6.3. Related Books" /><link rel="next" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html" title="Chapter 13. File and Print Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org">
<img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-related-books.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Directory_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 12. Directory Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s1-OpenLDAP">12.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-introduction">12.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">12.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">12
.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-selinux-openldap">12.1.4. SELinux Policy for Applications Using LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-running">12.1.5. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-pam">12.1.6. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-resources">12.1.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-related-books">12.1.8. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-OpenLDAP" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">12.1. OpenLDAP</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263473719792" class="indexterm"></a><a id=
"idm263473721584" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263473956704" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263473959904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-related-books.html" title="11.6.3. Related Books" /><link rel="next" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html" title="Chapter 13. File and Print Servers" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img s
rc="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-related-books.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Directory_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 12. Directory Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s1-OpenLDAP">12.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-introduction">12.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">12.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">12.1.3.
Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-selinux-openldap">12.1.4. SELinux Policy for Applications Using LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-running">12.1.5. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-pam">12.1.6. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-resources">12.1.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-related-books">12.1.8. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-OpenLDAP" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">12.1. OpenLDAP</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225428598144" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm22
5428600256" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225428600752" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225428603952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is a set of open protocols used to access centrally stored information over a network. It is based on the <code class="systemitem">X.500</code> standard for directory sharing, but is less complex and resource-intensive. For this reason, LDAP is sometimes referred to as <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">X.500 Lite</span>”</span>.
</div><div class="para">
Like X.500, LDAP organizes information in a hierarchical manner using directories. These directories can store a variety of information such as names, addresses, or phone numbers, and can even be used in a manner similar to the <em class="firstterm">Network Information Service</em> (<acronym class="acronym">NIS</acronym>), enabling anyone to access their account from any machine on the LDAP enabled network.
@@ -22,17 +22,17 @@
The LDAP server supports several database systems, which gives administrators the flexibility to choose the best suited solution for the type of information they are planning to serve. Because of a well-defined client <em class="firstterm">Application Programming Interface</em> (<acronym class="acronym">API</acronym>), the number of applications able to communicate with an LDAP server is numerous, and increasing in both quantity and quality.
</div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-terminology"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.1.1. LDAP Terminology</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following is a list of LDAP-specific terms that are used within this chapter:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263473977120" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225427504688" class="indexterm"></a>
entry </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A single unit within an LDAP directory. Each entry is identified by its unique <em class="firstterm">Distinguished Name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">DN</acronym>).
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263473992544" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225500951392" class="indexterm"></a>
attribute </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Information directly associated with an entry. For example, if an organization is represented as an LDAP entry, attributes associated with this organization might include an address, a fax number, etc. Similarly, people can be represented as entries with common attributes such as personal telephone number or email address.
</div><div class="para">
An attribute can either have a single value, or an unordered space-separated list of values. While certain attributes are optional, others are required. Required attributes are specified using the <code class="option">objectClass</code> definition, and can be found in schema files located in the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/cn=schema/</code> directory.
</div><div class="para">
The assertion of an attribute and its corresponding value is also referred to as a <em class="firstterm">Relative Distinguished Name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">RDN</acronym>). Unlike distinguished names that are unique globally, a relative distinguished name is only unique per entry.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263473989136" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225500947984" class="indexterm"></a>
LDIF </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">LDAP Data Interchange Format</em> (<acronym class="acronym">LDIF</acronym>) is a plain text representation of an LDAP entry. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>id</code></em></span>] dn: <em class="replaceable"><code>distinguished_name</code></em>
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
<em class="replaceable"><code>attribute_type</code></em>: <em class="replaceable"><code>attribute_value</code></em>…
…</pre><div class="para">
The optional <em class="replaceable"><code>id</code></em> is a number determined by the application that is used to edit the entry. Each entry can contain as many <em class="replaceable"><code>attribute_type</code></em> and <em class="replaceable"><code>attribute_value</code></em> pairs as needed, as long as they are all defined in a corresponding schema file. A blank line indicates the end of an entry.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.1.2. OpenLDAP Features</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474002432" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.1.2. OpenLDAP Features</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225469270960" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OpenLDAP suite provides a number of important features:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>LDAPv3 Support</em></span> — Many of the changes in the protocol since LDAP version 2 are designed to make LDAP more secure. Among other improvements, this includes the support for Simple Authentication and Security Layer (<acronym class="acronym">SASL</acronym>), Transport Layer Security (<acronym class="acronym">TLS</acronym>), and Secure Sockets Layer (<acronym class="acronym">SSL</acronym>) protocols.
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
<span class="emphasis"><em>Updated C API</em></span> — The current C API improves the way programmers can connect to and use LDAP directory servers.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Enhanced Standalone LDAP Server</em></span> — This includes an updated access control system, thread pooling, better tools, and much more.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-setup"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.1.3. OpenLDAP Server Setup</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474015856" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-setup"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.1.3. OpenLDAP Server Setup</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225440632656" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The typical steps to set up an LDAP server on Fedora are as follows:
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Install the OpenLDAP suite. See <a class="xref" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">Section 12.1.2, “Installing the OpenLDAP Suite”</a> for more information on required packages.
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
Use the <code class="command">ldapadd</code> utility to add entries to the LDAP directory.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Use the <code class="command">ldapsearch</code> utility to verify that the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service is accessing the information correctly.
- </div></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-installation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">12.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263474030464" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474070224" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-installation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">12.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225430714960" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225430716128" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The suite of OpenLDAP libraries and tools is provided by the following packages:
</div><div class="table" id="table-ldap-packages-openldap"><h6>Table 12.1. List of OpenLDAP packages</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="List of OpenLDAP packages" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%" class="package" /><col width="67%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Package
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
For example, to perform the basic LDAP server installation, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install openldap openldap-clients openldap-servers</code></pre><div class="para">
Note that you must have superuser privileges (that is, you must be logged in as <code class="systemitem">root</code>) to run this command. For more information on how to install new packages in Fedora, see <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing.html">Section 6.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.2.1. Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474074672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.2.1. Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225436584768" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To perform administrative tasks, the <span class="package">openldap-servers</span> package installs the following utilities along with the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service:
</div><div class="table" id="table-ldap-packages-openldap-servers"><h6>Table 12.3. List of OpenLDAP server utilities</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="List of OpenLDAP server utilities" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%" class="command" /><col width="67%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Command
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
To preserve the data integrity, stop the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service before using <code class="command">slapadd</code>, <code class="command">slapcat</code>, or <code class="command">slapindex</code>. You can do so by typing the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl stop slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on how to start, stop, restart, and check the current status of the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service, see <a class="xref" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-running">Section 12.1.5, “Running an OpenLDAP Server”</a>.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.2.2. Overview of OpenLDAP Client Utilities</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474121792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.2.2. Overview of OpenLDAP Client Utilities</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225458398400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="package">openldap-clients</span> package installs the following utilities which can be used to add, modify, and delete entries in an LDAP directory:
</div><div class="table" id="table-ldap-packages-openldap-clients"><h6>Table 12.4. List of OpenLDAP client utilities</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="List of OpenLDAP client utilities" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%" class="command" /><col width="67%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Command
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@
Allows you to perform a <code class="option">whoami</code> operation on an LDAP server.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
With the exception of <code class="command">ldapsearch</code>, each of these utilities is more easily used by referencing a file containing the changes to be made rather than typing a command for each entry to be changed within an LDAP directory. The format of such a file is outlined in the man page for each utility.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-applications"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.2.3. Overview of Common LDAP Client Applications</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474154032" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-applications"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.2.3. Overview of Common LDAP Client Applications</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225469568704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although there are various graphical LDAP clients capable of creating and modifying directories on the server, none of them is included in Fedora. Popular applications that can access directories in a read-only mode include <span class="application"><strong>Mozilla Thunderbird</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, or <span class="application"><strong>Ekiga</strong></span>.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">12.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
By default, the OpenLDAP configuration is stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/</code> directory. The following table highlights the most important directories and files within this directory:
@@ -218,12 +218,12 @@
</th><th class="">
Description
</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="">
- <a id="idm263474166976" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225451181264" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/openldap/ldap.conf</code>
</td><td class="">
The configuration file for client applications that use the OpenLDAP libraries. This includes <code class="command">ldapadd</code>, <code class="command">ldapsearch</code>, <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, etc.
</td></tr><tr><td class="">
- <a id="idm263474172176" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225451187072" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/</code>
</td><td class="">
The directory containing the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> configuration.
@@ -233,9 +233,9 @@
The <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> configuration consists of LDIF entries organized in a hierarchical directory structure, and the recommended way to edit these entries is to use the server utilities described in <a class="xref" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers">Section 12.1.2.1, “Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities”</a>.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not edit LDIF files directly</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
An error in an LDIF file can render the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service unable to start. Because of this, it is strongly advised that you avoid editing the LDIF files within the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/</code> directly.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-global"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.1. Changing the Global Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474186992" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474188544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-global"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.1. Changing the Global Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225439058864" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225439061536" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Global configuration options for the LDAP server are stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config.ldif</code> file. The following directives are commonly used:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263474193296" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225498861296" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcAllows</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcAllows</code> directive allows you to specify which features to enable. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcAllows</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>feature</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -264,17 +264,17 @@
<code class="option">proxy_authz_anon</code>
</td><td class="">
Enables processing of anonymous proxy authorization control.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcallows"><h6>Example 12.1. Using the olcAllows directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcAllows: bind_v2 update_anon</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263474219984" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcallows"><h6>Example 12.1. Using the olcAllows directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcAllows: bind_v2 update_anon</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225501209040" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcConnMaxPending</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcConnMaxPending</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of pending requests for an anonymous session. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcConnMaxPending</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The default option is <code class="option">100</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcconnmaxpending"><h6>Example 12.2. Using the olcConnMaxPending directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcConnMaxPending: 100</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263474228736" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcconnmaxpending"><h6>Example 12.2. Using the olcConnMaxPending directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcConnMaxPending: 100</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225472340880" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcConnMaxPendingAuth</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcConnMaxPendingAuth</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of pending requests for an authenticated session. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcConnMaxPendingAuth</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The default option is <code class="option">1000</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcconnmaxpendingauth"><h6>Example 12.3. Using the olcConnMaxPendingAuth directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcConnMaxPendingAuth: 1000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263474237808" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcconnmaxpendingauth"><h6>Example 12.3. Using the olcConnMaxPendingAuth directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcConnMaxPendingAuth: 1000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225472350000" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcDisallows</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcDisallows</code> directive allows you to specify which features to disable. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcDisallows</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>feature</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -299,39 +299,39 @@
<code class="option">tls_authc</code>
</td><td class="">
Disallows the STARTTLS command when authenticated.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcdisallows"><h6>Example 12.4. Using the olcDisallows directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcDisallows: bind_anon</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263474261776" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcdisallows"><h6>Example 12.4. Using the olcDisallows directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcDisallows: bind_anon</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225462718016" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcIdleTimeout</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcIdleTimeout</code> directive allows you to specify how many seconds to wait before closing an idle connection. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcIdleTimeout</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This option is disabled by default (that is, set to <code class="option">0</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcidletimeout"><h6>Example 12.5. Using the olcIdleTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcIdleTimeout: 180</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263474272400" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcidletimeout"><h6>Example 12.5. Using the olcIdleTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcIdleTimeout: 180</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225475453296" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcLogFile</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcLogFile</code> directive allows you to specify a file in which to write log messages. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcLogFile</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The log messages are written to standard error by default.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olclogfile"><h6>Example 12.6. Using the olcLogFile directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcLogFile: /var/log/slapd.log</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263474281728" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olclogfile"><h6>Example 12.6. Using the olcLogFile directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcLogFile: /var/log/slapd.log</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225475461968" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcReferral</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcReferral</code> option allows you to specify a URL of a server to process the request in case the server is not able to handle it. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcReferral</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>URL</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This option is disabled by default.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcreferral"><h6>Example 12.7. Using the olcReferral directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcReferral: ldap://root.openldap.org</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263474291104" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcreferral"><h6>Example 12.7. Using the olcReferral directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcReferral: ldap://root.openldap.org</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225464211376" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcWriteTimeout</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcWriteTimeout</code> option allows you to specify how many seconds to wait before closing a connection with an outstanding write request. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcWriteTimeout</code></pre><div class="para">
This option is disabled by default (that is, set to <code class="option">0</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcwritetimeout"><h6>Example 12.8. Using the olcWriteTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcWriteTimeout: 180</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-database"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.2. Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474299984" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474301744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcwritetimeout"><h6>Example 12.8. Using the olcWriteTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcWriteTimeout: 180</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-database"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.2. Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225464219472" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225490590800" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, the OpenLDAP server uses Berkeley DB (BDB) as a database back end. The configuration for this database is stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}bdb.ldif</code> file. The following directives are commonly used in a database-specific configuration:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263474306048" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225490584848" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcReadOnly</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcReadOnly</code> directive allows you to use the database in a read-only mode. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcReadOnly</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em></pre><div class="para">
It accepts either <code class="option">TRUE</code> (enable the read-only mode), or <code class="option">FALSE</code> (enable modifications of the database). The default option is <code class="option">FALSE</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcreadonly"><h6>Example 12.9. Using the olcReadOnly directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcReadOnly: TRUE</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263474316112" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcreadonly"><h6>Example 12.9. Using the olcReadOnly directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcReadOnly: TRUE</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225490595120" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcRootDN</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcRootDN</code> directive allows you to specify the user that is unrestricted by access controls or administrative limit parameters set for operations on the LDAP directory. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcRootDN</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>distinguished_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
It accepts a <em class="firstterm">Distinguished Name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">DN</acronym>). The default option is <code class="option">cn=Manager,dn=my-domain,dc=com</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcrootdn"><h6>Example 12.10. Using the olcRootDN directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcRootDN: cn=root,dn=example,dn=com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263474326208" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcrootdn"><h6>Example 12.10. Using the olcRootDN directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcRootDN: cn=root,dn=example,dn=com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225434352048" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcRootPW</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcRootPW</code> directive allows you to set a password for the user that is specified using the <code class="option">olcRootDN</code> directive. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcRootPW</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>password</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -339,14 +339,14 @@
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">slappaswd</code>
New password:
Re-enter new password:
-{SSHA}WczWsyPEnMchFf1GRTweq2q7XJcvmSxD</pre><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcrootpw"><h6>Example 12.11. Using the olcRootPW directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcRootPW: {SSHA}WczWsyPEnMchFf1GRTweq2q7XJcvmSxD</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263474336496" class="indexterm"></a>
+{SSHA}WczWsyPEnMchFf1GRTweq2q7XJcvmSxD</pre><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcrootpw"><h6>Example 12.11. Using the olcRootPW directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcRootPW: {SSHA}WczWsyPEnMchFf1GRTweq2q7XJcvmSxD</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225434380704" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcSuffix</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcSuffix</code> directive allows you to specify the domain for which to provide information. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcSuffix</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
It accepts a <em class="firstterm">fully qualified domain name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">FQDN</acronym>). The default option is <code class="option">dc=my-domain,dc=com</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcsuffix"><h6>Example 12.12. Using the olcSuffix directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcSuffix: dc=example,dc=com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-schema"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.3. Extending Schema</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474347168" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474357152" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcsuffix"><h6>Example 12.12. Using the olcSuffix directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcSuffix: dc=example,dc=com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-schema"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.3. Extending Schema</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225434391376" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225434392512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Since OpenLDAP 2.3, the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/</code> directory also contains LDAP definitions that were previously located in <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/schema/</code>. It is possible to extend the schema used by OpenLDAP to support additional attribute types and object classes using the default schema files as a guide. However, this task is beyond the scope of this chapter. For more information on this topic, see <a href="http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin/schema.html">http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin/schema.html</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-establishing_a_secure_connection"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.4. Establishing a Secure Connection</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474354592" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474356352" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474358288" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474360704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-establishing_a_secure_connection"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.4. Establishing a Secure Connection</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225435439568" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225435441488" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225435443920" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225435445776" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OpenLDAP clients and servers can be secured using the Transport Layer Security (TLS) framework. TLS is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communication security over the network. As noted above, OpenLDAP suite in Fedora uses Mozilla NSS as the TLS implementation.
</div><div class="para">
To establish a secure connection using TLS, obtain the required certificates as described in <a href="http://www.openldap.org/faq/index.cgi?file=1514"><em class="citetitle">How do I use TLS/SSL with Mozilla NSS</em></a>. Then, a number of options must be configured on both the client and the server. At a minimum, a server must be configured with the Certificate Authority (CA) certificates and also its own server certificate and private key. The clients must be configured with the name of the file containing all the trusted CA certificates.
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ Re-enter new password:
The <code class="option">TLS_KEY</code> directive takes the following form:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="option">TLS_KEY</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> with a path to the client certificate file or with a name of the password file in the NSS database.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-setting_up_replication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.5. Setting Up Replication</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474469680" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474471536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474474064" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-setting_up_replication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.5. Setting Up Replication</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225435311824" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225435315152" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225435316864" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Replication is the process of copying updates from one LDAP server (<span class="emphasis"><em>provider</em></span>) to one or more other servers or clients (<span class="emphasis"><em>consumers</em></span>). A provider replicates directory updates to consumers, the received updates can be further propagated by the consumer to other servers, so a consumer can also act simultaneously as a provider. Also, a consumer does not have to be an LDAP server, it may be just an LDAP client. In OpenLDAP, you can use several replication modes, most notable are <span class="emphasis"><em>mirror</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>sync</em></span>. For more information on OpenLDAP replication modes, see the <span class="emphasis"><em>OpenLDAP Software Administrator's Guide</em></span> installed with <span class="package">openldap-servers</span> package (see <a class="xref" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#bh-Installed_Documentation_OpenLDAP">the section called “Installed Docume
ntation”</a>).
</div><div class="para">
To enable a chosen replication mode, use one of the following directives in <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/</code> on both provider and consumers.
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ Re-enter new password:
The <code class="option">olcSyncrepl</code> directive enables the sync replication mode. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="option">olcSyncrepl</code> <code class="option">on</code></pre><div class="para">
The sync replication mode requires a specific configuration on both the provider and the consumers. This configuration is thoroughly described in the <span class="emphasis"><em>18.3.1. Syncrepl</em></span> section of the <span class="emphasis"><em>OpenLDAP Software Administrator's Guide</em></span> (see <a class="xref" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#bh-Installed_Documentation_OpenLDAP">the section called “Installed Documentation”</a>).
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-loading_modules_or_backends"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.6. Loading Modules and Backends</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474497136" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474499152" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474500960" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474504368" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-loading_modules_or_backends"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.3.6. Loading Modules and Backends</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225435769360" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225435771056" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225435773584" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225435774992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can enhance the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service with dynamically loaded modules. Support for these modules must be enabled with the <code class="option">--enable-modules</code> option when configuring <code class="systemitem">slapd</code>. Modules are stored in files with the <span class="emphasis"><em>.la</em></span> extension:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em>.la</pre><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Backends</em> store or retrieve data in response to LDAP requests. Backends may be compiled statically into <code class="systemitem">slapd</code>, or when module support is enabled, they may be dynamically loaded. In the latter case, the following naming convention is applied:
@@ -442,31 +442,31 @@ Re-enter new password:
SELinux is an implementation of a mandatory access control mechanism in the Linux kernel. By default, SELinux prevents applications from accessing an OpenLDAP server. To enable authentication through LDAP, which is required by several applications, the <code class="systemitem">allow_ypbind</code> SELinux Boolean needs to be enabled. Certain applications also demand an enabled <code class="systemitem">authlogin_nsswitch_use_ldap</code> Boolean in this scenario. Execute the following commands to enable the aforementioned Booleans:
</div><pre class="synopsis">~]# <code class="command">setsebool</code> <code class="option">-P</code> <code class="option">allow_ypbind</code>=<code class="literal">1</code></pre><pre class="synopsis">~]# <code class="command">setsebool</code> <code class="option">-P</code> <code class="option">authlogin_nsswitch_use_ldap</code>=<code class="literal">1</code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="option">-P</code> option makes this setting persistent across system reboots. See the <a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/ht…">Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 SELinux User's and Administrator's Guide</a> for more detailed information about SELinux.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">12.1.5. Running an OpenLDAP Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263474530320" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">12.1.5. Running an OpenLDAP Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225427828864" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This section describes how to start, stop, restart, and check the current status of the <span class="application"><strong>Standalone LDAP Daemon</strong></span>. For more information on how to manage system services in general, see <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.5.1. Starting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474534672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.5.1. Starting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225427832720" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service in the current session, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl start slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
To configure the service to start automatically at the boot time, use the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl enable slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
See <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.5.2. Stopping the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474542320" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.5.2. Stopping the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225434786400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To stop the running <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service in the current session, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl stop slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
To prevent the service from starting automatically at the boot time, type as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl disable slapd.service</code>
rm '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/slapd.service'</pre><div class="para">
See <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.5.3. Restarting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474550880" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.5.3. Restarting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225434794736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To restart the running <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl restart slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
This stops the service and immediately starts it again. Use this command to reload the configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-status"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.5.4. Verifying the Service Status</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474557312" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-status"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.5.4. Verifying the Service Status</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225434801680" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To verify that the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service is running, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">systemctl is-active slapd.service</code>
active</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-pam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">12.1.6. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
In order to configure a system to authenticate using OpenLDAP, make sure that the appropriate packages are installed on both LDAP server and client machines. For information on how to set up the server, follow the instructions in <a class="xref" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">Section 12.1.2, “Installing the OpenLDAP Suite”</a> and <a class="xref" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">Section 12.1.3, “Configuring an OpenLDAP Server”</a>. On a client, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install openldap openldap-clients nss-pam-ldapd</code></pre><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-migrationtools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.6.1. Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263474569488" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install openldap openldap-clients nss-pam-ldapd</code></pre><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-migrationtools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">12.1.6.1. Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225451409440" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="package">migrationtools</span> package provides a set of shell and Perl scripts to help you migrate authentication information into an LDAP format. To install this package, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install migrationtools</code></pre><div class="para">
This will install the scripts to the <code class="filename">/usr/share/migrationtools/</code> directory. Once installed, edit the <code class="filename">/usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph</code> file and change the following lines to reflect the correct domain, for example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html
index 6b8ebfa..227e983 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html
@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html" title="Chapter 12. Directory Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s1-FTP.html" title="13.2. FTP" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_
right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-FTP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-File_and_Print_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 13. File and Print Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba">13.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">13.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">13.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Connecting
_to_a_Samba_Share">13.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share">13.1.4. Mounting the Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">13.1.5. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">13.1.6. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">13.1.7. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Security_Modes">13.1.8. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">13.1.9. Samba Account
Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Network_Browsing">13.1.10. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support">13.1.11. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">13.1.12. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Resources">13.1.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FTP.html">13.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FTP.html#s2-ftp-protocol">13.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-servers.html">13.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">13.2.3.
Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">13.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">13.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-resources.html">13.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html">13.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">13.3.1. Starting the Printers Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Printer.html">13.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html">13.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="secti
on"><a href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html">13.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html">13.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html">13.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">13.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-select-model.html">13.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-test-page.html">13.3.9. Printing a Test Page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-edit.html">13.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html">13.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html" title="Chapter 12. Directory Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s1-FTP.html" title="13.2. FTP" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.
png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-FTP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-File_and_Print_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 13. File and Print Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba">13.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">13.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">13.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_
Samba_Share">13.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share">13.1.4. Mounting the Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">13.1.5. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">13.1.6. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">13.1.7. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Security_Modes">13.1.8. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">13.1.9. Samba Account Inform
ation Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Network_Browsing">13.1.10. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support">13.1.11. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">13.1.12. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Resources">13.1.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FTP.html">13.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FTP.html#s2-ftp-protocol">13.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-servers.html">13.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">13.2.3. Files
Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">13.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">13.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-resources.html">13.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html">13.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">13.3.1. Starting the Printers Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Printer.html">13.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html">13.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html">13.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html">13.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html">13.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">13.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-select-model.html">13.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-test-page.html">13.3.9. Printing a Test Page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-edit.html">13.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html">13.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
This chapter guides you through the installation and configuration of <span class="application"><strong>Samba</strong></span>, an open source implementation of the <em class="firstterm">Server Message Block</em> (<acronym class="acronym">SMB</acronym>) and <em class="firstterm">common Internet file system</em> (<code class="systemitem">CIFS</code>) protocol, and <span class="application"><strong>vsftpd</strong></span>, the primary FTP server shipped with Fedora. Additionally, it explains how to use the <span class="application"><strong>Printer</strong></span> tool to configure printers.
- </div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="sect-Samba" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">13.1. Samba</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263471641440" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263471644336" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="sect-Samba" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">13.1. Samba</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225456470432" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225456473984" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>Samba</strong></span> is the standard open source Windows interoperability suite of programs for Linux. It implements the <em class="firstterm">server message block</em> (<code class="systemitem">SMB</code>) protocol. Modern versions of this protocol are also known as the <em class="firstterm">common Internet file system</em> (<code class="systemitem">CIFS</code>) protocol. It allows the networking of Microsoft <span class="trademark">Windows</span>®, Linux, UNIX, and other operating systems together, enabling access to Windows-based file and printer shares. Samba's use of <code class="systemitem">SMB</code> allows it to appear as a Windows server to Windows clients.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the samba package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use <span class="application"><strong>Samba</strong></span>, first ensure the <span class="package">samba</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install samba</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on installing packages with DNF, see <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing.html">Section 6.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.1. Introduction to Samba</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263471652144" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.1. Introduction to Samba</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225456483280" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba is an important component to seamlessly integrate Linux Servers and Desktops into Active Directory (AD) environments. It can function both as a domain controller (NT4-style) or as a regular domain member (AD or NT4-style).
- </div><a id="idm263471653552" class="indexterm"></a><h4 id="idm263471654912">What Samba can do:</h4><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225456485040" class="indexterm"></a><h4 id="idm225456704528">What Samba can do:</h4><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Serve directory trees and printers to Linux, UNIX, and Windows clients
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Assist in network browsing (with NetBIOS)
@@ -32,27 +32,27 @@
Act as an Active Directory domain member server
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Join a Windows NT/2000/2003/2008 PDC/Windows Server 2012
- </div></li></ul></div><h4 id="idm263471665408">What Samba cannot do:</h4><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><h4 id="idm225456717456">What Samba cannot do:</h4><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Act as a BDC for a Windows PDC (and vice versa)
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Act as an Active Directory domain controller
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263471668944" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225452922016" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba is comprised of three daemons (<code class="systemitem">smbd</code>, <code class="systemitem">nmbd</code>, and <code class="systemitem">winbindd</code>). Three services (<code class="systemitem">smb</code>, <code class="systemitem">nmb</code>, and <code class="systemitem">winbind</code>) control how the daemons are started, stopped, and other service-related features. These services act as different init scripts. Each daemon is listed in detail below, as well as which specific service has control over it.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Daemons-smbd">smbd</h4><a id="idm263471676000" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Daemons-smbd">smbd</h4><a id="idm225452930800" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbd</code> server daemon provides file sharing and printing services to Windows clients. In addition, it is responsible for user authentication, resource locking, and data sharing through the <code class="systemitem">SMB</code> protocol. The default ports on which the server listens for <code class="systemitem">SMB</code> traffic are <code class="systemitem">TCP</code> ports <code class="constant">139</code> and <code class="constant">445</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbd</code> daemon is controlled by the <code class="systemitem">smb</code> service.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Daemons-nmbd">nmbd</h4><a id="idm263471686560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Daemons-nmbd">nmbd</h4><a id="idm225437659696" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">nmbd</code> server daemon understands and replies to NetBIOS name service requests such as those produced by SMB/CIFS in Windows-based systems. These systems include Windows 95/98/ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and LanManager clients. It also participates in the browsing protocols that make up the Windows <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Neighborhood</strong></span> view. The default port that the server listens to for <code class="systemitem">NMB</code> traffic is <code class="systemitem">UDP</code> port <code class="systemitem">137</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">nmbd</code> daemon is controlled by the <code class="systemitem">nmb</code> service.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Daemons-winbindd">winbindd</h4><a id="idm263471690224" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Daemons-winbindd">winbindd</h4><a id="idm225437664208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">winbind</code> service resolves user and group information received from a server running Windows NT, 2000, 2003, Windows Server 2008, or Windows Server 2012. This makes Windows user and group information understandable by UNIX platforms. This is achieved by using Microsoft RPC calls, <em class="firstterm">Pluggable Authentication Modules</em> (PAM), and the <em class="firstterm">Name Service Switch</em> (NSS). This allows Windows NT domain and Active Directory users to appear and operate as UNIX users on a UNIX machine. Though bundled with the Samba distribution, the <code class="systemitem">winbind</code> service is controlled separately from the <code class="systemitem">smb</code> service.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">winbind</code> daemon is controlled by the <code class="systemitem">winbind</code> service and does not require the <code class="systemitem">smb</code> service to be started in order to operate. <code class="systemitem">winbind</code> is also used when Samba is an Active Directory member, and may also be used on a Samba domain controller (to implement nested groups and interdomain trust). Because <code class="systemitem">winbind</code> is a client-side service used to connect to Windows NT-based servers, further discussion of <code class="systemitem">winbind</code> is beyond the scope of this chapter.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Obtaining a list of utilities that are shipped with Samba</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
See <a class="xref" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Section 13.1.12, “Samba Distribution Programs”</a> for a list of utilities included in the Samba distribution.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263471701888" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225435413184" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can use either <span class="application"><strong>Nautilus</strong></span> or command line to connect to available Samba shares.
</div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share_GUI"><h6>Procedure 13.1. Connecting to a Samba Share Using Nautilus</h6><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
To view a list of Samba workgroups and domains on your network, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Places</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Network</strong></span> from the GNOME panel, and then select the desired network. Alternatively, type <strong class="userinput"><code>smb:</code></strong> in the <span class="guimenu"><strong>File</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Open Location</strong></span> bar of <span class="application"><strong>Nautilus</strong></span>.
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
An icon exists for each machine within the workgroup. Double-click on an icon to view the Samba shares on the machine. If a user name and password combination is required, you are prompted for them.
</div><div class="para">
Alternately, you can also specify the Samba server and sharename in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Location:</strong></span> bar for <span class="application"><strong>Nautilus</strong></span> using the following syntax (replace <em class="replaceable"><code>servername</code></em> and <em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em> with the appropriate values):
- </div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smb://<em class="replaceable"><code>servername</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em></code></pre></li></ol></div><a id="idm263471723600" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263471725744" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263471726752" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share_CLI"><h6>Procedure 13.2. Connecting to a Samba Share Using the Command Line</h6><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smb://<em class="replaceable"><code>servername</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em></code></pre></li></ol></div><a id="idm225474189568" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454932752" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454934336" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share_CLI"><h6>Procedure 13.2. Connecting to a Samba Share Using the Command Line</h6><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
To connect to a Samba share from a shell prompt, type the following command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">~]$ smbclient //<em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em> -U <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em> with the host name or <code class="systemitem">IP</code> address of the Samba server you want to connect to, <em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em> with the name of the shared directory you want to browse, and <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em> with the Samba user name for the system. Enter the correct password or press <span class="keycap"><strong>Enter</strong></span> if no password is required for the user.
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
If you see the <code class="prompt">smb:\></code> prompt, you have successfully logged in. Once you are logged in, type <strong class="userinput"><code>help</code></strong> for a list of commands. If you want to browse the contents of your home directory, replace <em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em> with your user name. If the <code class="command">-U</code> switch is not used, the user name of the current user is passed to the Samba server.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
To exit <code class="command">smbclient</code>, type <strong class="userinput"><code>exit</code></strong> at the <code class="prompt">smb:\></code> prompt.
- </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.4. Mounting the Share</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263471739936" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.4. Mounting the Share</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225459221152" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Sometimes it is useful to mount a Samba share to a directory so that the files in the directory can be treated as if they are part of the local file system.
</div><div class="para">
To mount a Samba share to a directory, create a directory to mount it to (if it does not already exist), and execute the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -92,11 +92,11 @@
Some CIFS servers require plain text passwords for authentication. Support for plain text password authentication can be enabled using the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">echo 0x37 > /proc/fs/cifs/SecurityFlags</code></pre><div class="para">
WARNING: This operation can expose passwords by removing password encryption.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.5. Configuring a Samba Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263471759984" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263471763376" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.5. Configuring a Samba Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225448610144" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225448614544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The default configuration file (<code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code>) allows users to view their home directories as a Samba share. It also shares all printers configured for the system as Samba shared printers. You can attach a printer to the system and print to it from the Windows machines on your network.
- </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-GUI_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.5.1. Graphical Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263471765120" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-GUI_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.5.1. Graphical Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225431920688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To configure Samba using a graphical interface, use one of the available Samba graphical user interfaces. A list of available GUIs can be found at <a href="http://www.samba.org/samba/GUI/">http://www.samba.org/samba/GUI/</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Command-Line-Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.5.2. Command-Line Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263479051008" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Command-Line-Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.5.2. Command-Line Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225431924224" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba uses <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> as its configuration file. If you change this configuration file, the changes do not take effect until you restart the Samba daemon with the following command, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl restart smb.service</code></pre><div class="para">
To specify the Windows workgroup and a brief description of the Samba server, edit the following lines in your <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file:
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ create mask = 0765</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para
The above example allows the users <code class="command">tfox</code> and <code class="command">carole</code> to read and write to the directory <code class="filename">/home/share/</code>, on the Samba server, from a Samba client.
</div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.5.3. Encrypted Passwords</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
Encrypted passwords are enabled by default because it is more secure to use them. To create a user with an encrypted password, use the <code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code> utility:
- </div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbpasswd -a <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></pre><a id="idm263479071504" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479071984" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479074896" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479075056" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479076768" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479078256" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479079808" class="indexterm"></a></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.6. Starting and Stopping Samba</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263479084032" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479086512" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479087472" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479089984" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479091904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbpasswd -a <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></pre><a id="idm225458690896" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225458691376" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225458694288" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225458694448" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225458696160" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225458697648" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472149072" class="indexterm"></a></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.6. Starting and Stopping Samba</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225472153296" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472155776" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472156736" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472159248" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472161168" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start a Samba server, type the following command in a shell prompt, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl start smb.service</code></pre><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Setting up a domain member server</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To set up a domain member server, you must first join the domain or Active Directory using the <code class="command">net join</code> command <span class="emphasis"><em>before</em></span> starting the <code class="systemitem">smb</code> service. Also, it is recommended to run <code class="systemitem">winbind</code> before <code class="systemitem">smbd</code>.
@@ -138,13 +138,13 @@ create mask = 0765</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para
By default, the <code class="systemitem">smb</code> service does <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> start automatically at boot time. To configure Samba to start at boot time, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl enable smb.service</code></pre><div class="para">
See <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information regarding this tool.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.7. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263479123360" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479125136" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.7. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225432101184" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225432102960" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba configuration is straightforward. All modifications to Samba are done in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> configuration file. Although the default <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file is well documented, it does not address complex topics such as LDAP, Active Directory, and the numerous domain controller implementations.
</div><div class="para">
The following sections describe the different ways a Samba server can be configured. Keep in mind your needs and the changes required to the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file for a successful configuration.
- </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Standalone_Server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.7.1. Stand-alone Server</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263479129984" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Standalone_Server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.7.1. Stand-alone Server</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225473666624" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A stand-alone server can be a workgroup server or a member of a workgroup environment. A stand-alone server is not a domain controller and does not participate in a domain in any way. The following examples include several user-level security configurations. For more information on security modes, see <a class="xref" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Security_Modes">Section 13.1.8, “Samba Security Modes”</a>.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Standalone_Anonymous_Read-Only_Server">Anonymous Read-Only</h4><a id="idm263479133152" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Standalone_Anonymous_Read-Only_Server">Anonymous Read-Only</h4><a id="idm225473669792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement anonymous read-only file sharing. Two directives are used to configure anonymous access – <em class="parameter"><code>map to guest = Bad user</code></em> and <em class="parameter"><code>guest account = nobody</code></em>.
</div><div class="example" id="exam-Samba-Standalone_Anonymous_Read-Only_Server"><h6>Example 13.2. An Example Configuration of a Anonymous Read-Only Samba Server</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">[global]
workgroup = DOCS
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ map to guest = Bad user
comment = Documentation Samba Server
path = /export
read only = yes
-guest ok = yes</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><h4 id="brid-Samba-Standalone_Anonymous_Read-Write-Server">Anonymous Read/Write</h4><a id="idm263479140304" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+guest ok = yes</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><h4 id="brid-Samba-Standalone_Anonymous_Read-Write-Server">Anonymous Read/Write</h4><a id="idm225473676832" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement anonymous read/write file sharing. To enable anonymous read/write file sharing, set the <em class="parameter"><code>read only</code></em> directive to <code class="literal">no</code>. The <em class="parameter"><code>force user</code></em> and <em class="parameter"><code>force group</code></em> directives are also added to enforce the ownership of any newly placed files specified in the share.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use anonymous read/write servers</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although having an anonymous read/write server is possible, it is not recommended. Any files placed in the share space, regardless of user, are assigned the user/group combination as specified by a generic user (<em class="parameter"><code>force user</code></em>) and group (<em class="parameter"><code>force group</code></em>) in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file.
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ path = /export
guest ok = yes
writeable = yes
force user = user
-force group = group</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><h4 id="brid-Samba-Standalone_Anonymous_Print-Server">Anonymous Print Server</h4><a id="idm263479151792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+force group = group</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><h4 id="brid-Samba-Standalone_Anonymous_Print-Server">Anonymous Print Server</h4><a id="idm225471362384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement an anonymous print server. Setting <em class="parameter"><code>browseable</code></em> to <code class="literal">no</code> as shown does not list the printer in Windows <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Neighborhood</strong></span>. Although hidden from browsing, configuring the printer explicitly is possible. By connecting to <code class="literal">DOCS_SRV</code> using NetBIOS, the client can have access to the printer if the client is also part of the <code class="literal">DOCS</code> workgroup. It is also assumed that the client has the correct local printer driver installed, as the <em class="parameter"><code>use client driver</code></em> directive is set to <code class="literal">yes</code>. In this case, the Samba server has no responsibility for sharing printer drivers to the client.
</div><div class="example" id="exam-Samba-Standalone_Anonymous_Print-Server"><h6>Example 13.4. An Example Configuration of a Anonymous Print Samba Server</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
[global]
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ path = /var/spool/samba
guest ok = yes
printable = yes
use client driver = yes
-browseable = yes</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><h4 id="brid-Samba-Standalone_Secure_Read_Write_File_and_Print_Server">Secure Read/Write File and Print Server</h4><a id="idm263479161232" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+browseable = yes</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><h4 id="brid-Samba-Standalone_Secure_Read_Write_File_and_Print_Server">Secure Read/Write File and Print Server</h4><a id="idm225462656704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement a secure read/write file and print server. Setting the <em class="parameter"><code>security</code></em> directive to <code class="literal">user</code> forces Samba to authenticate client connections. Notice the <code class="literal">[homes]</code> share does not have a <em class="parameter"><code>force user</code></em> or <em class="parameter"><code>force group</code></em> directive as the <code class="literal">[public]</code> share does. The <code class="literal">[homes]</code> share uses the authenticated user details for any files created as opposed to the <em class="parameter"><code>force user</code></em> and <em class="parameter"><code>force group</code></em> in <code class="literal">[public]</code>.
</div><div class="example" id="exam-Samba-Standalone_Secure_Read_Write_File_and_Print_Server"><h6>Example 13.5. An Example Configuration of a Secure Read/Write File and Print Samba Server</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
[global]
@@ -223,9 +223,9 @@ create mask = 0600
guest ok = yes
printable = yes
use client driver = yes
-browseable = yes</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Domain_Member_Server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.7.2. Domain Member Server</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263490089824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+browseable = yes</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Domain_Member_Server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.7.2. Domain Member Server</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225462668432" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A domain member, while similar to a stand-alone server, is logged into a domain controller (either Windows or Samba) and is subject to the domain's security rules. An example of a domain member server would be a departmental server running Samba that has a machine account on the Primary Domain Controller (PDC). All of the department's clients still authenticate with the PDC, and desktop profiles and all network policy files are included. The difference is that the departmental server has the ability to control printer and network shares.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Domain_Member_Server-Active_Directory_Domain_Member_Sever">Active Directory Domain Member Server</h4><a id="idm263490093824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Domain_Member_Server-Active_Directory_Domain_Member_Sever">Active Directory Domain Member Server</h4><a id="idm225472598736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To implement an Active Directory domain member server, follow procedure below:
</div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Samba-Adding_an_AD_Member"><h6>Procedure 13.3. Adding a Member Server to an Active Directory Domain</h6><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Create the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> configuration file on a member server to be added to the Active Directory domain. Add the following lines to the configuration file:
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ password server = kerberos.example.com</pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">net</code> command authenticates as <code class="systemitem">Administrator</code> using the NT LAN Manager (NTLM) protocol and creates the machine account. Then <code class="command">net</code> uses the machine account credentials to authenticate with Kerberos.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>The security option</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Since <em class="parameter"><code>security = ads</code></em> and not <em class="parameter"><code>security = user</code></em> is used, a local password back end such as <code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code> is not needed. Older clients that do not support <em class="parameter"><code>security = ads</code></em> are authenticated as if <em class="parameter"><code>security = domain</code></em> had been set. This change does not affect functionality and allows local users not previously in the domain.
- </div></div></div></li></ol></div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Domain_Member_Server-Windows_NT4-based_Domain_Memeber_Server">Windows NT4-based Domain Member Server</h4><a id="idm263490120144" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></li></ol></div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Domain_Member_Server-Windows_NT4-based_Domain_Memeber_Server">Windows NT4-based Domain Member Server</h4><a id="idm225428171408" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement a Windows NT4-based domain member server. Becoming a member server of an NT4-based domain is similar to connecting to an Active Directory. The main difference is NT4-based domains do not use Kerberos in their authentication method, making the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file simpler. In this instance, the Samba member server functions as a pass through to the NT4-based domain server.
</div><div class="example" id="exam-Samba-Domain_Member_Server-Windows_NT4-based_Domain_Memeber_Server"><h6>Example 13.6. An Example Configuration of Samba Windows NT4-based Domain Member Server</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
[global]
@@ -298,13 +298,13 @@ guest ok = yes</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para">
After configuring the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, join the domain <span class="emphasis"><em>before</em></span> starting Samba by typing the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">net rpc join -U administrator%password</code></pre></div></div><div class="para">
Note that the <code class="option">-S</code> option, which specifies the domain server host name, does not need to be stated in the <code class="command">net rpc join</code> command. Samba uses the host name specified by the <em class="parameter"><code>workgroup</code></em> directive in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file instead of it being stated explicitly.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Domain_Controller"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.7.3. Domain Controller</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263496579408" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Domain_Controller"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.7.3. Domain Controller</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225448705696" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A domain controller in Windows NT is functionally similar to a Network Information Service (NIS) server in a Linux environment. Domain controllers and NIS servers both host user and group information databases as well as related services. Domain controllers are mainly used for security, including the authentication of users accessing domain resources. The service that maintains the user and group database integrity is called the <em class="firstterm">Security Account Manager</em> (SAM). The SAM database is stored differently between Windows and Linux Samba-based systems, therefore SAM replication cannot be achieved and platforms cannot be mixed in a PDC/BDC environment.
</div><div class="para">
In a Samba environment, there can be only one PDC and zero or more BDCs.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>A mixed Samba/Windows domain controller environment</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Samba cannot exist in a mixed Samba/Windows domain controller environment (Samba cannot be a BDC of a Windows PDC or vice versa). Alternatively, Samba PDCs and BDCs <span class="emphasis"><em>can</em></span> coexist.
- </div></div></div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Domain_Controller-PDC_Using_tdbsam">Primary Domain Controller (PDC) Using <code class="systemitem">tdbsam</code></h4><a id="idm263482528384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Domain_Controller-PDC_Using_tdbsam">Primary Domain Controller (PDC) Using <code class="systemitem">tdbsam</code></h4><a id="idm225470481904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The simplest and most common implementation of a Samba PDC uses the new default <code class="systemitem">tdbsam</code> password database back end. Replacing the aging <code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code> back end, <code class="systemitem">tdbsam</code> has numerous improvements that are explained in more detail in <a class="xref" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Section 13.1.9, “Samba Account Information Databases”</a>. The <em class="parameter"><code>passdb backend</code></em> directive controls which back end is to be used for the PDC.
</div><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement a <code class="systemitem">tdbsam</code> password database back end.
@@ -379,11 +379,11 @@ New SMB password:</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Windows groups and users use the same namespace thus not allowing the existence of a group and a user with the same name like in UNIX.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Limitations of the tdbsam authentication back end</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If you need more than one domain controller or have more than 250 users, do <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> use the <code class="systemitem">tdbsam</code> authentication back end. LDAP is recommended in these cases.
- </div></div></div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Domain_Controller-Primary_Domain_Controller_with_Active_Directory">Primary Domain Controller (PDC) with Active Directory</h4><a id="idm263487619312" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Domain_Controller-Primary_Domain_Controller_with_Active_Directory">Primary Domain Controller (PDC) with Active Directory</h4><a id="idm225456716528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although it is possible for Samba to be a member of an Active Directory, it is not possible for Samba to operate as an Active Directory domain controller.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Security_Modes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.8. Samba Security Modes</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263490268912" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Security_Modes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.8. Samba Security Modes</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225435366928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There are only two types of security modes for Samba, <em class="firstterm">share-level</em> and <em class="firstterm">user-level</em>, which are collectively known as <span class="emphasis"><em><em class="firstterm">security levels</em></em></span>. Share-level security is deprecated and has been removed from Samba. Configurations containing this mode need to be migrated to use user-level security. User-level security can be implemented in one of three different ways. The different ways of implementing a security level are called <em class="firstterm">security modes</em>.
- </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.8.1. User-Level Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263484127280" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.8.1. User-Level Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225464359488" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
User-level security is the default and recommended setting for Samba. Even if the <em class="parameter"><code>security = user</code></em> directive is not listed in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, it is used by Samba. If the server accepts the client's user name and password, the client can then mount multiple shares without specifying a password for each instance. Samba can also accept session-based user name and password requests. The client maintains multiple authentication contexts by using a unique UID for each logon.
</div><div class="para">
In the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, the <em class="parameter"><code>security = user</code></em> directive that sets user-level security is:
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ New SMB password:</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
[GLOBAL]
...
security = user
-...</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Security_Modes-Samba_Guest_Shares">Samba Guest Shares</h4><a id="idm263490376816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+...</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Security_Modes-Samba_Guest_Shares">Samba Guest Shares</h4><a id="idm225455240672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
As mentioned above, share-level security mode is deprecated. To configure a Samba guest share without using the <em class="parameter"><code>security = share</code></em> parameter, follow the procedure below:
</div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Samba_Security_Modes-Samba_Guest_Shares"><h6>Procedure 13.4. Configuring Samba Guest Shares</h6><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Create a username map file, in this example <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smbusers</code>, and add the following line to it:
@@ -412,14 +412,14 @@ username map = <em class="replaceable"><code>/etc/samba/smbusers</code></em>
guest ok = yes
...</pre></li></ol></div><div class="para">
The following sections describe other implementations of user-level security.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level-Domain_Security_Mode">Domain Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h4><a id="idm263485801360" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level-Domain_Security_Mode">Domain Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h4><a id="idm225452664560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In domain security mode, the Samba server has a machine account (domain security trust account) and causes all authentication requests to be passed through to the domain controllers. The Samba server is made into a domain member server by using the following directives in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file:
</div><pre class="screen">
[GLOBAL]
...
security = domain
workgroup = MARKETING
-...</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Security_Modes-Active_Directory_Security_Mode">Active Directory Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h4><a id="idm263486243456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+...</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Security_Modes-Active_Directory_Security_Mode">Active Directory Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h4><a id="idm225448628656" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you have an Active Directory environment, it is possible to join the domain as a native Active Directory member. Even if a security policy restricts the use of NT-compatible authentication protocols, the Samba server can join an ADS using Kerberos. Samba in Active Directory member mode can accept Kerberos tickets.
</div><div class="para">
In the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, the following directives make Samba an Active Directory member server:
@@ -429,11 +429,11 @@ workgroup = MARKETING
security = ADS
realm = EXAMPLE.COM
password server = kerberos.example.com
-...</pre></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_Security_Modes-Share_Level"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.8.2. Share-Level Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263486540256" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+...</pre></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_Security_Modes-Share_Level"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.8.2. Share-Level Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225465250672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
With share-level security, the server accepts only a password without an explicit user name from the client. The server expects a password for each share, independent of the user name. There have been recent reports that Microsoft Windows clients have compatibility issues with share-level security servers. This mode is deprecated and has been removed from Samba. Configurations containing <em class="parameter"><code>security = share</code></em> should be updated to use user-level security. Follow the steps in <a class="xref" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#proc-Samba_Security_Modes-Samba_Guest_Shares">Procedure 13.4, “Configuring Samba Guest Shares”</a> to avoid using the <em class="parameter"><code>security = share</code></em> directive.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.9. Samba Account Information Databases</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263486563360" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.9. Samba Account Information Databases</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225472048656" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a list different back ends you can use with Samba. Other back ends not listed here may also be available.
- </div><a id="idm263486655248" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263486708848" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487735104" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263484056432" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263495306800" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477813280" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263473939744" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477960048" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478405360" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Plain Text</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225490698000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225432033616" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225450660688" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225430442080" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454616720" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225439831408" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225448713776" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225464537136" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225471343872" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Plain Text</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Plain text back ends are nothing more than the <code class="filename">/etc/passwd</code> type back ends. With a plain text back end, all user names and passwords are sent unencrypted between the client and the Samba server. This method is very insecure and is not recommended for use by any means. It is possible that different Windows clients connecting to the Samba server with plain text passwords cannot support such an authentication method.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code> back end utilizes a plain ASCII text layout that includes the MS Windows LanMan and NT account, and encrypted password information. The <code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code> back end lacks the storage of the Windows NT/2000/2003 SAM extended controls. The <code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code> back end is not recommended because it does not scale well or hold any Windows information, such as RIDs for NT-based groups. The <code class="systemitem">tdbsam</code> back end solves these issues for use in a smaller database (250 users), but is still not an enterprise-class solution.
@@ -451,17 +451,17 @@ password server = kerberos.example.com
As such, if you are using the <code class="systemitem">ldapsam</code> back end for your Samba server, you will need to configure <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> to include one of these schema file. See <a class="xref" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Section 12.1.3.3, “Extending Schema”</a> for directions on how to do this.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure the openldap-servers package is installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
You need to have the <span class="package">openldap-servers</span> package installed if you want to use the <code class="systemitem">ldapsam</code> back end. To ensure that the package is installed, execute the following command as <code class="systemitem">roots</code>:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install openldap-servers</code></pre></div></div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Network_Browsing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.10. Samba Network Browsing</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263477235088" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487429248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install openldap-servers</code></pre></div></div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Network_Browsing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.10. Samba Network Browsing</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225453746448" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225455246528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Network browsing</em> enables Windows and Samba servers to appear in the Windows <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Neighborhood</strong></span>. Inside the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Neighborhood</strong></span>, icons are represented as servers and if opened, the server's shares and printers that are available are displayed.
</div><div class="para">
Network browsing capabilities require NetBIOS over <code class="systemitem">TCP</code>/<code class="systemitem">IP</code>. NetBIOS-based networking uses broadcast (<code class="systemitem">UDP</code>) messaging to accomplish browse list management. Without NetBIOS and WINS as the primary method for <code class="systemitem">TCP</code>/<code class="systemitem">IP</code> host name resolution, other methods such as static files (<code class="filename">/etc/hosts</code>) or <code class="systemitem">DNS</code>, must be used.
</div><div class="para">
A domain master browser collates the browse lists from local master browsers on all subnets so that browsing can occur between workgroups and subnets. Also, the domain master browser should preferably be the local master browser for its own subnet.
- </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Domain-Browsing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.10.1. Domain Browsing</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263479257856" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Domain-Browsing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.10.1. Domain Browsing</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225431984288" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, a Windows server PDC for a domain is also the domain master browser for that domain. A Samba server must <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> be set up as a domain master server in this type of situation.
</div><div class="para">
For subnets that do not include the Windows server PDC, a Samba server can be implemented as a local master browser. Configuring the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file for a local master browser (or no browsing at all) in a domain controller environment is the same as workgroup configuration (see <a class="xref" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">Section 13.1.5, “Configuring a Samba Server”</a>).
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-WINS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.10.2. WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263495058464" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496477824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-WINS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.10.2. WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225431983920" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225460726912" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Either a Samba server or a Windows NT server can function as a WINS server. When a WINS server is used with NetBIOS enabled, UDP unicasts can be routed which allows name resolution across networks. Without a WINS server, the UDP broadcast is limited to the local subnet and therefore cannot be routed to other subnets, workgroups, or domains. If WINS replication is necessary, do not use Samba as your primary WINS server, as Samba does not currently support WINS replication.
</div><div class="para">
In a mixed NT/2000/2003/2008 server and Samba environment, it is recommended that you use the Microsoft WINS capabilities. In a Samba-only environment, it is recommended that you use <span class="emphasis"><em>only one</em></span> Samba server for WINS.
@@ -471,9 +471,9 @@ password server = kerberos.example.com
[global]
wins support = yes</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using WINS</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
All servers (including Samba) should connect to a WINS server to resolve NetBIOS names. Without WINS, browsing only occurs on the local subnet. Furthermore, even if a domain-wide list is somehow obtained, hosts cannot be resolved for the client without WINS.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.11. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263496762912" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.11. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225475120688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba allows client machines to share printers connected to the Samba server. In addition, Samba also allows client machines to send documents built in Linux to Windows printer shares. Although there are other printing systems that function with Fedora, CUPS (Common UNIX Print System) is the recommended printing system due to its close integration with Samba.
- </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-CUPS-smb.conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.11.1. Simple <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> Settings</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263487443616" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-CUPS-smb.conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.1.11.1. Simple <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> Settings</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225463064976" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following example shows a very basic <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> configuration for CUPS support:
</div><div class="example" id="exam-Samba-CUPS-smb.conf"><h6>Example 13.9. An Example Configuration of Samba with CUPS Support</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
[global]
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ printer admin = ed, john</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class
The <em class="parameter"><code>print$</code></em> directive contains printer drivers for clients to access if not available locally. The <em class="parameter"><code>print$</code></em> directive is optional and may not be required depending on the organization.
</div><div class="para">
Setting <em class="parameter"><code>browseable</code></em> to <code class="literal">yes</code> enables the printer to be viewed in the Windows Network Neighborhood, provided the Samba server is set up correctly in the domain or workgroup.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.12. Samba Distribution Programs</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263496605136" class="indexterm"></a><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-net"><code class="systemitem">net</code></h4><a id="idm263482504400" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477219776" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">net <em class="replaceable"><code><protocol> <function> <misc_options> <target_options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.12. Samba Distribution Programs</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225454142656" class="indexterm"></a><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-net"><code class="systemitem">net</code></h4><a id="idm225476072544" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225460763728" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">net <em class="replaceable"><code><protocol> <function> <misc_options> <target_options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">net</code> utility is similar to the <code class="systemitem">net</code> utility used for Windows and MS-DOS. The first argument is used to specify the protocol to use when executing a command. The <code class="option"><em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em></code> option can be <code class="option">ads</code>, <code class="option">rap</code>, or <code class="option">rpc</code> for specifying the type of server connection. Active Directory uses <code class="option">ads</code>, Win9x/NT3 uses <code class="option">rap</code>, and Windows NT4/2000/2003/2008 uses <code class="option">rpc</code>. If the protocol is omitted, <code class="systemitem">net</code> automatically tries to determine it.
</div><div class="para">
The following example displays a list of the available shares for a host named <code class="systemitem hostname">wakko</code>:
@@ -520,14 +520,14 @@ User name Comment
-----------------------------
andriusb Documentation
joe Marketing
-lisa Sales</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-nmblookup"><code class="systemitem">nmblookup</code></h4><a id="idm263478132464" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478816736" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">nmblookup <em class="replaceable"><code><options> <netbios_name></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+lisa Sales</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-nmblookup"><code class="systemitem">nmblookup</code></h4><a id="idm225470281264" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225499125472" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">nmblookup <em class="replaceable"><code><options> <netbios_name></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">nmblookup</code> program resolves NetBIOS names into <code class="systemitem">IP</code> addresses. The program broadcasts its query on the local subnet until the target machine replies.
</div><div class="para">
The following example displays the <code class="systemitem">IP</code> address of the NetBIOS name <code class="literal">trek</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">
~]$ <code class="command">nmblookup trek</code>
querying trek on 10.1.59.255
-10.1.56.45 trek<00></pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-pdbedit"><code class="systemitem">pdbedit</code></h4><a id="idm263479017040" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479205680" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">pdbedit <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+10.1.56.45 trek<00></pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-pdbedit"><code class="systemitem">pdbedit</code></h4><a id="idm225448835776" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462323440" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">pdbedit <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">pdbedit</code> program manages accounts located in the SAM database. All back ends are supported including <code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code>, LDAP, and the <span class="database">tdb</span> database library.
</div><div class="para">
The following are examples of adding, deleting, and listing users:
@@ -582,23 +582,23 @@ lisa:504:
kristin:506:
~]$ <code class="command">pdbedit -x joe</code>
~]$ <code class="command">pdbedit -L</code>
-andriusb:505: lisa:504: kristin:506:</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-rpcclient"><code class="systemitem">rpcclient</code></h4><a id="idm263489886400" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497117616" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpcclient <em class="replaceable"><code><server> <options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+andriusb:505: lisa:504: kristin:506:</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-rpcclient"><code class="systemitem">rpcclient</code></h4><a id="idm225470360032" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225492941312" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpcclient <em class="replaceable"><code><server> <options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">rpcclient</code> program issues administrative commands using Microsoft RPCs, which provide access to the Windows administration graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for systems management. This is most often used by advanced users that understand the full complexity of Microsoft RPCs.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbcacls"><code class="systemitem">smbcacls</code></h4><a id="idm263479263824" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482683840" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbcacls <em class="replaceable"><code><//server/share> <filename> <options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbcacls"><code class="systemitem">smbcacls</code></h4><a id="idm225468203904" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454587264" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbcacls <em class="replaceable"><code><//server/share> <filename> <options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbcacls</code> program modifies Windows ACLs on files and directories shared by a Samba server or a Windows server.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbclient"><code class="systemitem">smbclient</code></h4><a id="idm263479304592" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477220352" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbclient <em class="replaceable"><code><//server/share> <password> <options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbclient"><code class="systemitem">smbclient</code></h4><a id="idm225446697632" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452113424" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbclient <em class="replaceable"><code><//server/share> <password> <options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbclient</code> program is a versatile UNIX client which provides functionality similar to the <code class="systemitem">ftp</code> utility.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbcontrol"><code class="systemitem">smbcontrol</code></h4><a id="idm263496447616" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263494267008" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbcontrol -i <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbcontrol <em class="replaceable"><code><options> <destination> <messagetype> <parameters></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbcontrol"><code class="systemitem">smbcontrol</code></h4><a id="idm225475044928" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225459050896" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbcontrol -i <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbcontrol <em class="replaceable"><code><options> <destination> <messagetype> <parameters></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbcontrol</code> program sends control messages to running <code class="systemitem">smbd</code>, <code class="systemitem">nmbd</code>, or <code class="systemitem">winbindd</code> daemons. Executing <code class="command">smbcontrol -i</code> runs commands interactively until a blank line or a <em class="parameter"><code>'q'</code></em> is entered.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbpasswd"><code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code></h4><a id="idm263492146192" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482583920" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbpasswd <em class="replaceable"><code><options> <username> <password></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbpasswd"><code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code></h4><a id="idm225454582272" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225431904320" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbpasswd <em class="replaceable"><code><options> <username> <password></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbpasswd</code> program manages encrypted passwords. This program can be run by a superuser to change any user's password and also by an ordinary user to change their own Samba password.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbspool"><code class="systemitem">smbspool</code></h4><a id="idm263494501824" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477167952" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbspool <em class="replaceable"><code><job> <user> <title> <copies> <options> <filename></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbspool"><code class="systemitem">smbspool</code></h4><a id="idm225458045152" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225473207552" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbspool <em class="replaceable"><code><job> <user> <title> <copies> <options> <filename></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbspool</code> program is a CUPS-compatible printing interface to Samba. Although designed for use with CUPS printers, <code class="command">smbspool</code> can work with non-CUPS printers as well.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbstatus"><code class="systemitem">smbstatus</code></h4><a id="idm263478177152" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263494602864" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbstatus <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbstatus"><code class="systemitem">smbstatus</code></h4><a id="idm225464291680" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225493200816" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbstatus <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbstatus</code> program displays the status of current connections to a Samba server.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbtar"><code class="systemitem">smbtar</code></h4><a id="idm263477080256" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263484175520" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbtar <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-smbtar"><code class="systemitem">smbtar</code></h4><a id="idm225471906048" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225453323088" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">smbtar <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">smbtar</code> program performs backup and restores of Windows-based share files and directories to a local tape archive. Though similar to the <code class="systemitem">tar</code> utility, the two are not compatible.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-testparm"><code class="systemitem">testparm</code></h4><a id="idm263478189360" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477928752" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">testparm <em class="replaceable"><code><options> <filename> <hostname IP_address></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-testparm"><code class="systemitem">testparm</code></h4><a id="idm225453856016" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225474559952" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">testparm <em class="replaceable"><code><options> <filename> <hostname IP_address></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">testparm</code> program checks the syntax of the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file. If your <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file is in the default location (<code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code>) you do not need to specify the location. Specifying the host name and <code class="systemitem">IP</code> address to the <code class="systemitem">testparm</code> program verifies that the <code class="filename">hosts.allow</code> and <code class="filename">host.deny</code> files are configured correctly. The <code class="systemitem">testparm</code> program also displays a summary of your <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file and the server's role (stand-alone, domain, etc.) after testing. This is convenient when debugging as it excludes comments and concisely presents information for experienced administrators to read. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">
~]$ <code class="command">testparm</code>
@@ -639,11 +639,11 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
force user = andriusb
force group = users
read only = no
- guest only = yes</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-wbinfo"><code class="systemitem">wbinfo</code></h4><a id="idm263486755792" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263481794400" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">wbinfo <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ guest only = yes</pre><h4 id="brid-Samba_Distribution_Programs-wbinfo"><code class="systemitem">wbinfo</code></h4><a id="idm225492465568" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225428253728" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">wbinfo <em class="replaceable"><code><options></code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">wbinfo</code> program displays information from the <code class="systemitem">winbindd</code> daemon. The <code class="systemitem">winbindd</code> daemon must be running for <code class="systemitem">wbinfo</code> to work.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.13. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263481332864" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Samba-Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.1.13. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225432124288" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following sections give you the means to explore Samba in greater detail.
- </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Resources-Installed_Documentation">Installed Documentation</h4><a id="idm263495250736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Resources-Installed_Documentation">Installed Documentation</h4><a id="idm225476014672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/samba-<<em class="replaceable"><code>version-number</code></em>>/</code> — All additional files included with the Samba distribution. This includes all helper scripts, sample configuration files, and documentation.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
See the following man pages for detailed information specific <span class="application"><strong>Samba</strong></span> features:
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nmbd</span>(8)</span>
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">winbindd</span>(8)</span>
- </div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Resources-Useful_Websites">Useful Websites</h4><a id="idm263484213920" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div><h4 id="brid-Samba-Resources-Useful_Websites">Useful Websites</h4><a id="idm225472044672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.samba.org/">http://www.samba.org/</a> — Homepage for the Samba distribution and all official documentation created by the Samba development team. Many resources are available in HTML and PDF formats, while others are only available for purchase. Although many of these links are not Fedora specific, some concepts may apply.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/User_Documentation">https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/User_Documentation</a> — Samba 4.x official documentation.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Mail_Servers.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Mail_Servers.html
index 3828d42..2d33975 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Mail_Servers.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Mail_Servers.html
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Web_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. Web Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-types.html" title="11.2. Email Program Classifications" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common
_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Web_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-email-types.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Mail_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 11. Mail Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s1-email-protocols">11.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-send">11.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-client">11.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html">11.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt
><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html#s2-email-types-mta">11.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mda.html">11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mua.html">11.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html">11.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">11.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">11.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html">11.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-switchmail.html">11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html">11.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="se
ction"><a href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">11.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html">11.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html">11.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">11.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">11.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html#s2-email-installed-docs">11.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-useful-websites.html">11.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-related-books.html">11.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Web_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. Web Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-types.html" title="11.2. Email Program Classifications" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Conte
nt/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Web_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-email-types.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Mail_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 11. Mail Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s1-email-protocols">11.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-send">11.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-client">11.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html">11.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html#s2-email-types-mta">11.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mda.html">11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mua.html">11.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html">11.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">11.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">11.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html">11.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-switchmail.html">11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html">11.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"
><a href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">11.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html">11.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html">11.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">11.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">11.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html#s2-email-installed-docs">11.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-useful-websites.html">11.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-related-books.html">11.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Fedora offers many advanced applications to serve and access email. This chapter describes modern email protocols in use today, and some of the programs designed to send and receive email.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-email-protocols"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.1. Email Protocols</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263487817552" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-email-protocols"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.1. Email Protocols</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225453735088" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Today, email is delivered using a client/server architecture. An email message is created using a mail client program. This program then sends the message to a server. The server then forwards the message to the recipient's email server, where the message is then supplied to the recipient's email client.
</div><div class="para">
To enable this process, a variety of standard network protocols allow different machines, often running different operating systems and using different email programs, to send and receive email.
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
The following protocols discussed are the most commonly used in the transfer of email.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-email-protocols-send"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Mail delivery from a client application to the server, and from an originating server to the destination server, is handled by the <em class="firstterm">Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</em> (<em class="firstterm">SMTP</em>).
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-smtp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.1.1.1. SMTP</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263477194224" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-smtp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.1.1.1. SMTP</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225470715824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The primary purpose of SMTP is to transfer email between mail servers. However, it is critical for email clients as well. To send email, the client sends the message to an outgoing mail server, which in turn contacts the destination mail server for delivery. For this reason, it is necessary to specify an SMTP server when configuring an email client.
</div><div class="para">
Under Fedora, a user can configure an SMTP server on the local machine to handle mail delivery. However, it is also possible to configure remote SMTP servers for outgoing mail.
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
Fedora provides the Postfix and Sendmail SMTP programs.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-protocols-client"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
There are two primary protocols used by email client applications to retrieve email from mail servers: the <em class="firstterm">Post Office Protocol</em> (<em class="firstterm">POP</em>) and the <em class="firstterm">Internet Message Access Protocol</em> (<em class="firstterm">IMAP</em>).
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-pop"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.1.2.1. POP</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263491788704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-pop"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.1.2.1. POP</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225466804032" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The default POP server under Fedora is <span class="application"><strong>Dovecot</strong></span> and is provided by the <span class="package">dovecot</span> package.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the dovecot package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use <span class="application"><strong>Dovecot</strong></span>, first ensure the <span class="package">dovecot</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
<span class="emphasis"><em>RPOP</em></span> — <code class="systemitem">POP3</code> with <code class="systemitem">RPOP</code> authentication. This uses a per-user ID, similar to a password, to authenticate POP requests. However, this ID is not encrypted, so <code class="systemitem">RPOP</code> is no more secure than standard <code class="systemitem">POP</code>.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For added security, it is possible to use <em class="firstterm">Secure Socket Layer</em> (<em class="firstterm">SSL</em>) encryption for client authentication and data transfer sessions. This can be enabled by using the <code class="command">pop3s</code> service, or by using the <code class="command">stunnel</code> application. For more information on securing email communication, see <a class="xref" href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">Section 11.5.1, “Securing Communication”</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-imap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.1.2.2. IMAP</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263486077760" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-imap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.1.2.2. IMAP</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225458473440" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The default <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> server under Fedora is <span class="application"><strong>Dovecot</strong></span> and is provided by the <span class="package">dovecot</span> package. See <a class="xref" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s3-email-protocols-pop">Section 11.1.2.1, “POP”</a> for information on how to install <span class="application"><strong>Dovecot</strong></span>.
</div><div class="para">
When using an <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> mail server, email messages remain on the server where users can read or delete them. <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> also allows client applications to create, rename, or delete mail directories on the server to organize and store email.
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
For added security, it is possible to use <code class="systemitem">SSL</code> encryption for client authentication and data transfer sessions. This can be enabled by using the <code class="command">imaps</code> service, or by using the <code class="command">stunnel</code> program. For more information on securing email communication, see <a class="xref" href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">Section 11.5.1, “Securing Communication”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
Other free, as well as commercial, IMAP clients and servers are available, many of which extend the IMAP protocol and provide additional functionality.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-mail-server-dovecot"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.1.2.3. Dovecot</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263479689056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-mail-server-dovecot"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.1.2.3. Dovecot</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225501462112" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">imap-login</code> and <code class="command">pop3-login</code> processes which implement the <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP3</code> protocols are spawned by the master <code class="systemitem">dovecot</code> daemon included in the <span class="package">dovecot</span> package. The use of <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP</code> is configured through the <code class="filename">/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf</code> configuration file; by default <code class="command">dovecot</code> runs <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP3</code> together with their secure versions using <code class="systemitem">SSL</code>. To configure <code class="command">dovecot</code> to use <code class="systemitem">POP</code>, complete the following steps:
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Edit the <code class="filename">/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf</code> configuration file to make sure the <code class="literal">protocols</code> variable is uncommented (remove the hash sign (<code class="literal">#</code>) at the beginning of the line) and contains the <code class="literal">pop3</code> argument. For example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html
index 8dbb603..e5a253f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Date_and_Time-Resources.html" title="3.4. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-users-configui.html" title="4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a c
lass="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Date_and_Time-Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-users-configui.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 4. Managing Users and Groups</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s1-users-groups-introduction">4.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">4.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-uti
lities">4.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html">4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html#s2-redhat-config-users-list">4.2.1. Using the Users Settings Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html">4.3. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">4.3.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">4.3.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html">4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">4.3.5.
Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html">4.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm263485834080" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497039760" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263481137712" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263484034864" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Date_and_Time-Resources.html" title="3.4. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-users-configui.html" title="4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="
right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Date_and_Time-Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-users-configui.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 4. Managing Users and Groups</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s1-users-groups-introduction">4.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">4.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities
">4.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html">4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html#s2-redhat-config-users-list">4.2.1. Using the Users Settings Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html">4.3. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">4.3.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">4.3.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html">4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">4.3.5. Creat
ing Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html">4.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm225453232256" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454977792" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225445335504" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225437138912" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The control of users and groups is a core element of Fedora system administration. This chapter explains how to add, manage, and delete users and groups in the graphical user interface and on the command line, and covers advanced topics, such as creating group directories.
</div><div class="section" id="s1-users-groups-introduction"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">4.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
While users can be either people (meaning accounts tied to physical users) or accounts which exist for specific applications to use, groups are logical expressions of organization, tying users together for a common purpose. Users within a group share the same permissions to read, write, or execute files owned by that group.
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
Each user is associated with a unique numerical identification number called a <em class="firstterm">user ID</em> (<acronym class="acronym">UID</acronym>). Likewise, each group is associated with a <em class="firstterm">group ID</em> (<acronym class="acronym">GID</acronym>). A user who creates a file is also the owner and group owner of that file. The file is assigned separate read, write, and execute permissions for the owner, the group, and everyone else. The file owner can be changed only by <code class="systemitem">root</code>, and access permissions can be changed by both the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user and file owner.
</div><div class="para">
Additionally, Fedora supports <em class="firstterm">access control lists</em> (<acronym class="acronym">ACLs</acronym>) for files and directories which allow permissions for specific users outside of the owner to be set. For more information about this feature, see the <a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/ht…"><em class="citetitle">Access Control Lists</em></a> chapter of the <a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/ht…"><em class="citetitle">Storage Administration Guide</em></a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-private-groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.1.1. User Private Groups</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263490602512" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482937024" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482935584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-private-groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.1.1. User Private Groups</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225500283664" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225474256752" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225474255312" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora uses a <em class="firstterm">user private group</em> (<em class="firstterm">UPG</em>) scheme, which makes UNIX groups easier to manage. A user private group is created whenever a new user is added to the system. It has the same name as the user for which it was created and that user is the only member of the user private group.
</div><div class="para">
User private groups make it safe to set default permissions for a newly created file or directory, allowing both the user and <span class="emphasis"><em>the group of that user</em></span> to make modifications to the file or directory.
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
The setting which determines what permissions are applied to a newly created file or directory is called a <em class="firstterm">umask</em> and is configured in the <code class="filename">/etc/bashrc</code> file. Traditionally on UNIX-based systems, the <code class="command">umask</code> is set to <code class="command">022</code>, which allows only the user who created the file or directory to make modifications. Under this scheme, all other users, <span class="emphasis"><em>including members of the creator's group</em></span>, are not allowed to make any modifications. However, under the UPG scheme, this <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">group protection</span>”</span> is not necessary since every user has their own private group.
</div><div class="para">
A list of all groups is stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/group</code> configuration file.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.1.2. Shadow Passwords</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263509695872" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263509694432" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.1.2. Shadow Passwords</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225452500528" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452499088" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In environments with multiple users, it is very important to use <em class="firstterm">shadow passwords</em> provided by the <span class="package">shadow-utils</span> package to enhance the security of system authentication files. For this reason, the installation program enables shadow passwords by default.
</div><div class="para">
The following is a list of the advantages shadow passwords have over the traditional way of storing passwords on UNIX-based systems:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html
index e2492f0..1e766f7 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html
@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html" title="Part VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader-Additional_Resources.html" title="21.11. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html" title="22.2. Preparing to Upgrade" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/ima
ge_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">22.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">22.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-download.html">22.3. Do
wnloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html">22.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html">22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html">22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">22.6.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html">22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm263486945712" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263484031984" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482287536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm
263491163296" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html" title="Part VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader-Additional_Resources.html" title="21.11. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html" title="22.2. Preparing to Upgrade" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_lef
t.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">22.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">22.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-download.html">22.3. Download
ing the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html">22.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html">22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html">22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">22.6.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html">22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm225452733344" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225439595344" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472127984" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454
466896" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Fedora kernel is custom-built by the Fedora kernel team to ensure its integrity and compatibility with supported hardware. Before a kernel is released, it must first pass a rigorous set of quality assurance tests.
</div><div class="para">
Fedora kernels are packaged in the RPM format so that they are easy to upgrade and verify using the <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> package managers. <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> automatically queries the DNF repositories and informs you of packages with available updates, including kernel packages.
</div><div class="para">
This chapter is therefore <span class="emphasis"><em>only</em></span> useful for users who need to manually update a kernel package using the <code class="command">rpm</code> command instead of <code class="command">dnf</code>.
- </div><a id="idm263494228192" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263492770304" class="indexterm"></a><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Use DNF to install kernels whenever possible</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225458845232" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225429210400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Use DNF to install kernels whenever possible</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Whenever possible, use either the <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> package manager to install a new kernel because they always <span class="emphasis"><em>install</em></span> a new kernel instead of replacing the current one, which could potentially leave your system unable to boot.
- </div></div></div><a id="idm263483988144" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><a id="idm225472574336" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For more information on installing kernel packages with <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span>, see <a class="xref" href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Section 6.1.2, “Updating Packages”</a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263487946256" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480290480" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480288592" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496071440" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496069552" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496067056" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496065136" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478310752" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478308832" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478306912" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478304992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225460047040" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225451156864" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225451154976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225451153088" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225451151200" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225441217856" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225441215936" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225441214016" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225497931184" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225497929264" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225497927344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora contains the following kernel packages:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="package">kernel</span> — Contains the kernel for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-OProfile.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-OProfile.html
index 350ae1e..03e1d30 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-OProfile.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-OProfile.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part V. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html" title="19.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-using-operf.html" title="20.2. Using operf" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://do
cs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-using-operf.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-OProfile" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 20. OProfile</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OProfile.html#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OProfile.html#s2-operf_vs_opcontrol">20.1.1. operf vs. opcontrol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using-operf.html">20.2. Using operf</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using-operf.html#s2-operf-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a>
</span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-operf-events.html">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-operf-categorization.html">20.2.3. Categorization of Samples</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.3.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-events.html">20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode<
/a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html">20.6. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.6.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html">20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html">20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html">20.6.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html">20.8. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-
oprofile-java-support.html">20.9. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.9.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-gui.html">20.10. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html">20.11. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html">20.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm263492481856" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480780720" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part V. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html" title="19.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-using-operf.html" title="20.2. Using operf" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fed
oraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-using-operf.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-OProfile" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 20. OProfile</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OProfile.html#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OProfile.html#s2-operf_vs_opcontrol">20.1.1. operf vs. opcontrol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using-operf.html">20.2. Using operf</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using-operf.html#s2-operf-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span
></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-operf-events.html">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-operf-categorization.html">20.2.3. Categorization of Samples</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.3.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-events.html">20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode</a></s
pan></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html">20.6. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.6.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html">20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html">20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html">20.6.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html">20.8. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofi
le-java-support.html">20.9. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.9.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-gui.html">20.10. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html">20.11. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html">20.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm225428246816" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225471851984" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OProfile is a low overhead, system-wide performance monitoring tool. It uses the performance monitoring hardware on the processor to retrieve information about the kernel and executables on the system, such as when memory is referenced, the number of L2 cache requests, and the number of hardware interrupts received. On a Fedora system, the <code class="filename">oprofile</code> package must be installed to use this tool.
</div><div class="para">
Many processors include dedicated performance monitoring hardware. This hardware makes it possible to detect when certain events happen (such as the requested data not being in cache). The hardware normally takes the form of one or more <em class="firstterm">counters</em> that are incremented each time an event takes place. When the counter value increments, an interrupt is generated, making it possible to control the amount of detail (and therefore, overhead) produced by performance monitoring.
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
<span class="emphasis"><em>Hardware performance counters do not work on guest virtual machines</em></span> — Because the hardware performance counters are not available on virtual systems, you need to use the <code class="computeroutput">timer</code> mode. Enter the command <code class="command">opcontrol --deinit</code>, and then execute <code class="command">modprobe oprofile timer=1</code> to enable the <code class="computeroutput">timer</code> mode.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Non-CPU-limited performance problems</em></span> — OProfile is oriented to finding problems with CPU-limited processes. OProfile does not identify processes that are asleep because they are waiting on locks or for some other event to occur (for example an I/O device to finish an operation).
- </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-overview-tools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.1. Overview of Tools</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263477403312" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-overview-tools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.1. Overview of Tools</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225438970688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="ch-OProfile.html#tb-oprofile-tools">Table 20.1, “OProfile Commands”</a> provides a brief overview of the most commonly used tools provided with the <code class="filename">oprofile</code> package.
</div><div class="table" id="tb-oprofile-tools"><h6>Table 20.1. OProfile Commands</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="OProfile Commands" border="1"><colgroup><col width="29%" class="command" /><col width="71%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Command
@@ -80,11 +80,11 @@
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s2-operf_vs_opcontrol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.1.1. operf vs. opcontrol</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
There are two mutually exclusive methods for collecting profiling data with OProfile. You can either use the newer and preferred <code class="command">operf</code> or the <code class="command">opcontrol</code> tool.
- </div><h4 id="idm263496802064">operf</h4><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="idm225457073232">operf</h4><div class="para">
This is the recommended mode for profiling. The <code class="command">operf</code> tool uses the Linux Performance Events Subsystem, and therefore does not require the <span class="emphasis"><em>oprofile</em></span> kernel driver. The <code class="command">operf</code> tool allows you to target your profiling more precisely, as a single process or system-wide, and also allows OProfile to co-exist better with other tools using the performance monitoring hardware on your system. Unlike <code class="command">opcontrol</code>, it can be used without the <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges. However, <code class="command">operf</code> is also capable of system-wide operations with use of the <code class="option">--system-wide</code> option, where root authority is required.
</div><div class="para">
With <code class="command">operf</code>, there is no initial setup needed. You can invoke <code class="command">operf</code> with command-line options to specify your profiling settings. After that, you can run the OProfile post-processing tools described in <a class="xref" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html">Section 20.6, “Analyzing the Data”</a>. See <a class="xref" href="s1-using-operf.html">Section 20.2, “Using operf”</a> for further information.
- </div><h4 id="idm263496599152">opcontrol</h4><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="idm225452717136">opcontrol</h4><div class="para">
This mode consists of the <code class="command">opcontrol</code> shell script, the <code class="systemitem">oprofiled</code> daemon, and several post-processing tools. The <code class="command">opcontrol</code> command is used for configuring, starting, and stopping a profiling session. An OProfile kernel driver, usually built as a kernel module, is used for collecting samples, which are then recorded into sample files by <code class="systemitem">oprofiled</code>. You can use legacy mode only if you have <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges. In certain cases, such as when you need to sample areas with disabled interrupt request (IRQ), this is a better alternative.
</div><div class="para">
Before OProfile can be run in legacy mode, it must be configured as shown in <a class="xref" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">Section 20.3, “Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode”</a>. These settings are then applied when starting OProfile (<a class="xref" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Section 20.4, “Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode”</a>).
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-OpenSSH.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-OpenSSH.html
index 2c6309c..1c5ce97 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-OpenSSH.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-OpenSSH.html
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part III. Infrastructure Services" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html" title="7.3.2. Related Books" /><link rel="next" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="8.2. Configuring OpenSSH" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href=
"http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-OpenSSH" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 8. OpenSSH</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s1-ssh-protocol">8.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-why">8.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">8.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-versions">8.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class=
"section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-conn">8.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html">8.2. Configuring OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">8.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html">8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html">8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html#sec-Intro
duction_to_SSH_Certificates">8.3.1. Introduction to SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Support_for_OpenSSH_Certificates.html">8.3.2. Support for SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys.html">8.3.3. Creating SSH CA Certificate Signing Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys.html">8.3.4. Distributing and Trusting SSH CA Public Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Signing_SSH_Certificates.html">8.3.5. Creating SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-SSH_Certificate_PKCS_11_Token.html">8.3.6. Signing an SSH Certificate Using a PKCS#11 Token</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_an_SSH_CA_Certificate.html">8.3.7. Viewing an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Revoking_an_SSH_CA_Certificate.html">8.3
.8. Revoking an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html">8.4. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">8.4.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">8.4.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html">8.4.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html">8.5. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">8.5.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html">8.5.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">8.6. Additio
nal Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm263489397680" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part III. Infrastructure Services" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html" title="7.3.2. Related Books" /><link rel="next" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="8.2. Configuring OpenSSH" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http:
//docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-OpenSSH" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 8. OpenSSH</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s1-ssh-protocol">8.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-why">8.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">8.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-versions">8.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="secti
on"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-conn">8.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html">8.2. Configuring OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">8.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html">8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html">8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html#sec-Introductio
n_to_SSH_Certificates">8.3.1. Introduction to SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Support_for_OpenSSH_Certificates.html">8.3.2. Support for SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys.html">8.3.3. Creating SSH CA Certificate Signing Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys.html">8.3.4. Distributing and Trusting SSH CA Public Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Signing_SSH_Certificates.html">8.3.5. Creating SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-SSH_Certificate_PKCS_11_Token.html">8.3.6. Signing an SSH Certificate Using a PKCS#11 Token</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_an_SSH_CA_Certificate.html">8.3.7. Viewing an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Revoking_an_SSH_CA_Certificate.html">8.3.8. Re
voking an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html">8.4. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">8.4.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">8.4.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html">8.4.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html">8.5. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">8.5.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html">8.5.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">8.6. Additional Re
sources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm225438885232" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">SSH</code> (Secure Shell) is a protocol which facilitates secure communications between two systems using a client-server architecture and allows users to log into server host systems remotely. Unlike other remote communication protocols, such as <code class="systemitem">FTP</code>, <code class="systemitem">Telnet</code>, or <code class="command">rlogin</code>, SSH encrypts the login session, rendering the connection difficult for intruders to collect unencrypted passwords.
</div><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>ssh</strong></span> program is designed to replace older, less secure terminal applications used to log into remote hosts, such as <code class="command">telnet</code> or <code class="command">rsh</code>. A related program called <code class="command">scp</code> replaces older programs designed to copy files between hosts, such as <code class="command">rcp</code>. Because these older applications do not encrypt passwords transmitted between the client and the server, avoid them whenever possible. Using secure methods to log into remote systems decreases the risks for both the client system and the remote host.
</div><div class="para">
Fedora includes the general OpenSSH package, <span class="package">openssh</span>, as well as the OpenSSH server, <span class="package">openssh-server</span>, and client, <span class="package">openssh-clients</span>, packages. Note, the OpenSSH packages require the OpenSSL package <span class="package">openssl-libs</span>, which installs several important cryptographic libraries, enabling OpenSSH to provide encrypted communications.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.1. The SSH Protocol</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-why"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.1.1. Why Use SSH?</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263494037456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.1. The SSH Protocol</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-why"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.1.1. Why Use SSH?</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225466788224" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Potential intruders have a variety of tools at their disposal enabling them to disrupt, intercept, and re-route network traffic in an effort to gain access to a system. In general terms, these threats can be categorized as follows:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Interception of communication between two systems</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The attacker can be somewhere on the network between the communicating parties, copying any information passed between them. He may intercept and keep the information, or alter the information and send it on to the intended recipient.
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
This attack can be performed using a technique known as <em class="firstterm">DNS poisoning</em>, or via so-called <em class="firstterm">IP spoofing</em>. In the first case, the intruder uses a cracked DNS server to point client systems to a maliciously duplicated host. In the second case, the intruder sends falsified network packets that appear to be from a trusted host.
</div></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Both techniques intercept potentially sensitive information and, if the interception is made for hostile reasons, the results can be disastrous. If SSH is used for remote shell login and file copying, these security threats can be greatly diminished. This is because the SSH client and server use digital signatures to verify their identity. Additionally, all communication between the client and server systems is encrypted. Attempts to spoof the identity of either side of a communication does not work, since each packet is encrypted using a key known only by the local and remote systems.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.1.2. Main Features</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263492806112" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263492804672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.1.2. Main Features</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225452262496" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452629840" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The SSH protocol provides the following safeguards:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">No one can pose as the intended server</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
After an initial connection, the client can verify that it is connecting to the same server it had connected to previously.
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@
The OpenSSH server and client can be configured to create a tunnel similar to a virtual private network for traffic between server and client machines.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">It supports the Kerberos authentication</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
OpenSSH servers and clients can be configured to authenticate using the <acronym class="acronym">GSSAPI</acronym> (Generic Security Services Application Program Interface) implementation of the Kerberos network authentication protocol.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-versions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.1.3. Protocol Versions</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263482193392" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482191952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-versions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.1.3. Protocol Versions</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225459216976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225459215536" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Two varieties of SSH currently exist: version 1 and version 2. The OpenSSH suite under Fedora uses SSH version 2, which has an enhanced key exchange algorithm not vulnerable to the known exploit in version 1. However, for compatibility reasons, the OpenSSH suite does support version 1 connections as well, although version 1 is disabled by default and needs to be enabled in the configuration files.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Avoid using SSH version 1</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To ensure maximum security for your connection, it is recommended that only SSH version 2-compatible servers and clients are used whenever possible.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-conn"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263480552880" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-conn"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225459210480" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following series of events help protect the integrity of SSH communication between two hosts.
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
A cryptographic handshake is made so that the client can verify that it is communicating with the correct server.
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
The client authenticates itself to the server.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The client interacts with the remote host over the encrypted connection.
- </div></li></ol></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.1.4.1. Transport Layer</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263480545344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.1.4.1. Transport Layer</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225466807760" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The primary role of the transport layer is to facilitate safe and secure communication between the two hosts at the time of authentication and during subsequent communication. The transport layer accomplishes this by handling the encryption and decryption of data, and by providing integrity protection of data packets as they are sent and received. The transport layer also provides compression, speeding the transfer of information.
</div><div class="para">
Once an SSH client contacts a server, key information is exchanged so that the two systems can correctly construct the transport layer. The following steps occur during this exchange:
@@ -78,18 +78,18 @@
SSH is designed to work with almost any kind of public key algorithm or encoding format. After an initial key exchange creates a hash value used for exchanges and a shared secret value, the two systems immediately begin calculating new keys and algorithms to protect authentication and future data sent over the connection.
</div><div class="para">
After a certain amount of data has been transmitted using a given key and algorithm (the exact amount depends on the SSH implementation), another key exchange occurs, generating another set of hash values and a new shared secret value. Even if an attacker is able to determine the hash and shared secret value, this information is only useful for a limited period of time.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-authentication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.1.4.2. Authentication</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263492780832" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-authentication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.1.4.2. Authentication</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225451681472" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Once the transport layer has constructed a secure tunnel to pass information between the two systems, the server tells the client the different authentication methods supported, such as using a private key-encoded signature or typing a password. The client then tries to authenticate itself to the server using one of these supported methods.
</div><div class="para">
SSH servers and clients can be configured to allow different types of authentication, which gives each side the optimal amount of control. The server can decide which encryption methods it supports based on its security model, and the client can choose the order of authentication methods to attempt from the available options.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-connection"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.1.4.3. Channels</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263492776656" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- After a successful authentication over the SSH transport layer, multiple channels are opened via a technique called <em class="firstterm">multiplexing</em><a href="#ftn.idm263492773984" class="footnote"><sup class="footnote" id="idm263492773984">[1]</sup></a>. Each of these channels handles communication for different terminal sessions and for forwarded X11 sessions.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-connection"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.1.4.3. Channels</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225474386080" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ After a successful authentication over the SSH transport layer, multiple channels are opened via a technique called <em class="firstterm">multiplexing</em><a href="#ftn.idm225474383408" class="footnote"><sup class="footnote" id="idm225474383408">[1]</sup></a>. Each of these channels handles communication for different terminal sessions and for forwarded X11 sessions.
</div><div class="para">
Both clients and servers can create a new channel. Each channel is then assigned a different number on each end of the connection. When the client attempts to open a new channel, the clients sends the channel number along with the request. This information is stored by the server and is used to direct communication to that channel. This is done so that different types of sessions do not affect one another and so that when a given session ends, its channel can be closed without disrupting the primary SSH connection.
</div><div class="para">
Channels also support <em class="firstterm">flow-control</em>, which allows them to send and receive data in an orderly fashion. In this way, data is not sent over the channel until the client receives a message that the channel is open.
</div><div class="para">
The client and server negotiate the characteristics of each channel automatically, depending on the type of service the client requests and the way the user is connected to the network. This allows great flexibility in handling different types of remote connections without having to change the basic infrastructure of the protocol.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="footnotes"><br /><hr /><div id="ftn.idm263492773984" class="footnote"><div class="para"><a href="#idm263492773984" class="para"><sup class="para">[1] </sup></a>
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="footnotes"><br /><hr /><div id="ftn.idm225474383408" class="footnote"><div class="para"><a href="#idm225474383408" class="para"><sup class="para">[1] </sup></a>
A multiplexed connection consists of several signals being sent over a shared, common medium. With SSH, different channels are sent over a common secure connection.
</div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html"><strong>Prev</strong>7.3.2. Related Books</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong>8.2. Configuring OpenSSH</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html
index 2759b64..aa777c5 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="gui-alt_f2.html" title="1.2. Launching Applications with Alt+F2" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a c
lass="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="gui-alt_f2.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 1. Opening Graphical Applications</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html#gui-from_cli">1.1. Opening graphical applications from the command line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-alt_f2.html">1.2. Launching Applications with <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F2</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-from_
menu.html">1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-from_menu.html#gui-from_menu-gnome">1.3.1. Using GNOME menus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-from_menu-kde.html">1.3.2. Using KDE menus </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s03s03.html">1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm263494865104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="gui-alt_f2.html" title="1.2. Launching Applications with Alt+F2" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="
right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="gui-alt_f2.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 1. Opening Graphical Applications</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html#gui-from_cli">1.1. Opening graphical applications from the command line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-alt_f2.html">1.2. Launching Applications with <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F2</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-from_menu.h
tml">1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-from_menu.html#gui-from_menu-gnome">1.3.1. Using GNOME menus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-from_menu-kde.html">1.3.2. Using KDE menus </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s03s03.html">1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm225458225248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora provides graphical applications in addition to command line utilities for configuring many features. This chapter describes methods for opening <code class="literal">Graphical User Interface</code>, or <em class="firstterm">GUI</em>, applications in various environments.
</div><div class="section" id="gui-from_cli"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">1.1. Opening graphical applications from the command line</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
Graphical applications can be launched from a terminal window or console session by simply typing the name of the application.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-RPM.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-RPM.html
index 6f5da10..9305410 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-RPM.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-RPM.html
@@ -6,32 +6,32 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html" title="23.8. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="
Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-rpm-using.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-RPM" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">RPM</h1></div></div></div><a id="idm263499743936" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263499718032" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496038608" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html" title="23.8. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common
_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-rpm-using.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-RPM" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">RPM</h1></div></div></div><a id="idm225464394832" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225457509776" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225475877392" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">RPM Package Manager</em> (<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>) is an open packaging system that runs on Fedora as well as other Linux and UNIX systems. Red Hat and the Fedora Project encourage other vendors to use <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> for their own products. <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> is distributed under the terms of the <em class="firstterm">GPL</em> (<em class="firstterm">GNU General Public License</em>).
</div><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>RPM Package Manager</strong></span> only works with packages built in the <span class="emphasis"><em>RPM format</em></span>. <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> itself is provided as the pre-installed <span class="package">rpm</span> package. For the end user, <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> makes system updates easy. Installing, uninstalling, and upgrading <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages can be accomplished with short commands. <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> maintains a database of installed packages and their files, so you can make queries and verify installed files on your system. There are several applications, such as <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>, that can make working with packages in the <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> format e
ven easier.
- </div><div class="warning" id="warning-Use_DNF_Instead_of_RPM_Whenever_Possible"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Use DNF Instead of RPM Whenever Possible</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="idm263483551456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="warning" id="warning-Use_DNF_Instead_of_RPM_Whenever_Possible"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Use DNF Instead of RPM Whenever Possible</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="idm225425176448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For most package-management tasks, the <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> package manager offers equal and often greater capabilities and utility than <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>. <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> also performs and tracks complicated system-dependency resolutions. <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> maintains the system integrity and forces a system integrity check if packages are installed or removed using another application, such as <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, instead of <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span>. For these reasons, it is highly recommended that you use <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> instead of <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> whenever possible to perform package-management tasks. See <a class="xref" href="ch-DNF.html">Chapter 6, <em>DNF</em></a>.
</div><div class="para">
If you prefer a graphical interface, you can use the <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> GUI application, which uses <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> as its back end, to manage your system's packages.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
During upgrades, <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> handles configuration files carefully, so that you never lose your customizations — something that you cannot accomplish with regular <code class="filename">.tar.gz</code> files.
- </div><a id="idm263478332528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225436592576" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For the developer, <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> enables software source code to be packaged into source and binary packages for end users. This process is quite simple and is driven from a single file and optional patches that you create. This clear delineation between pristine sources and your patches along with build instructions eases the maintenance of the package as new versions of the software are released.
</div><div class="note" id="note-Root_Permissions"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Note</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Because <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> can make changes to the system itself, performing operations like installing, upgrading, downgrading, and uninstalling binary packages system-wide requires <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges in most cases.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.1. RPM Design Goals</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263487746528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.1. RPM Design Goals</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225451492448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To understand how to use <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, it is helpful to understand the design goals of <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263487742752" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225470685040" class="indexterm"></a>
Upgradability </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
With <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, you can upgrade individual components of your system without a complete reinstallation. When you get a new release of an operating system based on <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, such as Fedora, you do not need to reinstall a fresh copy of the operating system on your machine (as you might need to with operating systems based on other packaging systems). <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> allows for intelligent, fully-automated, in-place upgrades of your system. In addition, configuration files in packages are preserved across upgrades, so you do not lose your customizations. There are no special upgrade files needed to upgrade a package because the same <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> file is used to both install and upgrade the package on the system.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263478088160" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225470678768" class="indexterm"></a>
Powerful Querying </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> is designed to provide powerful querying options. You can perform searches on your copy of the database for packages or even just certain files. You can also easily find out what package a file belongs to and where the package came from. The files an <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> package contains are in a compressed archive, with a custom binary header containing useful information about the package and its contents, allowing you to query individual packages quickly and easily.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263497298448" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225445669712" class="indexterm"></a>
System Verification </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Another powerful <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> feature is the ability to verify packages. It allows you to verify that the files installed on the system are the same as the ones supplied by a given package. If an inconsistency is detected, <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> notifies you, and you can reinstall the package if necessary. Any configuration files that you modified are preserved during reinstallation.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263497293408" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225445664672" class="indexterm"></a>
Pristine Sources </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A crucial design goal was to allow the use of <span class="emphasis"><em>pristine</em></span> software sources, as distributed by the original authors of the software. With <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, you have the pristine sources along with any patches that were used, plus complete build instructions. This is an important advantage for several reasons. For instance, if a new version of a program is released, you do not necessarily have to start from scratch to get it to compile. You can look at the patch to see what you <span class="emphasis"><em>might</em></span> need to do. All the compiled-in defaults, and all of the changes that were made to get the software to build properly, are easily visible using this technique.
</div><div class="para">
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Services_and_Daemons.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Services_and_Daemons.html
index 96699bb..b3d24a4 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Services_and_Daemons.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Services_and_Daemons.html
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part III. Infrastructure Services" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part III. Infrastructure Services" /><link rel="next" href="s1-services-running.html" title="7.2. Running Services" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href=
"http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-services-running.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Services_and_Daemons" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 7. Services and Daemons</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></d
t></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-running.html">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-stopping.html">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-restarting.html">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html">7.3.2. Related
Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm263480716656" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part III. Infrastructure Services" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part III. Infrastructure Services" /><link rel="next" href="s1-services-running.html" title="7.2. Running Services" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http:
//docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-services-running.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Services_and_Daemons" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 7. Services and Daemons</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl
></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-running.html">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-stopping.html">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-restarting.html">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html">7.3.2. Related Books
</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm225465244784" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Maintaining security on your system is extremely important, and one approach for this task is to manage access to system services carefully. Your system may need to provide open access to particular services (for example, <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> if you are running a web server). However, if you do not need to provide a service, you should turn it off to minimize your exposure to possible bug exploits.
</div><div class="para">
This chapter covers the configuration of the services to be run when a system is started, and provides information on how to start, stop, and restart the services on the command line using the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Keep the system secure</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When you allow access for new services, always remember that both the firewall and <span class="application"><strong>SELinux</strong></span> need to be configured as well. One of the most common mistakes committed when configuring a new service is neglecting to implement the necessary firewall configuration and SELinux policies to allow access for it. For more information, refer to the Fedora 24 <em class="citetitle">Security Guide</em>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-services-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">7.1. Configuring Services</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263491596704" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482217456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-services-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">7.1. Configuring Services</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225455262368" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225445470512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To allow you to configure which services are started at boot time, Fedora is shipped with the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> command line tool.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use the ntsysv and chkconfig utilities</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although it is still possible to use the <span class="application"><strong>ntsysv</strong></span> and <span class="application"><strong>chkconfig</strong></span> utilities to manage services that have init scripts installed in the <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/</code> directory, it is advised that you use the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html
index c9c4fb5..bb60b14 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="ch01s03s03.html" title="1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html" title="2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a c
lass="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch01s03s03.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s1-Setting_the_System_Locale">2.1. Setting the System Locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Status">2.1.1. Displaying the Current Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href=
"ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s2-Listing_Available_Locales">2.1.2. Listing Available Locales</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s2-Setting_the_Locale">2.1.3. Setting the Locale</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html">2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Settings">2.2.1. Displaying the Current Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html">2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Setting_the_Keymap.html">2.2.3. Setting the Keymap</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources.html">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm263485732176" class="indexterm"></a><d
iv class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="ch01s03s03.html" title="1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html" title="2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="
right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch01s03s03.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s1-Setting_the_System_Locale">2.1. Setting the System Locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Status">2.1.1. Displaying the Current Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Sy
stem_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s2-Listing_Available_Locales">2.1.2. Listing Available Locales</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s2-Setting_the_Locale">2.1.3. Setting the Locale</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html">2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Settings">2.2.1. Displaying the Current Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html">2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Setting_the_Keymap.html">2.2.3. Setting the Keymap</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources.html">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm225452564432" class="indexterm"></a><div cla
ss="para">
The <span class="emphasis"><em>system locale</em></span> specifies the language settings of system services and user interfaces. The <span class="emphasis"><em>keyboard layout</em></span> settings control the layout used on the text console and graphical user interfaces.
</div><div class="para">
These settings can be made by modifying the <code class="filename">/etc/locale.conf</code> configuration file or by using the <span class="application"><strong>localectl</strong></span> utility. Also, you can use the graphical user interface to perform the task; for a description of this method, see <a href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide">Fedora Installation Guide</a>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html
index 7a18f4d..985fa45 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part V. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part V. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="next" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html" title="17.2. Viewing Memory Usage" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class=
"right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 17. System Monitoring Tools</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">17.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">17.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">17.1.
2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">17.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">17.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">17.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">17.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html">17.3. Viewing CPU Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">17.3.1. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html">17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><
dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">17.4.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html">17.4.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html">17.4.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html">17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">17.4.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html">17.4.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">17.5. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt>
<span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">17.5.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html">17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html">17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html">17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html">17.6. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">17.6.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running.html">17.6.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_
Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring.html">17.6.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving.html">17.6.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending.html">17.6.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html">17.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">17.7.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm263492546016" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487461632" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part V. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part V. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="next" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html" title="17.2. Viewing Memory Usage" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right
" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 17. System Monitoring Tools</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">17.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">17.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">17.1.2. Usi
ng the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">17.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">17.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">17.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">17.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html">17.3. Viewing CPU Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">17.3.1. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html">17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl
><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">17.4.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html">17.4.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html">17.4.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html">17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">17.4.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html">17.4.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">17.5. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">17.5.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html">17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html">17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html">17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html">17.6. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">17.6.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running.html">17.6.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monito
ring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring.html">17.6.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving.html">17.6.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending.html">17.6.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html">17.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">17.7.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm225451871056" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472491136" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In order to configure the system, system administrators often need to determine the amount of free memory, how much free disk space is available, how the hard drive is partitioned, or what processes are running.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-system-processes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.1. Viewing System Processes</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263492425232" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263483279456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.1.1. Using the ps Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263491518704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-system-processes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.1. Viewing System Processes</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225459327616" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225430706768" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.1.1. Using the ps Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225454509024" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">ps</code> command allows you to display information about running processes. It produces a static list, that is, a snapshot of what is running when you execute the command. If you want a constantly updated list of running processes, use the <code class="command">top</code> command or the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> application instead.
</div><div class="para">
To list all processes that are currently running on the system including processes owned by other users, type the following at a shell prompt:
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [migration/0]
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ps ax | grep emacs</code>
2625 ? Sl 0:00 emacs</pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>ps</strong></span>(1) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.1.2. Using the top Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263481609104" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478403152" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.1.2. Using the top Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225452680672" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452678752" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">top</code> command displays a real-time list of processes that are running on the system. It also displays additional information about the system uptime, current CPU and memory usage, or total number of running processes, and allows you to perform actions such as sorting the list or killing a process.
</div><div class="para">
To run the <code class="command">top</code> command, type the following at a shell prompt:
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Swap: 1540092k total, 55780k used, 1484312k free, 256408k cached
<span class="keycap"><strong>q</strong></span>
</td><td class="">
Terminates the utility and returns to the shell prompt.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263476887968" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263491048352" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225453235744" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225453234624" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Processes</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool allows you to view, search for, change the priority of, and kill processes from the graphical user interface.
</div><div class="para">
To start the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool, either select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or type <code class="command">gnome-system-monitor</code> at a shell prompt. Then click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Processes</strong></span> tab to view the list of running processes.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-TigerVNC.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-TigerVNC.html
index fcf6fc0..bce7e92 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-TigerVNC.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-TigerVNC.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part III. Infrastructure Services" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html" title="8.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s5-vnc-viewer.html" title="9.2. VNC Viewer" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedor
aproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s5-vnc-viewer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-TigerVNC" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 9. TigerVNC</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s1-vnc-server">9.1. VNC Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s2-vnc-installation">9.1.1. Installing VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s3-configuring-vnc-server">9.1.2. Configuring VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s4-starting-vncserver">9.1.3. Starting VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><
span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#terminating-vnc-session">9.1.4. Terminating a VNC Session</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s5-vnc-viewer.html">9.2. VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s5-vnc-viewer.html#installing-vncviewer">9.2.1. Installing VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html">9.2.2. Connecting to VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using_ssh.html">9.2.3. Connecting to VNC Server Using SSH</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s9-additional-sources.html">9.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part III. Infrastructure Services" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html" title="8.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s5-vnc-viewer.html" title="9.2. VNC Viewer" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproje
ct.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s5-vnc-viewer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-TigerVNC" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 9. TigerVNC</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s1-vnc-server">9.1. VNC Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s2-vnc-installation">9.1.1. Installing VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s3-configuring-vnc-server">9.1.2. Configuring VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s4-starting-vncserver">9.1.3. Starting VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span c
lass="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#terminating-vnc-session">9.1.4. Terminating a VNC Session</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s5-vnc-viewer.html">9.2. VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s5-vnc-viewer.html#installing-vncviewer">9.2.1. Installing VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html">9.2.2. Connecting to VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using_ssh.html">9.2.3. Connecting to VNC Server Using SSH</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s9-additional-sources.html">9.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">TigerVNC</code> (Tiger Virtual Network Computing) is a system for graphical desktop sharing which allows you to remotely control other computers.
</div><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">TigerVNC</code> works on the client-server network: a <span class="bold bold"><strong>server</strong></span> shares its output (<code class="systemitem">vncserver</code>) and a <span class="bold bold"><strong>client</strong></span> (<code class="systemitem">vncviewer</code>) connects to the server.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html
index 4a70167..1802baa 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html
@@ -6,18 +6,18 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part V. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html" title="17.7. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html" title="18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" />
</a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-logfiles-locating">18.1. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html">18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html#s2-Filters">18.
2.1. Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Actions.html">18.2.2. Actions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Templates.html">18.2.3. Templates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-global_directives.html">18.2.4. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-log_rotation.html">18.2.5. Log Rotation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html">18.3. Using the New Configuration Format</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html#sec-Rulesets">18.3.1. Rulesets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-compatibility_with_syslogd.html">18.3.2. Compatibility with syslogd</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html">18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-working_with
_queues_in_rsyslog.html#s2-defining_queues">18.4.1. Defining Queues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-managing_queues.html">18.4.2. Managing Queues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html">18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html#sec-Using_The_New_Template_Syntax_on_a_Logging_Server">18.5.1. Using The New Template Syntax on a Logging Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html">18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html#s2-importing_text_files">18.6.1. Importing Text Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html">18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-e
nabling_encrypted_transport.html">18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-using_RELP.html">18.6.4. Using RELP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html">18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html">18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html#s2-importing_data_from_journal">18.8.1. Importing Data from Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-filtering_structured_messages.html">18.8.2. Filtering Structured Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-parsing_JSON.html">18.8.3. Parsing JSON</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html">18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span cla
ss="section"><a href="s1-debugging_rsyslog.html">18.9. Debugging Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server.html">18.10. Troubleshooting Logging to a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html">18.11. Using the Journal</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html#s2-Viewing_Log_Files">18.11.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Access_Control.html">18.11.2. Access Control</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Using_The_Live_View.html">18.11.3. Using The Live View</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Filtering_Messages.html">18.11.4. Filtering Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html">18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environme
nt.html">18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html#s2-logfiles-viewing">18.12.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-logfiles-adding.html">18.12.2. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-logfiles-examining.html">18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html">18.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm263490367472" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263491220784" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part V. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html" title="17.7. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html" title="18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a
class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-logfiles-locating">18.1. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html">18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html#s2-Filters">18.2.1. F
ilters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Actions.html">18.2.2. Actions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Templates.html">18.2.3. Templates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-global_directives.html">18.2.4. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-log_rotation.html">18.2.5. Log Rotation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html">18.3. Using the New Configuration Format</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html#sec-Rulesets">18.3.1. Rulesets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-compatibility_with_syslogd.html">18.3.2. Compatibility with syslogd</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html">18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-working_with_queue
s_in_rsyslog.html#s2-defining_queues">18.4.1. Defining Queues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-managing_queues.html">18.4.2. Managing Queues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html">18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html#sec-Using_The_New_Template_Syntax_on_a_Logging_Server">18.5.1. Using The New Template Syntax on a Logging Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html">18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html#s2-importing_text_files">18.6.1. Importing Text Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html">18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-enablin
g_encrypted_transport.html">18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-using_RELP.html">18.6.4. Using RELP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html">18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html">18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html#s2-importing_data_from_journal">18.8.1. Importing Data from Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-filtering_structured_messages.html">18.8.2. Filtering Structured Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-parsing_JSON.html">18.8.3. Parsing JSON</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html">18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="se
ction"><a href="s1-debugging_rsyslog.html">18.9. Debugging Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server.html">18.10. Troubleshooting Logging to a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html">18.11. Using the Journal</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html#s2-Viewing_Log_Files">18.11.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Access_Control.html">18.11.2. Access Control</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Using_The_Live_View.html">18.11.3. Using The Live View</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Filtering_Messages.html">18.11.4. Filtering Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html">18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.htm
l">18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html#s2-logfiles-viewing">18.12.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-logfiles-adding.html">18.12.2. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-logfiles-examining.html">18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html">18.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm225446474384" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225464384288" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Log files</em> are files that contain messages about the system, including the kernel, services, and applications running on it. There are different log files for different information. For example, there is a default system log file, a log file just for security messages, and a log file for cron tasks.
</div><div class="para">
Log files can be very useful when trying to troubleshoot a problem with the system such as trying to load a kernel driver or when looking for unauthorized login attempts to the system. This chapter discusses where to find log files, how to view log files, and what to look for in log files.
- </div><a id="idm263484222784" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263481988560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225493204016" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225459173312" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Some log files are controlled by a daemon called <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code>. The <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> daemon is an enhanced replacement for <span class="application"><strong>sysklogd</strong></span>, and provides extended filtering, encryption protected relaying of messages, various configuration options, input and output modules, support for transportation via the <code class="systemitem">TCP</code> or <code class="systemitem">UDP</code> protocols. Note that <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> is compatible with <span class="application"><strong>sysklogd</strong></span>.
</div><div class="para">
Log files can also be managed by the <code class="systemitem">journald</code> daemon – a component of <code class="systemitem">systemd</code>. The <code class="systemitem">journald</code> daemon captures Syslog messages, kernel log messages, initial RAM disk and early boot messages as well as messages written to standard output and standard error output of all services, indexes them and makes this available to the user. The native journal file format, which is a structured and indexed binary file, improves searching and provides faster operation, and it also stores meta data information like time stamps or user IDs. Log files produced by <code class="systemitem">journald</code> are by default not persistent, log files are stored only in memory or a small ring-buffer in the <code class="filename">/run/log/journal/</code> directory. The amount of logged data depends on free memory, when you reach the capacity limit, the oldest entries are deleted. However, this setting can
be altered – see <a class="xref" href="s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html">Section 18.11.5, “Enabling Persistent Storage”</a>. For more information on Journal see <a class="xref" href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html">Section 18.11, “Using the Journal”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
By default, these two logging tools coexist on your system. The <code class="systemitem">journald</code> daemon is the primary tool for troubleshooting. It also provides additional data necessary for creating structured log messages. Data acquired by <code class="systemitem">journald</code> is forwarded into the <code class="systemitem">/run/systemd/journal/syslog</code> socket that may be used by <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> to process the data further. However, <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> does the actual integration by default via the <code class="systemitem">imjournal</code> input module, thus avoiding the aforementioned socket. You can also transfer data in the opposite direction, from <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> to <code class="systemitem">journald</code> with use of <code class="systemitem">omjournal</code> module. See <a class="xref" href="s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html">Section 18.7, “Interaction
of Rsyslog and Journal”</a> for further information. The integration enables maintaining text-based logs in a consistent format to ensure compatibility with possible applications or configurations dependent on <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code>. Also, you can maintain rsyslog messages in a structured format (see <a class="xref" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html">Section 18.8, “Structured Logging with Rsyslog”</a>).
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-logfiles-locating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.1. Locating Log Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263483323008" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-logfiles-locating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.1. Locating Log Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225463814608" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A list of log files maintained by <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> can be found in the <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> configuration file. Most log files are located in the <code class="filename">/var/log/</code> directory. Some applications such as <code class="command">httpd</code> and <code class="command">samba</code> have a directory within <code class="filename">/var/log/</code> for their log files.
- </div><a id="idm263495288464" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263495287024" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225432140576" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225432139136" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You may notice multiple files in the <code class="filename">/var/log/</code> directory with numbers after them (for example, <code class="filename">cron-20100906</code>). These numbers represent a time stamp that has been added to a rotated log file. Log files are rotated so their file sizes do not become too large. The <code class="filename">logrotate</code> package contains a cron task that automatically rotates log files according to the <code class="filename">/etc/logrotate.conf</code> configuration file and the configuration files in the <code class="filename">/etc/logrotate.d/</code> directory.
</div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>17.7. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html"><strong>Next</strong>18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</a></li></ul></body></html>
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Web_Servers.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Web_Servers.html
index 10d206f..bd3ef21 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Web_Servers.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Web_Servers.html
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. Mail Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/im
age_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Web_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 10. Web Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">10.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-changes">10.1.1. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">10.1.2. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-running">10.1.3. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="secti
on"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">10.1.4. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">10.1.5. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-virtualhosts">10.1.6. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">10.1.7. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-resources">10.1.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm263474869376" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474872592" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. Mail Servers" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_ri
ght.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Web_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 10. Web Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">10.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-changes">10.1.1. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">10.1.2. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-running">10.1.3. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">10.1.4. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">10.1.5. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-virtualhosts">10.1.6. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">10.1.7. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-resources">10.1.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="idm225460213552" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225460216768" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">web server</em> is a network service that serves content to a client over the web. This typically means web pages, but any other documents can be served as well. Web servers are also known as HTTP servers, as they use the <em class="firstterm">hypertext transport protocol</em> (<acronym class="acronym">HTTP</acronym>).
- </div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">10.1. The Apache HTTP Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263474876656" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">10.1. The Apache HTTP Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225460220832" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The web server available in Fedora is the Apache HTTP server daemon, <code class="systemitem">httpd</code>, an open source web server developed by the <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache Software Foundation</a>. In Fedora 19 the Apache server was updated to <span class="application"><strong>Apache HTTP Server 2.4</strong></span>. This section describes the basic configuration of the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service, and covers some advanced topics such as adding server modules, setting up virtual hosts, or configuring the secure HTTP server.
</div><div class="para">
There are important differences between the Apache HTTP Server 2.4 and version 2.2, and if you are upgrading from a release prior to Fedora 19, you will need to update the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service configuration accordingly. This section reviews some of the newly added features, outlines important changes, and guides you through the update of older configuration files.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.1. Notable Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263474884464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.1. Notable Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225452349232" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Apache HTTP Server version 2.4 has the following changes compared to version 2.2:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">httpd Service Control</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
With the migration away from SysV init scripts, server administrators should switch to using the <code class="command">apachectl</code> and <code class="command">systemctl</code> commands to control the service, in place of the <code class="command">service</code> command. The following examples are specific to the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">mod_authz_ldap</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>httpd 2.4</strong></span> provides LDAP support in sub-package <span class="package">mod_ldap</span> using <span class="application"><strong>mod_authnz_ldap</strong></span>.
</div></dd></dl></div>
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-version2-migrating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.2. Updating the Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263474993616" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-version2-migrating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.2. Updating the Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225452208752" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To update the configuration files from the Apache HTTP Server version 2.2, take the following steps:
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Make sure all module names are correct, since they may have changed. Adjust the <code class="option">LoadModule</code> directive for each module that has been renamed.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Recompile all third party modules before attempting to load them. This typically means authentication and authorization modules.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
- <a id="idm263475002672" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225432079440" class="indexterm"></a>
If you use the <code class="systemitem">mod_userdir</code> module, make sure the <code class="option">UserDir</code> directive indicating a directory name (typically <code class="literal">public_html</code>) is provided.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
If you use the Apache HTTP Secure Server, edit the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</code> to enable the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol.
@@ -96,19 +96,19 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install httpd</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on the concept of targets and how to manage system services in Fedora in general, see
<a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.3.1. Starting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263475015584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.3.1. Starting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225432002944" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To run the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl start httpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
If you want the service to start automatically at boot time, use the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl enable httpd.service</code>
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service'</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the secure server</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If running the Apache HTTP Server as a secure server, a password may be required after the machine boots if using an encrypted private SSL key.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.3.2. Stopping the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263475025744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.3.2. Stopping the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225432013104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To stop the running <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl stop httpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
To prevent the service from starting automatically at boot time, type:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl disable httpd.service</code>
-rm '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service'</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.3.3. Restarting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263475033488" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+rm '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service'</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.3.3. Restarting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225471729216" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There are three different ways to restart a running <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service:
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To restart the service completely, enter the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ rm '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service'</pre></div><div c
This causes the running <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service to reload its configuration file. Any requests currently being processed will continue to use the old configuration.
</div></li></ol></div><div class="para">
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-status"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.3.4. Verifying the Service Status</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263475069184" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-status"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.3.4. Verifying the Service Status</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225473959744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To verify that the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service is running, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl is-active httpd.service</code>
active</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-editing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.4. Editing the Configuration Files</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
@@ -134,25 +134,25 @@ active</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-editing"><div class="
</th><th class="">
Description
</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="">
- <a id="idm263475064384" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225454354864" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code>
</td><td class="">
The main configuration file.
</td></tr><tr><td class="">
- <a id="idm263475071376" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225473961936" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/</code>
</td><td class="">
An auxiliary directory for configuration files that are included in the main configuration file.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Although the default configuration should be suitable for most situations, it is a good idea to become at least familiar with some of the more important configuration options. Note that for any changes to take effect, the web server has to be restarted first. See <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 10.1.3.3, “Restarting the Service”</a> for more information on how to restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
- </div><a id="idm263475077952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225473968512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To check the configuration for possible errors, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">apachectl configtest</code>
Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
To make the recovery from mistakes easier, it is recommended that you make a copy of the original file before editing it.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-httpdconf-directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.4.1. Common httpd.conf Directives</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263475082768" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-httpdconf-directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.4.1. Common httpd.conf Directives</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225473973328" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following directives are commonly used in the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code> configuration file:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475088192" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225461119360" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><Directory></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><Directory></code> directive allows you to apply certain directives to a particular directory only. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><Directory <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em>>
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
-</Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475101136" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225436304048" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><IfDefine></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">IfDefine</code> directive allows you to use certain directives only when a particular parameter is supplied on the command line. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><IfDefine [<span class="optional">!</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>parameter</code></em>>
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>parameter</code></em> can be supplied at a shell prompt using the <code class="option">-D</code><em class="replaceable"><code>parameter</code></em> command line option (for example, <code class="command">httpd -DEnableHome</code>). If the optional exclamation mark (that is, <code class="literal">!</code>) is present, the enclosed directives are used only when the parameter is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> specified.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-ifdefine"><h6>Example 10.2. Using the <IfDefine> directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting"><IfDefine EnableHome>
UserDir public_html
-</IfDefine></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475115568" class="indexterm"></a>
+</IfDefine></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225462173216" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><IfModule></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><IfModule></code> directive allows you to use certain directive only when a particular module is loaded. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><IfModule [<span class="optional">!</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>module</code></em>>
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-ifmodule"><h6>Example 10.3. Using the <IfModule> directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting"><IfModule mod_disk_cache.c>
CacheEnable disk /
CacheRoot /var/cache/mod_proxy
-</IfModule></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475125888" class="indexterm"></a>
+</IfModule></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225462183536" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><Location></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><Location></code> directive allows you to apply certain directives to a particular URL only. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><Location <em class="replaceable"><code>url</code></em>>
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from .example.com
-</Location></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475139280" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Location></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225492978544" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><Proxy></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><Proxy></code> directive allows you to apply certain directives to the proxy server only. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><Proxy <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>>
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from .example.com
-</Proxy></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475149312" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Proxy></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225470614464" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><VirtualHost></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><VirtualHost></code> directive allows you apply certain directives to particular virtual hosts only. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><VirtualHost <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em>[<span class="optional">:<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span>]…>
@@ -239,12 +239,12 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
ServerName penguin.example.com
ErrorLog logs/penguin.example.com-error_log
CustomLog logs/penguin.example.com-access_log common
-</VirtualHost></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475169952" class="indexterm"></a>
+</VirtualHost></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225468661024" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AccessFileName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AccessFileName</code> directive allows you to specify the file to be used to customize access control information for each directory. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">AccessFileName <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><a id="idm263475174752" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263475177424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">AccessFileName <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><a id="idm225468665824" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225468668496" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> is a name of the file to look for in the requested directory. By default, the server looks for <code class="filename">.htaccess</code>.
- </div><a id="idm263475180400" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263475188992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225468671472" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225468326416" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For security reasons, the directive is typically followed by the <code class="literal">Files</code> tag to prevent the files beginning with <code class="filename">.ht</code> from being accessed by web clients. This includes the <code class="filename">.htaccess</code> and <code class="filename">.htpasswd</code> files.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-accessfilename"><h6>Example 10.7. Using the AccessFileName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AccessFileName .htaccess
@@ -252,31 +252,31 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
Satisfy All
-</Files></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475190432" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Files></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225468327856" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Action</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Action</code> directive allows you to specify a CGI script to be executed when a certain media type is requested. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Action <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> has to be a valid MIME type such as <code class="literal">text/html</code>, <code class="literal">image/png</code>, or <code class="literal">application/pdf</code>. The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing CGI script, and must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/cgi-bin/process-image.cgi</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-action"><h6>Example 10.8. Using the Action directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Action image/png /cgi-bin/process-image.cgi</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475202288" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-action"><h6>Example 10.8. Using the Action directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Action image/png /cgi-bin/process-image.cgi</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225427637616" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddDescription</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddDescription</code> directive allows you to specify a short description to be displayed in server-generated directory listings for a given file. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddDescription "<em class="replaceable"><code>description</code></em>" <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>description</code></em> should be a short text enclosed in double quotes (that is, <code class="literal">"</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> can be a full file name, a file extension, or a wildcard expression.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-adddescription"><h6>Example 10.9. Using the AddDescription directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddDescription "GZIP compressed tar archive" .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475214464" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-adddescription"><h6>Example 10.9. Using the AddDescription directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddDescription "GZIP compressed tar archive" .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225471377376" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddEncoding</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddEncoding</code> directive allows you to specify an encoding type for a particular file extension. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddEncoding <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em> has to be a valid MIME encoding such as <code class="literal">x-compress</code>, <code class="literal">x-gzip</code>, etc. The <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em> is a case sensitive file extension, and is conventionally written with a leading dot (for example, <code class="literal">.gz</code>).
</div><div class="para">
This directive is typically used to instruct web browsers to decompress certain file types as they are downloaded.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addencoding"><h6>Example 10.10. Using the AddEncoding directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475225136" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addencoding"><h6>Example 10.10. Using the AddEncoding directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225471388048" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddHandler</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddHandler</code> directive allows you to map certain file extensions to a selected handler. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddHandler <em class="replaceable"><code>handler</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>handler</code></em> has to be a name of previously defined handler. The <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em> is a case sensitive file extension, and is conventionally written with a leading dot (for example, <code class="literal">.cgi</code>).
</div><div class="para">
This directive is typically used to treat files with the <code class="filename">.cgi</code> extension as CGI scripts regardless of the directory they are in. Additionally, it is also commonly used to process server-parsed HTML and image-map files.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addhandler"><h6>Example 10.11. Using the AddHandler option</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddHandler cgi-script .cgi</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475237456" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addhandler"><h6>Example 10.11. Using the AddHandler option</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddHandler cgi-script .cgi</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225460845920" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddIcon</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddIcon</code> directive allows you to specify an icon to be displayed for a particular file in server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddIcon <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -293,34 +293,34 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">^^BLANKICON^^</code>
</td><td class="">
Represents a blank line.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addicon"><h6>Example 10.12. Using the AddIcon directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIcon /icons/text.png .txt README</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475257856" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addicon"><h6>Example 10.12. Using the AddIcon directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIcon /icons/text.png .txt README</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225464273840" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddIconByEncoding</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddIconByEncoding</code> directive allows you to specify an icon to be displayed for a particular encoding type in server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByEncoding <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing icon file, and must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/icons/compressed.png</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em> has to be a valid MIME encoding such as <code class="literal">x-compress</code>, <code class="literal">x-gzip</code>, etc.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addiconbyencoding"><h6>Example 10.13. Using the AddIconByEncoding directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByEncoding /icons/compressed.png x-compress x-gzip</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475272128" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addiconbyencoding"><h6>Example 10.13. Using the AddIconByEncoding directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByEncoding /icons/compressed.png x-compress x-gzip</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225455396240" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddIconByType</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddIconByType</code> directive allows you to specify an icon to be displayed for a particular media type in server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByType <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing icon file, and must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/icons/text.png</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> has to be either a valid MIME type (for example, <code class="literal">text/html</code> or <code class="literal">image/png</code>), or a wildcard expression such as <code class="literal">text/*</code>, <code class="literal">image/*</code>, etc.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addiconbytype"><h6>Example 10.14. Using the AddIconByType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByType /icons/video.png video/*</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475285408" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addiconbytype"><h6>Example 10.14. Using the AddIconByType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByType /icons/video.png video/*</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225466711856" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddLanguage</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddLanguage</code> directive allows you to associate a file extension with a specific language. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddLanguage <em class="replaceable"><code>language</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>language</code></em> has to be a valid MIME language such as <code class="literal">cs</code>, <code class="literal">en</code>, or <code class="literal">fr</code>. The <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em> is a case sensitive file extension, and is conventionally written with a leading dot (for example, <code class="literal">.cs</code>).
</div><div class="para">
This directive is especially useful for web servers that serve content in multiple languages based on the client's language settings.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addlanguage"><h6>Example 10.15. Using the AddLanguage directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddLanguage cs .cs .cz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475297504" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addlanguage"><h6>Example 10.15. Using the AddLanguage directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddLanguage cs .cs .cz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225431908128" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddType</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddType</code> directive allows you to define or override the media type for a particular file extension. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddType <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> has to be a valid MIME type such as <code class="literal">text/html</code>, <code class="literal">image/png</code>, etc. The <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em> is a case sensitive file extension, and is conventionally written with a leading dot (for example, <code class="literal">.cs</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addtype"><h6>Example 10.16. Using the AddType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475311344" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addtype"><h6>Example 10.16. Using the AddType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225454888976" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Alias</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Alias</code> directive allows you to refer to files and directories outside the default directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Alias <em class="replaceable"><code>url-path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>real-path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>url-path</code></em> must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/images/</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>real-path</code></em> is a full path to a file or directory in the local file system.
- </div><a id="idm263475319408" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225454897040" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directive is typically followed by the <code class="option">Directory</code> tag with additional permissions to access the target directory. By default, the <code class="literal">/icons/</code> alias is created so that the icons from <code class="filename">/var/www/icons/</code> are displayed in server-generated directory listings.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-alias"><h6>Example 10.17. Using the Alias directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Alias /icons/ /var/www/icons/
@@ -329,13 +329,13 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
-<Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475327488" class="indexterm"></a>
+<Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225475927952" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Allow</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Allow</code> directive allows you to specify which clients have permission to access a given directory. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Allow from <em class="replaceable"><code>client</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>client</code></em> can be a domain name, an IP address (both full and partial), a <em class="replaceable"><code>network</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>netmask</code></em> pair, or <code class="literal">all</code> for all clients.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-allow"><h6>Example 10.18. Using the Allow directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Allow from 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475336848" class="indexterm"></a>
- <code class="option">AllowOverride</code> </span></dt><dd><a id="idm263475340016" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263475343616" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-allow"><h6>Example 10.18. Using the Allow directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Allow from 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225475937312" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <code class="option">AllowOverride</code> </span></dt><dd><a id="idm225461897744" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225461901344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AllowOverride</code> directive allows you to specify which directives in a <code class="filename">.htaccess</code> file can override the default configuration. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AllowOverride <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em> has to be one of the available grouping options as described in <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#table-apache-httpdconf-allowoverride">Table 10.4, “Available AllowOverride options”</a>.
@@ -371,24 +371,24 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">Options</code>[<span class="optional">=<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>,…</span>]
</td><td class="">
Allows the use of the <code class="option">Options</code> directive. Additionally, you can provide a comma-separated list of options to customize which options can be set using this directive.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-allowoverride"><h6>Example 10.19. Using the AllowOverride directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475381392" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-allowoverride"><h6>Example 10.19. Using the AllowOverride directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225447539520" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">BrowserMatch</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">BrowserMatch</code> directive allows you to modify the server behavior based on the client's web browser type. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">BrowserMatch <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> is a regular expression to match the User-Agent HTTP header field. The <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em> is an environment variable that is set when the header field matches the pattern.
</div><div class="para">
By default, this directive is used to deny connections to specific browsers with known issues, and to disable keepalives and HTTP header flushes for browsers that are known to have problems with these actions.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-browsermatch"><h6>Example 10.20. Using the BrowserMatch directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475392272" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-browsermatch"><h6>Example 10.20. Using the BrowserMatch directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225447550048" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheDefaultExpire</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheDefaultExpire</code> option allows you to set how long to cache a document that does not have any expiration date or the date of its last modification specified. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheDefaultExpire <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em> is specified in seconds. The default option is <code class="literal">3600</code> (that is, one hour).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachedefaultexpire"><h6>Example 10.21. Using the CacheDefaultExpire directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheDefaultExpire 3600</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475403344" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachedefaultexpire"><h6>Example 10.21. Using the CacheDefaultExpire directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheDefaultExpire 3600</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225438368240" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheDisable</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheDisable</code> directive allows you to disable caching of certain URLs. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheDisable <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/files/</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachedisable"><h6>Example 10.22. Using the CacheDisable directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheDisable /temporary</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475410832" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachedisable"><h6>Example 10.22. Using the CacheDisable directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheDisable /temporary</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225465311440" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheEnable</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheEnable</code> directive allows you to specify a cache type to be used for certain URLs. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheEnable <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>url</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -409,17 +409,17 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">fd</code>
</td><td class="">
The file descriptor cache.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cacheenable"><h6>Example 10.23. Using the CacheEnable directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheEnable disk /</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475436720" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cacheenable"><h6>Example 10.23. Using the CacheEnable directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheEnable disk /</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225464924480" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheLastModifiedFactor</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheLastModifiedFactor</code> directive allows you to customize how long to cache a document that does not have any expiration date specified, but that provides information about the date of its last modification. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheLastModifiedFactor <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> is a coefficient to be used to multiply the time that passed since the last modification of the document. The default option is <code class="literal">0.1</code> (that is, one tenth).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachelastmodifiedfactor"><h6>Example 10.24. Using the CacheLastModifiedFactor directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheLastModifiedFactor 0.1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475447632" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachelastmodifiedfactor"><h6>Example 10.24. Using the CacheLastModifiedFactor directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheLastModifiedFactor 0.1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225464936048" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheMaxExpire</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheMaxExpire</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum amount of time to cache a document. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheMaxExpire <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em> is specified in seconds. The default option is <code class="literal">86400</code> (that is, one day).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachemaxexpire"><h6>Example 10.25. Using the CacheMaxExpire directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheMaxExpire 86400</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475460848" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachemaxexpire"><h6>Example 10.25. Using the CacheMaxExpire directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheMaxExpire 86400</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225459556304" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheNegotiatedDocs</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheNegotiatedDocs</code> directive allows you to enable caching of the documents that were negotiated on the basis of content. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheNegotiatedDocs <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -436,53 +436,53 @@ Syntax OK</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">Off</code>
</td><td class="">
Disables caching the content-negotiated documents.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachenegotiateddocs"><h6>Example 10.26. Using the CacheNegotiatedDocs directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheNegotiatedDocs On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475477152" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachenegotiateddocs"><h6>Example 10.26. Using the CacheNegotiatedDocs directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheNegotiatedDocs On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225462427184" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheRoot</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheRoot</code> directive allows you to specify the directory to store cache files in. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">CacheRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="idm263475482528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">CacheRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="idm225439732672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> must be a full path to an existing directory in the local file system. The default option is <code class="filename">/var/cache/mod_proxy/</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cacheroot"><h6>Example 10.27. Using the CacheRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheRoot /var/cache/mod_proxy</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475491504" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cacheroot"><h6>Example 10.27. Using the CacheRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheRoot /var/cache/mod_proxy</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225439737344" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CustomLog</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CustomLog</code> directive allows you to specify the log file name and the log file format. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">CustomLog <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em></pre><a id="idm263475495392" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">CustomLog <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em></pre><a id="idm225471118432" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to a log file, and must be relative to the directory that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code> by default). The <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em> has to be either an explicit format string, or a format name that was previously defined using the <code class="option">LogFormat</code> directive.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-customlog"><h6>Example 10.28. Using the CustomLog directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CustomLog logs/access_log combined</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475504496" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-customlog"><h6>Example 10.28. Using the CustomLog directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CustomLog logs/access_log combined</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225471126000" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">DefaultIcon</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">DefaultIcon</code> directive allows you to specify an icon to be displayed for a file in server-generated directory listings when no other icon is associated with it. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">DefaultIcon <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing icon file, and must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/icons/unknown.png</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-defaulticon"><h6>Example 10.29. Using the DefaultIcon directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.png</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475512320" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-defaulticon"><h6>Example 10.29. Using the DefaultIcon directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.png</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225463889616" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">DefaultType</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">DefaultType</code> directive allows you to specify a media type to be used in case the proper MIME type cannot be determined by the server. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">DefaultType <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> has to be a valid MIME type such as <code class="literal">text/html</code>, <code class="literal">image/png</code>, <code class="literal">application/pdf</code>, etc.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-defaulttype"><h6>Example 10.30. Using the DefaultType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DefaultType text/plain</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475524064" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-defaulttype"><h6>Example 10.30. Using the DefaultType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DefaultType text/plain</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225435260736" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Deny</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Deny</code> directive allows you to specify which clients are denied access to a given directory. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Deny from <em class="replaceable"><code>client</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>client</code></em> can be a domain name, an IP address (both full and partial), a <em class="replaceable"><code>network</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>netmask</code></em> pair, or <code class="literal">all</code> for all clients.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-deny"><h6>Example 10.31. Using the Deny directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Deny from 192.168.1.1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475536032" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-deny"><h6>Example 10.31. Using the Deny directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Deny from 192.168.1.1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225444278496" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">DirectoryIndex</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">DirectoryIndex</code> directive allows you to specify a document to be served to a client when a directory is requested (that is, when the URL ends with the <code class="literal">/</code> character). It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">DirectoryIndex <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> is a name of the file to look for in the requested directory. By default, the server looks for <code class="filename">index.html</code>, and <code class="filename">index.html.var</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-directoryindex"><h6>Example 10.32. Using the DirectoryIndex directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475567456" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-directoryindex"><h6>Example 10.32. Using the DirectoryIndex directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225444259408" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive allows you to specify the main directory from which the content is served. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">DocumentRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="idm263475550512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">DocumentRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="idm225444262096" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> must be a full path to an existing directory in the local file system. The default option is <code class="filename">/var/www/html/</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-documentroot"><h6>Example 10.33. Using the DocumentRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DocumentRoot /var/www/html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475558848" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-documentroot"><h6>Example 10.33. Using the DocumentRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DocumentRoot /var/www/html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225444270896" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ErrorDocument</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ErrorDocument</code> directive allows you to specify a document or a message to be displayed as a response to a particular error. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ErrorDocument <em class="replaceable"><code>error-code</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>error-code</code></em> has to be a valid code such as <code class="literal">403</code> (Forbidden), <code class="literal">404</code> (Not Found), or <code class="literal">500</code> (Internal Server Error). The <em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em> can be either a URL (both local and external), or a message string enclosed in double quotes (that is, <code class="literal">"</code>).
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-errordocument"><h6>Example 10.34. Using the ErrorDocument directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ErrorDocument 403 "Access Denied"
-ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475571824" class="indexterm"></a>
+ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225468373008" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ErrorLog</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ErrorLog</code> directive allows you to specify a file to which the server errors are logged. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">ErrorLog <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="idm263475576816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">ErrorLog <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="idm225431879552" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to a log file, and can be either absolute, or relative to the directory that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code> by default). The default option is <code class="filename">logs/error_log</code>
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-errorlog"><h6>Example 10.35. Using the ErrorLog directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ErrorLog logs/error_log</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475589024" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-errorlog"><h6>Example 10.35. Using the ErrorLog directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ErrorLog logs/error_log</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225431886992" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ExtendedStatus</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ExtendedStatus</code> directive allows you to enable detailed server status information. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ExtendedStatus <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -499,19 +499,19 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">Off</code>
</td><td class="">
Disables generating the detailed server status.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-extendedstatus"><h6>Example 10.36. Using the ExtendedStatus directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ExtendedStatus On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475605056" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-extendedstatus"><h6>Example 10.36. Using the ExtendedStatus directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ExtendedStatus On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225430461936" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Group</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Group</code> directive allows you to specify the group under which the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service will run. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Group <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em> has to be an existing UNIX group. The default option is <code class="option">apache</code>.
</div><div class="para">
Note that <code class="option">Group</code> is no longer supported inside <code class="option"><VirtualHost></code>, and has been replaced by the <code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> directive.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-group"><h6>Example 10.37. Using the Group directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Group apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475616640" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-group"><h6>Example 10.37. Using the Group directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Group apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225428309856" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">HeaderName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">HeaderName</code> directive allows you to specify a file to be prepended to the beginning of the server-generated directory listing. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">HeaderName <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> is a name of the file to look for in the requested directory. By default, the server looks for <code class="filename">HEADER.html</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-headername"><h6>Example 10.38. Using the HeaderName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">HeaderName HEADER.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475626080" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-headername"><h6>Example 10.38. Using the HeaderName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">HeaderName HEADER.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225428319216" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">HostnameLookups</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">HostnameLookups</code> directive allows you to enable automatic resolving of IP addresses. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">HostnameLookups <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -534,17 +534,17 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Disables resolving the IP address for each connection.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Note that when the presence of hostnames is required in server log files, it is often possible to use one of the many log analyzer tools that perform the DNS lookups more efficiently.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-hostnamelookups"><h6>Example 10.39. Using the HostnameLookups directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">HostnameLookups Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475653648" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-hostnamelookups"><h6>Example 10.39. Using the HostnameLookups directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">HostnameLookups Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225463918752" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Include</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Include</code> directive allows you to include other configuration files. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">Include <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></pre><a id="idm263475655440" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">Include <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></pre><a id="idm225459996640" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="option">filename</code> can be an absolute path, a path relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive, or a wildcard expression. All configuration files from the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/</code> directory are loaded by default.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-include"><h6>Example 10.40. Using the Include directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Include conf.d/*.conf</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475662480" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-include"><h6>Example 10.40. Using the Include directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Include conf.d/*.conf</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225460002512" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">IndexIgnore</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">IndexIgnore</code> directive allows you to specify a list of file names to be omitted from the server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">IndexIgnore <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> option can be either a full file name, or a wildcard expression.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-indexignore"><h6>Example 10.41. Using the IndexIgnore directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475670912" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-indexignore"><h6>Example 10.41. Using the IndexIgnore directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225465477808" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">IndexOptions</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">IndexOptions</code> directive allows you to customize the behavior of server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">IndexOptions <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">XHTML</code>
</td><td class="">
Enables the use of XHTML 1.0 instead of the default HTML 3.2.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-indexoptions"><h6>Example 10.42. Using the IndexOptions directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IndexOptions FancyIndexing VersionSort NameWidth=* HTMLTable Charset=UTF-8</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475751152" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-indexoptions"><h6>Example 10.42. Using the IndexOptions directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IndexOptions FancyIndexing VersionSort NameWidth=* HTMLTable Charset=UTF-8</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225471324016" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">KeepAlive</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">KeepAlive</code> directive allows you to enable persistent connections. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">KeepAlive <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -668,33 +668,33 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Disables the keep-alive connections.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Note that when the persistent connections are enabled, on a busy server, the number of child processes can increase rapidly and eventually reach the maximum limit, slowing down the server significantly. To reduce the risk, it is recommended that you set <code class="option">KeepAliveTimeout</code> to a low number, and monitor the <code class="filename">/var/log/httpd/logs/error_log</code> log file carefully.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-keepalive"><h6>Example 10.43. Using the KeepAlive directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">KeepAlive Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475772736" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-keepalive"><h6>Example 10.43. Using the KeepAlive directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">KeepAlive Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225460234976" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">KeepAliveTimeout</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">KeepAliveTimeout</code> directive allows you to specify the amount of time to wait for another request before closing the connection. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">KeepAliveTimeout <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em> is specified in seconds. The default option is <code class="literal">15</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-keepalivetimeout"><h6>Example 10.44. Using the KeepAliveTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">KeepAliveTimeout 15</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475781920" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-keepalivetimeout"><h6>Example 10.44. Using the KeepAliveTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">KeepAliveTimeout 15</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225434317136" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">LanguagePriority</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">LanguagePriority</code> directive allows you to customize the precedence of languages. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">LanguagePriority <em class="replaceable"><code>language</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>language</code></em> has to be a valid MIME language such as <code class="literal">cs</code>, <code class="literal">en</code>, or <code class="literal">fr</code>.
</div><div class="para">
This directive is especially useful for web servers that serve content in multiple languages based on the client's language settings.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-languagepriority"><h6>Example 10.45. Using the LanguagePriority directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LanguagePriority sk cs en</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475794000" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-languagepriority"><h6>Example 10.45. Using the LanguagePriority directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LanguagePriority sk cs en</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225434327296" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Listen</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>Listen</code></em> directive allows you to specify IP addresses or ports to listen to. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Listen [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>ip-address</code></em>:</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em></span>]</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>ip-address</code></em> is optional and unless supplied, the server will accept incoming requests on a given <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em> from all IP addresses. Since the <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> is determined automatically from the port number, it can be usually omitted. The default option is to listen to port <code class="literal">80</code>.
</div><div class="para">
Note that if the server is configured to listen to a port under 1024, only superuser will be able to start the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-listen"><h6>Example 10.46. Using the Listen directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Listen 80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475807296" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-listen"><h6>Example 10.46. Using the Listen directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Listen 80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225451960096" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">LoadModule</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">LoadModule</code> directive allows you to load a <em class="firstterm">Dynamic Shared Object</em> (<acronym class="acronym">DSO</acronym>) module. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="idm263475813616" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263475816112" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="idm225451966336" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225451967792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> has to be a valid identifier of the required module. The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing module file, and must be relative to the directory in which the libraries are placed (that is, <code class="filename">/usr/lib/httpd/</code> on 32-bit and <code class="filename">/usr/lib64/httpd/</code> on 64-bit systems by default).
</div><div class="para">
See <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">Section 10.1.5, “Working with Modules”</a> for more information on the Apache HTTP Server's DSO support.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-loadmodule"><h6>Example 10.47. Using the LoadModule directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475825040" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-loadmodule"><h6>Example 10.47. Using the LoadModule directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225447528976" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">LogFormat</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>LogFormat</code></em> directive allows you to specify a log file format. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">LogFormat <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">%{<em class="replaceable"><code>field</code></em>}</code>
</td><td class="">
Represents the content of the HTTP header <em class="replaceable"><code>field</code></em>. The common options include <code class="option">%{Referer}</code> (the URL of the web page that referred the client to the server) and <code class="option">%{User-Agent}</code> (the type of the web browser making the request).
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-logformat"><h6>Example 10.48. Using the LogFormat directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475861776" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-logformat"><h6>Example 10.48. Using the LogFormat directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225477356736" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">LogLevel</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">LogLevel</code> directive allows you to customize the verbosity level of the error log. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">LogLevel <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -776,12 +776,12 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">debug</code>
</td><td class="">
Various debugging messages are logged.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-loglevel"><h6>Example 10.49. Using the LogLevel directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LogLevel warn</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475894336" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-loglevel"><h6>Example 10.49. Using the LogLevel directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LogLevel warn</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225444781856" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxKeepAliveRequests</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxKeepAliveRequests</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of requests for a persistent connection. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxKeepAliveRequests <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
A high <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> can improve the performance of the server. Note that using <code class="literal">0</code> allows unlimited number of requests. The default option is <code class="option">100</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-maxkeepaliverequests"><h6>Example 10.50. Using the MaxKeepAliveRequests option</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxKeepAliveRequests 100</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475908016" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-maxkeepaliverequests"><h6>Example 10.50. Using the MaxKeepAliveRequests option</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxKeepAliveRequests 100</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225438876752" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">NameVirtualHost</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">NameVirtualHost</code> directive allows you to specify the IP address and port number for a name-based virtual host. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">NameVirtualHost <em class="replaceable"><code>ip-address</code></em>[<span class="optional">:<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span>]</pre><div class="para">
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Name-based virtual hosting allows one Apache HTTP Server to serve different domains without using multiple IP addresses.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using secure HTTP connections</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Name-based virtual hosts <span class="emphasis"><em>only</em></span> work with non-secure HTTP connections. If using virtual hosts with a secure server, use IP address-based virtual hosts instead.
- </div></div></div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-namevirtualhost"><h6>Example 10.51. Using the NameVirtualHost directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">NameVirtualHost *:80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475919584" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></div></div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-namevirtualhost"><h6>Example 10.51. Using the NameVirtualHost directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">NameVirtualHost *:80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225500267632" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Options</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Options</code> directive allows you to specify which server features are available in a particular directory. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Options <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">None</code>
</td><td class="">
Disables all of the features above.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-options"><h6>Example 10.52. Using the Options directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Options Indexes FollowSymLinks</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475954544" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-options"><h6>Example 10.52. Using the Options directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Options Indexes FollowSymLinks</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225455775408" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Order</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Order</code> directive allows you to specify the order in which the <code class="option">Allow</code> and <code class="option">Deny</code> directives are evaluated. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Order <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -852,12 +852,12 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">deny,allow</code>
</td><td class="">
<code class="option">Deny</code> directives are evaluated first.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-order"><h6>Example 10.53. Using the Order directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Order allow,deny</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475978256" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-order"><h6>Example 10.53. Using the Order directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Order allow,deny</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225472091568" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">PidFile</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">PidFile</code> directive allows you to specify a file to which the <em class="firstterm">process ID</em> (<acronym class="acronym">PID</acronym>) of the server is stored. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">PidFile <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="idm263475984528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">PidFile <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="idm225454954656" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to a pid file, and can be either absolute, or relative to the directory that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code> by default). The default option is <code class="filename">run/httpd.pid</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-pidfile"><h6>Example 10.54. Using the PidFile directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">PidFile run/httpd.pid</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263475992000" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-pidfile"><h6>Example 10.54. Using the PidFile directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">PidFile run/httpd.pid</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225454962048" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ProxyRequests</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ProxyRequests</code> directive allows you to enable forward proxy requests. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ProxyRequests <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -874,12 +874,12 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">Off</code>
</td><td class="">
Disables forward proxy requests.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-proxyrequests"><h6>Example 10.55. Using the ProxyRequests directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ProxyRequests On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476022608" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-proxyrequests"><h6>Example 10.55. Using the ProxyRequests directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ProxyRequests On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225444127344" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ReadmeName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ReadmeName</code> directive allows you to specify a file to be appended to the end of the server-generated directory listing. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ReadmeName <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> is a name of the file to look for in the requested directory. By default, the server looks for <code class="filename">README.html</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-readmename"><h6>Example 10.56. Using the ReadmeName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ReadmeName README.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476021648" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-readmename"><h6>Example 10.56. Using the ReadmeName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ReadmeName README.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225470491872" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Redirect</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Redirect</code> directive allows you to redirect a client to another URL. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Redirect [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>status</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>url</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -904,14 +904,14 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">gone</code>
</td><td class="">
Indicates that the requested resource has been removed permanently. The <code class="literal">410</code> (Gone) status is returned to a client.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><a id="idm263476048512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><a id="idm225431970512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Note that for more advanced redirection techniques, you can use the <code class="systemitem">mod_rewrite</code> module that is part of the Apache HTTP Server installation.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-redirect"><h6>Example 10.57. Using the Redirect directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Redirect permanent /docs http://docs.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476055392" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-redirect"><h6>Example 10.57. Using the Redirect directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Redirect permanent /docs http://docs.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225431975776" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ScriptAlias</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ScriptAlias</code> directive allows you to specify the location of CGI scripts. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ScriptAlias <em class="replaceable"><code>url-path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>real-path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>url-path</code></em> must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/cgi-bin/</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>real-path</code></em> is a full path to a file or directory in the local file system.
- </div><a id="idm263476062720" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225473631936" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directive is typically followed by the <code class="option">Directory</code> tag with additional permissions to access the target directory. By default, the <code class="literal">/cgi-bin/</code> alias is created so that the scripts located in the <code class="filename">/var/www/cgi-bin/</code> are accessible.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ScriptAlias</code> directive is used for security reasons to prevent CGI scripts from being viewed as ordinary text documents.
@@ -922,26 +922,26 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Options None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
-</Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476071008" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225473641232" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerAdmin</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerAdmin</code> directive allows you to specify the email address of the server administrator to be displayed in server-generated web pages. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ServerAdmin <em class="replaceable"><code>email</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The default option is <code class="literal">root@localhost</code>.
</div><div class="para">
This directive is commonly set to <code class="literal">webmaster@<em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em></code>, where <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em> is the address of the server. Once set, alias <code class="literal">webmaster</code> to the person responsible for the web server in <code class="filename">/etc/aliases</code>, and as superuser, run the <code class="command">newaliases</code> command.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-serveradmin"><h6>Example 10.59. Using the ServerAdmin directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerAdmin webmaster(a)penguin.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476082416" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-serveradmin"><h6>Example 10.59. Using the ServerAdmin directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerAdmin webmaster(a)penguin.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225459491744" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerName</code> directive allows you to specify the hostname and the port number of a web server. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ServerName <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em>[<span class="optional">:<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span>]</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em> has to be a <em class="firstterm">fully qualified domain name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">FQDN</acronym>) of the server. The <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em> is optional, but when supplied, it has to match the number specified by the <code class="option">Listen</code> directive.
</div><div class="para">
When using this directive, make sure that the IP address and server name pair are included in the <code class="filename">/etc/hosts</code> file.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-servername"><h6>Example 10.60. Using the ServerName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerName penguin.example.com:80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476100336" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-servername"><h6>Example 10.60. Using the ServerName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerName penguin.example.com:80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225453338352" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerRoot</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive allows you to specify the directory in which the server operates. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">ServerRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="idm263476101904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">ServerRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="idm225438021536" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> must be a full path to an existing directory in the local file system. The default option is <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpd-serverroot"><h6>Example 10.61. Using the ServerRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerRoot /etc/httpd</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476108688" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpd-serverroot"><h6>Example 10.61. Using the ServerRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerRoot /etc/httpd</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225443569328" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerSignature</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerSignature</code> directive allows you to enable displaying information about the server on server-generated documents. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ServerSignature <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">EMail</code>
</td><td class="">
Enables appending the server name, version, and the email address of the system administrator as specified by the <code class="option">ServerAdmin</code> directive to server-generated pages.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-serversignature"><h6>Example 10.62. Using the ServerSignature directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerSignature On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476130640" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-serversignature"><h6>Example 10.62. Using the ServerSignature directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerSignature On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225431024304" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerTokens</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerTokens</code> directive allows you to customize what information are included in the Server response header. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ServerTokens <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -997,26 +997,26 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Includes all the information above along with the list of loaded modules.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Note that for security reasons, it is recommended to reveal as little information about the server as possible.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-servertokens"><h6>Example 10.63. Using the ServerTokens directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerTokens Prod</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476163056" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-servertokens"><h6>Example 10.63. Using the ServerTokens directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerTokens Prod</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225493971312" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> directive allows you to specify the user and group under which the CGI scripts will be run. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">SuexecUserGroup <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> has to be an existing user, and the <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em> must be a valid UNIX group.
</div><div class="para">
For security reasons, the CGI scripts should not be run with <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges. Note that in <code class="option"><VirtualHost></code>, <code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> replaces the <code class="option">User</code> and <code class="option">Group</code> directives.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-suexecusergroup"><h6>Example 10.64. Using the SuexecUserGroup directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">SuexecUserGroup apache apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476175952" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-suexecusergroup"><h6>Example 10.64. Using the SuexecUserGroup directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">SuexecUserGroup apache apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225432266112" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Timeout</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Timeout</code> directive allows you to specify the amount of time to wait for an event before closing a connection. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Timeout <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em> is specified in seconds. The default option is <code class="literal">60</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-timeout"><h6>Example 10.65. Using the Timeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Timeout 60</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476184928" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-timeout"><h6>Example 10.65. Using the Timeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Timeout 60</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225499256960" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">TypesConfig</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">TypesConfig</code> allows you to specify the location of the MIME types configuration file. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">TypesConfig <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="idm263476189936" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">TypesConfig <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="idm225499262400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing MIME types configuration file, and can be either absolute, or relative to the directory that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code> by default). The default option is <code class="option">/etc/mime.types</code>.
</div><div class="para">
Note that instead of editing <code class="filename">/etc/mime.types</code>, the recommended way to add MIME type mapping to the Apache HTTP Server is to use the <code class="option">AddType</code> directive.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-typesconfig"><h6>Example 10.66. Using the TypesConfig directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">TypesConfig /etc/mime.types</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476199024" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-typesconfig"><h6>Example 10.66. Using the TypesConfig directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">TypesConfig /etc/mime.types</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225432260896" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">UseCanonicalName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">UseCanonicalName</code> allows you to specify the way the server refers to itself. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">UseCanonicalName <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -1037,17 +1037,17 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">DNS</code>
</td><td class="">
Disables the use of the name that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerName</code> directive. The hostname determined by a reverse DNS lookup is used instead.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-usecanonicalname"><h6>Example 10.67. Using the UseCanonicalName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">UseCanonicalName Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476224640" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-usecanonicalname"><h6>Example 10.67. Using the UseCanonicalName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">UseCanonicalName Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225472310608" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">User</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">User</code> directive allows you to specify the user under which the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service will run. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">User <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> has to be an existing UNIX user. The default option is <code class="option">apache</code>.
</div><div class="para">
For security reasons, the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service should not be run with <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges. Note that <code class="option">User</code> is no longer supported inside <code class="option"><VirtualHost></code>, and has been replaced by the <code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> directive.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-user"><h6>Example 10.68. Using the User directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">User apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476238240" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-user"><h6>Example 10.68. Using the User directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">User apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225431787232" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">UserDir</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">UserDir</code> directive allows you to enable serving content from users' home directories. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">UserDir <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><a id="idm263476243728" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">UserDir <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><a id="idm225431792400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em> can be either a name of the directory to look for in user's home directory (typically <code class="option">public_html</code>), or a valid keyword as described in <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#table-apache-httpdconf-userdir">Table 10.20, “Available UserDir options”</a>. The default option is <code class="option">disabled</code>.
</div><div class="table" id="table-apache-httpdconf-userdir"><h6>Table 10.20. Available UserDir options</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Available UserDir options" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%" class="option" /><col width="75%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Option
@@ -1068,9 +1068,9 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
All files in this directory must be set accordingly.
</div></div></div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-userdir"><h6>Example 10.69. Using the UserDir directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">UserDir public_html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-sslconf-common"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.4.2. Common ssl.conf Directives</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Secure Sockets Layer</em> (<acronym class="acronym">SSL</acronym>) directives allow you to customize the behavior of the Apache HTTP Secure Server, and in most cases, they are configured appropriately during the installation. Be careful when changing these settings, as incorrect configuration can lead to security vulnerabilities.
- </div><a id="idm263476276016" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225431942672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following directive is commonly used in <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</code>:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476276176" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225431946736" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">SetEnvIf</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">SetEnvIf</code> directive allows you to set environment variables based on the headers of incoming connections. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">SetEnvIf <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> [<span class="optional">!</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>[<span class="optional">=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></span>]…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -1111,57 +1111,57 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Note that for the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</code> file to be present, the <span class="package">mod_ssl</span> needs to be installed. See <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Section 10.1.7, “Setting Up an SSL Server”</a> for more information on how to install and configure an SSL server.
</div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mpm-common"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.4.3. Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Multi-Processing Module</em> (<acronym class="acronym">MPM</acronym>) directives allow you to customize the behavior of a particular MPM specific server-pool. Since its characteristics differ depending on which MPM is used, the directives are embedded in <code class="option">IfModule</code>. By default, the server-pool is defined for both the <code class="systemitem">prefork</code> and <code class="systemitem">worker</code> MPMs.
- </div><a id="idm263476328320" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225473281808" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following MPM directives are commonly used in <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code>:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476321216" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225473287792" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxClients</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxClients</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of simultaneously connected clients to process at one time. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxClients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
A high <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> can improve the performance of the server, although it is not recommended to exceed <code class="literal">256</code> when using the <code class="systemitem">prefork</code> MPM.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxclients"><h6>Example 10.71. Using the MaxClients directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxClients 256</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476330960" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxclients"><h6>Example 10.71. Using the MaxClients directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxClients 256</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225468289680" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxRequestsPerChild</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxRequestsPerChild</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of request a child process can serve before it dies. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxRequestsPerChild <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Setting the <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> to <code class="literal">0</code> allows unlimited number of requests.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxRequestsPerChild</code> directive is used to prevent long-lived processes from causing memory leaks.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxrequestsperchild"><h6>Example 10.72. Using the MaxRequestsPerChild directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxRequestsPerChild 4000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476342544" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxrequestsperchild"><h6>Example 10.72. Using the MaxRequestsPerChild directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxRequestsPerChild 4000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225468217104" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxSpareServers</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxSpareServers</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of spare child processes. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareServers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">prefork</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxspareservers"><h6>Example 10.73. Using the MaxSpareServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareServers 20</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476350160" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxspareservers"><h6>Example 10.73. Using the MaxSpareServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareServers 20</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225501501120" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxSpareThreads</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxSpareThreads</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of spare server threads. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareThreads <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> must be greater than or equal to the sum of <code class="option">MinSpareThreads</code> and <code class="option">ThreadsPerChild</code>. This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">worker</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxsparethreads"><h6>Example 10.74. Using the MaxSpareThreads directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareThreads 75</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476361216" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxsparethreads"><h6>Example 10.74. Using the MaxSpareThreads directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareThreads 75</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225501511968" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MinSpareServers</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MinSpareServers</code> directive allows you to specify the minimum number of spare child processes. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareServers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Note that a high <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> can create a heavy processing load on the server. This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">prefork</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-minspareservers"><h6>Example 10.75. Using the MinSpareServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareServers 5</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476370272" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-minspareservers"><h6>Example 10.75. Using the MinSpareServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareServers 5</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225457965760" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MinSpareThreads</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MinSpareThreads</code> directive allows you to specify the minimum number of spare server threads. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareThreads <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">worker</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-minsparethreads"><h6>Example 10.76. Using the MinSpareThreads directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareThreads 75</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476379760" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-minsparethreads"><h6>Example 10.76. Using the MinSpareThreads directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareThreads 75</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225439613040" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">StartServers</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">StartServers</code> directive allows you to specify the number of child processes to create when the service is started. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">StartServers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Since the child processes are dynamically created and terminated according to the current traffic load, it is usually not necessary to change this value.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-startservers"><h6>Example 10.77. Using the StartServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">StartServers 8</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263476388336" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-startservers"><h6>Example 10.77. Using the StartServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">StartServers 8</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225439620784" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ThreadsPerChild</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ThreadsPerChild</code> directive allows you to specify the number of threads a child process can create. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ThreadsPerChild <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">worker</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-threadsperchild"><h6>Example 10.78. Using the ThreadsPerChild directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ThreadsPerChild 25</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-dso"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.5. Working with Modules</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263476399872" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263476402400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-threadsperchild"><h6>Example 10.78. Using the ThreadsPerChild directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ThreadsPerChild 25</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-dso"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.5. Working with Modules</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225450202176" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462641744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Being a modular application, the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service is distributed along with a number of <em class="firstterm">Dynamic Shared Objects</em> (<acronym class="acronym">DSO</acronym>s), which can be dynamically loaded or unloaded at runtime as necessary. By default, these modules are located in <code class="filename">/usr/lib/httpd/modules/</code> on 32-bit and in <code class="filename">/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/</code> on 64-bit systems.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-dso-loading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.5.1. Loading a Module</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263476409488" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-dso-loading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.5.1. Loading a Module</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225462647040" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To load a particular DSO module, use the <code class="option">LoadModule</code> directive as described in <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Section 10.1.4.1, “Common httpd.conf Directives”</a>. Note that modules provided by a separate package often have their own configuration file in the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/</code> directory.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-dso-loading"><h6>Example 10.79. Loading the mod_ssl DSO</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para">
Once you are finished, restart the web server to reload the configuration. See <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 10.1.3.3, “Restarting the Service”</a> for more information on how to restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-dso-writing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.5.2. Writing a Module</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263476418208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-dso-writing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.5.2. Writing a Module</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225447613712" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you intend to create a new DSO module, make sure you have the <span class="package">httpd-devel</span> package installed. To do so, enter the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install httpd-devel</code></pre><div class="para">
This package contains the include files, the header files, and the <span class="application"><strong>APache eXtenSion</strong></span> (<code class="command">apxs</code>) utility required to compile a module.
@@ -1169,7 +1169,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Once written, you can build the module with the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">apxs -i -a -c <em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em>.c</code></pre><div class="para">
If the build was successful, you should be able to load the module the same way as any other module that is distributed with the Apache HTTP Server.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-virtualhosts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.6. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263476430080" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263476432128" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-virtualhosts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.6. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225447623392" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225464667728" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Apache HTTP Server's built in virtual hosting allows the server to provide different information based on which IP address, host name, or port is being requested.
</div><div class="para">
To create a name-based virtual host, copy the example configuration file <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/httpd-<em class="replaceable"><code>VERSION</code></em>/httpd-vhosts.conf</code> into the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/</code> directory, and replace the <code class="literal">@@Port@@</code> and <code class="literal">@@ServerRoot@@</code> placeholder values. Customize the options according to your requirements as shown in <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#example-apache-virtualhosts-config">Example 10.80, “Example virtual host configuration”</a>.
@@ -1187,13 +1187,13 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
If you configure a virtual host to listen on a non-default port, make sure you update the <code class="option">Listen</code> directive in the global settings section of the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code> file accordingly.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
To activate a newly created virtual host, the web server has to be restarted first. See <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 10.1.3.3, “Restarting the Service”</a> for more information on how to restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-mod_ssl"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.7. Setting Up an SSL Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263476446944" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263476449184" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263476451264" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263476452864" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263476454704" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263476457040" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-mod_ssl"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.7. Setting Up an SSL Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225499782224" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225499784784" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225499786496" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225499788704" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225448930464" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225448932400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Secure Sockets Layer</em> (<acronym class="acronym">SSL</acronym>) is a cryptographic protocol that allows a server and a client to communicate securely. Along with its extended and improved version called <em class="firstterm">Transport Layer Security</em> (<acronym class="acronym">TLS</acronym>), it ensures both privacy and data integrity. The Apache HTTP Server in combination with <code class="systemitem">mod_ssl</code>, a module that uses the OpenSSL toolkit to provide the SSL/TLS support, is commonly referred to as the <em class="firstterm">SSL server</em>.
</div><div class="para">
Unlike a regular HTTP connection that can be read and possibly modified by anybody who is able to intercept it, the use of <code class="systemitem">mod_ssl</code> prevents any inspection or modification of the transmitted content. This section provides basic information on how to enable this module in the Apache HTTP Server configuration, and guides you through the process of generating private keys and self-signed certificates.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.7.1. An Overview of Certificates and Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263476468016" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263476467552" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.7.1. An Overview of Certificates and Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225448940672" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225439775344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Secure communication is based on the use of keys. In conventional or <em class="firstterm">symmetric cryptography</em>, both ends of the transaction have the same key they can use to decode each other's transmissions. On the other hand, in public or <em class="firstterm">asymmetric cryptography</em>, two keys co-exist: a <em class="firstterm">private key</em> that is kept a secret, and a <em class="firstterm">public key</em> that is usually shared with the public. While the data encoded with the public key can only be decoded with the private key, data encoded with the private key can in turn only be decoded with the public key.
- </div><a id="idm263476475328" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263476490176" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225439780560" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225439781776" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To provide secure communications using SSL, an SSL server must use a digital certificate signed by a <em class="firstterm">Certificate Authority</em> (<acronym class="acronym">CA</acronym>). The certificate lists various attributes of the server (that is, the server host name, the name of the company, its location, etc.), and the signature produced using the CA's private key. This signature ensures that a particular certificate authority has signed the certificate, and that the certificate has not been modified in any way.
</div><div class="para">
When a web browser establishes a new SSL connection, it checks the certificate provided by the web server. If the certificate does not have a signature from a trusted CA, or if the host name listed in the certificate does not match the host name used to establish the connection, it refuses to communicate with the server and usually presents a user with an appropriate error message.
@@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
When setting up an SSL server, you need to generate a certificate request and a private key, and then send the certificate request, proof of the company's identity, and payment to a certificate authority. Once the CA verifies the certificate request and your identity, it will send you a signed certificate you can use with your server. Alternatively, you can create a self-signed certificate that does not contain a CA signature, and thus should be used for testing purposes only.
</div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-enabling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.7.2. Enabling the mod_ssl Module</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
If you intend to set up an SSL server, make sure you have the <span class="package">mod_ssl</span> (the <code class="systemitem">mod_ssl</code> module) and <span class="package">openssl</span> (the OpenSSL toolkit) packages installed. To do so, enter the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install mod_ssl openssl</code></pre><a id="idm263476505040" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install mod_ssl openssl</code></pre><a id="idm225434252384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This will create the <code class="systemitem">mod_ssl</code> configuration file at <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</code>, which is included in the main Apache HTTP Server configuration file by default. For the module to be loaded, restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service as described in <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 10.1.3.3, “Restarting the Service”</a>.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Important</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Due to the SSL3.0 protocol vulnerability CVE-2014-3566, described in <a href="https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA14-290A">SSL 3.0 Protocol Vulnerability and POODLE Attack</a>, it is recommended to disable <code class="systemitem">SSL</code> and use only <code class="systemitem">TLSv1.1</code> or <code class="systemitem">TLSv1.2</code>. Backwards compatibility can be achieved using <code class="systemitem">TLSv1.0</code>. Many products have the ability to use <code class="systemitem">SSLv2</code> or <code class="systemitem">SSLv3</code> protocols, or enable them by default. However, the use of <code class="systemitem">SSLv2</code> or <code class="systemitem">SSLv3</code> is now strongly recommended against.
@@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ SSLProtocol All -SSLv2 -SSLv3</pre>
Restart the Apache daemon as follows:
<pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">service httpd restart</code></pre>
Note that any sessions will be interrupted.
- </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.7.4. Using an Existing Key and Certificate</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263476540768" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263476543104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.7.4. Using an Existing Key and Certificate</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225452605392" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452607136" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you have a previously created key and certificate, you can configure the SSL server to use these files instead of generating new ones. There are only two situations where this is not possible:
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>You are changing the IP address or domain name.</em></span>
@@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ SSLProtocol All -SSLv2 -SSLv3</pre>
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em>.key</pre><div class="para">
To load the updated configuration, restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service as described in <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 10.1.3.3, “Restarting the Service”</a>.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mod_ssl-keypair"><h6>Example 10.81. Using a key and certificate from the Red Hat Secure Web Server</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">mv /etc/httpd/conf/httpsd.key /etc/pki/tls/private/penguin.example.com.key</code>
-~]# <code class="command">mv /etc/httpd/conf/httpsd.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/penguin.example.com.crt</code></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.7.5. Generating a New Key and Certificate</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263476565600" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263476568336" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+~]# <code class="command">mv /etc/httpd/conf/httpsd.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/penguin.example.com.crt</code></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">10.1.7.5. Generating a New Key and Certificate</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225459668576" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225463298608" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In order to generate a new key and certificate pair, the <span class="package">crypto-utils</span> package must be installed on the system. To install it, enter the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install crypto-utils</code></pre><div class="para">
This package provides a set of tools to generate and manage SSL certificates and private keys, and includes <span class="application"><strong>genkey</strong></span>, the Red Hat Keypair Generation utility that will guide you through the key generation process.
@@ -1339,18 +1339,18 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
Finally, restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service as described in <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 10.1.3.3, “Restarting the Service”</a>, so that the updated configuration is loaded.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">10.1.8. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To learn more about the Apache HTTP Server, see the following resources.
- </div><h4 id="bh-The_Apache_HTTP_Server-Installed_Documentation">Installed Documentation</h4><a id="idm263495392288" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="bh-The_Apache_HTTP_Server-Installed_Documentation">Installed Documentation</h4><a id="idm225454119168" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">httpd(8)</code> — The manual page for the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service containing the complete list of its command-line options.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">genkey(1)</code> — The manual page for <code class="command">genkey</code> utility, provided by the <span class="package">crypto-utils</span> package.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">apachectl(8)</code> — The manual page for the Apache HTTP Server Control Interface.
- </div></li></ul></div><h4 id="bh-The_Apache_HTTP_Server-Installable_Documentation">Installable Documentation</h4><a id="idm263483418176" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><h4 id="bh-The_Apache_HTTP_Server-Installable_Documentation">Installable Documentation</h4><a id="idm225498450368" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://localhost/manual/">http://localhost/manual/</a> — The official documentation for the Apache HTTP Server with the full description of its directives and available modules. Note that in order to access this documentation, you must have the <span class="package">httpd-manual</span> package installed, and the web server must be running.
</div><div class="para">
Before accessing the documentation, issue the following commands as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install httpd-manual</code>
-~]# <code class="command">apachectl graceful</code></pre></li></ul></div><h4 id="bh-The_Apache_HTTP_Server-Online_Documentation">Online Documentation</h4><a id="idm263476535664" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+~]# <code class="command">apachectl graceful</code></pre></li></ul></div><h4 id="bh-The_Apache_HTTP_Server-Online_Documentation">Online Documentation</h4><a id="idm225471735744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">http://httpd.apache.org/</a> — The official website for the Apache HTTP Server with documentation on all the directives and default modules.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
ulink url="http://www.modssl.org/" /> — The official website for the <span class="application"><strong>mod_ssl</strong></span> module.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html
index 8e0e869..9025b69 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html" title="Part VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html" title="22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html" title="23.2. Displaying Information About a Module" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Co
mmon_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 23. Working with Kernel Modules</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">23.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></d
t><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">23.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">23.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html">23.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">23.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot.html">23.7. Signing Kernel Modules for Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot.html#sect-prerequisites">23.7.1. Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-kernel-module-authentication.html">23.7.2. Kernel Module Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-generating-a-public-private-x509-key-pair.html">23.7.3. Generating a Public and Privat
e X.509 Key Pair</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-enrolling-public-key-on-target-system.html">23.7.4. Enrolling Public Key on Target System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-signing-kernel-module-with-the-private-key.html">23.7.5. Signing Kernel Module with the Private Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-loading-signed-kernel-module.html">23.7.6. Loading Signed Kernel Module</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html">23.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm263483863328" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497109200" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263491601392" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html" title="Part VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html" title="22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html" title="23.2. Displaying Information About a Module" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_C
ontent/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 23. Working with Kernel Modules</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">23.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt>
<span class="section"><a href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">23.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">23.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html">23.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">23.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot.html">23.7. Signing Kernel Modules for Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot.html#sect-prerequisites">23.7.1. Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-kernel-module-authentication.html">23.7.2. Kernel Module Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-generating-a-public-private-x509-key-pair.html">23.7.3. Generating a Public and Private X.50
9 Key Pair</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-enrolling-public-key-on-target-system.html">23.7.4. Enrolling Public Key on Target System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-signing-kernel-module-with-the-private-key.html">23.7.5. Signing Kernel Module with the Private Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-loading-signed-kernel-module.html">23.7.6. Loading Signed Kernel Module</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html">23.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm225459306496" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225437951056" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225451646304" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Linux kernel is modular, which means it can extend its capabilities through the use of dynamically-loaded <em class="firstterm">kernel modules</em>. A kernel module can provide:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
a device driver which adds support for new hardware; or,
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install kmod</code>
</pre><div class="para">
For more information on installing packages with DNF, see <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing.html">Section 6.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263487739376" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487737488" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482591664" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225446814096" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225446812208" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225446810128" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can list all kernel modules that are currently loaded into the kernel by running the <code class="command">lsmod</code> command, for example:
</div><pre class="screen">
~]$ <code class="command">lsmod</code>
@@ -72,6 +72,6 @@ nf_nat 21798 4 nf_nat_ipv4,nf_nat_ipv6,ip6table_nat,iptable_nat
the amount of memory it uses; and,
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
the sum total of processes that are using the module and other modules which depend on it, followed by a list of the names of those modules, if there are any. Using this list, you can first unload all the modules depending the module you want to unload. For more information, see <a class="xref" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Section 23.4, “Unloading a Module”</a>.
- </div></li></ul></div><a id="idm263490190720" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><a id="idm225470328496" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Finally, note that <code class="command">lsmod</code> output is less verbose and considerably easier to read than the content of the <code class="filename">/proc/modules</code> pseudo-file.
</div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html"><strong>Prev</strong>22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html"><strong>Next</strong>23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html
index 02d1540..6912ee2 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html" title="Part VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html" title="Part VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.or
g"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html#sec-Introduction_to_GRUB_2">21.1. Introduction to GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html">21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 B
oot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html">21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html">21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html">21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html#sec-Changing_the_Default_Boot_Entry">21.5.1. Changing the Default Boot Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html">21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Adding_a_new_Entry.html">21.5.3. Adding a new Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu.h
tml">21.5.4. Creating a Custom Menu</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html">21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html#sec-Setting_Up_Users_and_Password_Protection_Specifying_Menu_Entries">21.6.1. Setting Up Users and Password Protection, Specifying Menu Entries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Password_Encryption.html">21.6.2. Password Encryption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html">21.7. Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_BIOS-Based_Machines">21.7.1. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on BIOS-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-grub2-reinstall_on_UEFI-Based_Machines.html">21.7.2. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on UEFI-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span clas
s="section"><a href="sec-Resetting_and_Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html">21.7.3. Resetting and Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console.html">21.8. GRUB 2 over a Serial Console</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console.html#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Menu">21.8.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_screen_to_Connect_to_the_Serial_Console.html">21.8.2. Using screen to Connect to the Serial Console</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html">21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html#sec-Booting_to_Rescue_Mode">21.9.1. Booting to Rescue Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode.html">21.9.2. Booting to Emergency Mode
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password.html">21.9.3. Changing and Resetting the Root Password</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot.html">21.10. UEFI Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot.html#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot_Support_in_Fedora">21.10.1. UEFI Secure Boot Support in Fedora</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader-Additional_Resources.html">21.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm263482039712" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482262464" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263484005136" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263486394400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html" title="Part VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html" title="Part VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><im
g src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html#sec-Introduction_to_GRUB_2">21.1. Introduction to GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html">21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Lo
ader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html">21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html">21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html">21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html#sec-Changing_the_Default_Boot_Entry">21.5.1. Changing the Default Boot Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html">21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Adding_a_new_Entry.html">21.5.3. Adding a new Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu.html">2
1.5.4. Creating a Custom Menu</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html">21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html#sec-Setting_Up_Users_and_Password_Protection_Specifying_Menu_Entries">21.6.1. Setting Up Users and Password Protection, Specifying Menu Entries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Password_Encryption.html">21.6.2. Password Encryption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html">21.7. Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_BIOS-Based_Machines">21.7.1. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on BIOS-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-grub2-reinstall_on_UEFI-Based_Machines.html">21.7.2. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on UEFI-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sec
tion"><a href="sec-Resetting_and_Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html">21.7.3. Resetting and Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console.html">21.8. GRUB 2 over a Serial Console</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console.html#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Menu">21.8.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_screen_to_Connect_to_the_Serial_Console.html">21.8.2. Using screen to Connect to the Serial Console</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html">21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html#sec-Booting_to_Rescue_Mode">21.9.1. Booting to Rescue Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode.html">21.9.2. Booting to Emergency Mode</a></
span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password.html">21.9.3. Changing and Resetting the Root Password</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot.html">21.10. UEFI Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot.html#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot_Support_in_Fedora">21.10.1. UEFI Secure Boot Support in Fedora</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader-Additional_Resources.html">21.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="idm225473884816" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470199696" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470939776" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470379424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora 24 is distributed with the GNU GRand Unified Boot loader (GRUB) version 2 boot loader, which allows the user to select an operating system or kernel to be loaded at system boot time. GRUB 2 also allows the user to pass arguments to the kernel.
</div><div class="section" id="sec-Introduction_to_GRUB_2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">21.1. Introduction to GRUB 2</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
GRUB 2 reads its configuration from the <code class="filename">/boot/grub2/grub.cfg</code> file on traditional BIOS-based machines and from the <code class="filename">/boot/efi/EFI/fedora/grub.cfg</code> file on UEFI machines. This file contains menu information.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch01s03s03.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch01s03s03.html
index 9987ce5..bf85904 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch01s03s03.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/ch01s03s03.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="gui-from_menu.html" title="1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu" /><link rel="prev" href="gui-from_menu-kde.html" title="1.3.2. Using KDE menus" /><link rel="next" href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html" title="Chapter 2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product S
ite" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="gui-from_menu-kde.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="idm263494763200"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="idm263494763200">1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="gui-from_menu.html" title="1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu" /><link rel="prev" href="gui-from_menu-kde.html" title="1.3.2. Using KDE menus" /><link rel="next" href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html" title="Chapter 2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /
></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="gui-from_menu-kde.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="idm225475439232"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="idm225475439232">1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE have a varied appearance but a very similar structure. They categorize applications, and the contents of a category are displayed by hovering the cursor over the entry. Applications are launched by clicking on an entry.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-menu_lxde"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/menu_LXDE.png" alt="The LXDE menu" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
LXDE Menu
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/chap-Gaining_Privileges.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/chap-Gaining_Privileges.html
index 80577ae..7950f76 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/chap-Gaining_Privileges.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/chap-Gaining_Privileges.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html" title="4.4. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_sudo_Command.html" title="5.2. The sudo Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a
class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_sudo_Command.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="chap-Gaining_Privileges" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 5. Gaining Privileges</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Gaining_Privileges.html#sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_su_Command">5.1. The su Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_sudo_Command.html">5.2. The sudo Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-Additional_Resources.html">5.3. Additional Resources</a></span></d
t></dl></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html" title="4.4. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_sudo_Command.html" title="5.2. The sudo Command" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class=
"right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_sudo_Command.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="chap-Gaining_Privileges" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 5. Gaining Privileges</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Gaining_Privileges.html#sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_su_Command">5.1. The su Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_sudo_Command.html">5.2. The sudo Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-Additional_Resources.html">5.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl
></div><div class="para">
System administrators, and in some cases users, need to perform certain tasks with administrative access. Accessing the system as the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user is potentially dangerous and can lead to widespread damage to the system and data. This chapter covers ways to gain administrative privileges using setuid programs such as <code class="command">su</code> and <code class="command">sudo</code>. These programs allow specific users to perform tasks which would normally be available only to the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user while maintaining a higher level of control and system security.
</div><div class="para">
See the <a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/ht…">Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Security Guide</a> for more information on administrative controls, potential dangers, and ways to prevent data loss resulting from improper use of privileged access.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/gui-alt_f2.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/gui-alt_f2.html
index f780e7e..262c04e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/gui-alt_f2.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/gui-alt_f2.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html" title="Chapter 1. Opening Graphical Applications" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html" title="Chapter 1. Opening Graphical Applications" /><link rel="next" href="gui-from_menu.html" title="1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Produc
t Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="gui-from_menu.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="gui-alt_f2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">1.2. Launching Applications with <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F2</strong></span> </h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html" title="Chapter 1. Opening Graphical Applications" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html" title="Chapter 1. Opening Graphical Applications" /><link rel="next" href="gui-from_menu.html" title="1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site
" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="gui-from_menu.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="gui-alt_f2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">1.2. Launching Applications with <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F2</strong></span> </h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
Most desktop environments follow the convention of using the key combination <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F2</strong></span> for opening new applications. Pressing <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F2</strong></span> brings up a prompt for a command to be entered into.
</div><div class="para">
Commands entered into this dialog box function much as they would if entered in a terminal. Applications are known by their file name, and can accept arguments.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/gui-from_menu-kde.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/gui-from_menu-kde.html
index 621b58e..0283212 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/gui-from_menu-kde.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/gui-from_menu-kde.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="gui-from_menu.html" title="1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu" /><link rel="prev" href="gui-from_menu.html" title="1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu" /><link rel="next" href="ch01s03s03.html" title="1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="
right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="gui-from_menu.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch01s03s03.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="gui-from_menu-kde"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">1.3.2. Using KDE menus </h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="gui-from_menu.html" title="1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu" /><link rel="prev" href="gui-from_menu.html" title="1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu" /><link rel="next" href="ch01s03s03.html" title="1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="gui-from_menu.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch01s03s03.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="gui-from_menu-kde"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">1.3.2. Using KDE menus </h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The KDE menu is opened by clicking the Fedora button at the bottom left corner of the screen. The menu initially displays favorite applications, which can be added to by right clicking any menu entry. Hovering over the icons in the lower portion of the menu will display applications, file systems, recently used applications, or options for logging out of the system.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-menu_kde"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/menu_KDE.png" alt="The KDE desktop menu." /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
The KDE menu displays applications in categories. The contents of the categories are displayed when clicked.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/gui-from_menu.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/gui-from_menu.html
index cb2fa10..9257470 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/gui-from_menu.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/gui-from_menu.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html" title="Chapter 1. Opening Graphical Applications" /><link rel="prev" href="gui-alt_f2.html" title="1.2. Launching Applications with Alt+F2" /><link rel="next" href="gui-from_menu-kde.html" title="1.3.2. Using KDE menus" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http
://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="gui-alt_f2.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="gui-from_menu-kde.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="gui-from_menu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html" title="Chapter 1. Opening Graphical Applications" /><link rel="prev" href="gui-alt_f2.html" title="1.2. Launching Applications with Alt+F2" /><link rel="next" href="gui-from_menu-kde.html" title="1.3.2. Using KDE menus" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://doc
s.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="gui-alt_f2.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="gui-from_menu-kde.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="gui-from_menu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
Applications can also be opened from the menu system provided by the desktop environment in use. While the presentation may vary between desktop environments, the menu entries and their categories are provided by the individual application and standardized by the <a href="http://standards.freedesktop.org/menu-spec/menu-spec-latest.html">freedesktop.org Desktop Menu Specification</a>. Some desktop environments also provide search functionality in their menu system to allow quick and easy access to applications.
</div><div class="section" id="gui-from_menu-gnome"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">1.3.1. Using GNOME menus</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The GNOME menu, called the <span class="guilabel"><strong>overview</strong></span>, can be accessed by either clicking the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Activities</strong></span> button in the top left of the primary display, by moving the mouse past the top left <code class="methodname">hot corner</code>, or by pressing the <span class="keycap"><strong>Super</strong></span> ( <span class="keycap"><strong>Windows</strong></span> ) key. The <span class="guilabel"><strong>overview</strong></span> presents documents in addition to applications.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/index.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/index.html
index 613fca6..9275ba8 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/index.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/index.html
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="next" href="pr01.html" title="Preface" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01.html"><strong>Next</strong></a
></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="book" id="idm263515752736" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div class="producttitle" font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><span class="productname">Fedora</span> <span class="productnumber">24</span></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h1 id="idm263515752736" class="title">System Administrator's Guide</h1></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h2 class="subtitle">Deployment, Configuration, and Administration of Fedora 24</h2></div><p class="edition">Edition 1.0</p><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h3 class="corpauthor">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="next" href="pr01.html" title="Preface" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li>
</ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="book" id="idm225473842032" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div class="producttitle" font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><span class="productname">Fedora</span> <span class="productnumber">24</span></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h1 id="idm225473842032" class="title">System Administrator's Guide</h1></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h2 class="subtitle">Deployment, Configuration, and Administration of Fedora 24</h2></div><p class="edition">Edition 1.0</p><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h3 class="corpauthor">
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><object data="Common_Content/images/title_logo.svg" type="image/svg+xml"> </object></span>
- </h3></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div xml:lang="en-US" class="authorgroup" lang="en-US"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stephen</span> <span class="surname">Wadeley</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:swadeley@redhat.com">swadeley(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jaromír</span> <span class="surname">Hradílek</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:jhradilek@redhat.com">jhradilek(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Petr</span> <span class="surname">Bokoč</span></h3><d
iv class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:pbokoc@redhat.com">pbokoc(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Petr</span> <span class="surname">Kovář</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:pkovar@redhat.com">pkovar(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Tomáš</span> <span class="surname">Čapek</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:tcapek@redhat.com">tcapek(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Douglas</span> <span
class="surname">Silas</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:silas@redhat.com">silas(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Martin</span> <span class="surname">Prpič</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Eliška</span> <span class="surname">Slobodová</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Miroslav</span> <span class="surname">Svoboda</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div>
</div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="surname">Ha</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">David</span> <span class="surname">O'Brien</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Michael</span> <span class="surname">Hideo</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Don</span> <span class="surname">Domingo</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div></div></div><hr
/><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div id="idm263497050496" class="legalnotice"><h1 class="legalnotice">Legal Notice</h1><div class="para">
+ </h3></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div xml:lang="en-US" class="authorgroup" lang="en-US"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stephen</span> <span class="surname">Wadeley</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:swadeley@redhat.com">swadeley(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jaromír</span> <span class="surname">Hradílek</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:jhradilek@redhat.com">jhradilek(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Petr</span> <span class="surname">Bokoč</span></h3><d
iv class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:pbokoc@redhat.com">pbokoc(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Petr</span> <span class="surname">Kovář</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:pkovar@redhat.com">pkovar(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Tomáš</span> <span class="surname">Čapek</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:tcapek@redhat.com">tcapek(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Douglas</span> <span
class="surname">Silas</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:silas@redhat.com">silas(a)redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Martin</span> <span class="surname">Prpič</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Eliška</span> <span class="surname">Slobodová</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Miroslav</span> <span class="surname">Svoboda</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div>
</div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="surname">Ha</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">David</span> <span class="surname">O'Brien</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Michael</span> <span class="surname">Hideo</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Don</span> <span class="surname">Domingo</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat</span> <span class="orgdiv">Customer Content Services</span></div></div></div></div><hr
/><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div id="idm225468306816" class="legalnotice"><h1 class="legalnotice">Legal Notice</h1><div class="para">
Copyright <span class="trademark"></span>© 2016 Red Hat, Inc. and others.
</div><div class="para">
The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/</a>. The original authors of this document, and Red Hat, designate the Fedora Project as the "Attribution Party" for purposes of CC-BY-SA. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version.
@@ -31,4 +31,4 @@
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
</div></div></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div class="abstract"><h6>Abstract</h6><div class="para">
The <em class="citetitle">System Administrator's Guide</em> documents relevant information regarding the deployment, configuration, and administration of Fedora 24. It is oriented towards system administrators with a basic understanding of the system.
- </div></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="pr01.html">Preface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01.html#sect-Preface-Target_Audience">1. Target Audience</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html">2. How to Read this Book</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s03.html">3. Document Conventions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s03.html#idm263496886960">3.1. Typographic Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s03s02.html">3.2. Pull-quote Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s03s03.html">3.3. Notes and Warnings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s04.html">4. We Need Feedback!</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pref-Acknowledgments.html">5. Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a hr
ef="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html">I. Basic System Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html">1. Opening Graphical Applications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html#gui-from_cli">1.1. Opening graphical applications from the command line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-alt_f2.html">1.2. Launching Applications with <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F2</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-from_menu.html">1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-from_menu.html#gui-from_menu-gnome">1.3.1. Using GNOME menus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-from_menu-kde.html">1.3.2. Using KDE menus </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s03s03.html">1.3.3. Using menus i
n LXDE, MATE, and XFCE</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html">2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s1-Setting_the_System_Locale">2.1. Setting the System Locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Status">2.1.1. Displaying the Current Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s2-Listing_Available_Locales">2.1.2. Listing Available Locales</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s2-Setting_the_Locale">2.1.3. Setting the Locale</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html">2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt
><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Settings">2.2.1. Displaying the Current Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html">2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Setting_the_Keymap.html">2.2.3. Setting the Keymap</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources.html">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html">3. Configuring the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl">3.1. Using the timedatectl Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Display">3.1.1. Displaying
the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time">3.1.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Date">3.1.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time_Zone">3.1.4. Changing the Time Zone</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-NTP">3.1.5. Synchronizing the System Clock with a Remote Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date.html">3.2. Using the date Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date.html#sec
t-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Display">3.2.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Time.html">3.2.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Date.html">3.2.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-hwclock.html">3.3. Using the hwclock Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-hwclock.html#sect2-displaying-time-hwclock">3.3.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect3-changing-date-time-hwclock.html">3.3.2. Setting the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect4-synchronizing-date-time-hwclock.html">3.3.3. Synchronizing the Date and Time</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="sect-Date_and_Time-Resources.html">3.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">4. Managing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s1-users-groups-introduction">4.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">4.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">4.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html">4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html#s2-redhat-config-users-list">4.2.1. Using the Users Settings Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users
-tools.html">4.3. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">4.3.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">4.3.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html">4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">4.3.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html">4.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Gaining_Privileges.html">5. Gaining Privileges</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Gaining_Privileges.html#sect-Gaining_Privileges-The
_su_Command">5.1. The su Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_sudo_Command.html">5.2. The sudo Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-Additional_Resources.html">5.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Package_Management.html">II. Package Management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-DNF.html">6. DNF</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">6.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Checking_For_Updates">6.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Updating_Packages">6.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">6.1.3. Preserving Confi
guration File Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">6.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">6.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">6.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">6.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing.html">6.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Removing.html">6.2.5. Removing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-DNF-Transaction_History.html">6.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html">6.3. Configuring DNF and DNF Repositor
ies</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html#sec-Setting_main_Options">6.3.1. Setting [main] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html">6.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_DNF_Variables.html">6.3.3. Using DNF Variables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html">6.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html">6.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Additional_Resources.html">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html">III. Infrastructure Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Services_and_
Daemons.html">7. Services and Daemons</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-running.html">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-stopping.html">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="secti
on"><a href="s3-services-running-restarting.html">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html">8. OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s1-ssh-protocol">8.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-why">8.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">8.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-ver
sions">8.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-conn">8.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html">8.2. Configuring OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">8.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html">8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html">8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html#sec-Introduction_to_SSH_Certificates">8.3.1. Introduction to SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Support_for_OpenSSH_Certificates.html">8.3.2. Support for SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys.html">8.3.3. Creating SSH CA Certificate Signing Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys.html">8.3.4. Distributing and Trusting SSH CA Public Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Signing_SSH_Certificates.html">8.3.5. Creating SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-SSH_Certificate_PKCS_11_Token.html">8.3.6. Signing an SSH Certificate Using a PKCS#11 Token</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_an_SSH_CA_Certificate.html">8.3.7. Viewing an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt><dt><span class=
"section"><a href="sec-Revoking_an_SSH_CA_Certificate.html">8.3.8. Revoking an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html">8.4. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">8.4.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">8.4.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html">8.4.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html">8.5. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">8.5.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html">8.5.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="secti
on"><a href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">8.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html">9. TigerVNC</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s1-vnc-server">9.1. VNC Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s2-vnc-installation">9.1.1. Installing VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s3-configuring-vnc-server">9.1.2. Configuring VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s4-starting-vncserver">9.1.3. Starting VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#terminating-vnc-session">9.1.4. Terminating a VNC Session</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s5-vnc-viewer.html">9.2. VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s5-vnc-viewer.html#installing-vncviewer">9.2.1. Installing VNC Viewer</
a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html">9.2.2. Connecting to VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using_ssh.html">9.2.3. Connecting to VNC Server Using SSH</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s9-additional-sources.html">9.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Servers.html">IV. Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html">10. Web Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">10.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-changes">10.1.1. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">10.1.2. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html
#s2-apache-running">10.1.3. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">10.1.4. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">10.1.5. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-virtualhosts">10.1.6. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">10.1.7. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-resources">10.1.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html">11. Mail Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s1-email-protocols">11.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-proto
cols-send">11.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-client">11.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html">11.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html#s2-email-types-mta">11.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mda.html">11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mua.html">11.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html">11.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">11.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">11.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-em
ail-mta-fetchmail.html">11.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-switchmail.html">11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html">11.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">11.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html">11.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html">11.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">11.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">11.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html#s2-email-installed-docs">
11.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-useful-websites.html">11.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-related-books.html">11.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html">12. Directory Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s1-OpenLDAP">12.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-introduction">12.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">12.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">12.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-selinux-openldap">12.1.4. SELinu
x Policy for Applications Using LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-running">12.1.5. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-pam">12.1.6. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-resources">12.1.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-related-books">12.1.8. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html">13. File and Print Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba">13.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">13.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sec
tion"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">13.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">13.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share">13.1.4. Mounting the Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">13.1.5. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">13.1.6. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">13.1.7. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="
ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Security_Modes">13.1.8. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">13.1.9. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Network_Browsing">13.1.10. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support">13.1.11. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">13.1.12. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Resources">13.1.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FTP.html">13.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FT
P.html#s2-ftp-protocol">13.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-servers.html">13.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">13.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">13.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">13.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-resources.html">13.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html">13.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">13.3.1. Starting the Printers Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Printer.html">13.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html">13.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html">13.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html">13.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html">13.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">13.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-select-model.html">13.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-test-page.html">13.3.9. Printing a Test Page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-edit.h
tml">13.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html">13.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html">14. Configuring NTP Using the chrony Suite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html#sect-Introduction_to_the_chrony_Suite">14.1. Introduction to the chrony Suite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html#sect-differences_between_ntpd_and_chronyd">14.1.1. Differences Between ntpd and chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html#sect-Choosing_between_NTP_daemon">14.1.2. Choosing Between NTP Daemons</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_chrony_and-its_configuration.html">14.2. Und
erstanding chrony and Its Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_chrony_and-its_configuration.html#sect-Understanding_chronyd">14.2.1. Understanding chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_chronyc.html">14.2.2. Understanding chronyc</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_the_chrony_configuration_commands.html">14.2.3. Understanding the chrony Configuration Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Security_with_chronyc.html">14.2.4. Security with chronyc</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chrony.html">14.3. Using chrony</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chrony.html#sect-Installing_chrony">14.3.1. Installing chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Checking_the_Status_of_chronyd.html">14.3.2. Checking the Status of chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Starting_chronyd.html">14.3.3. Starting chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Stopping_chronyd.html">14.3.4. Stopping chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Checking_if_chrony_is_synchronized.html">14.3.5. Checking if chrony is Synchronized</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Manually_Adjusting-the-System_Clock.html">14.3.6. Manually Adjusting the System Clock</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_different_environments.html">14.4. Setting Up chrony for Different Environments</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_different_environments.html#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_which_is_infrequently_connected">14.4.1. Setting Up chrony for a System Which is Infrequently Connected</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_in_an_isolated_networ
k.html">14.4.2. Setting Up chrony for a System in an Isolated Network</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chronyc.html">14.5. Using chronyc</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chronyc.html#sect-Using_chronyc_chronyc_to_control_chronyd">14.5.1. Using chronyc to Control chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chronyc_for_remote_administration.html">14.5.2. Using chronyc for Remote Administration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-additional_resources.html">14.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-additional_resources.html#s2-chrony-docs-inst">14.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-chrony_Online_Documentation.html">14.6.2. Online Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html">15. Configur
ing NTP Using ntpd</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html#s1-Introduction_to_NTP">15.1. Introduction to NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-NTP_Strata.html">15.2. NTP Strata</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_NTP.html">15.3. Understanding NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html">15.4. Understanding the Drift File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html">15.5. UTC, Timezones, and DST</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html">15.6. Authentication Options for NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html">15.7. Managing the Time on Virtual Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html">15.8. Understanding Leap Seconds</a></span></dt><dt
><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File.html">15.9. Understanding the ntpd Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html">15.10. Understanding the ntpd Sysconfig File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Disabling_chrony.html">15.11. Disabling chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html">15.12. Checking if the NTP Daemon is Installed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html">15.13. Installing the NTP Daemon (ntpd)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html">15.14. Checking the Status of NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html">15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"
><a href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html#s2-Change_the_firewall_settings">15.15.1. Change the Firewall Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html">15.15.2. Open Ports in the Firewall for NTP Packets</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers.html">15.16. Configure ntpdate Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_NTP.html">15.17. Configure NTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_NTP.html#s2-Configure_Access_Control_to_an_NTP_service">15.17.1. Configure Access Control to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html">15.17.2. Configure Rate Limiting Access to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html">15.17.3. Adding a Peer Address</a></span></dt
><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html">15.17.4. Adding a Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html">15.17.5. Adding a Broadcast or Multicast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html">15.17.6. Adding a Manycast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html">15.17.7. Adding a Broadcast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html">15.17.8. Adding a Manycast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html">15.17.9. Adding a Multicast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html">15.17.10. Configuring the Burst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configu
ring_the_iburst_Option.html">15.17.11. Configuring the iburst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html">15.17.12. Configuring Symmetric Authentication Using a Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval.html">15.17.13. Configuring the Poll Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html">15.17.14. Configuring Server Preference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html">15.17.15. Configuring the Time-to-Live for NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html">15.17.16. Configuring the NTP Version to Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html">15.18. Configuring the Hardware Clock Update</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><
a href="s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html">15.19. Configuring Clock Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html">15.20. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html#s2-ntpd-docs-inst">15.20.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html">15.20.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html">16. Configuring PTP Using ptp4l</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html#sec-Introduction_to_PTP">16.1. Introduction to PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html#sec-Understanding_PTP">16.1.1. Understanding PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html#sec-Advantages_of_PTP">16.1.2. Advanta
ges of PTP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_PTP.html">16.2. Using PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_PTP.html#sec-Checking_for_Driver_and_Hardware_Support">16.2.1. Checking for Driver and Hardware Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_PTP.html">16.2.2. Installing PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Starting_ptp4l.html">16.2.3. Starting ptp4l</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Specifying_a_Configuration_File.html">16.3. Specifying a Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_the_PTP_Management_Client.html">16.4. Using the PTP Management Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Synchronizing_the_Clocks.html">16.5. Synchronizing the Clocks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Verifying_Time_Synchronization.html">16.6. Verifying Time Synchronization<
/a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Serving_PTP_Time_with_NTP.html">16.7. Serving PTP Time with NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Serving_NTP_Time_with_PTP.html">16.8. Serving NTP Time with PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Synchronize_to_PTP_or_NTP_Time_Using_timemaster.html">16.9. Synchronize to PTP or NTP Time Using timemaster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Synchronize_to_PTP_or_NTP_Time_Using_timemaster.html#sec-Starting_timemaster_as_a_Service">16.9.1. Starting timemaster as a Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Understanding_the_timemaster_Configuration_File.html">16.9.2. Understanding the timemaster Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options.html">16.9.3. Configuring timemaster Options</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Improving_Accuracy.html">16.10. Improvi
ng Accuracy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html">16.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html#sec-PTP-docs-inst">16.11.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PTP_useful-websites.html">16.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html">V. Monitoring and Automation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html">17. System Monitoring Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">17.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">17.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch
-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">17.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">17.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">17.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">17.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">17.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html">17.3. Viewing CPU Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">17.3.1. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems
.html">17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">17.4.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html">17.4.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html">17.4.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html">17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">17.4.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html">17.4.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.
html">17.5. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">17.5.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html">17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html">17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html">17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html">17.6. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">17.6.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running.html">17.6.2. Running the Net-SNMP D
aemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring.html">17.6.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving.html">17.6.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending.html">17.6.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html">17.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">17.7.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">18. Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-logfiles-locating">18.1. Locating Log File
s</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html">18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html#s2-Filters">18.2.1. Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Actions.html">18.2.2. Actions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Templates.html">18.2.3. Templates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-global_directives.html">18.2.4. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-log_rotation.html">18.2.5. Log Rotation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html">18.3. Using the New Configuration Format</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html#sec-Rulesets">18.3.1. Rulesets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-compatibility_with_syslogd.html">18.3
.2. Compatibility with syslogd</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html">18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html#s2-defining_queues">18.4.1. Defining Queues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-managing_queues.html">18.4.2. Managing Queues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html">18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html#sec-Using_The_New_Template_Syntax_on_a_Logging_Server">18.5.1. Using The New Template Syntax on a Logging Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html">18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html#
s2-importing_text_files">18.6.1. Importing Text Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html">18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-enabling_encrypted_transport.html">18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-using_RELP.html">18.6.4. Using RELP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html">18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html">18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html#s2-importing_data_from_journal">18.8.1. Importing Data from Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-filtering_structured_messages.html">18.8.2. Filtering Structured Messages</a></span></dt><dt><s
pan class="section"><a href="s2-parsing_JSON.html">18.8.3. Parsing JSON</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html">18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-debugging_rsyslog.html">18.9. Debugging Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server.html">18.10. Troubleshooting Logging to a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html">18.11. Using the Journal</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html#s2-Viewing_Log_Files">18.11.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Access_Control.html">18.11.2. Access Control</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Using_The_Live_View.html">18.11.3. Using The Live View</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Filtering_Messages.html">18.11.4. Filterin
g Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html">18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html">18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html#s2-logfiles-viewing">18.12.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-logfiles-adding.html">18.12.2. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-logfiles-examining.html">18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html">18.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html">19. Automating System Tasks</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automa
ting_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">19.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#sect-Cron-Installing">19.1.1. Installing Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#sect-Cron-Running">19.1.2. Running the Crond Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">19.1.3. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">19.1.4. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-access">19.1.5. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">19.1.6. Black and White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="se
ction"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">19.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html#sect-At_and_Batch_Installation">19.2.1. Installing At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Atd-Running.html">19.2.2. Running the At Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-configuring.html">19.2.3. Configuring an At Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html">19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html">19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html">19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html">19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">19.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-OProfile.html">20. OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OProfile.html#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OProfile.html#s2-operf_vs_opcontrol">20.1.1. operf vs. opcontrol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using-operf.html">20.2. Using operf</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using-operf.html#s2-operf-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-operf-events.html">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-operf-categorization.html">20.2.3. Categorization of Samples</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy
Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.3.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-events.html">20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html">20.6. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.6.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-readi
ng-opreport-single.html">20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html">20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html">20.6.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html">20.8. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html">20.9. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.9.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-gui.html">20.10. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="se
ction"><a href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html">20.11. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html">20.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html">VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html">21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html#sec-Introduction_to_GRUB_2">21.1. Introduction to GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html">21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html">21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html">21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html">21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html#sec-Changing_the_Default_Boot_Entry">21.5.1. Changing the Default Boot Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html">21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Adding_a_new_Entry.html">21.5.3. Adding a new Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu.html">21.5.4. Creating a Custom Menu</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html">21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="
section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html#sec-Setting_Up_Users_and_Password_Protection_Specifying_Menu_Entries">21.6.1. Setting Up Users and Password Protection, Specifying Menu Entries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Password_Encryption.html">21.6.2. Password Encryption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html">21.7. Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_BIOS-Based_Machines">21.7.1. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on BIOS-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-grub2-reinstall_on_UEFI-Based_Machines.html">21.7.2. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on UEFI-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Resetting_and_Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html">21.7.3. Resetting and Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console.html">
21.8. GRUB 2 over a Serial Console</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console.html#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Menu">21.8.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_screen_to_Connect_to_the_Serial_Console.html">21.8.2. Using screen to Connect to the Serial Console</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html">21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html#sec-Booting_to_Rescue_Mode">21.9.1. Booting to Rescue Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode.html">21.9.2. Booting to Emergency Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password.html">21.9.3. Changing and Resetting the Root Password</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot.html">21.10. UEFI Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot.html#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot_Support_in_Fedora">21.10.1. UEFI Secure Boot Support in Fedora</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader-Additional_Resources.html">21.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">22.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">22.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-download.html">22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html">22.4. Performing the Upgrade<
/a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html">22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html">22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">22.6.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html">22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html">23. Working with Kernel Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">23.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">23.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">23.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html">23.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">23.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot.html">23.7. Signing Kernel Modules for Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot.html#sect-prerequisites">23.7.1. Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-kernel-module-authentication.html">23.7.2. Kernel Module Authentication</
a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-generating-a-public-private-x509-key-pair.html">23.7.3. Generating a Public and Private X.509 Key Pair</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-enrolling-public-key-on-target-system.html">23.7.4. Enrolling Public Key on Target System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-signing-kernel-module-with-the-private-key.html">23.7.5. Signing Kernel Module with the Private Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-loading-signed-kernel-module.html">23.7.6. Loading Signed Kernel Module</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html">23.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="ch-RPM.html">A. RPM</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">A.1. RPM Design Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-using.html">A.2. U
sing RPM</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">A.2.1. Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">A.2.2. Uninstalling Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-freshening.html">A.2.3. Freshening Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-querying.html">A.2.4. Querying Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-verifying.html">A.2.5. Verifying Packages</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html">A.3. Finding and Verifying RPM Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html#s2-rpm-finding">A.3.1. Finding RPM Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">A.3.2. Checking Package Signatures</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-usage
-examples.html">A.4. Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html">A.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="app-Revision_History.html">B. Revision History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="ix01.html">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01.html"><strong>Next</strong>Preface</a></li></ul></body></html>
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+ </div></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="pr01.html">Preface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01.html#sect-Preface-Target_Audience">1. Target Audience</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html">2. How to Read this Book</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s03.html">3. Document Conventions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s03.html#idm225471091744">3.1. Typographic Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s03s02.html">3.2. Pull-quote Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s03s03.html">3.3. Notes and Warnings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s04.html">4. We Need Feedback!</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pref-Acknowledgments.html">5. Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a hr
ef="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html">I. Basic System Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html">1. Opening Graphical Applications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html#gui-from_cli">1.1. Opening graphical applications from the command line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-alt_f2.html">1.2. Launching Applications with <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F2</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-from_menu.html">1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-from_menu.html#gui-from_menu-gnome">1.3.1. Using GNOME menus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-from_menu-kde.html">1.3.2. Using KDE menus </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s03s03.html">1.3.3. Using menus i
n LXDE, MATE, and XFCE</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html">2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s1-Setting_the_System_Locale">2.1. Setting the System Locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Status">2.1.1. Displaying the Current Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s2-Listing_Available_Locales">2.1.2. Listing Available Locales</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s2-Setting_the_Locale">2.1.3. Setting the Locale</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html">2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt
><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Settings">2.2.1. Displaying the Current Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html">2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Setting_the_Keymap.html">2.2.3. Setting the Keymap</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources.html">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html">3. Configuring the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl">3.1. Using the timedatectl Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Display">3.1.1. Displaying
the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time">3.1.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Date">3.1.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time_Zone">3.1.4. Changing the Time Zone</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-NTP">3.1.5. Synchronizing the System Clock with a Remote Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date.html">3.2. Using the date Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date.html#sec
t-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Display">3.2.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Time.html">3.2.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Date.html">3.2.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-hwclock.html">3.3. Using the hwclock Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-hwclock.html#sect2-displaying-time-hwclock">3.3.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect3-changing-date-time-hwclock.html">3.3.2. Setting the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect4-synchronizing-date-time-hwclock.html">3.3.3. Synchronizing the Date and Time</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="sect-Date_and_Time-Resources.html">3.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">4. Managing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s1-users-groups-introduction">4.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">4.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">4.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html">4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html#s2-redhat-config-users-list">4.2.1. Using the Users Settings Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users
-tools.html">4.3. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">4.3.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">4.3.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html">4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">4.3.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html">4.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Gaining_Privileges.html">5. Gaining Privileges</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Gaining_Privileges.html#sect-Gaining_Privileges-The
_su_Command">5.1. The su Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_sudo_Command.html">5.2. The sudo Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-Additional_Resources.html">5.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Package_Management.html">II. Package Management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-DNF.html">6. DNF</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">6.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Checking_For_Updates">6.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Updating_Packages">6.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">6.1.3. Preserving Confi
guration File Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">6.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">6.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">6.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">6.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing.html">6.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Removing.html">6.2.5. Removing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-DNF-Transaction_History.html">6.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html">6.3. Configuring DNF and DNF Repositor
ies</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html#sec-Setting_main_Options">6.3.1. Setting [main] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html">6.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_DNF_Variables.html">6.3.3. Using DNF Variables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html">6.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html">6.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Additional_Resources.html">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html">III. Infrastructure Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Services_and_
Daemons.html">7. Services and Daemons</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-running.html">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-stopping.html">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="secti
on"><a href="s3-services-running-restarting.html">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html">8. OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s1-ssh-protocol">8.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-why">8.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">8.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-ver
sions">8.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-conn">8.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html">8.2. Configuring OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">8.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html">8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html">8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html#sec-Introduction_to_SSH_Certificates">8.3.1. Introduction to SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Support_for_OpenSSH_Certificates.html">8.3.2. Support for SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys.html">8.3.3. Creating SSH CA Certificate Signing Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys.html">8.3.4. Distributing and Trusting SSH CA Public Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Signing_SSH_Certificates.html">8.3.5. Creating SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-SSH_Certificate_PKCS_11_Token.html">8.3.6. Signing an SSH Certificate Using a PKCS#11 Token</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_an_SSH_CA_Certificate.html">8.3.7. Viewing an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt><dt><span class=
"section"><a href="sec-Revoking_an_SSH_CA_Certificate.html">8.3.8. Revoking an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html">8.4. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">8.4.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">8.4.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html">8.4.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html">8.5. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">8.5.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html">8.5.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="secti
on"><a href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">8.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html">9. TigerVNC</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s1-vnc-server">9.1. VNC Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s2-vnc-installation">9.1.1. Installing VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s3-configuring-vnc-server">9.1.2. Configuring VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s4-starting-vncserver">9.1.3. Starting VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#terminating-vnc-session">9.1.4. Terminating a VNC Session</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s5-vnc-viewer.html">9.2. VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s5-vnc-viewer.html#installing-vncviewer">9.2.1. Installing VNC Viewer</
a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html">9.2.2. Connecting to VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using_ssh.html">9.2.3. Connecting to VNC Server Using SSH</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s9-additional-sources.html">9.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Servers.html">IV. Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html">10. Web Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">10.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-changes">10.1.1. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">10.1.2. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html
#s2-apache-running">10.1.3. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">10.1.4. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">10.1.5. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-virtualhosts">10.1.6. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">10.1.7. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-resources">10.1.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html">11. Mail Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s1-email-protocols">11.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-proto
cols-send">11.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-client">11.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html">11.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html#s2-email-types-mta">11.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mda.html">11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mua.html">11.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html">11.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">11.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">11.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-em
ail-mta-fetchmail.html">11.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-switchmail.html">11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html">11.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">11.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html">11.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html">11.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">11.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">11.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html#s2-email-installed-docs">
11.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-useful-websites.html">11.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-related-books.html">11.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html">12. Directory Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s1-OpenLDAP">12.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-introduction">12.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">12.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">12.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-selinux-openldap">12.1.4. SELinu
x Policy for Applications Using LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-running">12.1.5. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-pam">12.1.6. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-resources">12.1.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-related-books">12.1.8. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html">13. File and Print Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba">13.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">13.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sec
tion"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">13.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">13.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share">13.1.4. Mounting the Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">13.1.5. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">13.1.6. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">13.1.7. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="
ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Security_Modes">13.1.8. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">13.1.9. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Network_Browsing">13.1.10. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support">13.1.11. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">13.1.12. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Resources">13.1.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FTP.html">13.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FT
P.html#s2-ftp-protocol">13.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-servers.html">13.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">13.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">13.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">13.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-resources.html">13.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html">13.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">13.3.1. Starting the Printers Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Printer.html">13.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html">13.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html">13.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html">13.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html">13.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">13.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-select-model.html">13.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-test-page.html">13.3.9. Printing a Test Page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-edit.h
tml">13.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html">13.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html">14. Configuring NTP Using the chrony Suite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html#sect-Introduction_to_the_chrony_Suite">14.1. Introduction to the chrony Suite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html#sect-differences_between_ntpd_and_chronyd">14.1.1. Differences Between ntpd and chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html#sect-Choosing_between_NTP_daemon">14.1.2. Choosing Between NTP Daemons</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_chrony_and-its_configuration.html">14.2. Und
erstanding chrony and Its Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_chrony_and-its_configuration.html#sect-Understanding_chronyd">14.2.1. Understanding chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_chronyc.html">14.2.2. Understanding chronyc</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_the_chrony_configuration_commands.html">14.2.3. Understanding the chrony Configuration Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Security_with_chronyc.html">14.2.4. Security with chronyc</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chrony.html">14.3. Using chrony</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chrony.html#sect-Installing_chrony">14.3.1. Installing chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Checking_the_Status_of_chronyd.html">14.3.2. Checking the Status of chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Starting_chronyd.html">14.3.3. Starting chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Stopping_chronyd.html">14.3.4. Stopping chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Checking_if_chrony_is_synchronized.html">14.3.5. Checking if chrony is Synchronized</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Manually_Adjusting-the-System_Clock.html">14.3.6. Manually Adjusting the System Clock</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_different_environments.html">14.4. Setting Up chrony for Different Environments</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_different_environments.html#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_which_is_infrequently_connected">14.4.1. Setting Up chrony for a System Which is Infrequently Connected</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_in_an_isolated_networ
k.html">14.4.2. Setting Up chrony for a System in an Isolated Network</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chronyc.html">14.5. Using chronyc</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chronyc.html#sect-Using_chronyc_chronyc_to_control_chronyd">14.5.1. Using chronyc to Control chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chronyc_for_remote_administration.html">14.5.2. Using chronyc for Remote Administration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-additional_resources.html">14.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-additional_resources.html#s2-chrony-docs-inst">14.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-chrony_Online_Documentation.html">14.6.2. Online Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html">15. Configur
ing NTP Using ntpd</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html#s1-Introduction_to_NTP">15.1. Introduction to NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-NTP_Strata.html">15.2. NTP Strata</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_NTP.html">15.3. Understanding NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html">15.4. Understanding the Drift File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html">15.5. UTC, Timezones, and DST</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html">15.6. Authentication Options for NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html">15.7. Managing the Time on Virtual Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html">15.8. Understanding Leap Seconds</a></span></dt><dt
><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File.html">15.9. Understanding the ntpd Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html">15.10. Understanding the ntpd Sysconfig File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Disabling_chrony.html">15.11. Disabling chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html">15.12. Checking if the NTP Daemon is Installed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html">15.13. Installing the NTP Daemon (ntpd)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html">15.14. Checking the Status of NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html">15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"
><a href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html#s2-Change_the_firewall_settings">15.15.1. Change the Firewall Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html">15.15.2. Open Ports in the Firewall for NTP Packets</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers.html">15.16. Configure ntpdate Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_NTP.html">15.17. Configure NTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_NTP.html#s2-Configure_Access_Control_to_an_NTP_service">15.17.1. Configure Access Control to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html">15.17.2. Configure Rate Limiting Access to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html">15.17.3. Adding a Peer Address</a></span></dt
><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html">15.17.4. Adding a Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html">15.17.5. Adding a Broadcast or Multicast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html">15.17.6. Adding a Manycast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html">15.17.7. Adding a Broadcast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html">15.17.8. Adding a Manycast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html">15.17.9. Adding a Multicast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html">15.17.10. Configuring the Burst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configu
ring_the_iburst_Option.html">15.17.11. Configuring the iburst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html">15.17.12. Configuring Symmetric Authentication Using a Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval.html">15.17.13. Configuring the Poll Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html">15.17.14. Configuring Server Preference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html">15.17.15. Configuring the Time-to-Live for NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html">15.17.16. Configuring the NTP Version to Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html">15.18. Configuring the Hardware Clock Update</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><
a href="s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html">15.19. Configuring Clock Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html">15.20. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html#s2-ntpd-docs-inst">15.20.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html">15.20.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html">16. Configuring PTP Using ptp4l</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html#sec-Introduction_to_PTP">16.1. Introduction to PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html#sec-Understanding_PTP">16.1.1. Understanding PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html#sec-Advantages_of_PTP">16.1.2. Advanta
ges of PTP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_PTP.html">16.2. Using PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_PTP.html#sec-Checking_for_Driver_and_Hardware_Support">16.2.1. Checking for Driver and Hardware Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_PTP.html">16.2.2. Installing PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Starting_ptp4l.html">16.2.3. Starting ptp4l</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Specifying_a_Configuration_File.html">16.3. Specifying a Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_the_PTP_Management_Client.html">16.4. Using the PTP Management Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Synchronizing_the_Clocks.html">16.5. Synchronizing the Clocks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Verifying_Time_Synchronization.html">16.6. Verifying Time Synchronization<
/a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Serving_PTP_Time_with_NTP.html">16.7. Serving PTP Time with NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Serving_NTP_Time_with_PTP.html">16.8. Serving NTP Time with PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Synchronize_to_PTP_or_NTP_Time_Using_timemaster.html">16.9. Synchronize to PTP or NTP Time Using timemaster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Synchronize_to_PTP_or_NTP_Time_Using_timemaster.html#sec-Starting_timemaster_as_a_Service">16.9.1. Starting timemaster as a Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Understanding_the_timemaster_Configuration_File.html">16.9.2. Understanding the timemaster Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options.html">16.9.3. Configuring timemaster Options</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Improving_Accuracy.html">16.10. Improvi
ng Accuracy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html">16.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html#sec-PTP-docs-inst">16.11.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PTP_useful-websites.html">16.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html">V. Monitoring and Automation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html">17. System Monitoring Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">17.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">17.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch
-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">17.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">17.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">17.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">17.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">17.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html">17.3. Viewing CPU Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">17.3.1. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems
.html">17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">17.4.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html">17.4.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html">17.4.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html">17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">17.4.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html">17.4.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.
html">17.5. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">17.5.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html">17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html">17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html">17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html">17.6. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">17.6.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running.html">17.6.2. Running the Net-SNMP D
aemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring.html">17.6.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving.html">17.6.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending.html">17.6.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html">17.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">17.7.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">18. Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-logfiles-locating">18.1. Locating Log File
s</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html">18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html#s2-Filters">18.2.1. Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Actions.html">18.2.2. Actions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Templates.html">18.2.3. Templates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-global_directives.html">18.2.4. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-log_rotation.html">18.2.5. Log Rotation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html">18.3. Using the New Configuration Format</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html#sec-Rulesets">18.3.1. Rulesets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-compatibility_with_syslogd.html">18.3
.2. Compatibility with syslogd</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html">18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html#s2-defining_queues">18.4.1. Defining Queues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-managing_queues.html">18.4.2. Managing Queues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html">18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html#sec-Using_The_New_Template_Syntax_on_a_Logging_Server">18.5.1. Using The New Template Syntax on a Logging Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html">18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html#
s2-importing_text_files">18.6.1. Importing Text Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html">18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-enabling_encrypted_transport.html">18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-using_RELP.html">18.6.4. Using RELP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html">18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html">18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html#s2-importing_data_from_journal">18.8.1. Importing Data from Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-filtering_structured_messages.html">18.8.2. Filtering Structured Messages</a></span></dt><dt><s
pan class="section"><a href="s2-parsing_JSON.html">18.8.3. Parsing JSON</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html">18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-debugging_rsyslog.html">18.9. Debugging Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server.html">18.10. Troubleshooting Logging to a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html">18.11. Using the Journal</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html#s2-Viewing_Log_Files">18.11.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Access_Control.html">18.11.2. Access Control</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Using_The_Live_View.html">18.11.3. Using The Live View</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Filtering_Messages.html">18.11.4. Filterin
g Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html">18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html">18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html#s2-logfiles-viewing">18.12.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-logfiles-adding.html">18.12.2. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-logfiles-examining.html">18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html">18.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html">19. Automating System Tasks</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automa
ting_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">19.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#sect-Cron-Installing">19.1.1. Installing Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#sect-Cron-Running">19.1.2. Running the Crond Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">19.1.3. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">19.1.4. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-access">19.1.5. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">19.1.6. Black and White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="se
ction"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">19.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html#sect-At_and_Batch_Installation">19.2.1. Installing At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Atd-Running.html">19.2.2. Running the At Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-configuring.html">19.2.3. Configuring an At Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html">19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html">19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html">19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html">19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">19.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-OProfile.html">20. OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OProfile.html#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OProfile.html#s2-operf_vs_opcontrol">20.1.1. operf vs. opcontrol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using-operf.html">20.2. Using operf</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using-operf.html#s2-operf-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-operf-events.html">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-operf-categorization.html">20.2.3. Categorization of Samples</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy
Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.3.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-events.html">20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html">20.6. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.6.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-readi
ng-opreport-single.html">20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html">20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html">20.6.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html">20.8. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html">20.9. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.9.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-gui.html">20.10. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="se
ction"><a href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html">20.11. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html">20.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html">VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html">21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html#sec-Introduction_to_GRUB_2">21.1. Introduction to GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html">21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html">21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html">21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html">21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html#sec-Changing_the_Default_Boot_Entry">21.5.1. Changing the Default Boot Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html">21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Adding_a_new_Entry.html">21.5.3. Adding a new Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu.html">21.5.4. Creating a Custom Menu</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html">21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="
section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html#sec-Setting_Up_Users_and_Password_Protection_Specifying_Menu_Entries">21.6.1. Setting Up Users and Password Protection, Specifying Menu Entries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Password_Encryption.html">21.6.2. Password Encryption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html">21.7. Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_BIOS-Based_Machines">21.7.1. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on BIOS-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-grub2-reinstall_on_UEFI-Based_Machines.html">21.7.2. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on UEFI-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Resetting_and_Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html">21.7.3. Resetting and Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console.html">
21.8. GRUB 2 over a Serial Console</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console.html#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Menu">21.8.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_screen_to_Connect_to_the_Serial_Console.html">21.8.2. Using screen to Connect to the Serial Console</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html">21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html#sec-Booting_to_Rescue_Mode">21.9.1. Booting to Rescue Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode.html">21.9.2. Booting to Emergency Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password.html">21.9.3. Changing and Resetting the Root Password</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot.html">21.10. UEFI Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot.html#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot_Support_in_Fedora">21.10.1. UEFI Secure Boot Support in Fedora</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader-Additional_Resources.html">21.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">22.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">22.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-download.html">22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html">22.4. Performing the Upgrade<
/a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html">22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html">22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">22.6.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html">22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html">23. Working with Kernel Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">23.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">23.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">23.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html">23.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">23.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot.html">23.7. Signing Kernel Modules for Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot.html#sect-prerequisites">23.7.1. Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-kernel-module-authentication.html">23.7.2. Kernel Module Authentication</
a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-generating-a-public-private-x509-key-pair.html">23.7.3. Generating a Public and Private X.509 Key Pair</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-enrolling-public-key-on-target-system.html">23.7.4. Enrolling Public Key on Target System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-signing-kernel-module-with-the-private-key.html">23.7.5. Signing Kernel Module with the Private Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-loading-signed-kernel-module.html">23.7.6. Loading Signed Kernel Module</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html">23.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="ch-RPM.html">A. RPM</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">A.1. RPM Design Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-using.html">A.2. U
sing RPM</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">A.2.1. Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">A.2.2. Uninstalling Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-freshening.html">A.2.3. Freshening Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-querying.html">A.2.4. Querying Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-verifying.html">A.2.5. Verifying Packages</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html">A.3. Finding and Verifying RPM Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html#s2-rpm-finding">A.3.1. Finding RPM Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">A.3.2. Checking Package Signatures</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-usage
-examples.html">A.4. Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html">A.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="app-Revision_History.html">B. Revision History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="ix01.html">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01.html"><strong>Next</strong>Preface</a></li></ul></body></html>
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="app-Revision_History.html" title="Appendix B. Revision History" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class
="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="app-Revision_History.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"></li></ul><div class="index" id="idm263515012848"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Index</h1></div></div></div><div class="index"><div class="indexdiv"><h3>Symbols</h3><dl><dt>.fetchmailrc, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">Fetchmail Configuration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">Server Options</a></dt><dt>user options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">User Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>.htaccess, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>.htpasswd, <a class="indexterm" hre
f="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>.procmailrc, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">Procmail Configuration</a></dt><dt>/dev/oprofile/, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></dt><dt>/dev/shm, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/run, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/sys/fs/cgroup, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt> /var/spool/anacron , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt> /var/spool/cron , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs<
/a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3></h3><dl><dt> (see OProfile)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>A</h3><dl><dt>adding</dt><dd><dl><dt>group, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>user, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>anacron, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Cron and Anacron</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>anacron configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt>user-defined tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> anacrontab , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt>Apache HTTP Server</dt><dd><dl><dt>additio
nal resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>checking configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>checking status, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-status">Verifying the Service Status</a></dt><dt>directives</dt><dd><dl><dt><Directory>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><IfDefine>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><IfMo
dule>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><Location>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><Proxy>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><VirtualHost>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AccessFileName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Action, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddDescription, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddEncoding, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-We
b_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddHandler, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIcon, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIconByEncoding, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIconByType, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddLanguage, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddType, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Alias, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf
Directives</a></dt><dt>Allow, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AllowOverride, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>BrowserMatch, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheDefaultExpire, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheDisable, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheEnable, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheLastModifiedFactor, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheMaxExpire, <a
class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheNegotiatedDocs, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CustomLog, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DefaultIcon, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DefaultType, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Deny, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DirectoryIndex, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-htt
pdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DocumentRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ErrorDocument, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ErrorLog, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ExtendedStatus, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Group, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>HeaderName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>HostnameLookups, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><d
t>Include, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>IndexIgnore, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>IndexOptions, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>KeepAlive, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>KeepAliveTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LanguagePriority, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Listen, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LoadModule, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.ht
ml#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LogFormat, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LogLevel, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxClients, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxKeepAliveRequests, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxSpareServers, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxSpareThreads, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MinSpareServers, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Mu
lti-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MinSpareThreads, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>NameVirtualHost, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Options, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Order, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>PidFile, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ProxyRequests, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ReadmeName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Redirect, <a cl
ass="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ScriptAlias, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerAdmin, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerSignature, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerTokens, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>SetEnvIf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-sslcon
f-common">Common ssl.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>StartServers, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>SuexecUserGroup, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ThreadsPerChild, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>Timeout, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>TypesConfig, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>UseCanonicalName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>User, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>
UserDir, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/httpd/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/usr/lib/httpd/modules/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">Working with Modules</a></dt><dt>/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">Working wit
h Modules</a></dt><dt>/var/cache/mod_proxy/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/cgi-bin/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/html/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/icons/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>~/public_html/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>.htaccess, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>.htpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Direc
tives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-sslconf-common">Common ssl.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-enabling">Enabling the mod_ssl Module</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/logs/access_log, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/logs/error_log, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/run/httpd.pid, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_S
ervers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/mime.types, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>modules</dt><dd><dl><dt>developing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-dso-writing">Writing a Module</a></dt><dt>loading, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-dso-loading">Loading a Module</a></dt><dt>mod_rewrite, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>mod_ssl, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dt>mod_userdir, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">Updating the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-restarting">Restarting the Service</a></dt><dt>SSL se
rver</dt><dd><dl><dt>certificate, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">Using an Existing Key and Certificate</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">Generating a New Key and Certificate</a></dt><dt>certificate authority, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a></dt><dt>private key, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">Using an Existing Key and Certificate</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">Generating a New Key and Certificate</a></dt><dt>public key, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#
s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-starting">Starting the Service</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-stopping">Stopping the Service</a></dt><dt>version 2.4</dt><dd><dl><dt>changes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>updating from version 2.2, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">Updating the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>virtual host, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-virtualhosts">Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> at , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">At and Batch</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Automated Tasks,
<a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html">Automating System Tasks</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>B</h3><dl><dt> batch , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">At and Batch</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>blkid, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html">Using the blkid Command</a></dt><dt>boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>GRUB 2 boot loader, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html">Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html">Verifying the Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>boot media, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>C</h3><dl><dt>ch-email .fetchmailrc</dt><dd><dl><dt>global options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-
email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">Global Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>chage command</dt><dd><dl><dt>forcing password expiration with, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Configuration File Changes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></dt><dt>CPU usage, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html">Viewing CPU Usage</a></dt><dt>cron, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Cron and Anacron</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>cron configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt><dt>user-defined tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_Syst
em_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> crontab , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt><dt>CUPS (see Printer Configuration)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>D</h3><dl><dt>df, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>directory server (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>Additional Resources, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuring DNF and DNF repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html">Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</a></dt><dt>displaying packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf info, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>displaying packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf info, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Disp
laying_Package_Information.html">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DNF repositories</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring DNF and DNF repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html">Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installing a package group with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing.html">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>installing with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing.html">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>listing packages from a single repository with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf repository-packages, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf group list, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list all, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.
html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list available, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list installed, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf repolist, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>Glob expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>packages and package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">Packages and Package Groups</a></dt><dt>repository, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html">Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</a></dt><dt>searching for packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href
="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>setting [main] options, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html#sec-Setting_main_Options">Setting [main] Options</a></dt><dt>setting [repository] options, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html">Setting [repository] Options</a></dt><dt>uninstalling packages with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf remove package_name, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>variables, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_DNF_Variables.html">Using DNF Variables</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DNF Updates</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking for updates, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Checking_For_Updates">Checking For Updates</a></dt><dt>updating a single package, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages<
/a></dt><dt>updating all packages and dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>documentation</dt><dd><dl><dt>finding installed, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>drivers (see kernel module)</dt><dt>du, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html">Using the du Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>E</h3><dl><dt>ECDSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>email</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-e
mail-additional-resources.html#s2-email-installed-docs">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>related books, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-related-books.html">Related Books</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Fetchmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html">Fetchmail</a></dt><dt>mail server</dt><dd><dl><dt>Dovecot, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s3-mail-server-dovecot">Dovecot</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">Postfix</a></dt><dt>Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mda.html">Mail Delivery Agents</a></dt><dt>program classifications, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-types.html">Email Program Classifications</a></dt><dt>protocols, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s1-email-protocols">Email Protocols</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>IMAP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Ser
vers.html#s3-email-protocols-imap">IMAP</a></dt><dt>POP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s3-email-protocols-pop">POP</a></dt><dt>SMTP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s3-email-protocols-smtp">SMTP</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>security, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">Securing Communication</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>clients, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mua.html#s3-email-security-clients">Secure Email Clients</a></dt><dt>servers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mua.html#s3-email-security-servers">Securing Email Client Communications</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">Sendmail</a></dt><dt>spam</dt><dd><dl><dt>filtering out, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>types</dt><dd><dl><dt>Mail Delivery Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-types-mda.html">Mail Delivery Agent</a></dt><dt>Mail T
ransport Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-types.html#s2-email-types-mta">Mail Transport Agent</a></dt><dt>Mail User Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-types-mua.html">Mail User Agent</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>expiration of password, forcing, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>F</h3><dl><dt>Fedora installation media</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>feedback</dt><dd><dl><dt>contact information for this manual, <a class="indexterm" href="pr01s04.html">We Need Feedback!</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Fetchmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html">Fetchmail</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>command options, <a class="indexterm" href="s
2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands">Fetchmail Command Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>informational, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info">Informational or Debugging Options</a></dt><dt>special, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special">Special Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">Fetchmail Configuration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>global options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">Global Options</a></dt><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">Server Options</a></dt><dt>user options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">User Options</a></dt></
dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>file systems, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html">Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></dt><dt>findmnt, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html">Using the findmnt Command</a></dt><dt>free, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">Using the free Command</a></dt><dt>FTP, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html">FTP</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also vsftpd )</dt><dt>active mode, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>command port, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>data port, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html">FTP</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s2-ftp-protocol">The Fi
le Transfer Protocol</a></dt><dt>passive mode, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>server software</dt><dd><dl><dt> Red Hat Content Accelerator , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-servers.html">FTP Servers</a></dt><dt> vsftpd , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-servers.html">FTP Servers</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>G</h3><dl><dt>gnome-system-log (see System Log)</dt><dt>gnome-system-monitor, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">Using the System Monitor Tool</a></dt><dt>GnuPG</dt><dd>
<dl><dt>checking RPM package signatures, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Checking Package Signatures</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>group configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>groupadd, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>viewing list of groups, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-configui.html">Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>groups (see group configuration)</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GID, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>shared directories, <a class="indexterm" href
="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">Creating Group Directories</a></dt><dt>tools for management of</dt><dd><dl><dt>groupadd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>user private, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GRUB 2</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring GRUB 2, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html">Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>customizing GRUB 2, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html">Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>reinstalling GRUB 2, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html">Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GRUB 2 boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>configu
ration file, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GUI, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html">Opening Graphical Applications</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>H</h3><dl><dt>hardware</dt><dd><dl><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">Viewing Hardware Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>HTTP server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>httpd (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>I</h3><dl><dt>information</dt><dd><dl><dt>about your system, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html">System Monitoring Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>initial RAM disk image</dt><dd><dl><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image
.html">Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>IBM eServer System i, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html">Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>initial RPM repositories</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>insmod, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>installing the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>K</h3><dl><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>downloading, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-download.html">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dt>installing kernel packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt
>kernel packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt><dt>package, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>performing kernel upgrade, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html">Performing the Upgrade</a></dt><dt>RPM package, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>upgrade kernel available, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-download.html">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Security Advisories, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-download.html">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dt>via Fedora Update System, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-download.html">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading</dt><dd><dl><dt>preparing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">Preparing to Upgra
de</a></dt><dt>working boot media, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel module</dt><dd><dl><dt>definition, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html">Working with Kernel Modules</a></dt><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/modules-load.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">Persistent Module Loading</a></dt><dt> /lib/modules/kernel_version/kernel/drivers/ , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>/proc/modules, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing</dt><dd><dl><dt>currently loaded modules, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_
with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dt>module information, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>loading</dt><dd><dl><dt>at the boot time, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">Persistent Module Loading</a></dt><dt>for the current session, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>module parameters</dt><dd><dl><dt>supplying, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html">Setting Module Parameters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>unloading, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dt>utilities</dt><dd><dl><dt>insmod, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a></dt><dt>lsmod, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Lo
aded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dt>modinfo, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt><dt>modprobe, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dt>rmmod, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>kernel package</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-devel</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel headers and makefiles, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-headers</dt><dd><dl><dt>C header files files, <a class="indexterm" hr
ef="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>linux-firmware</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>perf</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>kernel upgrading</dt><dd><dl><dt>preparing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>keyboard configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html">System Locale and Keyboard Configuration</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>layout, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html">Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>L</h3><dl><dt>LDAP (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>localectl (s
ee keyboard configuration)</dt><dt>log files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also System Log)</dt><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dt>locating, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-logfiles-examining.html">Monitoring Log Files</a></dt><dt>rotating, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>rsyslogd daemon, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html#s2-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>logrotate, <a class="indexterm" href
="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>lsblk, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">Using the lsblk Command</a></dt><dt>lscpu, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html">Using the lscpu Command</a></dt><dt>lsmod, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>lspci, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">Using the lspci Command</a></dt><dt>lspcmcia, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html">Using the lspcmcia Command</a></dt><dt>lsusb, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html">Using the lsusb Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>M</h3><dl><dt>Mail Delivery Agent (see email)</dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent (see email) (see M
TA)</dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent Switcher, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>Mail User Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a> (see email)</dt><dt>MDA (see Mail Delivery Agent)</dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>modinfo, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>modprobe, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>module (see kernel module)</dt><dt>module parameters (see kernel module)</dt><dt>MTA (see Mail Transport Agent)</dt><dd><dl><dt>setting default, <a class=
"indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>switching with Mail Transport Agent Switcher, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>MUA, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a> (see Mail User Agent)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>N</h3><dl><dt>net program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>nmblookup program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>O</h3><dl><dt>opannotate (see OProfile)</dt><dt>opcontrol (see OProfile)</dt><dt>OpenLDAP</dt><dd><dl><dt>backends, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-loading_modules_or_backends">Loading Modules and
Backends</a></dt><dt>checking status, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-running-status">Verifying the Service Status</a></dt><dt>client applications, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-packages-applications">Overview of Common LDAP Client Applications</a></dt><dt>configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>database, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>global, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>overview, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-setup">OpenLDAP Server Setup</a></dt><dt>TLS, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-establishing_a_secure_connection">Establishing a Secure Connection</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-setting_up_replication">Setting Up Replication</a>,
<a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-loading_modules_or_backends">Loading Modules and Backends</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directives</dt><dd><dl><dt>olcAllows, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcConnMaxPending, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcConnMaxPendingAuth, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcDisallows, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcIdleTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcLogFile, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Cha
nging the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcReadOnly, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcReferral, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcRootDN, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcRootPW, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcSuffix, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcWriteTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/o
penldap/slapd.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-setting_up_replication">Setting Up Replication</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-loading_modules_or_backends">Loading Modules and Backends</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/cn=schema/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Extending Schema</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-features">OpenLDAP Features</a></dt><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/openldap/ldap.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-establishing_a_secure_connection">Establishing a Secure Connection</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config.ldif, <a class="indext
erm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-establishing_a_secure_connection">Establishing a Secure Connection</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}bdb.ldif, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installation, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></dt><dt>migrating authentication information, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-migrationtools">Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format</a></dt><dt>modules, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-loading_modules_or_backends">Loading Modules and Backends</a></dt><dt>packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">Insta
lling the OpenLDAP Suite</a></dt><dt>replication, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-setting_up_replication">Setting Up Replication</a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-running-restarting">Restarting the Service</a></dt><dt>running, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-running-starting">Starting the Service</a></dt><dt>schema, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Extending Schema</a></dt><dt>security, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-establishing_a_secure_connection">Establishing a Secure Connection</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-running-stopping">Stopping the Service</a></dt><dt>terminology</dt><dd><dl><dt>attribute, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt><dt>entry, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory
_Servers.html#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt><dt> LDIF , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>utilities, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers">Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients">Overview of OpenLDAP Client Utilities</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>OpenSSH, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html">OpenSSH</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">Main Features</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also SSH)</dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>client, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-clients.html">OpenSSH Clients</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>scp, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">Using the scp Utility</a></dt><dt>sftp, <a class="indexterm" h
ref="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html">Using the sftp Utility</a></dt><dt>ssh, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-clients.html#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">Using the ssh Utility</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>ECDSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>server, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>ssh-agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-key
pairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt>ssh-keygen</dt><dd><dl><dt>ECDSA, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt><dt>RSA, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>using key-based authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html">Using Key-based Authentication</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>OpenSSL</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>SSL (see SSL)</dt><dt>TLS (see TLS)</dt></dl></dd><dt>ophelp, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt><dt>opreport (see OProfile)</dt><dt>OProfile, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OProfile.html">OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>/dev/oprofile/, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-dev-
oprofile.html">Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>separating profiles, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>events</dt><dd><dl><dt>sampling rate, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html#s3-oprofile-events-sampling">Sampling Rate</a></dt><dt>setting, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Java, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html">OProfile Support for Java</a></dt><dt>monitoring the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt><dt> opannotate , <a class="indexter
m" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html">Using opannotate</a></dt><dt>opcontrol, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> --no-vmlinux , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt><dt> --start , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dt>--vmlinux=, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ophelp , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt><dt> opreport , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">Using opreport</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html">Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>on a single executable, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprof
ile-reading-opreport-single.html">Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> oprofiled , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>log file, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>overview of tools, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OProfile.html#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">Overview of Tools</a></dt><dt>reading data, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html">Analyzing the Data</a></dt><dt>saving data, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">Saving Data in Legacy Mode</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dt>SystemTap, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html">OProfile and SystemTap</a></dt><dt>unit mask, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.ht
ml#s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks">Unit Masks</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>oprofiled (see OProfile)</dt><dt>oprof_start, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html">Graphical Interface</a></dt><dt>OS/400 boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>P</h3><dl><dt>package</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</a></dt><dt>determining file ownership with, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>displa
ying packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf info, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>displaying packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf info, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DNF instead of RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html">RPM</a></dt><dt>Fedora installation media, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>finding deleted files from, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>finding Fedora RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>initial RPM repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>installing a package group with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-In
stalling.html">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>installing RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt><dt>installing with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing.html">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-devel</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel headers and makefiles, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-headers</dt><dd><dl><dt>C header files files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>linux-firmware</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1
-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing packages from a single repository with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf repository-packages, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf group list, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list all, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list available, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list installed, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf repolist, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt> Glob expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt></
dl></dd><dt>locating documentation for, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>obtaining list of files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>packages and package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">Packages and Package Groups</a></dt><dt>perf</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>querying uninstalled, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>removing, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Uninstalling Packages</a></dt><dt>RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html">RPM</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>already installed, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-errors">Replacing Already-Installed Packages</a></dt><dt>configuration
file changes, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Changes in Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>conflict, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Resolving File Conflicts</a></dt><dt>failed dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</a></dt><dt>freshening, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html">Freshening Packages</a></dt><dt>pristine sources, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>querying, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-querying.html">Querying Packages</a></dt><dt>removing, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Uninstalling Packages</a></dt><dt>source and binary packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html">RPM</a></dt><dt>tips, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>uninstalling, <
a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Uninstalling Packages</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html">Verifying Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching for packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>uninstalling packages with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf remove package_name, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>partx, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesyste
ms-partx.html">Using the partx Command</a></dt><dt>password</dt><dd><dl><dt>aging, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt><dt>expire, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>passwords</dt><dd><dl><dt>shadow, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Shadow Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>pdbedit program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>Postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">Postfix</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>default installation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mta.html#s3-email-mta-postfix-default">The Default Postfix Installation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>Pr
inter Configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>CUPS, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html">Printer Configuration</a></dt><dt>IPP Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html">Adding an IPP Printer</a></dt><dt>LDP/LPR Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html">Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></dt><dt>Local Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html">Adding a Local Printer</a></dt><dt>New Printer, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html">Starting Printer Setup</a></dt><dt>Print Jobs, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-edit.html#s1-printing-managing">Managing Print Jobs</a></dt><dt>Samba Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></dt><dt>Settings, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-edit.html#idm263482396192">The Settings Page</a></dt><dt>Sharing Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-edit.html#sec-Sharing_
Printers">Sharing Printers</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>printers (see Printer Configuration)</dt><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">Viewing System Processes</a></dt><dt>Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mda.html">Mail Delivery Agents</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">Procmail Configuration</a></dt><dt>recipes, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html">Procmail Recipes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>delivering, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</a></dt><dt>examples, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples">Recipe Examples</a></dt><dt>flags, <a class="inde
xterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags">Flags</a></dt><dt>local lockfiles, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile">Specifying a Local Lockfile</a></dt><dt>non-delivering, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</a></dt><dt>SpamAssassin, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt><dt>special actions, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Special Conditions and Actions</a></dt><dt>special conditions, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Special Conditions and Actions</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>ps, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">Using the ps Command</a></dt></dl></div><
div class="indexdiv"><h3>R</h3><dl><dt>RAM, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>rcp, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">Using the scp Utility</a></dt><dt>rmmod, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>rpcclient program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html">RPM</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>already installed, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-errors">Replacing Already-Installed Packages</a></dt><dt>basic modes, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html">Using RPM</a></dt><dt>checking package signatures, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.h
tml">Checking Package Signatures</a></dt><dt>configuration file changes, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Changes in Configuration Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>conf.rpmsave, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Changes in Configuration Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>conflicts, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Resolving File Conflicts</a></dt><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</a></dt><dt>design goals, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>powerful querying, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>system verification, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>upgradability, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1
-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>determining file ownership with, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>documentation with, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>failed dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</a></dt><dt>file conflicts</dt><dd><dl><dt>resolving, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Resolving File Conflicts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>file name, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt><dt>finding and verifying RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html">Finding and Verifying RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>finding deleted files with, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><d
t>finding Fedora RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>freshening, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html">Freshening Packages</a></dt><dt>GnuPG, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Checking Package Signatures</a></dt><dt>installing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt><dt>online documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>querying, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-querying.html">Querying Packages</a></dt><dt>querying for file list, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>querying uninstalled packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>see also, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html">Additional
Resources</a></dt><dt>tips, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>uninstalling, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Uninstalling Packages</a></dt><dt>upgrading, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt><dt>verification, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html">Verifying Packages</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html">Verifying Packages</a></dt><dt>website, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RPM Package Manager (see RPM)</dt><dt>RSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>rsyslog, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a
></dt><dd><dl><dt>actions, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-Actions.html">Actions</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html">Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</a></dt><dt>debugging, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-debugging_rsyslog.html">Debugging Rsyslog</a></dt><dt>filters, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html#s2-Filters">Filters</a></dt><dt>global directives, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-global_directives.html">Global Directives</a></dt><dt>log rotation, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-log_rotation.html">Log Rotation</a></dt><dt>modules, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html">Using Rsyslog Modules</a></dt><dt>new configuration format, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html">Using the New Configuration Format</a></dt><dt>queues, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html">Working with Queues in Rsyslog</a></dt><dt>rulesets, <a cla
ss="indexterm" href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html#sec-Rulesets">Rulesets</a></dt><dt>templates, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-Templates.html">Templates</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>S</h3><dl><dt>Samba (see Samba)</dt><dd><dl><dt>Abilities, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">Introduction to Samba</a></dt><dt>Account Information Databases, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>ldapsam, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>ldapsam_compat, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>mysqlsam, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-S
amba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Plain Text, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>smbpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>tdbsam, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>xmlsam, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Additional Resources, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Resources">Additional Resou
rces</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Backward Compatible Database Back Ends, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Network_Browsing">Samba Network Browsing</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">Configuring a Samba Server</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Command-Line-Configuration">Command-Line Configuration</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>default, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">Configuring a Samba Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>CUPS Printing Support, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_S
ervers.html#sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support">Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>CUPS smb.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-CUPS-smb.conf">Simple smb.conf Settings</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>daemon</dt><dd><dl><dt>nmbd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt><dt>overview, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt><dt>smbd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt><dt>winbindd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>encrypted passwords, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-
Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt><dt>graphical configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-GUI_Configuration">Graphical Configuration</a></dt><dt>Introduction, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">Introduction to Samba</a></dt><dt>Network Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Network_Browsing">Samba Network Browsing</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Domain Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Domain-Browsing">Domain Browsing</a></dt><dt>WINS, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-WINS">WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>New Database Back Ends, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Programs, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Se
rvers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>net, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>nmblookup, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>pdbedit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>rpcclient, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbcacls, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbclient, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbcontrol, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_
and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbspool, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbstatus, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbtar, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>testparm, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>wbinfo, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Reference, <a class="indexterm"
href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba">Samba</a></dt><dt>Samba Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></dt><dt>Security Modes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Security_Modes">Samba Security Modes</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level">User-Level Security</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Active Directory Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level">User-Level Security</a></dt><dt>Domain Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level">User-Level Security</a></dt><dt>Share-Level Security, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-Share_Level">Share-Level Security</a></dt><dt>User Level Security, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect
-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level">User-Level Security</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Server Types, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File</a></dt><dt>server types</dt><dd><dl><dt>Domain Controller, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Domain_Controller">Domain Controller</a></dt><dt>Domain Member, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Domain_Member_Server">Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>Stand Alone, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>service</dt><dd><dl><dt>conditional restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>reloading, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting an
d Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>share</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to via the command line, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>connecting to with Nautilus, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>mounting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share">Mounting the Share</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>smb.conf, <a class=
"indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Active Directory Member Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Domain_Member_Server">Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Print Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Read Only example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Read/Write example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt><dt>NT4-style Domain Member example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Domain_Member_Server">Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>PDC using Active Directory, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_
and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Domain_Controller">Domain Controller</a></dt><dt>PDC using tdbsam, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Domain_Controller">Domain Controller</a></dt><dt>Secure File and Print Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>smbclient, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>WINS, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-WINS">WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</a></dt><dt>with Windows NT 4.0, 2000, ME, and XP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>scp (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>Sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">Sendmail</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="in
dexterm" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>aliases, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">Masquerading</a></dt><dt>common configuration changes, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</a></dt><dt>default installation, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-default">The Default Sendmail Installation</a></dt><dt>LDAP and, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap">Using Sendmail with LDAP</a></dt><dt>limitations, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">Purpose and Limitations</a></dt><dt>masquerading, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">Masquerading</a></dt><dt>purpose, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#
s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">Purpose and Limitations</a></dt><dt>spam, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam">Stopping Spam</a></dt><dt>with UUCP, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>services configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Services and Daemons</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> ssystemctl , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-services-running.html">Running Services</a></dt><dt> systemctl , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s1-services-configuring">Configuring Services</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>sftp (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>shadow passwords</dt><dd><dl><dt>overview of, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Shadow P
asswords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>slapd (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>smbcacls program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbclient, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>smbclient program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbcontrol program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbpasswd program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbspool program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbstatus program, <a clas
s="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbtar program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>SpamAssassin</dt><dd><dl><dt>using with Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>ssh (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>SSH protocol</dt><dd><dl><dt>authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-protocol-authentication">Authentication</a></dt><dt>configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>system-wide configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>user-specific configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s
2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>connection sequence, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-conn">Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></dt><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">Main Features</a></dt><dt>insecure protocols, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></dt><dt>layers</dt><dd><dl><dt>channels, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-protocol-connection">Channels</a></dt><dt>transport layer, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport">Transport Layer</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>port forwarding, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html">Port Forwarding</a></dt><dt>requiring for remote login, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></dt><dt>security risks, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh
-why">Why Use SSH?</a></dt><dt>version 1, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-versions">Protocol Versions</a></dt><dt>version 2, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-versions">Protocol Versions</a></dt><dt>X11 forwarding, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">X11 Forwarding</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>ssh-agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt>SSL, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>SSL server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>stunnel, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mua.html#s3-email-security-servers">Securing Email Client Communications</a></dt><dt>system analysis</dt><dd><dl><dt>OProfile (see OProfile)</dt></dl></dd><dt>system information</dt><dd><dl><dt>cpu usage, <a class="indexterm" href=
"s1-sysinfo-cpu.html">Viewing CPU Usage</a></dt><dt>file systems, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html">Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>/dev/shm, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/run, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/sys/fs/cgroup, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>gathering, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html">System Monitoring Tools</a></dt><dt>hardware, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">Viewing Hardware Information</a></dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">Viewing System Processes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>currently running, <a class="in
dexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">Using the top Command</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>System Log</dt><dd><dl><dt>filtering, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html#s2-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt><dt>monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-logfiles-examining.html">Monitoring Log Files</a></dt><dt>refresh rate, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html#s2-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt><dt>searching, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html#s2-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>System Monitor, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href
="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">Using the System Monitor Tool</a></dt><dt> systemctl (see services configuration)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>T</h3><dl><dt>testparm program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>the Users settings tool (see user configuration)</dt><dt>TLS, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>top, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">Using the top Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>U</h3><dl><dt>user configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>command line configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>chage, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.h
tml">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt><dt>passwd, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt><dt>useradd, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>password</dt><dd><dl><dt>forcing expiration of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>viewing list of users, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-configui.html">Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>user private groups (see groups)</dt><dd><dl><dt>and shared directories, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">Creating Group Directories</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>useradd command</dt><dd><dl><dt>user account creation using, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>users (see user configuration)</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional
resources, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>tools for management of</dt><dd><dl><dt>the Users setting tool, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt><dt>useradd, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>UID, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>V</h3><dl><dt>virtual host (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt> vsftpd , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-servers.html">FTP Servers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also FTP)</dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s2
-ftp-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-resources.html#s3-ftp-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-resources.html#s3-ftp-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>condrestart, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>configuration file</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"> vsftpd Configuration Options</a></dt><dt>access controls, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">Log In Options and Access Controls</a></dt><dt>anonymous user options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon">Anonymous User Options</a></dt><dt>daemon options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon">Daemon Opti
ons</a></dt><dt>directory options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir">Directory Options</a></dt><dt>file transfer options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file">File Transfer Options</a></dt><dt>format of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"> vsftpd Configuration Options</a></dt><dt>local user options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr">Local User Options</a></dt><dt>logging options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log">Logging Options</a></dt><dt>login options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">Log In Options and Access Controls</a></dt><dt>network options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net">Network Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>multihome configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.
html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd </a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>RPM</dt><dd><dl><dt>files installed by, <a class="indexterm" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">Files Installed with vsftpd </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>security features, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-servers.html">FTP Servers</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>starting multiple copies of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd </a></dt><dt>status, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>W</h3><dl><dt>wbinfo program, <a class="indexterm" href=
"ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>web server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>Windows 2000</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows 98</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows ME</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows NT 4.0</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows XP</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba,
<a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>X</h3><dl><dt>X.500 (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>X.500 Lite (see OpenLDAP)</dt></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="app-Revision_History.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Appendix B. Revision History</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li></ul></body></html>
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av"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="app-Revision_History.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"></li></ul><div class="index" id="idm225494110880"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Index</h1></div></div></div><div class="index"><div class="indexdiv"><h3>Symbols</h3><dl><dt>.fetchmailrc, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">Fetchmail Configuration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">Server Options</a></dt><dt>user options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">User Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>.htaccess, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>.htpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-
Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>.procmailrc, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">Procmail Configuration</a></dt><dt>/dev/oprofile/, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></dt><dt>/dev/shm, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/run, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/sys/fs/cgroup, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt> /var/spool/anacron , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt> /var/spool/cron , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></d
t></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3></h3><dl><dt> (see OProfile)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>A</h3><dl><dt>adding</dt><dd><dl><dt>group, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>user, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>anacron, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Cron and Anacron</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>anacron configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt>user-defined tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> anacrontab , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt>Apache HTTP Server</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional re
sources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>checking configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>checking status, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-status">Verifying the Service Status</a></dt><dt>directives</dt><dd><dl><dt><Directory>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><IfDefine>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><IfModule&g
t;, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><Location>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><Proxy>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><VirtualHost>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AccessFileName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Action, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddDescription, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddEncoding, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Serv
ers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddHandler, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIcon, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIconByEncoding, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIconByType, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddLanguage, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddType, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Alias, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Direct
ives</a></dt><dt>Allow, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AllowOverride, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>BrowserMatch, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheDefaultExpire, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheDisable, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheEnable, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheLastModifiedFactor, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheMaxExpire, <a class
="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheNegotiatedDocs, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CustomLog, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DefaultIcon, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DefaultType, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Deny, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DirectoryIndex, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf
-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DocumentRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ErrorDocument, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ErrorLog, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ExtendedStatus, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Group, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>HeaderName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>HostnameLookups, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Incl
ude, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>IndexIgnore, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>IndexOptions, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>KeepAlive, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>KeepAliveTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LanguagePriority, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Listen, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LoadModule, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-
apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LogFormat, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LogLevel, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxClients, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxKeepAliveRequests, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxSpareServers, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxSpareThreads, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MinSpareServers, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Pr
ocessing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MinSpareThreads, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>NameVirtualHost, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Options, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Order, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>PidFile, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ProxyRequests, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ReadmeName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Redirect, <a class="i
ndexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ScriptAlias, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerAdmin, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerSignature, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerTokens, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>SetEnvIf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-sslconf-comm
on">Common ssl.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>StartServers, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>SuexecUserGroup, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ThreadsPerChild, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>Timeout, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>TypesConfig, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>UseCanonicalName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>User, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>UserDi
r, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/httpd/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/usr/lib/httpd/modules/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">Working with Modules</a></dt><dt>/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">Working with Modu
les</a></dt><dt>/var/cache/mod_proxy/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/cgi-bin/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/html/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/icons/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>~/public_html/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>.htaccess, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>.htpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives<
/a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-sslconf-common">Common ssl.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-enabling">Enabling the mod_ssl Module</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/logs/access_log, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/logs/error_log, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/run/httpd.pid, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers
.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/mime.types, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>modules</dt><dd><dl><dt>developing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-dso-writing">Writing a Module</a></dt><dt>loading, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-dso-loading">Loading a Module</a></dt><dt>mod_rewrite, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>mod_ssl, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dt>mod_userdir, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">Updating the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-restarting">Restarting the Service</a></dt><dt>SSL server</
dt><dd><dl><dt>certificate, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">Using an Existing Key and Certificate</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">Generating a New Key and Certificate</a></dt><dt>certificate authority, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a></dt><dt>private key, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">Using an Existing Key and Certificate</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">Generating a New Key and Certificate</a></dt><dt>public key, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apa
che-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-starting">Starting the Service</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-stopping">Stopping the Service</a></dt><dt>version 2.4</dt><dd><dl><dt>changes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>updating from version 2.2, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">Updating the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>virtual host, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-virtualhosts">Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> at , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">At and Batch</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Automated Tasks, <a cl
ass="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html">Automating System Tasks</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>B</h3><dl><dt> batch , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">At and Batch</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>blkid, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html">Using the blkid Command</a></dt><dt>boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>GRUB 2 boot loader, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html">Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html">Verifying the Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>boot media, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>C</h3><dl><dt>ch-email .fetchmailrc</dt><dd><dl><dt>global options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-
mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">Global Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>chage command</dt><dd><dl><dt>forcing password expiration with, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Configuration File Changes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></dt><dt>CPU usage, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html">Viewing CPU Usage</a></dt><dt>cron, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Cron and Anacron</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>cron configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt><dt>user-defined tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tas
ks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> crontab , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt><dt>CUPS (see Printer Configuration)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>D</h3><dl><dt>df, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>directory server (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>Additional Resources, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuring DNF and DNF repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html">Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</a></dt><dt>displaying packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf info, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>displaying packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf info, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying
_Package_Information.html">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DNF repositories</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring DNF and DNF repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html">Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installing a package group with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing.html">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>installing with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing.html">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>listing packages from a single repository with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf repository-packages, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf group list, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list all, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">
Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list available, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list installed, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf repolist, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>Glob expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>packages and package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">Packages and Package Groups</a></dt><dt>repository, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html">Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</a></dt><dt>searching for packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-
Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>setting [main] options, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html#sec-Setting_main_Options">Setting [main] Options</a></dt><dt>setting [repository] options, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html">Setting [repository] Options</a></dt><dt>uninstalling packages with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf remove package_name, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>variables, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_DNF_Variables.html">Using DNF Variables</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DNF Updates</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking for updates, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Checking_For_Updates">Checking For Updates</a></dt><dt>updating a single package, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></d
t><dt>updating all packages and dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>documentation</dt><dd><dl><dt>finding installed, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>drivers (see kernel module)</dt><dt>du, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html">Using the du Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>E</h3><dl><dt>ECDSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>email</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-a
dditional-resources.html#s2-email-installed-docs">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>related books, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-related-books.html">Related Books</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Fetchmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html">Fetchmail</a></dt><dt>mail server</dt><dd><dl><dt>Dovecot, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s3-mail-server-dovecot">Dovecot</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">Postfix</a></dt><dt>Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mda.html">Mail Delivery Agents</a></dt><dt>program classifications, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-types.html">Email Program Classifications</a></dt><dt>protocols, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s1-email-protocols">Email Protocols</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>IMAP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.h
tml#s3-email-protocols-imap">IMAP</a></dt><dt>POP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s3-email-protocols-pop">POP</a></dt><dt>SMTP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s3-email-protocols-smtp">SMTP</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>security, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">Securing Communication</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>clients, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mua.html#s3-email-security-clients">Secure Email Clients</a></dt><dt>servers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mua.html#s3-email-security-servers">Securing Email Client Communications</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">Sendmail</a></dt><dt>spam</dt><dd><dl><dt>filtering out, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>types</dt><dd><dl><dt>Mail Delivery Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-types-mda.html">Mail Delivery Agent</a></dt><dt>Mail Transpo
rt Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-types.html#s2-email-types-mta">Mail Transport Agent</a></dt><dt>Mail User Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-types-mua.html">Mail User Agent</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>expiration of password, forcing, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>F</h3><dl><dt>Fedora installation media</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>feedback</dt><dd><dl><dt>contact information for this manual, <a class="indexterm" href="pr01s04.html">We Need Feedback!</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Fetchmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html">Fetchmail</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>command options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-emai
l-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands">Fetchmail Command Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>informational, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info">Informational or Debugging Options</a></dt><dt>special, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special">Special Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">Fetchmail Configuration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>global options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">Global Options</a></dt><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">Server Options</a></dt><dt>user options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">User Options</a></dt></dl></d
d></dl></dd><dt>file systems, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html">Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></dt><dt>findmnt, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html">Using the findmnt Command</a></dt><dt>free, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">Using the free Command</a></dt><dt>FTP, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html">FTP</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also vsftpd )</dt><dt>active mode, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>command port, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>data port, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html">FTP</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s2-ftp-protocol">The File Tra
nsfer Protocol</a></dt><dt>passive mode, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>server software</dt><dd><dl><dt> Red Hat Content Accelerator , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-servers.html">FTP Servers</a></dt><dt> vsftpd , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-servers.html">FTP Servers</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>G</h3><dl><dt>gnome-system-log (see System Log)</dt><dt>gnome-system-monitor, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">Using the System Monitor Tool</a></dt><dt>GnuPG</dt><dd><dl><d
t>checking RPM package signatures, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Checking Package Signatures</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>group configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>groupadd, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>viewing list of groups, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-configui.html">Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>groups (see group configuration)</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GID, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>shared directories, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-u
sers-tools-groups-directories.html">Creating Group Directories</a></dt><dt>tools for management of</dt><dd><dl><dt>groupadd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>user private, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GRUB 2</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring GRUB 2, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html">Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>customizing GRUB 2, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html">Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>reinstalling GRUB 2, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html">Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GRUB 2 boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration
file, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GUI, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html">Opening Graphical Applications</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>H</h3><dl><dt>hardware</dt><dd><dl><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">Viewing Hardware Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>HTTP server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>httpd (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>I</h3><dl><dt>information</dt><dd><dl><dt>about your system, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html">System Monitoring Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>initial RAM disk image</dt><dd><dl><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html"
>Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>IBM eServer System i, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html">Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>initial RPM repositories</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>insmod, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>installing the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>K</h3><dl><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>downloading, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-download.html">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dt>installing kernel packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>kerne
l packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt><dt>package, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>performing kernel upgrade, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html">Performing the Upgrade</a></dt><dt>RPM package, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>upgrade kernel available, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-download.html">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Security Advisories, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-download.html">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dt>via Fedora Update System, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-download.html">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading</dt><dd><dl><dt>preparing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">Preparing to Upgrade</a>
</dt><dt>working boot media, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel module</dt><dd><dl><dt>definition, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html">Working with Kernel Modules</a></dt><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/modules-load.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">Persistent Module Loading</a></dt><dt> /lib/modules/kernel_version/kernel/drivers/ , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>/proc/modules, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing</dt><dd><dl><dt>currently loaded modules, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_K
ernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dt>module information, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>loading</dt><dd><dl><dt>at the boot time, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">Persistent Module Loading</a></dt><dt>for the current session, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>module parameters</dt><dd><dl><dt>supplying, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html">Setting Module Parameters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>unloading, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dt>utilities</dt><dd><dl><dt>insmod, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a></dt><dt>lsmod, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_M
odules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dt>modinfo, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt><dt>modprobe, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dt>rmmod, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>kernel package</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-devel</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel headers and makefiles, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-headers</dt><dd><dl><dt>C header files files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch
-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>linux-firmware</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>perf</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>kernel upgrading</dt><dd><dl><dt>preparing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>keyboard configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html">System Locale and Keyboard Configuration</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>layout, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html">Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>L</h3><dl><dt>LDAP (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>localectl (see key
board configuration)</dt><dt>log files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also System Log)</dt><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dt>locating, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-logfiles-examining.html">Monitoring Log Files</a></dt><dt>rotating, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>rsyslogd daemon, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html#s2-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>logrotate, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-V
iewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>lsblk, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">Using the lsblk Command</a></dt><dt>lscpu, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html">Using the lscpu Command</a></dt><dt>lsmod, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>lspci, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">Using the lspci Command</a></dt><dt>lspcmcia, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html">Using the lspcmcia Command</a></dt><dt>lsusb, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html">Using the lsusb Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>M</h3><dl><dt>Mail Delivery Agent (see email)</dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent (see email) (see MTA)</d
t><dt>Mail Transport Agent Switcher, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>Mail User Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a> (see email)</dt><dt>MDA (see Mail Delivery Agent)</dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>modinfo, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>modprobe, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>module (see kernel module)</dt><dt>module parameters (see kernel module)</dt><dt>MTA (see Mail Transport Agent)</dt><dd><dl><dt>setting default, <a class="index
term" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>switching with Mail Transport Agent Switcher, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>MUA, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a> (see Mail User Agent)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>N</h3><dl><dt>net program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>nmblookup program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>O</h3><dl><dt>opannotate (see OProfile)</dt><dt>opcontrol (see OProfile)</dt><dt>OpenLDAP</dt><dd><dl><dt>backends, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-loading_modules_or_backends">Loading Modules and Backen
ds</a></dt><dt>checking status, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-running-status">Verifying the Service Status</a></dt><dt>client applications, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-packages-applications">Overview of Common LDAP Client Applications</a></dt><dt>configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>database, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>global, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>overview, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-setup">OpenLDAP Server Setup</a></dt><dt>TLS, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-establishing_a_secure_connection">Establishing a Secure Connection</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-setting_up_replication">Setting Up Replication</a>, <a cla
ss="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-loading_modules_or_backends">Loading Modules and Backends</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directives</dt><dd><dl><dt>olcAllows, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcConnMaxPending, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcConnMaxPendingAuth, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcDisallows, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcIdleTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcLogFile, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing
the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcReadOnly, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcReferral, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcRootDN, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcRootPW, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcSuffix, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcWriteTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/openlda
p/slapd.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-setting_up_replication">Setting Up Replication</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-loading_modules_or_backends">Loading Modules and Backends</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/cn=schema/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Extending Schema</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-features">OpenLDAP Features</a></dt><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/openldap/ldap.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-establishing_a_secure_connection">Establishing a Secure Connection</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config.ldif, <a class="indexterm" h
ref="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-establishing_a_secure_connection">Establishing a Secure Connection</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}bdb.ldif, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installation, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></dt><dt>migrating authentication information, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-migrationtools">Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format</a></dt><dt>modules, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-loading_modules_or_backends">Loading Modules and Backends</a></dt><dt>packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">Installing
the OpenLDAP Suite</a></dt><dt>replication, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-setting_up_replication">Setting Up Replication</a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-running-restarting">Restarting the Service</a></dt><dt>running, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-running-starting">Starting the Service</a></dt><dt>schema, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Extending Schema</a></dt><dt>security, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-establishing_a_secure_connection">Establishing a Secure Connection</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-running-stopping">Stopping the Service</a></dt><dt>terminology</dt><dd><dl><dt>attribute, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt><dt>entry, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Serve
rs.html#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt><dt> LDIF , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>utilities, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers">Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients">Overview of OpenLDAP Client Utilities</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>OpenSSH, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html">OpenSSH</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">Main Features</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also SSH)</dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>client, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-clients.html">OpenSSH Clients</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>scp, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">Using the scp Utility</a></dt><dt>sftp, <a class="indexterm" href="s
2-ssh-clients-sftp.html">Using the sftp Utility</a></dt><dt>ssh, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-clients.html#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">Using the ssh Utility</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>ECDSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>server, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>ssh-agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-
agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt>ssh-keygen</dt><dd><dl><dt>ECDSA, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt><dt>RSA, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>using key-based authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html">Using Key-based Authentication</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>OpenSSL</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>SSL (see SSL)</dt><dt>TLS (see TLS)</dt></dl></dd><dt>ophelp, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt><dt>opreport (see OProfile)</dt><dt>OProfile, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OProfile.html">OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>/dev/oprofile/, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofi
le.html">Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>separating profiles, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>events</dt><dd><dl><dt>sampling rate, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html#s3-oprofile-events-sampling">Sampling Rate</a></dt><dt>setting, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Java, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html">OProfile Support for Java</a></dt><dt>monitoring the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt><dt> opannotate , <a class="indexterm" hre
f="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html">Using opannotate</a></dt><dt>opcontrol, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> --no-vmlinux , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt><dt> --start , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dt>--vmlinux=, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ophelp , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt><dt> opreport , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">Using opreport</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html">Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>on a single executable, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-re
ading-opreport-single.html">Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> oprofiled , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>log file, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>overview of tools, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OProfile.html#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">Overview of Tools</a></dt><dt>reading data, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html">Analyzing the Data</a></dt><dt>saving data, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">Saving Data in Legacy Mode</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></dt><dt>SystemTap, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html">OProfile and SystemTap</a></dt><dt>unit mask, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html#s3-
oprofile-events-unit-masks">Unit Masks</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>oprofiled (see OProfile)</dt><dt>oprof_start, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html">Graphical Interface</a></dt><dt>OS/400 boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>P</h3><dl><dt>package</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</a></dt><dt>determining file ownership with, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>displaying p
ackages</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf info, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>displaying packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf info, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DNF instead of RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html">RPM</a></dt><dt>Fedora installation media, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>finding deleted files from, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>finding Fedora RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>initial RPM repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>installing a package group with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installi
ng.html">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>installing RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt><dt>installing with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing.html">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-devel</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel headers and makefiles, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-headers</dt><dd><dl><dt>C header files files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>linux-firmware</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kerne
l-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing packages from a single repository with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf repository-packages, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf group list, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list all, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list available, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf list installed, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf repolist, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt> Glob expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></d
d><dt>locating documentation for, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>obtaining list of files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>packages and package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">Packages and Package Groups</a></dt><dt>perf</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>querying uninstalled, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>removing, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Uninstalling Packages</a></dt><dt>RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html">RPM</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>already installed, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-errors">Replacing Already-Installed Packages</a></dt><dt>configuration file c
hanges, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Changes in Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>conflict, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Resolving File Conflicts</a></dt><dt>failed dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</a></dt><dt>freshening, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html">Freshening Packages</a></dt><dt>pristine sources, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>querying, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-querying.html">Querying Packages</a></dt><dt>removing, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Uninstalling Packages</a></dt><dt>source and binary packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html">RPM</a></dt><dt>tips, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>uninstalling, <a clas
s="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Uninstalling Packages</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html">Verifying Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching for packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching packages with DNF</dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>uninstalling packages with DNF, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>dnf remove package_name, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>partx, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-par
tx.html">Using the partx Command</a></dt><dt>password</dt><dd><dl><dt>aging, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt><dt>expire, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>passwords</dt><dd><dl><dt>shadow, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Shadow Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>pdbedit program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>Postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">Postfix</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>default installation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mta.html#s3-email-mta-postfix-default">The Default Postfix Installation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>Printer
Configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>CUPS, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html">Printer Configuration</a></dt><dt>IPP Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html">Adding an IPP Printer</a></dt><dt>LDP/LPR Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html">Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></dt><dt>Local Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html">Adding a Local Printer</a></dt><dt>New Printer, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html">Starting Printer Setup</a></dt><dt>Print Jobs, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-edit.html#s1-printing-managing">Managing Print Jobs</a></dt><dt>Samba Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></dt><dt>Settings, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-edit.html#idm225467890464">The Settings Page</a></dt><dt>Sharing Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-edit.html#sec-Sharing_Printe
rs">Sharing Printers</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>printers (see Printer Configuration)</dt><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">Viewing System Processes</a></dt><dt>Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mda.html">Mail Delivery Agents</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">Procmail Configuration</a></dt><dt>recipes, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html">Procmail Recipes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>delivering, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</a></dt><dt>examples, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples">Recipe Examples</a></dt><dt>flags, <a class="indexterm"
href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags">Flags</a></dt><dt>local lockfiles, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile">Specifying a Local Lockfile</a></dt><dt>non-delivering, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</a></dt><dt>SpamAssassin, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt><dt>special actions, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Special Conditions and Actions</a></dt><dt>special conditions, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Special Conditions and Actions</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>ps, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">Using the ps Command</a></dt></dl></div><div cl
ass="indexdiv"><h3>R</h3><dl><dt>RAM, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>rcp, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">Using the scp Utility</a></dt><dt>rmmod, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>rpcclient program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html">RPM</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>already installed, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-errors">Replacing Already-Installed Packages</a></dt><dt>basic modes, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html">Using RPM</a></dt><dt>checking package signatures, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">C
hecking Package Signatures</a></dt><dt>configuration file changes, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Changes in Configuration Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>conf.rpmsave, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Changes in Configuration Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>conflicts, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Resolving File Conflicts</a></dt><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</a></dt><dt>design goals, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>powerful querying, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>system verification, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>upgradability, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-d
esign">RPM Design Goals</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>determining file ownership with, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>documentation with, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>failed dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</a></dt><dt>file conflicts</dt><dd><dl><dt>resolving, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Resolving File Conflicts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>file name, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt><dt>finding and verifying RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html">Finding and Verifying RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>finding deleted files with, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>find
ing Fedora RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>freshening, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html">Freshening Packages</a></dt><dt>GnuPG, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Checking Package Signatures</a></dt><dt>installing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt><dt>online documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>querying, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-querying.html">Querying Packages</a></dt><dt>querying for file list, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>querying uninstalled packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>see also, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html">Additional Resou
rces</a></dt><dt>tips, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html">Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>uninstalling, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Uninstalling Packages</a></dt><dt>upgrading, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading Packages</a></dt><dt>verification, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html">Verifying Packages</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html">Verifying Packages</a></dt><dt>website, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RPM Package Manager (see RPM)</dt><dt>RSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>rsyslog, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt>
<dd><dl><dt>actions, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-Actions.html">Actions</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html">Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</a></dt><dt>debugging, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-debugging_rsyslog.html">Debugging Rsyslog</a></dt><dt>filters, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html#s2-Filters">Filters</a></dt><dt>global directives, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-global_directives.html">Global Directives</a></dt><dt>log rotation, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-log_rotation.html">Log Rotation</a></dt><dt>modules, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html">Using Rsyslog Modules</a></dt><dt>new configuration format, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html">Using the New Configuration Format</a></dt><dt>queues, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html">Working with Queues in Rsyslog</a></dt><dt>rulesets, <a class="in
dexterm" href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html#sec-Rulesets">Rulesets</a></dt><dt>templates, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-Templates.html">Templates</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>S</h3><dl><dt>Samba (see Samba)</dt><dd><dl><dt>Abilities, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">Introduction to Samba</a></dt><dt>Account Information Databases, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>ldapsam, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>ldapsam_compat, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>mysqlsam, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-A
ccount_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Plain Text, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>smbpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>tdbsam, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>xmlsam, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Additional Resources, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Resources">Additional Resources</
a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Backward Compatible Database Back Ends, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Network_Browsing">Samba Network Browsing</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">Configuring a Samba Server</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Command-Line-Configuration">Command-Line Configuration</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>default, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">Configuring a Samba Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>CUPS Printing Support, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers
.html#sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support">Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>CUPS smb.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-CUPS-smb.conf">Simple smb.conf Settings</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>daemon</dt><dd><dl><dt>nmbd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt><dt>overview, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt><dt>smbd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt><dt>winbindd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>encrypted passwords, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Encryp
ted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt><dt>graphical configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-GUI_Configuration">Graphical Configuration</a></dt><dt>Introduction, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">Introduction to Samba</a></dt><dt>Network Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Network_Browsing">Samba Network Browsing</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Domain Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Domain-Browsing">Domain Browsing</a></dt><dt>WINS, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-WINS">WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>New Database Back Ends, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Programs, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.
html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>net, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>nmblookup, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>pdbedit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>rpcclient, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbcacls, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbclient, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbcontrol, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Pr
int_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbspool, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbstatus, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbtar, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>testparm, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>wbinfo, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Reference, <a class="indexterm" href="
ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba">Samba</a></dt><dt>Samba Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></dt><dt>Security Modes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Security_Modes">Samba Security Modes</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level">User-Level Security</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Active Directory Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level">User-Level Security</a></dt><dt>Domain Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-User_Level">User-Level Security</a></dt><dt>Share-Level Security, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Security_Modes-Share_Level">Share-Level Security</a></dt><dt>User Level Security, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba
_Security_Modes-User_Level">User-Level Security</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Server Types, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File</a></dt><dt>server types</dt><dd><dl><dt>Domain Controller, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Domain_Controller">Domain Controller</a></dt><dt>Domain Member, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Domain_Member_Server">Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>Stand Alone, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>service</dt><dd><dl><dt>conditional restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>reloading, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stop
ping Samba</a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>share</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to via the command line, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>connecting to with Nautilus, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>mounting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Mounting_the_Samba_Share">Mounting the Share</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>smb.conf, <a class="index
term" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Active Directory Member Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Domain_Member_Server">Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Print Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Read Only example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Read/Write example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt><dt>NT4-style Domain Member example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Domain_Member_Server">Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>PDC using Active Directory, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Pr
int_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Domain_Controller">Domain Controller</a></dt><dt>PDC using tdbsam, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Domain_Controller">Domain Controller</a></dt><dt>Secure File and Print Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Standalone_Server">Stand-alone Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>smbclient, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>WINS, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-WINS">WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</a></dt><dt>with Windows NT 4.0, 2000, ME, and XP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>scp (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>Sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">Sendmail</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexter
m" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>aliases, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">Masquerading</a></dt><dt>common configuration changes, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</a></dt><dt>default installation, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-default">The Default Sendmail Installation</a></dt><dt>LDAP and, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap">Using Sendmail with LDAP</a></dt><dt>limitations, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">Purpose and Limitations</a></dt><dt>masquerading, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">Masquerading</a></dt><dt>purpose, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-ema
il-mta-sendmail-purpose">Purpose and Limitations</a></dt><dt>spam, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam">Stopping Spam</a></dt><dt>with UUCP, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>services configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Services and Daemons</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> ssystemctl , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-services-running.html">Running Services</a></dt><dt> systemctl , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s1-services-configuring">Configuring Services</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>sftp (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>shadow passwords</dt><dd><dl><dt>overview of, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Shadow Passwor
ds</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>slapd (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>smbcacls program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbclient, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>smbclient program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbcontrol program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbpasswd program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbspool program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbstatus program, <a class="ind
exterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>smbtar program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>SpamAssassin</dt><dd><dl><dt>using with Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>ssh (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>SSH protocol</dt><dd><dl><dt>authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-protocol-authentication">Authentication</a></dt><dt>configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>system-wide configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>user-specific configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-
configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>connection sequence, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-conn">Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></dt><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">Main Features</a></dt><dt>insecure protocols, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></dt><dt>layers</dt><dd><dl><dt>channels, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-protocol-connection">Channels</a></dt><dt>transport layer, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport">Transport Layer</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>port forwarding, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html">Port Forwarding</a></dt><dt>requiring for remote login, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></dt><dt>security risks, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-why">
Why Use SSH?</a></dt><dt>version 1, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-versions">Protocol Versions</a></dt><dt>version 2, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-versions">Protocol Versions</a></dt><dt>X11 forwarding, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">X11 Forwarding</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>ssh-agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt>SSL, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>SSL server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>stunnel, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mua.html#s3-email-security-servers">Securing Email Client Communications</a></dt><dt>system analysis</dt><dd><dl><dt>OProfile (see OProfile)</dt></dl></dd><dt>system information</dt><dd><dl><dt>cpu usage, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sy
sinfo-cpu.html">Viewing CPU Usage</a></dt><dt>file systems, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html">Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>/dev/shm, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/run, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/sys/fs/cgroup, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>gathering, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html">System Monitoring Tools</a></dt><dt>hardware, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">Viewing Hardware Information</a></dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">Viewing System Processes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>currently running, <a class="indexter
m" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">Using the top Command</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>System Log</dt><dd><dl><dt>filtering, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html#s2-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt><dt>monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-logfiles-examining.html">Monitoring Log Files</a></dt><dt>refresh rate, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html#s2-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt><dt>searching, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html#s2-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>System Monitor, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-s
ysinfo-cpu.html#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">Using the System Monitor Tool</a></dt><dt> systemctl (see services configuration)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>T</h3><dl><dt>testparm program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>the Users settings tool (see user configuration)</dt><dt>TLS, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>top, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">Using the top Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>U</h3><dl><dt>user configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>command line configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>chage, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">E
nabling Password Aging</a></dt><dt>passwd, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt><dt>useradd, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>password</dt><dd><dl><dt>forcing expiration of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>viewing list of users, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-configui.html">Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>user private groups (see groups)</dt><dd><dl><dt>and shared directories, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">Creating Group Directories</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>useradd command</dt><dd><dl><dt>user account creation using, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>users (see user configuration)</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resou
rces, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>tools for management of</dt><dd><dl><dt>the Users setting tool, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt><dt>useradd, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>UID, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>V</h3><dl><dt>virtual host (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt> vsftpd , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-servers.html">FTP Servers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also FTP)</dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-r
esources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-resources.html#s3-ftp-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-resources.html#s3-ftp-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>condrestart, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>configuration file</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"> vsftpd Configuration Options</a></dt><dt>access controls, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">Log In Options and Access Controls</a></dt><dt>anonymous user options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon">Anonymous User Options</a></dt><dt>daemon options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon">Daemon Options</a
></dt><dt>directory options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir">Directory Options</a></dt><dt>file transfer options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file">File Transfer Options</a></dt><dt>format of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"> vsftpd Configuration Options</a></dt><dt>local user options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr">Local User Options</a></dt><dt>logging options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log">Logging Options</a></dt><dt>login options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">Log In Options and Access Controls</a></dt><dt>network options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net">Network Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>multihome configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html#s
3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd </a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>RPM</dt><dd><dl><dt>files installed by, <a class="indexterm" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">Files Installed with vsftpd </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>security features, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-servers.html">FTP Servers</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>starting multiple copies of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd </a></dt><dt>status, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>W</h3><dl><dt>wbinfo program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Fi
le_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>web server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>Windows 2000</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows 98</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows ME</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows NT 4.0</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows XP</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a cla
ss="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Encrypted_Passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>X</h3><dl><dt>X.500 (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>X.500 Lite (see OpenLDAP)</dt></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="app-Revision_History.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Appendix B. Revision History</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li></ul></body></html>
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@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html" title="5. Acknowledgments" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html" title="Chapter 1. Opening Graphical Applications" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraprojec
t.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Basic_System_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part I. Basic System Configuration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm263515746400"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html" title="5. Acknowledgments" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html" title="Chapter 1. Opening Graphical Applications" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"
><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Basic_System_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part I. Basic System Configuration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm225453551200"><div></div><div class="para">
This part covers basic system administration tasks such as keyboard configuration, date and time configuration, managing users and groups, and gaining privileges.
</div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html">1. Opening Graphical Applications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html#gui-from_cli">1.1. Opening graphical applications from the command line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-alt_f2.html">1.2. Launching Applications with <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F2</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-from_menu.html">1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-from_menu.html#gui-from_menu-gnome">1.3.1. Using GNOME menus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="gui-from_menu-kde.html">1.3.2. Using KDE menus </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s03s03.html">1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE
, and XFCE</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html">2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s1-Setting_the_System_Locale">2.1. Setting the System Locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Status">2.1.1. Displaying the Current Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s2-Listing_Available_Locales">2.1.2. Listing Available Locales</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#s2-Setting_the_Locale">2.1.3. Setting the Locale</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html">2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt
><span class="section"><a href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html#s2-Displaying_the_Current_Settings">2.2.1. Displaying the Current Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html">2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Setting_the_Keymap.html">2.2.3. Setting the Keymap</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources.html">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html">3. Configuring the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl">3.1. Using the timedatectl Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Display">3.1.1. Displaying the Current
Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time">3.1.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Date">3.1.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-Time_Zone">3.1.4. Changing the Time Zone</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-timedatectl-NTP">3.1.5. Synchronizing the System Clock with a Remote Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date.html">3.2. Using the date Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date.html#sect-Configurin
g_the_Date_and_Time-date-Display">3.2.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Time.html">3.2.2. Changing the Current Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-date-Date.html">3.2.3. Changing the Current Date</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-hwclock.html">3.3. Using the hwclock Command</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-hwclock.html#sect2-displaying-time-hwclock">3.3.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect3-changing-date-time-hwclock.html">3.3.2. Setting the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect4-synchronizing-date-time-hwclock.html">3.3.3. Synchronizing the Date and Time</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Da
te_and_Time-Resources.html">3.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">4. Managing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s1-users-groups-introduction">4.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">4.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">4.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html">4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html#s2-redhat-config-users-list">4.2.1. Using the Users Settings Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html"
>4.3. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">4.3.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">4.3.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html">4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">4.3.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html">4.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Gaining_Privileges.html">5. Gaining Privileges</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Gaining_Privileges.html#sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_su_Command"
>5.1. The su Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-The_sudo_Command.html">5.2. The sudo Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-Additional_Resources.html">5.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html"><strong>Prev</strong>5. Acknowledgments</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Opening_GUI_Applications.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 1. Opening Graphical Applications</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Infrastructure_Services.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Infrastructure_Services.html
index 4c99fd3..1b45c49 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Infrastructure_Services.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Infrastructure_Services.html
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html" title="6.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html" title="Chapter 7. Services and Daemons" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.o
rg"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Infrastructure_Services"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part III. Infrastructure Services</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm263523094352"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html" title="6.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html" title="Chapter 7. Services and Daemons" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><i
mg src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Infrastructure_Services"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part III. Infrastructure Services</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm225452517984"><div></div><div class="para">
This part provides information on how to configure services and daemons, configure authentication, and enable remote logins.
</div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">7. Services and Daemons</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-running.html">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><
dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-stopping.html">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-restarting.html">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html">8. OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s1-ssh-protocol">8.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-why">8.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">8.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-versions">8.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-conn">8.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html">8.2. Configuring OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">8.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html">8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_OpenSSH
_Certificate_Authentication.html">8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html#sec-Introduction_to_SSH_Certificates">8.3.1. Introduction to SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Support_for_OpenSSH_Certificates.html">8.3.2. Support for SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys.html">8.3.3. Creating SSH CA Certificate Signing Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys.html">8.3.4. Distributing and Trusting SSH CA Public Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Signing_SSH_Certificates.html">8.3.5. Creating SSH Certificates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-SSH_Certificate_PKCS_11_Token.html">8.3.6. Signing an SSH Certificate Using a PKCS#11 Token</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_an_SSH_CA_Certificate.html">8.3.7. Viewing an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Revoking_an_SSH_CA_Certificate.html">8.3.8. Revoking an SSH CA Certificate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html">8.4. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">8.4.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">8.4.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html">8.4.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html">8.5. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">8.5.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><d
t><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html">8.5.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">8.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html">9. TigerVNC</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s1-vnc-server">9.1. VNC Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s2-vnc-installation">9.1.1. Installing VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s3-configuring-vnc-server">9.1.2. Configuring VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#s4-starting-vncserver">9.1.3. Starting VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-TigerVNC.html#terminating-vnc-session">9.1.4. Terminating a VNC Session</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s5-vnc-viewer.html">9.2. VNC Vi
ewer</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s5-vnc-viewer.html#installing-vncviewer">9.2.1. Installing VNC Viewer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html">9.2.2. Connecting to VNC Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using_ssh.html">9.2.3. Connecting to VNC Server Using SSH</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s9-additional-sources.html">9.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>6.6. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 7. Services and Daemons</a></li></ul></body></html>
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html
index 5cbb112..a88efbc 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html" title="20.12. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class=
"right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm263515018224"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html" title="20.12. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right
" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm225463479472"><div></div><div class="para">
This part covers various tools that assist administrators with kernel customization.
</div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html">21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html#sec-Introduction_to_GRUB_2">21.1. Introduction to GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html">21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html">21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html">21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html">21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration
File</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html#sec-Changing_the_Default_Boot_Entry">21.5.1. Changing the Default Boot Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html">21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Adding_a_new_Entry.html">21.5.3. Adding a new Entry</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu.html">21.5.4. Creating a Custom Menu</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html">21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html#sec-Setting_Up_Users_and_Password_Protection_Specifying_Menu_Entries">21.6.1. Setting Up Users and Password Protection, Specifying Menu Entries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Password_Encryption.html">21.6.2. Password E
ncryption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html">21.7. Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html#sec-grub2-reinstall_on_BIOS-Based_Machines">21.7.1. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on BIOS-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-grub2-reinstall_on_UEFI-Based_Machines.html">21.7.2. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on UEFI-Based Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Resetting_and_Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html">21.7.3. Resetting and Reinstalling GRUB 2</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console.html">21.8. GRUB 2 over a Serial Console</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console.html#sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Menu">21.8.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Menu</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_screen_to_Connect_to_the_Serial_Cons
ole.html">21.8.2. Using screen to Connect to the Serial Console</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html">21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html#sec-Booting_to_Rescue_Mode">21.9.1. Booting to Rescue Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode.html">21.9.2. Booting to Emergency Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password.html">21.9.3. Changing and Resetting the Root Password</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot.html">21.10. UEFI Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot.html#sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot_Support_in_Fedora">21.10.1. UEFI Secure Boot Support in Fedora</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Working_
with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader-Additional_Resources.html">21.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">22.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">22.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-download.html">22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html">22.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html">22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html">22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sectio
n"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">22.6.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html">22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html">23. Working with Kernel Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">23.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">23.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Unloading_a_Mod
ule.html">23.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html">23.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">23.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot.html">23.7. Signing Kernel Modules for Secure Boot</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot.html#sect-prerequisites">23.7.1. Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-kernel-module-authentication.html">23.7.2. Kernel Module Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-generating-a-public-private-x509-key-pair.html">23.7.3. Generating a Public and Private X.509 Key Pair</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-enrolling-public-key-on-target-system.html">23.7.4. Enrolling Public Key on Target S
ystem</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-signing-kernel-module-with-the-private-key.html">23.7.5. Signing Kernel Module with the Private Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-loading-signed-kernel-module.html">23.7.6. Loading Signed Kernel Module</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html">23.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>20.12. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</a></li></ul></body></html>
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html
index 784f211..829a41d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-PTP_useful-websites.html" title="16.11.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 17. System Monitoring Tools" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproj
ect.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-PTP_useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Monitoring_and_Automation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part V. Monitoring and Automation</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm263518541104"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-PTP_useful-websites.html" title="16.11.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 17. System Monitoring Tools" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.or
g"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-PTP_useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Monitoring_and_Automation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part V. Monitoring and Automation</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm225447742080"><div></div><div class="para">
This part describes various tools that allow system administrators to monitor system performance, automate system tasks, and report bugs.
</div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html">17. System Monitoring Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">17.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">17.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">17.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">17.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">17.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.h
tml#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">17.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">17.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html">17.3. Viewing CPU Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html#s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor">17.3.1. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html">17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">17.4.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html">17.4.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html">17.4.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><spa
n class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html">17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">17.4.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html">17.4.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">17.5. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">17.5.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html">17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html">17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"
><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html">17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html">17.6. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">17.6.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running.html">17.6.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring.html">17.6.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving.html">17.6.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending.html">17.6.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html">17.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">17.7.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">18. Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-logfiles-locating">18.1. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html">18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html#s2-Filters">18.2.1. Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Actions.html">18.2.2. Actions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Templates.html">18.2.3. Templates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="s
ection"><a href="s2-global_directives.html">18.2.4. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-log_rotation.html">18.2.5. Log Rotation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html">18.3. Using the New Configuration Format</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html#sec-Rulesets">18.3.1. Rulesets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-compatibility_with_syslogd.html">18.3.2. Compatibility with syslogd</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html">18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html#s2-defining_queues">18.4.1. Defining Queues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-managing_queues.html">18.4.2. Managing Queues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section
"><a href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html">18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html#sec-Using_The_New_Template_Syntax_on_a_Logging_Server">18.5.1. Using The New Template Syntax on a Logging Server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html">18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html#s2-importing_text_files">18.6.1. Importing Text Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html">18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-enabling_encrypted_transport.html">18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-using_RELP.html">18.6.4. Using RELP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html">18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html">18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html#s2-importing_data_from_journal">18.8.1. Importing Data from Journal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-filtering_structured_messages.html">18.8.2. Filtering Structured Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-parsing_JSON.html">18.8.3. Parsing JSON</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html">18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-debugging_rsyslog.html">18.9. Debugging Rsyslog</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server.html">18.10. Troubleshooting Logging to a Server</a><
/span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html">18.11. Using the Journal</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html#s2-Viewing_Log_Files">18.11.1. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Access_Control.html">18.11.2. Access Control</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Using_The_Live_View.html">18.11.3. Using The Live View</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Filtering_Messages.html">18.11.4. Filtering Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html">18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html">18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html#s2-logfiles-viewing">18.12.1. Viewing Log
Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-logfiles-adding.html">18.12.2. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-logfiles-examining.html">18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html">18.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html">19. Automating System Tasks</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">19.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#sect-Cron-Installing">19.1.1. Installing Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#sect-Cron-Running">19.1.2. Running the Crond Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anac
ron-jobs">19.1.3. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">19.1.4. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-access">19.1.5. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">19.1.6. Black and White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">19.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html#sect-At_and_Batch_Installation">19.2.1. Installing At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Atd-Running.html">19.2.2. Running the At Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-configuring.html">19.2.3. Configuring an At Job</a></span></dt><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html">19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html">19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html">19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html">19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">19.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-OProfile.html">20. OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OProfile.html#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OProfile.html#s2-operf_vs_opcontrol">20.1.1. operf vs. opcontrol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="
section"><a href="s1-using-operf.html">20.2. Using operf</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-using-operf.html#s2-operf-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-operf-events.html">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-operf-categorization.html">20.2.3. Categorization of Samples</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.3.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-events.html">20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofil
e-starting.html">20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html">20.6. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.6.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html">20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html">20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html">20.6.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">20.7. Understanding
the /dev/oprofile/ directory </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html">20.8. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html">20.9. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.9.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-gui.html">20.10. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html">20.11. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html">20.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-PTP_useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong>16.11.2. Useful Websites</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></
li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 17. System Monitoring Tools</a></li></ul></body></html>
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Package_Management.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Package_Management.html
index ac4b3ea..d5b7b82 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Package_Management.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Package_Management.html
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-Additional_Resources.html" title="5.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-DNF.html" title="Chapter 6. DNF" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="
Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-DNF.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Package_Management"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part II. Package Management</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm263523098256"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-Additional_Resources.html" title="5.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-DNF.html" title="Chapter 6. DNF" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common
_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-DNF.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Package_Management"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part II. Package Management</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm225461945552"><div></div><div class="para">
All software on a Fedora system is divided into RPM packages, which can be installed, upgraded, or removed. This part describes how to manage packages on Fedora using <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span>.
</div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-DNF.html">6. DNF</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">6.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Checking_For_Updates">6.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Updating_Packages">6.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNF.html#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">6.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">6.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">6.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section">
<a href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">6.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">6.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing.html">6.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Removing.html">6.2.5. Removing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-DNF-Transaction_History.html">6.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html">6.3. Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html#sec-Setting_main_Options">6.3.1. Setting [main] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html">6.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="se
c-Using_DNF_Variables.html">6.3.3. Using DNF Variables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html">6.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html">6.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Additional_Resources.html">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Gaining_Privileges-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>5.3. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-DNF.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 6. DNF</a></li></ul></body></html>
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Servers.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Servers.html
index 0fe70ae..6837eec 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Servers.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/part-Servers.html
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s9-additional-sources.html" title="9.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Web_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. Web Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common
_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s9-additional-sources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Web_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part IV. Servers</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm263520533392"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s9-additional-sources.html" title="9.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Web_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. Web Servers" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Conte
nt/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s9-additional-sources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Web_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part IV. Servers</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="idm225452818512"><div></div><div class="para">
This part discusses various topics related to servers such as how to set up a web server or share files and directories over a network.
</div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html">10. Web Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">10.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-changes">10.1.1. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">10.1.2. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-running">10.1.3. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">10.1.4. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">10.1.5. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apach
e-virtualhosts">10.1.6. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">10.1.7. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-resources">10.1.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html">11. Mail Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s1-email-protocols">11.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-send">11.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-client">11.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html">11.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html#s2-email
-types-mta">11.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mda.html">11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mua.html">11.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html">11.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">11.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">11.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html">11.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-switchmail.html">11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html">11.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configur
ation">11.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html">11.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html">11.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">11.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">11.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html#s2-email-installed-docs">11.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-useful-websites.html">11.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-related-books.html">11.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html">12. Directory Servers</a></span></dt><dd
><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s1-OpenLDAP">12.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-introduction">12.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">12.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">12.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-selinux-openldap">12.1.4. SELinux Policy for Applications Using LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-running">12.1.5. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-pam">12.1.6. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Director
y_Servers.html#s2-ldap-resources">12.1.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-related-books">12.1.8. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html">13. File and Print Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba">13.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Introduction_to_Samba">13.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Daemons_and_Related_Services">13.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Connecting_to_a_Samba_Share">13.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Mo
unting_the_Samba_Share">13.1.4. Mounting the Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Configuring_a_Samba_Server">13.1.5. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Starting_and_Stopping">13.1.6. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Server_Types_and_the_smb.conf_File">13.1.7. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Security_Modes">13.1.8. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Account_Information-Databases">13.1.9. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Network_Browsing">13.1.10. Sa
mba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_with_CUPS_Printing_Support">13.1.11. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba_Distribution_Programs">13.1.12. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#sect-Samba-Resources">13.1.13. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FTP.html">13.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FTP.html#s2-ftp-protocol">13.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-servers.html">13.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">13.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">13.2.4.
Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">13.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-resources.html">13.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html">13.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">13.3.1. Starting the Printers Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Printer.html">13.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html">13.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html">13.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html">13.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html">13.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">13.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-select-model.html">13.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-test-page.html">13.3.9. Printing a Test Page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-edit.html">13.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html">13.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html">14. Configuring NTP Using the chrony Suite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html#sect-Introduction_to_the_chrony_Suite">14.1. Introduction to the chrony Suite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html#sect-differences_between_ntpd_and_chronyd">14.1.1. Differences Between ntpd and chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html#sect-Choosing_between_NTP_daemon">14.1.2. Choosing Between NTP Daemons</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_chrony_and-its_configuration.html">14.2. Understanding chrony and Its Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_chrony_and-its_configuration.html#sect-Understanding_chronyd">14.2.1. Understanding chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Understanding_chronyc.html">14.2.2. Understanding chronyc</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec
t-Understanding_the_chrony_configuration_commands.html">14.2.3. Understanding the chrony Configuration Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Security_with_chronyc.html">14.2.4. Security with chronyc</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chrony.html">14.3. Using chrony</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chrony.html#sect-Installing_chrony">14.3.1. Installing chrony</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Checking_the_Status_of_chronyd.html">14.3.2. Checking the Status of chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Starting_chronyd.html">14.3.3. Starting chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Stopping_chronyd.html">14.3.4. Stopping chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Checking_if_chrony_is_synchronized.html">14.3.5. Checking if chrony is Synchronized</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect
-Manually_Adjusting-the-System_Clock.html">14.3.6. Manually Adjusting the System Clock</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_different_environments.html">14.4. Setting Up chrony for Different Environments</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_different_environments.html#sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_which_is_infrequently_connected">14.4.1. Setting Up chrony for a System Which is Infrequently Connected</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Setting_up_chrony_for_a_system_in_an_isolated_network.html">14.4.2. Setting Up chrony for a System in an Isolated Network</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chronyc.html">14.5. Using chronyc</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Using_chronyc.html#sect-Using_chronyc_chronyc_to_control_chronyd">14.5.1. Using chronyc to Control chronyd</a></span></dt><dt><span class
="section"><a href="sect-Using_chronyc_for_remote_administration.html">14.5.2. Using chronyc for Remote Administration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-additional_resources.html">14.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-additional_resources.html#s2-chrony-docs-inst">14.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-chrony_Online_Documentation.html">14.6.2. Online Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html">15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html#s1-Introduction_to_NTP">15.1. Introduction to NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-NTP_Strata.html">15.2. NTP Strata</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_NTP.html">15.3. Understanding NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html">15.4. Understanding the Drift File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html">15.5. UTC, Timezones, and DST</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html">15.6. Authentication Options for NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html">15.7. Managing the Time on Virtual Machines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html">15.8. Understanding Leap Seconds</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File.html">15.9. Understanding the ntpd Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html">15.10. Understanding the ntpd Sysconfig File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Disabling_chrony.html">15.11. Disabling chrony</a
></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html">15.12. Checking if the NTP Daemon is Installed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html">15.13. Installing the NTP Daemon (ntpd)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html">15.14. Checking the Status of NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html">15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html#s2-Change_the_firewall_settings">15.15.1. Change the Firewall Settings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html">15.15.2. Open Ports in the Firewall for NTP Packets</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_ntpdat
e_Servers.html">15.16. Configure ntpdate Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_NTP.html">15.17. Configure NTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configure_NTP.html#s2-Configure_Access_Control_to_an_NTP_service">15.17.1. Configure Access Control to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html">15.17.2. Configure Rate Limiting Access to an NTP Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html">15.17.3. Adding a Peer Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html">15.17.4. Adding a Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html">15.17.5. Adding a Broadcast or Multicast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html">15.17.6. Adding a
Manycast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html">15.17.7. Adding a Broadcast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html">15.17.8. Adding a Manycast Server Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html">15.17.9. Adding a Multicast Client Address</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html">15.17.10. Configuring the Burst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option.html">15.17.11. Configuring the iburst Option</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html">15.17.12. Configuring Symmetric Authentication Using a Key</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval.html">15.17.13. Configuring the Poll Interval</a></span>
</dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html">15.17.14. Configuring Server Preference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html">15.17.15. Configuring the Time-to-Live for NTP Packets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html">15.17.16. Configuring the NTP Version to Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html">15.18. Configuring the Hardware Clock Update</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html">15.19. Configuring Clock Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html">15.20. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html#s2-ntpd-docs-inst">15.20.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><
a href="s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html">15.20.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html">16. Configuring PTP Using ptp4l</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html#sec-Introduction_to_PTP">16.1. Introduction to PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html#sec-Understanding_PTP">16.1.1. Understanding PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html#sec-Advantages_of_PTP">16.1.2. Advantages of PTP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_PTP.html">16.2. Using PTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_PTP.html#sec-Checking_for_Driver_and_Hardware_Support">16.2.1. Checking for Driver and Hardware Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_PTP.html">16.2.2. Installing PT
P</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Starting_ptp4l.html">16.2.3. Starting ptp4l</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Specifying_a_Configuration_File.html">16.3. Specifying a Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_the_PTP_Management_Client.html">16.4. Using the PTP Management Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Synchronizing_the_Clocks.html">16.5. Synchronizing the Clocks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Verifying_Time_Synchronization.html">16.6. Verifying Time Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Serving_PTP_Time_with_NTP.html">16.7. Serving PTP Time with NTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Serving_NTP_Time_with_PTP.html">16.8. Serving NTP Time with PTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Synchronize_to_PTP_or_NTP_Time_Using_timemaster.html">16.9. Synchronize to PTP or NTP
Time Using timemaster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Synchronize_to_PTP_or_NTP_Time_Using_timemaster.html#sec-Starting_timemaster_as_a_Service">16.9.1. Starting timemaster as a Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Understanding_the_timemaster_Configuration_File.html">16.9.2. Understanding the timemaster Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options.html">16.9.3. Configuring timemaster Options</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Improving_Accuracy.html">16.10. Improving Accuracy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html">16.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html#sec-PTP-docs-inst">16.11.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PTP_useful-websites.html">16.11.2. Useful Websites</
a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s9-additional-sources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>9.3. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Web_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 10. Web Servers</a></li></ul></body></html>
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--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pr01.html
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html" title="2. How to Read this Book" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Comm
on_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="index.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="preface" id="idm263479814608" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 id="idm263479814608" class="title">Preface</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html" title="2. How to Read this Book" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Con
tent/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="index.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="preface" id="idm225463157104" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 id="idm225463157104" class="title">Preface</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <em class="citetitle">System Administrator's Guide</em> contains information on how to customize the Fedora 24 system to fit your needs. If you are looking for a comprehensive, task-oriented guide for configuring and customizing your system, this is the manual for you.
</div><div class="para">
This manual discusses many intermediate topics such as the following:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pr01s03.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pr01s03.html
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--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pr01s03.html
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addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01.html" title="Preface" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html" title="2. How to Read this Book" /><link rel="next" href="pr01s03s02.html" title="3.2. Pull-quote Conventions" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images
/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01s03s02.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="idm263515524176" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="idm263515524176">3. Document Conventions</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01.html" title="Preface" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html" title="2. How to Read this Book" /><link rel="next" href="pr01s03s02.html" title="3.2. Pull-quote Conventions" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image
_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01s03s02.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="idm225437857088" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="idm225437857088">3. Document Conventions</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
This manual uses several conventions to highlight certain words and phrases and draw attention to specific pieces of information.
</div><div class="para">
In PDF and paper editions, this manual uses typefaces drawn from the <a href="https://fedorahosted.org/liberation-fonts/">Liberation Fonts</a> set. The Liberation Fonts set is also used in HTML editions if the set is installed on your system. If not, alternative but equivalent typefaces are displayed. Note: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and later includes the Liberation Fonts set by default.
- </div><div class="section" id="idm263496886960"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="idm263496886960">3.1. Typographic Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="idm225471091744"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="idm225471091744">3.1. Typographic Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Four typographic conventions are used to call attention to specific words and phrases. These conventions, and the circumstances they apply to, are as follows.
</div><div class="para">
<code class="literal">Mono-spaced Bold</code>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pr01s03s02.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pr01s03s02.html
index b9cdf81..a6066a0 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pr01s03s02.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pr01s03s02.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01s03.html" title="3. Document Conventions" /><link rel="prev" href="pr01s03.html" title="3. Document Conventions" /><link rel="next" href="pr01s03s03.html" title="3.3. Notes and Warnings" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_r
ight.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s03.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01s03s03.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="idm263487930800"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="idm263487930800">3.2. Pull-quote Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01s03.html" title="3. Document Conventions" /><link rel="prev" href="pr01s03.html" title="3. Document Conventions" /><link rel="next" href="pr01s03s03.html" title="3.3. Notes and Warnings" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.p
ng" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s03.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01s03s03.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="idm225458198336"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="idm225458198336">3.2. Pull-quote Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Terminal output and source code listings are set off visually from the surrounding text.
</div><div class="para">
Output sent to a terminal is set in <code class="computeroutput">mono-spaced roman</code> and presented thus:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pr01s03s03.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pr01s03s03.html
index 16b30d3..618d4c2 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pr01s03s03.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pr01s03s03.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01s03.html" title="3. Document Conventions" /><link rel="prev" href="pr01s03s02.html" title="3.2. Pull-quote Conventions" /><link rel="next" href="pr01s04.html" title="4. We Need Feedback!" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_
right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s03s02.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01s04.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="idm263479760144"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="idm263479760144">3.3. Notes and Warnings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01s03.html" title="3. Document Conventions" /><link rel="prev" href="pr01s03s02.html" title="3.2. Pull-quote Conventions" /><link rel="next" href="pr01s04.html" title="4. We Need Feedback!" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.
png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s03s02.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01s04.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="idm225455265024"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="idm225455265024">3.3. Notes and Warnings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Finally, we use three visual styles to draw attention to information that might otherwise be overlooked.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Note</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Notes are tips, shortcuts or alternative approaches to the task at hand. Ignoring a note should have no negative consequences, but you might miss out on a trick that makes your life easier.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pr01s04.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pr01s04.html
index 1eb6324..08e85f0 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pr01s04.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pr01s04.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01.html" title="Preface" /><link rel="prev" href="pr01s03s03.html" title="3.3. Notes and Warnings" /><link rel="next" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html" title="5. Acknowledgments" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" al
t="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s03s03.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="idm263490014544" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="idm263490014544">4. We Need Feedback!</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263490013552" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01.html" title="Preface" /><link rel="prev" href="pr01s03s03.html" title="3.3. Notes and Warnings" /><link rel="next" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html" title="5. Acknowledgments" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Doc
umentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s03s03.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="idm225471947184" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="idm225471947184">4. We Need Feedback!</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225461210800" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you find a typographical error in this manual, or if you have thought of a way to make this manual better, we would love to hear from you! Please submit a report in Bugzilla: <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?product=Fedora Documentation&component=system-administrator's-guide">https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?product=Fedora Documentation&component=system-administrator's-guide</a>
</div><div class="para">
If you have a suggestion for improving the documentation, try to be as specific as possible when describing it. If you have found an error, please include the section number and some of the surrounding text so we can find it easily.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pref-Acknowledgments.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pref-Acknowledgments.html
index 7b41d15..42561db 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pref-Acknowledgments.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/pref-Acknowledgments.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01.html" title="Preface" /><link rel="prev" href="pr01s04.html" title="4. We Need Feedback!" /><link rel="next" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/imag
es/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s04.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="pref-Acknowledgments"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">5. Acknowledgments</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01.html" title="Preface" /><link rel="prev" href="pr01s04.html" title="4. We Need Feedback!" /><link rel="next" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/ima
ge_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s04.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="pref-Acknowledgments"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">5. Acknowledgments</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
Certain portions of this text first appeared in the <em class="citetitle">Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 System Administrator's Guide</em>, copyright © 2014–2016 Red Hat, Inc., available at <a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/ht…">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/ht…</a>.
</div><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html">Section 17.6, “Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP”</a> is based on an article written by Michael Solberg.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html
index 77f6999..5b235f3 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html" title="15.5. UTC, Timezones, and DST" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html" title="15.7. Managing the Time on Virtual Machines" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Pr
oduct Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.6. Authentication Options for NTP</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html" title="15.5. UTC, Timezones, and DST" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html" title="15.7. Managing the Time on Virtual Machines" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product
Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.6. Authentication Options for NTP</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">NTPv4</code> added support for the Autokey Security Architecture, which is based on public asymmetric cryptography while retaining support for symmetric key cryptography. The Autokey Security Architecture is described in <a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5906"><em class="citetitle">RFC 5906 Network Time Protocol Version 4: Autokey Specification</em></a>. The man page <code class="filename">ntp_auth(5)</code> describes the authentication options and commands for <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code>.
</div><div class="para">
An attacker on the network can attempt to disrupt a service by sending <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> packets with incorrect time information. On systems using the public pool of <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> servers, this risk is mitigated by having more than three <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> servers in the list of public <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> servers in <code class="filename">/etc/ntp.conf</code>. If only one time source is compromised or spoofed, <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code> will ignore that source. You should conduct a risk assessment and consider the impact of incorrect time on your applications and organization. If you have internal time sources you should consider steps to protect the network over which the <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> packets are distributed. If you conduct a risk assessment and conclude that the risk is acceptable, and the impact to your applications minimal, then you can choose not to use authentic
ation.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html
index f382818..3481cbe 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html" title="Chapter 2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html" title="Chapter 2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html" title="2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src=
"Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263521495856" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263521494256" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html" title="Chapter 2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html" title="Chapter 2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html" title="2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Commo
n_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-System_Locale_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225442892976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225500542016" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The keyboard layout settings enable the user to control the layout used on the text console and graphical user interfaces.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-Displaying_the_Current_Settings"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">2.2.1. Displaying the Current Settings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
As mentioned before, you can check your current keyboard layout configuration with the following command:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html
index e7a95eb..901d3fb 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Disabling_chrony.html" title="15.11. Disabling chrony" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html" title="15.13. Installing the NTP Daemon (ntpd)" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a c
lass="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Disabling_chrony.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.12. Checking if the NTP Daemon is Installed</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Disabling_chrony.html" title="15.11. Disabling chrony" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html" title="15.13. Installing the NTP Daemon (ntpd)" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="
right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Disabling_chrony.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.12. Checking if the NTP Daemon is Installed</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
To check if <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code> is installed, enter the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
<pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install ntp</code></pre>
<code class="systemitem">NTP</code> is implemented by means of the daemon or service <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code>, which is contained within the <span class="package">ntp</span> package.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html
index 4642a3a..47bbb6f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html" title="15.13. Installing the NTP Daemon (ntpd)" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html" title="15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.14. Checking the Status of NTP</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html" title="15.13. Installing the NTP Daemon (ntpd)" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html" title="15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="C
ommon_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.14. Checking the Status of NTP</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
To check if <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code> is running and configured to run at system start, issue the following command:
<pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">systemctl status ntpd</code></pre>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configure_NTP.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configure_NTP.html
index 07fdc6d..3e071c5 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configure_NTP.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configure_NTP.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers.html" title="15.16. Configure ntpdate Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html" title="15.17.2. Configure Rate Limiting Access to an NTP Service" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Conten
t/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Configure_NTP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.17. Configure NTP</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers.html" title="15.16. Configure ntpdate Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html" title="15.17.2. Configure Rate Limiting Access to an NTP Service" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/imag
es/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Configure_NTP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.17. Configure NTP</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
To change the default configuration of the <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> service, use a text editor running as <code class="systemitem">root</code> user to edit the <code class="filename">/etc/ntp.conf</code> file. This file is installed together with <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code> and is configured to use time servers from the Fedora pool by default. The man page <code class="filename">ntp.conf(5)</code> describes the command options that can be used in the configuration file apart from the access and rate limiting commands which are explained in the <code class="filename">ntp_acc(5)</code> man page.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-Configure_Access_Control_to_an_NTP_service"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.1. Configure Access Control to an NTP Service</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To restrict or control access to the <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> service running on a system, make use of the <code class="command">restrict</code> command in the <code class="filename">ntp.conf</code> file. See the commented out example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers.html
index 3be0781..4f4c996 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html" title="15.15.2. Open Ports in the Firewall for NTP Packets" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Produc
t Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.16. Configure ntpdate Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html" title="15.15.2. Open Ports in the Firewall for NTP Packets" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site
" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.16. Configure ntpdate Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
The purpose of the <code class="systemitem">ntpdate</code> service is to set the clock during system boot. This was used previously to ensure that the services started after <code class="systemitem">ntpdate</code> would have the correct time and not observe a jump in the clock. The use of <code class="systemitem">ntpdate</code> and the list of step-tickers is considered deprecated and so Fedora uses the <code class="option">-g</code> option to the <code class="command">ntpd</code> command and not <code class="systemitem">ntpdate</code> by default.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">ntpdate</code> service in Fedora is mostly useful only when used alone without <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code>. With <span class="application"><strong>systemd</strong></span>, which starts services in parallel, enabling the <code class="systemitem">ntpdate</code> service will not ensure that other services started after it will have correct time unless they specify an ordering dependency on <code class="literal">time-sync.target</code>, which is provided by the <code class="systemitem">ntpdate</code> service. The <code class="systemitem">ntp-wait</code> service (in the <span class="package">ntp-perl</span> subpackage) provides the <code class="literal">time-sync</code> target for the <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code> service. In order to ensure a service starts with correct time, add <code class="literal">After=time-sync.target</code> to the service and enable one of the services which provide the target (<code class="systemitem">ntpda
te</code> or <span class="application"><strong>sntp</strong></span>, or <span class="application"><strong>ntp-wait</strong></span> if <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code> is enabled). Some services on Fedora have the dependency included by default ( for example, <code class="systemitem">dhcpd</code>, <code class="systemitem">dhcpd6</code>, and <code class="systemitem">crond</code>).
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html
index 3185ba9..ba3e3cf 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html" title="15.14. Checking the Status of NTP" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html" title="15.15.2. Open Ports in the Firewall for NTP Packets" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/i
mage_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html" title="15.14. Checking the Status of NTP" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html" title="15.15.2. Open Ports in the Firewall for NTP Packets" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_l
eft.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> traffic consists of <code class="systemitem">UDP</code> packets on port <code class="literal">123</code> and needs to be permitted through network and host-based firewalls in order for <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> to function.
</div><div class="para">
Check if the firewall is configured to allow incoming <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> traffic for clients using the graphical <span class="application"><strong>Firewall Configuration</strong></span> tool.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html
index 1de303b..2cd26e3 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html" title="15.18. Configuring the Hardware Clock Update" /><link rel="next" href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html" title="15.20. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt=
"Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.19. Configuring Clock Sources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html" title="15.18. Configuring the Hardware Clock Update" /><link rel="next" href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html" title="15.20. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Produ
ct Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.19. Configuring Clock Sources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
To list the available clock sources on your system, issue the following commands:
<pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">cd /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/</code>
clocksource0]$ <code class="command">cat available_clocksource</code>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html
index 22b3bc7..f6e3686 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html" title="15.17.16. Configuring the NTP Version to Use" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html" title="15.19. Configuring Clock Sources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png"
alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.18. Configuring the Hardware Clock Update</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html" title="15.17.16. Configuring the NTP Version to Use" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html" title="15.19. Configuring Clock Sources" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="
Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.18. Configuring the Hardware Clock Update</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
To configure the system clock to update the hardware clock, also known as the real-time clock (RTC), once after executing <span class="application"><strong>ntpdate</strong></span>, add the following line to <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/ntpdate</code>:
<pre class="programlisting">SYNC_HWCLOCK=yes</pre>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Disabling_chrony.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Disabling_chrony.html
index a7ba15b..2a6d98d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Disabling_chrony.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Disabling_chrony.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html" title="15.10. Understanding the ntpd Sysconfig File" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html" title="15.12. Checking if the NTP Daemon is Installed" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Co
ntent/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Disabling_chrony"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.11. Disabling chrony</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html" title="15.10. Understanding the ntpd Sysconfig File" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html" title="15.12. Checking if the NTP Daemon is Installed" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/
images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Disabling_chrony"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.11. Disabling chrony</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
In order to use <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code> the default user space daemon, <code class="systemitem">chronyd</code>, must be stopped and disabled. Issue the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
<pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl stop chronyd</code></pre>
To prevent it restarting at system start, issue the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-FTP.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-FTP.html
index ec25595..4ff339a 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-FTP.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-FTP.html
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html" title="Chapter 13. File and Print Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html" title="Chapter 13. File and Print Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ftp-servers.html" title="13.2.2. FTP Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://doc
s.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ftp-servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-FTP" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">13.2. FTP</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263483652048" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496514992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html" title="Chapter 13. File and Print Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html" title="Chapter 13. File and Print Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ftp-servers.html" title="13.2.2. FTP Servers" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedo
raproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ftp-servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-FTP" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">13.2. FTP</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225451559184" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454337200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">File Transfer Protocol</em> (<code class="systemitem">FTP</code>) is one of the oldest and most commonly used protocols found on the Internet today. Its purpose is to reliably transfer files between computer hosts on a network without requiring the user to log directly into the remote host or have knowledge of how to use the remote system. It allows users to access files on remote systems using a standard set of simple commands.
</div><div class="para">
This section outlines the basics of the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> protocol, as well as configuration options for the primary <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> server shipped with Fedora, <code class="command">vsftpd</code>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263494461616" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225500484400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
However, because <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> is so prevalent on the Internet, it is often required to share files to the public. System administrators, therefore, should be aware of the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> protocol's unique characteristics.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-protocol-multiport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.1.1. Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263478452656" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477586256" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480564304" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489809488" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-protocol-multiport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.1.1. Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225443643600" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225471191792" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225442856192" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225468073040" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Unlike most protocols used on the Internet, <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> requires multiple network ports to work properly. When an <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> client application initiates a connection to an <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> server, it opens port <code class="constant">21</code> on the server — known as the <em class="firstterm">command port</em>. This port is used to issue all commands to the server. Any data requested from the server is returned to the client via a <em class="firstterm">data port</em>. The port number for data connections, and the way in which data connections are initialized, vary depending upon whether the client requests the data in <em class="firstterm">active</em> or <em class="firstterm">passive</em> mode.
</div><div class="para">
The following defines these modes:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html
index 1379a7d..c7d5514 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html" title="15.12. Checking if the NTP Daemon is Installed" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html" title="15.14. Checking the Status of NTP" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_lef
t.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.13. Installing the NTP Daemon (ntpd)</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html" title="15.12. Checking if the NTP Daemon is Installed" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html" title="15.14. Checking the Status of NTP" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png"
alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Checking_if_the_NTP_Daemon_is_Installed.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Checking_the_status_of_NTP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Installing_the_NTP_Daemon_ntpd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.13. Installing the NTP Daemon (ntpd)</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
To install <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code>, enter the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
<pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install ntp</code></pre>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html
index 55e395a..1eea2a0 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
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Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.7. Managing the Time on Virtual Machines</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html" title="15.6. Authentication Options for NTP" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html" title="15.8. Understanding Leap Seconds" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site"
/></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.7. Managing the Time on Virtual Machines</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
Virtual machines cannot access a real hardware clock and a virtual clock is not stable enough as the stability is dependent on the host systems work load. For this reason, para-virtualized clocks should be provided by the virtualization application in use. On Fedora with <span class="application"><strong>KVM</strong></span> the default clock source is <code class="option">kvm-clock</code>. See the <a href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/Virtualization_Guide/cha…"><em class="citetitle">KVM guest timing management</em></a> chapter of the <em class="citetitle">Virtualization Host Configuration and Guest Installation Guide</em>.
</div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html"><strong>Prev</strong>15.6. Authentication Options for NTP</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html"><strong>Next</strong>15.8. Understanding Leap Seconds</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-NTP_Strata.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-NTP_Strata.html
index 1ab4772..4f84d8f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-NTP_Strata.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-NTP_Strata.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Understanding_NTP.html" title="15.3. Understanding NTP" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a clas
s="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Understanding_NTP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-NTP_Strata"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.2. NTP Strata</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Understanding_NTP.html" title="15.3. Understanding NTP" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="rig
ht" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Understanding_NTP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-NTP_Strata"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.2. NTP Strata</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">NTP</code> servers are classified according to their synchronization distance from the atomic clocks which are the source of the time signals. The servers are thought of as being arranged in layers, or strata, from 1 at the top down to 15. Hence the word stratum is used when referring to a specific layer. Atomic clocks are referred to as Stratum 0 as this is the source, but no Stratum 0 packet is sent on the Internet, all stratum 0 atomic clocks are attached to a server which is referred to as stratum 1. These servers send out packets marked as Stratum 1. A server which is synchronized by means of packets marked stratum <code class="literal">n</code> belongs to the next, lower, stratum and will mark its packets as stratum <code class="literal">n+1</code>. Servers of the same stratum can exchange packets with each other but are still designated as belonging to just the one stratum, the stratum one below the best reference they are synchronized to.
The designation Stratum 16 is used to indicate that the server is not currently synchronized to a reliable time source.
</div><div class="para">
Note that by default <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> clients act as servers for those systems in the stratum below them.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html
index 05f3f1a..58cb9e5 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html" title="15.4. Understanding the Drift File" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html" title="15.6. Authentication Options for NTP" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Prod
uct Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.5. UTC, Timezones, and DST</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html" title="15.4. Understanding the Drift File" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html" title="15.6. Authentication Options for NTP" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Si
te" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.5. UTC, Timezones, and DST</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
As <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> is entirely in UTC (Universal Time, Coordinated), Timezones and DST (Daylight Saving Time) are applied locally by the system. The file <code class="filename">/etc/localtime</code> is a copy of, or symlink to, a zone information file from <code class="filename">/usr/share/zoneinfo</code>. The RTC may be in localtime or in UTC, as specified by the 3rd line of <code class="filename">/etc/adjtime</code>, which will be one of LOCAL or UTC to indicate how the RTC clock has been set. Users can easily change this setting using the checkbox <span class="guilabel"><strong>System Clock Uses UTC</strong></span> in the <span class="application"><strong>Date and Time</strong></span> graphical configuration tool. See <a class="xref" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html">Chapter 3, <em>Configuring the Date and Time</em></a> for information on how to use that tool. Running the RTC in UTC is recommended to avoid various problems when daylight
saving time is changed.
</div><div class="para">
The operation of <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code> is explained in more detail in the man page <code class="filename">ntpd(8)</code>. The resources section lists useful sources of information. See <a class="xref" href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html">Section 15.20, “Additional Resources”</a>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html
index e74871f..1f93481 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
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Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.8. Understanding Leap Seconds</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html" title="15.7. Managing the Time on Virtual Machines" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File.html" title="15.9. Understanding the ntpd Configuration File" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Conten
t/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.8. Understanding Leap Seconds</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) was derived by measuring the solar day, which is dependent on the Earth's rotation. When atomic clocks were first made, the potential for more accurate definitions of time became possible. In 1958, International Atomic Time (TAI) was introduced based on the more accurate and very stable atomic clocks. A more accurate astronomical time, Universal Time 1 (UT1), was also introduced to replace GMT. The atomic clocks are in fact far more stable than the rotation of the Earth and so the two times began to drift apart. For this reason UTC was introduced as a practical measure. It is kept within one second of UT1 but to avoid making many small trivial adjustments it was decided to introduce the concept of a <em class="firstterm">leap second</em> in order to reconcile the difference in a manageable way. The difference between UT1 and UTC is monitored until they drift apart by more than half a second. Then only is it deemed necessary to introduce a one sec
ond adjustment, forward or backward. Due to the erratic nature of the Earth's rotational speed, the need for an adjustment cannot be predicted far into the future. The decision as to when to make an adjustment is made by the <a href="http://www.iers.org"><em class="citetitle">International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS)</em></a>. However, these announcements are important only to administrators of Stratum 1 servers because <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> transmits information about pending leap seconds and applies them automatically.
</div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Managing_the_Time_on_Virtual_Machines.html"><strong>Prev</strong>15.7. Managing the Time on Virtual Machines</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File.html"><strong>Next</strong>15.9. Understanding the ntpd Configuration File</a></li></ul></body></html>
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_NTP.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_NTP.html
index 3470d55..f404a9f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_NTP.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_NTP.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-NTP_Strata.html" title="15.2. NTP Strata" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html" title="15.4. Understanding the Drift File" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="h
ttp://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-NTP_Strata.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Understanding_NTP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.3. Understanding NTP</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-NTP_Strata.html" title="15.2. NTP Strata" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html" title="15.4. Understanding the Drift File" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://
docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-NTP_Strata.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Understanding_NTP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.3. Understanding NTP</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
The version of <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> used by Fedora is as described in <a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1305"><em class="citetitle">RFC 1305 Network Time Protocol (Version 3) Specification, Implementation and Analysis</em></a> and <a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5905"><em class="citetitle">RFC 5905 Network Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms Specification</em></a>
</div><div class="para">
This implementation of <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> enables sub-second accuracy to be achieved. Over the Internet, accuracy to 10s of milliseconds is normal. On a Local Area Network (LAN), 1 ms accuracy is possible under ideal conditions. This is because clock drift is now accounted and corrected for, which was not done in earlier, simpler, time protocol systems. A resolution of 233 picoseconds is provided by using 64-bit time stamps. The first 32-bits of the time stamp is used for seconds, the last 32-bits are used for fractions of seconds.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html
index 54396df..cc8ff52 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File.html
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"http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Understanding_NTP.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.4. Understanding the Drift File</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Understanding_NTP.html" title="15.3. Understanding NTP" /><link rel="next" href="s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html" title="15.5. UTC, Timezones, and DST" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http:
//docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Understanding_NTP.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Understanding_the_Drift_File"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.4. Understanding the Drift File</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
The drift file is used to store the frequency offset between the system clock running at its nominal frequency and the frequency required to remain in synchronization with UTC. If present, the value contained in the drift file is read at system start and used to correct the clock source. Use of the drift file reduces the time required to achieve a stable and accurate time. The value is calculated, and the drift file replaced, once per hour by <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code>. The drift file is replaced, rather than just updated, and for this reason the drift file must be in a directory for which the <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code> has write permissions.
</div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Understanding_NTP.html"><strong>Prev</strong>15.3. Understanding NTP</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-UTC_timezones_and_DST.html"><strong>Next</strong>15.5. UTC, Timezones, and DST</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File.html
index d88e428..c2f6ebe 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html" title="15.8. Understanding Leap Seconds" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html" title="15.10. Understanding the ntpd Sysconfig File" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png
" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.9. Understanding the ntpd Configuration File</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html" title="15.8. Understanding Leap Seconds" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html" title="15.10. Understanding the ntpd Sysconfig File" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt=
"Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Understanding_Leap_Seconds.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.9. Understanding the ntpd Configuration File</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
The daemon, <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code>, reads the configuration file at system start or when the service is restarted. The default location for the file is <code class="filename">/etc/ntp.conf</code> and you can view the file by entering the following command:
<pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">less /etc/ntp.conf</code></pre>
The configuration commands are explained briefly later in this chapter, see <a class="xref" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html">Section 15.17, “Configure NTP”</a>, and more verbosely in the <code class="filename">ntp.conf(5)</code> man page.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html
index 6d2f61e..53dad28 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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ct Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Disabling_chrony.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.10. Understanding the ntpd Sysconfig File</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File.html" title="15.9. Understanding the ntpd Configuration File" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Disabling_chrony.html" title="15.11. Disabling chrony" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Sit
e" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Configuration_File.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Disabling_chrony.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Understanding_the_ntpd_Sysconfig_File"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.10. Understanding the ntpd Sysconfig File</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
The file will be read by the <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code> init script on service start. The default contents is as follows:
<pre class="screen"># Command line options for ntpd
OPTIONS="-g"</pre>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Using_the_Journal.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Using_the_Journal.html
index 4d4f616..53bce6a 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Using_the_Journal.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Using_the_Journal.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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ite" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Access_Control.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Using_the_Journal"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.11. Using the Journal</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server.html" title="18.10. Troubleshooting Logging to a Server" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Access_Control.html" title="18.11.2. Access Control" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /
></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Access_Control.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-Using_the_Journal"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.11. Using the Journal</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
The Journal is a component of <span class="application"><strong>systemd</strong></span> that is responsible for viewing and management of log files. It can be used in parallel, or in place of a traditional syslog daemon, such as <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code>. The Journal was developed to address problems connected with traditional logging. It is closely integrated with the rest of the system, supports various logging technologies and access management for the log files.
</div><div class="para">
Logging data is collected, stored, and processed by the Journal's <code class="systemitem">journald</code> service. It creates and maintains binary files called <span class="emphasis"><em>journals</em></span> based on logging information that is received from the kernel, from user processes, from standard output, and standard error output of system services or via its native API. These journals are structured and indexed, which provides relatively fast seek times. Journal entries can carry a unique identifier. The <code class="systemitem">journald</code> service collects numerous meta data fields for each log message. The actual journal files are secured, and therefore cannot be manually edited.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html
index 37c95b1..5e77d62 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html" title="Chapter 19. Automating System Tasks" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html" title="19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Batch" /><link rel="next" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="
right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-OProfile.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">19.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263479286192" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474673344" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263474671904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html" title="Chapter 19. Automating System Tasks" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html" title="19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Batch" /><link rel="next" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-OProfile.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">19.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225451553408" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225451551968" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225447659888" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To learn more about configuring automated tasks, see the following installed documentation:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">cron(8)</code> man page contains an overview of cron.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-autotasks-at-batch.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-autotasks-at-batch.html
index 40c3d6a..55da87f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-autotasks-at-batch.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-autotasks-at-batch.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html" title="Chapter 19. Automating System Tasks" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html" title="Chapter 19. Automating System Tasks" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Atd-Running.html" title="19.2.2. Running the At Service" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Atd-Running.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-at-batch"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">19.2. At and Batch</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263473786656" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263473785216" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html" title="Chapter 19. Automating System Tasks" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html" title="Chapter 19. Automating System Tasks" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Atd-Running.html" title="19.2.2. Running the At Service" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href=
"http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Atd-Running.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-at-batch"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">19.2. At and Batch</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225441124000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225441122560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
While Cron is used to schedule recurring tasks, the <span class="application"><strong>At</strong></span> utility is used to schedule a one-time task at a specific time and the <span class="application"><strong>Batch</strong></span> utility is used to schedule a one-time task to be executed when the system load average drops below 0.8.
</div><div class="section" id="sect-At_and_Batch_Installation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.2.1. Installing At and Batch</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To determine if the <span class="package">at</span> package is already installed on your system, issue the following command:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html
index a6606be..6260b81 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Actions.html" title="18.2.2. Actions" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class=
"right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Actions.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263495281728" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Actions.html" title="18.2.2. Actions" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right
" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Actions.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225475013600" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The main configuration file for <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> is <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code>. Here, you can specify <em class="firstterm">global directives</em>, <em class="firstterm">modules</em>, and <em class="firstterm">rules</em> that consist of <em class="firstterm">filter</em> and <em class="firstterm">action</em> parts. Also, you can add comments in the form of text following a hash sign (<code class="literal">#</code>).
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-Filters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.1. Filters</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263488011040" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-Filters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.1. Filters</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225493851568" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A rule is specified by a <span class="emphasis"><em>filter</em></span> part, which selects a subset of syslog messages, and an <span class="emphasis"><em>action</em></span> part, which specifies what to do with the selected messages. To define a rule in your <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> configuration file, define both, a filter and an action, on one line and separate them with one or more spaces or tabs.
</div><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> offers various ways to filter syslog messages according to selected properties. The available filtering methods can be divided into <span class="emphasis"><em>Facility/Priority-based</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>Property-based</em></span>, and <span class="emphasis"><em>Expression-based</em></span> filters.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-check-rpm-sig.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-check-rpm-sig.html
index 114fb94..ff9269b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-check-rpm-sig.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-check-rpm-sig.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html" title="A.3. Finding and Verifying RPM Packages" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html" title="A.3. Finding and Verifying RPM Packages" /><link rel="next" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html" title="A.4. Common Examples of RPM Usage" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" h
ref="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-check-rpm-sig"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.3.2. Checking Package Signatures</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263478682704" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478681264" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478679856" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html" title="A.3. Finding and Verifying RPM Packages" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html" title="A.3. Finding and Verifying RPM Packages" /><link rel="next" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html" title="A.4. Common Examples of RPM Usage" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="h
ttp://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-check-rpm-sig"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.3.2. Checking Package Signatures</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225464077120" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225464075680" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225464074272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages can be signed using <span class="application"><strong>GNU Privacy Guard</strong></span> (or <span class="application"><strong>GPG</strong></span>), which helps you make certain that downloaded packages are trustworthy. <span class="application"><strong>GPG</strong></span> is a tool for secure communication. With <span class="application"><strong>GPG</strong></span>, you can authenticate the validity of documents and encrypt or decrypt data.
</div><div class="para">
To verify that a package has not been corrupted or tampered with, check its <span class="application"><strong>GPG</strong></span> signature by using the <code class="command">rpmkeys</code> command with the <code class="option">-K</code> (or <code class="option">--checksig</code>) option:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html
index e347498..65ced01 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-managing_queues.html" title="18.4.2. Managing Queues" /><link rel="next" href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html" title="18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" h
ref="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-managing_queues.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-managing_queues.html" title="18.4.2. Managing Queues" /><link rel="next" href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html" title="18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="h
ttp://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-managing_queues.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">rsyslog</code> service provides facilities both for running a logging server and for configuring individual systems to send their log files to the logging server. See <a class="xref" href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html#ex-net_forwarding_with_queue">Example 18.12, “Reliable Forwarding of Log Messages to a Server”</a> for information on client rsyslog configuration.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">rsyslog</code> service must be installed on the system that you intend to use as a logging server and all systems that will be configured to send logs to it. Rsyslog is installed by default in Fedora 24. If required, to ensure that it is, enter the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-debugging_rsyslog.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-debugging_rsyslog.html
index a5d93cf..ccbc499 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-debugging_rsyslog.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-debugging_rsyslog.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html" title="18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server.html" title="18.10. Troubleshooting Logging to a Server" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/imag
es/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-debugging_rsyslog"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.9. Debugging Rsyslog</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263494706000" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html" title="18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server.html" title="18.10. Troubleshooting Logging to a Server" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/ima
ge_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Troubleshooting_Logging_to_a_Server.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-debugging_rsyslog"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.9. Debugging Rsyslog</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225473732160" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To run <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> in debugging mode, use the following command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> <code class="option">-dn</code></pre><div class="para">
With this command, <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> produces debugging information and prints it to the standard output. The <code class="option">-n</code> stands for "no fork". You can modify debugging with environmental variables, for example, you can store the debug output in a log file. Before starting <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code>, type the following on the command line:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-additional-resources.html
index 2fd2fd4..106b77b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-additional-resources.html
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. Mail Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-mua.html" title="11.5. Mail User Agents" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html" title="11.6.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="C
ommon_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-mua.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-email-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263477254208" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477252768" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477251328" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477249888" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. Mail Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-mua.html" title="11.5. Mail User Agents" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html" title="11.6.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_
Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-mua.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-email-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225427479216" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225427477776" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225427476336" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225427474896" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a list of additional documentation about email applications.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263477246832" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225447759456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Information on configuring Sendmail is included with the <span class="package">sendmail</span> and <span class="package">sendmail-cf</span> packages.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/sendmail-cf/README</code> — Contains information on the <code class="command">m4</code> macro processor, file locations for Sendmail, supported mailers, how to access enhanced features, and more.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-mda.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-mda.html
index c893ee4..b922b4b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-mda.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-mda.html
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. Mail Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-switchmail.html" title="11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html" title="11.4.2. Procmail Recipes" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://
docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-switchmail.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-email-mda"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.4. Mail Delivery Agents</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. Mail Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-switchmail.html" title="11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html" title="11.4.2. Procmail Recipes" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.f
edoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-switchmail.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-email-mda"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.4. Mail Delivery Agents</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
Fedora includes two primary MDAs, Procmail and <code class="command">mail</code>. Both of the applications are considered LDAs and both move email from the MTA's spool file into the user's mailbox. However, Procmail provides a robust filtering system.
</div><div class="para">
This section details only Procmail. For information on the <code class="command">mail</code> command, consult its man page (<code class="command">man mail</code>).
- </div><a id="idm263497411312" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497409872" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225498224096" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225498222656" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Procmail delivers and filters email as it is placed in the mail spool file of the localhost. It is powerful, gentle on system resources, and widely used. Procmail can play a critical role in delivering email to be read by email client applications.
</div><div class="para">
Procmail can be invoked in several different ways. Whenever an MTA places an email into the mail spool file, Procmail is launched. Procmail then filters and files the email for the MUA and quits. Alternatively, the MUA can be configured to execute Procmail any time a message is received so that messages are moved into their correct mailboxes. By default, the presence of <code class="filename">/etc/procmailrc</code> or of a <code class="filename">~/.procmailrc</code> file (also called an <em class="firstterm">rc</em> file) in the user's home directory invokes Procmail whenever an MTA receives a new message.
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
Whether Procmail acts upon an email message depends upon whether the message matches a specified set of conditions or <em class="firstterm">recipes</em> in the <code class="filename">rc</code> file. If a message matches a recipe, then the email is placed in a specified file, is deleted, or is otherwise processed.
</div><div class="para">
When Procmail starts, it reads the email message and separates the body from the header information. Next, Procmail looks for a <code class="filename">/etc/procmailrc</code> file and <code class="filename">rc</code> files in the <code class="filename">/etc/procmailrcs</code> directory for default, system-wide, Procmail environmental variables and recipes. Procmail then searches for a <code class="filename">.procmailrc</code> file in the user's home directory. Many users also create additional <code class="filename">rc</code> files for Procmail that are referred to within the <code class="filename">.procmailrc</code> file in their home directory.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.4.1. Procmail Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263487638560" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487637120" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.4.1. Procmail Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225453111920" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225453110480" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Procmail configuration file contains important environmental variables. These variables specify things such as which messages to sort and what to do with the messages that do not match any recipes.
</div><div class="para">
These environmental variables usually appear at the beginning of the <code class="filename">~/.procmailrc</code> file in the following format:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-mta.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-mta.html
index a7bb6de..f38cbdf 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-mta.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-mta.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. Mail Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-types-mua.html" title="11.2.3. Mail User Agent" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html" title="11.3.2. Sendmail" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Comm
on_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-types-mua.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-email-mta"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.3. Mail Transport Agents</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. Mail Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-types-mua.html" title="11.2.3. Mail User Agent" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html" title="11.3.2. Sendmail" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Con
tent/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-types-mua.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-email-mta"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.3. Mail Transport Agents</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
Fedora offers two primary MTAs: Postfix and Sendmail. Postfix is configured as the default MTA and Sendmail is considered deprecated. If required to switch the default MTA to Sendmail, you can either uninstall Postfix or use the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code> to switch to Sendmail:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">alternatives --config mta</code></pre><div class="para">
You can also use the following command to enable the desired service:
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
Similarly, to disable the service, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl disable <em class="replaceable"><code>service</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on how to manage system services in Fedora 24, see <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-postfix"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.3.1. Postfix</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263479621024" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479619584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-postfix"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.3.1. Postfix</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225453220176" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225453218736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Originally developed at IBM by security expert and programmer Wietse Venema, Postfix is a Sendmail-compatible MTA that is designed to be secure, fast, and easy to configure.
</div><div class="para">
To improve security, Postfix uses a modular design, where small processes with limited privileges are launched by a <em class="firstterm">master</em> daemon. The smaller, less privileged processes perform very specific tasks related to the various stages of mail delivery and run in a changed root environment to limit the effects of attacks.
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
Configuring Postfix to accept network connections from hosts other than the local computer takes only a few minor changes in its configuration file. Yet for those with more complex needs, Postfix provides a variety of configuration options, as well as third party add-ons that make it a very versatile and full-featured MTA.
</div><div class="para">
The configuration files for Postfix are human readable and support upward of 250 directives. Unlike Sendmail, no macro processing is required for changes to take effect and the majority of the most commonly used options are described in the heavily commented files.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-postfix-default"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.1.1. The Default Postfix Installation</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263477609088" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-postfix-default"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.1.1. The Default Postfix Installation</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225430431920" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Postfix executable is <code class="filename">postfix</code>. This daemon launches all related processes needed to handle mail delivery.
</div><div class="para">
Postfix stores its configuration files in the <code class="filename">/etc/postfix/</code> directory. The following is a list of the more commonly used files:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-mua.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-mua.html
index e8c8bf5..e3db52d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-mua.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-mua.html
@@ -6,19 +6,19 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. Mail Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html" title="11.4.2. Procmail Recipes" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html" title="11.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedorap
roject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-email-mua"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.5. Mail User Agents</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. Mail Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html" title="11.4.2. Procmail Recipes" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html" title="11.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject
.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-email-mua"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.5. Mail User Agents</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
Fedora offers a variety of email programs, both, graphical email client programs, such as <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, and text-based email programs such as <code class="command">mutt</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The remainder of this section focuses on securing communication between a client and a server.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-email-security"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.5.1. Securing Communication</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Popular MUAs included with Fedora, such as <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span> and <span class="application"><strong>Mutt</strong></span> offer SSL-encrypted email sessions.
- </div><a id="idm263476658912" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225462699920" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Like any other service that flows over a network unencrypted, important email information, such as user names, passwords, and entire messages, may be intercepted and viewed by users on the network. Additionally, since the standard <code class="systemitem">POP</code> and <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> protocols pass authentication information unencrypted, it is possible for an attacker to gain access to user accounts by collecting user names and passwords as they are passed over the network.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-security-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.5.1.1. Secure Email Clients</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263476653952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-security-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.5.1.1. Secure Email Clients</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225453593968" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most Linux MUAs designed to check email on remote servers support SSL encryption. To use SSL when retrieving email, it must be enabled on both the email client and the server.
</div><div class="para">
SSL is easy to enable on the client-side, often done with the click of a button in the MUA's configuration window or via an option in the MUA's configuration file. Secure <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP</code> have known port numbers (<code class="constant">993</code> and <code class="constant">995</code>, respectively) that the MUA uses to authenticate and download messages.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-security-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.5.1.2. Securing Email Client Communications</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263476647072" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263476645152" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-security-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.5.1.2. Securing Email Client Communications</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225475717136" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225475715216" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Offering SSL encryption to <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP</code> users on the email server is a simple matter.
</div><div class="para">
First, create an SSL certificate. This can be done in two ways: by applying to a <em class="firstterm">Certificate Authority</em> (<em class="firstterm">CA</em>) for an SSL certificate or by creating a self-signed certificate.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-types.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-types.html
index ef80753..ce1c262 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-types.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-email-types.html
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. Mail Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. Mail Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-types-mda.html" title="11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img sr
c="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-types-mda.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-email-types"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.2. Email Program Classifications</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263490721424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. Mail Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. Mail Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-types-mda.html" title="11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Com
mon_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-types-mda.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-email-types"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">11.2. Email Program Classifications</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225490201824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In general, all email applications fall into at least one of three classifications. Each classification plays a specific role in the process of moving and managing email messages. While most users are only aware of the specific email program they use to receive and send messages, each one is important for ensuring that email arrives at the correct destination.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mta"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263490717984" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490716064" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490714624" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mta"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225490198384" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225431750336" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225431748896" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Mail Transport Agent</em> (<em class="firstterm">MTA</em>) transports email messages between hosts using <code class="systemitem">SMTP</code>. A message may involve several MTAs as it moves to its intended destination.
</div><div class="para">
While the delivery of messages between machines may seem rather straightforward, the entire process of deciding if a particular MTA can or should accept a message for delivery is quite complicated. In addition, due to problems from spam, use of a particular MTA is usually restricted by the MTA's configuration or the access configuration for the network on which the MTA resides.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-find-verify-rpm.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-find-verify-rpm.html
index 0f5b8e3..7de1745 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-find-verify-rpm.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-find-verify-rpm.html
@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html" title="A.2.5. Verifying Packages" /><link rel="next" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html" title="A.3.2. Checking Package Signatures" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Co
ntent/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-find-verify-rpm"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.3. Finding and Verifying RPM Packages</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263478703952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html" title="A.2.5. Verifying Packages" /><link rel="next" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html" title="A.3.2. Checking Package Signatures" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/
images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-find-verify-rpm"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.3. Finding and Verifying RPM Packages</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225432117584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Before using any <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages, you must know where to find them and be able to verify if you can trust them.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-finding"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.3.1. Finding RPM Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263478700560" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478699152" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-finding"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.3.1. Finding RPM Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225432114192" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225432112784" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although there are many <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> repositories on the Internet, for security and compatibility reasons, you should consider installing only official Fedora-provided RPM packages. The following is a list of sources for <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- <a id="idm263478695200" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="idm263478693792" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225432108832" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225432107424" class="indexterm"></a>
Official Fedora installation media.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- <a id="idm263478691456" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="idm263478690048" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225432105088" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225464084464" class="indexterm"></a>
Official <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> repositories provided with the <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> package manager. See <a class="xref" href="ch-DNF.html">Chapter 6, <em>DNF</em></a> for details on how to use the official Fedora package repositories.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Unofficial, third-party repositories not affiliated with The Fedora Project also provide RPM packages.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html
index 58eb791..26a9a54 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-using_RELP.html" title="18.6.4. Using RELP" /><link rel="next" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html" title="18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class
="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-using_RELP.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-using_RELP.html" title="18.6.4. Using RELP" /><link rel="next" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html" title="18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="righ
t" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-using_RELP.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
As mentioned above, <span class="application"><strong>Rsyslog</strong></span> and <span class="application"><strong>Journal</strong></span>, the two logging applications present on your system, have several distinctive features that make them suitable for specific use cases. In many situations it is useful to combine their capabilities, for example to create structured messages and store them in a file database (see <a class="xref" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html">Section 18.8, “Structured Logging with Rsyslog”</a>). A communication interface needed for this cooperation is provided by input and output modules on the side of <span class="application"><strong>Rsyslog</strong></span> and by the <span class="application"><strong>Journal</strong></span>'s communication socket.
</div><div class="para">
By default, <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> uses the <code class="systemitem">imjournal</code> module as a default input mode for journal files. With this module, you import not only the messages but also the structured data provided by <code class="systemitem">journald</code>. Also, older data can be imported from <code class="systemitem">journald</code> (unless forbidden with the <code class="option">$ImjournalIgnorePreviousMessages</code> directive). See <a class="xref" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html#s2-importing_data_from_journal">Section 18.8.1, “Importing Data from Journal”</a> for basic configuration of <code class="systemitem">imjournal</code>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-boot-loader.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-boot-loader.html
index b4d0728..526854b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-boot-loader.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-boot-loader.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html" title="22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html" title="22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/
image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-boot-loader"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263487359152" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html" title="22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html" title="22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_
left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-boot-loader"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225475522016" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When you install a kernel using <code class="command">rpm</code>, the kernel package creates an entry in the boot loader configuration file for that new kernel. However, <code class="command">rpm</code> does <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> configure the new kernel to boot as the default kernel. You must do this manually when installing a new kernel with <code class="command">rpm</code>.
</div><div class="para">
It is always recommended to double-check the boot loader configuration file after installing a new kernel with <code class="command">rpm</code> to ensure that the configuration is correct. Otherwise, the system might not be able to boot into Fedora properly. If this happens, boot the system with the boot media created earlier and re-configure the boot loader.
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
z/IPL
</td><td class="">
—
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">22.6.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263488100240" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263488098800" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">22.6.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225475778640" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225475777200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora 24 is distributed with GRUB 2, which reads its configuration from the <code class="filename">/boot/grub2/grub.cfg</code> file. This file is generated by the <span class="application"><strong>grub2-mkconfig</strong></span> utility based on Linux kernels located in the <code class="filename">/boot</code> directory, template files located in <code class="filename">/etc/grub.d/</code>, and custom settings in the <code class="filename">/etc/default/grub</code> file and is automatically updated each time you install a new kernel from an RPM package. To update this configuration file manually, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">grub2-mkconfig</code> <code class="option">-o</code> <code class="option">/boot/grub2/grub.cfg</code></pre><div class="para">
Among various code snippets and directives, the <code class="filename">/boot/grub2/grub.cfg</code> configuration file contains one or more <code class="literal">menuentry</code> blocks, each representing a single GRUB 2 boot menu entry. These blocks always start with the <code class="literal">menuentry</code> keyword followed by a title, list of options, and opening curly bracket, and end with a closing curly bracket. Anything between the opening and closing bracket should be indented. For example, the following is a sample <code class="literal">menuentry</code> block for Fedora 21 with Linux kernel 3.17.6-300.fc21.x86_64:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-download.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-download.html
index 8ba7324..21e3a36 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-download.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-download.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html" title="22.2. Preparing to Upgrade" /><link rel="next" href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html" title="22.4. Performing the Upgrade" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="righ
t" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-download"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263486544976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263486543536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263486542128" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482379600" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html" title="22.2. Preparing to Upgrade" /><link rel="next" href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html" title="22.4. Performing the Upgrade" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" hre
f="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-download"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225472382128" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472380688" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472379280" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225472377424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There are several ways to determine if an updated kernel is available for the system.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Security Advisories — See <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FSA">http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FSA</a> for information on Security Advisories, including kernel upgrades that fix security issues.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html
index ed4f3b7..9f526fe 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 23. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-loading-signed-kernel-module.html" title="23.7.6. Loading Signed Kernel Module" /><link rel="next" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="ht
tp://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-loading-signed-kernel-module.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-RPM.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.8. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 23. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-loading-signed-kernel-module.html" title="23.7.6. Loading Signed Kernel Module" /><link rel="next" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://d
ocs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-loading-signed-kernel-module.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-RPM.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.8. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
For more information on kernel modules and their utilities, see the following resources.
</div><h3 id="bh-Manual_Page_Documentation">Manual Page Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">lsmod(8)</code> — The manual page for the <code class="command">lsmod</code> command.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html
index 3a02952..62dca26 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kernel-download.html" title="22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html" title="22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png"
alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kernel-download.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.4. Performing the Upgrade</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263482371824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kernel-download.html" title="22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html" title="22.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="P
roduct Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kernel-download.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.4. Performing the Upgrade</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225458500928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
After retrieving all of the necessary packages, it is time to upgrade the existing kernel.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Keep the old kernel when performing the upgrade</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
It is strongly recommended that you keep the old kernel in case there are problems with the new kernel.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-preparing.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-preparing.html
index 9b6778d..d24b7d5 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-preparing.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-kernel-preparing.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="next" href="s1-kernel-download.html" title="22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Pro
duct Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-kernel-download.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-preparing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.2. Preparing to Upgrade</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263482164960" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482164000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482162080" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482160640" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 22. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="next" href="s1-kernel-download.html" title="22.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product S
ite" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-kernel-download.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-preparing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">22.2. Preparing to Upgrade</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225465254240" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225465253280" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225465251360" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225430339760" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Before upgrading the kernel, it is recommended that you take some precautionary steps.
</div><div class="para">
First, ensure that working boot media exists for the system in case a problem occurs. If the boot loader is not configured properly to boot the new kernel, you can use this media to boot into Fedora.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-log-files-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-log-files-additional-resources.html
index b013ebe..affdeb6 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-log-files-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-log-files-additional-resources.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-logfiles-examining.html" title="18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html" title="Chapter 19. Automating System Tasks" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></
a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-logfiles-examining.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-log-files-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.13. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-logfiles-examining.html" title="18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html" title="Chapter 19. Automating System Tasks" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a c
lass="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-logfiles-examining.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-log-files-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.13. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
For more information on how to configure the <code class="systemitem">rsyslog</code> daemon and how to locate, view, and monitor log files, see the resources listed below.
</div><h3 id="brid-Log_Files-Resources-Installed">Installed Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code>(8) — The manual page for the <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> daemon documents its usage.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html
index df4bccb..6e0e520 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html" title="18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage" /><link rel="next" href="s2-logfiles-adding.html" title="18.12.2. Adding a Log File" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a>
<a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-logfiles-adding.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html" title="18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage" /><link rel="next" href="s2-logfiles-adding.html" title="18.12.2. Adding a Log File" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a cla
ss="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-logfiles-adding.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
As an alternative to the aforementioned command-line utilities, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 provides an accessible GUI for managing log messages.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-logfiles-viewing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.12.1. Viewing Log Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263482667808" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-logfiles-viewing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.12.1. Viewing Log Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225453925664" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most log files are stored in plain text format. You can view them with any text editor such as <code class="command">Vi</code> or <span class="application"><strong>Emacs</strong></span>. Some log files are readable by all users on the system; however, root privileges are required to read most log files.
- </div><a id="idm263482664736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225460338816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To view system log files in an interactive, real-time application, use the <span class="application"><strong>System Log</strong></span>.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the gnome-system-log package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use the <span class="application"><strong>System Log</strong></span>, first ensure the <span class="package">gnome-system-log</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">gnome-system-log</code>
</pre><div class="para">
The application only displays log files that exist; thus, the list might differ from the one shown in <a class="xref" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html#fig-redhat-logviewer">Figure 18.2, “System Log”</a>.
- </div><a id="idm263479512992" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479511392" class="indexterm"></a><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-logviewer"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/redhat-logviewer.png" width="444" alt="System Log" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225452750512" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452748912" class="indexterm"></a><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-logviewer"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/redhat-logviewer.png" width="444" alt="System Log" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
System Log
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 18.2. System Log</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="idm263495936336" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 18.2. System Log</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="idm225469219008" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>System Log</strong></span> application lets you filter any existing log file. Click on the button marked with the gear symbol to view the menu, select <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Filters</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Manage Filters</strong></span> to define or edit the desired filter.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-filters"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/redhat-filters.png" alt="System Log - Filters" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
System Log - Filters
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html
index 1d27f35..fd1596a 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html" title="15.19. Configuring Clock Sources" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html" title="15.20.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="r
ight" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-ntpd_additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.20. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html" title="15.19. Configuring Clock Sources" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html" title="15.20.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Configuring_Clock_Sources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-ntpd_additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">15.20. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following sources of information provide additional resources regarding <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> and <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code>.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-ntpd-docs-inst"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.20.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">ntpd(8)</code> man page — Describes <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code> in detail, including the command line options.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-openssh-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-openssh-additional-resources.html
index 998e3b8..da4dd2e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-openssh-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-openssh-additional-resources.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 8. OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html" title="8.5.2. Port Forwarding" /><link rel="next" href="ch-TigerVNC.html" title="Chapter 9. TigerVNC" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/i
mages/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-TigerVNC.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-openssh-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263483750832" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263483749392" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 8. OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html" title="8.5.2. Port Forwarding" /><link rel="next" href="ch-TigerVNC.html" title="Chapter 9. TigerVNC" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/
image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-TigerVNC.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-openssh-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225459039280" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225459037840" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For more information on how to configure or connect to an OpenSSH server on Fedora, see the resources listed below.
</div><h3 id="bh-OpenSSH-Resources-Installed">Installed Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">sshd</code>(8) — The manual page for the <code class="systemitem">sshd</code> daemon documents available command line options and provides a complete list of supported configuration files and directories.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html
index 8fb518a..808f870 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html" title="20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html" title="20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" hr
ef="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.6. Analyzing the Data</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263489921584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html" title="20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html" title="20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="ht
tp://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.6. Analyzing the Data</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225475972144" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The same OProfile post-processing tools are used whether you collect your profile with <code class="command">operf</code> or <code class="command">opcontrol</code> in legacy mode.
</div><div class="para">
By default, <code class="command">operf</code> stores the profiling data in the <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>current_dir</code></em>/oprofile_data/</code> directory. You can change to a different location with the <code class="option">--session-dir</code> option. The usual post-profiling analysis tools such as <code class="command">opreport</code> and <code class="command">opannotate</code> can be used to generate profile reports. These tools search for samples in <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>current_dir</code></em>/oprofile_data/</code> first. If this directory does not exist, the analysis tools use the standard session directory of <code class="filename">/var/lib/oprofile/</code>. Statistics, such as total samples received and lost samples, are written to the <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>session_dir</code></em>/samples/operf.log</code> file.
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
The executable being profiled must be used with these tools to analyze the data. If it must change after the data is collected, back up the executable used to create the samples as well as the sample files. Note that the names of the sample file and the binary have to agree. You cannot make a backup if these names do not match. As an alternative, <code class="command">oparchive</code> can be used to address this problem.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
Samples for each executable are written to a single sample file. Samples from each dynamically linked library are also written to a single sample file. While OProfile is running, if the executable being monitored changes and a sample file for the executable exists, the existing sample file is automatically deleted. Thus, if the existing sample file is needed, it must be backed up, along with the executable used to create it before replacing the executable with a new version. The OProfile analysis tools use the executable file that created the samples during analysis. If the executable changes, the analysis tools will be unable to analyze the associated samples. See <a class="xref" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">Section 20.5, “Saving Data in Legacy Mode”</a> for details on how to back up the sample file.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.6.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263495326816" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263495324896" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.6.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225457086736" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225457084816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">opreport</code> tool provides an overview of all the executables being profiled. The following is part of a sample output from the <code class="command">opreport</code> command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">opreport</code>
Profiling through timer interrupt
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html
index acf22a3..deb34f3 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html" title="20.10. Graphical Interface" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html" title="20.12. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org">
<img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.11. OProfile and SystemTap</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263478573200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html" title="20.10. Graphical Interface" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html" title="20.12. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img s
rc="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.11. OProfile and SystemTap</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225469596128" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
SystemTap is a tracing and probing tool that allows users to study and monitor the activities of the operating system in fine detail. It provides information similar to the output of tools like <code class="command">netstat</code>, <code class="command">ps</code>, <code class="command">top</code>, and <code class="command">iostat</code>; however, SystemTap is designed to provide more filtering and analysis options for the collected information.
</div><div class="para">
While using OProfile is suggested in cases of collecting data on where and why the processor spends time in a particular area of code, it is less usable when finding out why the processor stays idle.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-configuring.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-configuring.html
index c2329e6..8fe8104 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-configuring.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-configuring.html
@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-operf-categorization.html" title="20.2.3. Categorization of Samples" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-events.html" title="20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraprojec
t.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-operf-categorization.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-events.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263496435840" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496434400" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496432800" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-operf-categorization.html" title="20.2.3. Categorization of Samples" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-events.html" title="20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"
><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-operf-categorization.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-events.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225470476560" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470475120" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470473520" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Before OProfile can be run in legacy mode, it must be configured. At a minimum, selecting to monitor the kernel (or selecting not to monitor the kernel) is required. The following sections describe how to use the <code class="command">opcontrol</code> utility to configure OProfile. As the <code class="command">opcontrol</code> commands are executed, the setup options are saved to the <code class="filename">/root/.oprofile/daemonrc</code> file.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-kernel"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.3.1. Specifying the Kernel</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263486583568" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-kernel"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.3.1. Specifying the Kernel</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225475873648" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
First, configure whether OProfile should monitor the kernel. This is the only configuration option that is required before starting OProfile. All others are optional.
</div><div class="para">
To monitor the kernel, execute the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
- </div><a id="idm263486580368" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --setup --vmlinux=/usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/`uname -r`/vmlinux</code></pre><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Install the debuginfo package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225475870448" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --setup --vmlinux=/usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/`uname -r`/vmlinux</code></pre><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Install the debuginfo package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to monitor the kernel, the <span class="package">debuginfo</span> package which contains the uncompressed kernel must be installed.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
To configure OProfile not to monitor the kernel, execute the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
- </div><a id="idm263478253824" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --setup --no-vmlinux</code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225428199792" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --setup --no-vmlinux</code></pre><div class="para">
This command also loads the <code class="computeroutput">oprofile</code> kernel module, if it is not already loaded, and creates the <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> directory, if it does not already exist. See <a class="xref" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">Section 20.7, “Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory ”</a> for details about this directory.
</div><div class="para">
Setting whether samples should be collected within the kernel only changes what data is collected, not how or where the collected data is stored. To generate different sample files for the kernel and application libraries, see <a class="xref" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">Section 20.3.3, “Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles”</a>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html
index 74c73cf..ef51663 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html" title="20.6.4. Using opannotate" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html" title="20.8. Example Usage" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><i
mg src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263484188208" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263484186304" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html" title="20.6.4. Using opannotate" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html" title="20.8. Example Usage" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src
="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory </h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225457213712" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225457211808" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When using OProfile in legacy mode, the <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> directory is used to store the file system for OProfile. On the other hand, <code class="command">operf</code> does not require <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code>. Use the <code class="command">cat</code> command to display the values of the virtual files in this file system. For example, the following command displays the type of processor OProfile detected:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">cat /dev/oprofile/cpu_type</code></pre><div class="para">
A directory exists in <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> for each counter. For example, if there are 2 counters, the directories <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/0/</code> and <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/1/</code> exist.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-example-usage.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-example-usage.html
index 1faa9e3..cdc1aab 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-example-usage.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-example-usage.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html" title="20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html" title="20.9. OProfile Support for Java" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http
://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-example-usage"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.8. Example Usage</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html" title="20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html" title="20.9. OProfile Support for Java" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://doc
s.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-example-usage"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.8. Example Usage</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
While OProfile can be used by developers to analyze application performance, it can also be used by system administrators to perform system analysis. For example:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Determine which applications and services are used the most on a system</em></span> — <code class="command">opreport</code> can be used to determine how much processor time an application or service uses. If the system is used for multiple services but is underperforming, the services consuming the most processor time can be moved to dedicated systems.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-gui.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-gui.html
index 62d28d7..0b6736c 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-gui.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-gui.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html" title="20.9. OProfile Support for Java" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html" title="20.11. OProfile and SystemTap" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproj
ect.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-gui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.10. Graphical Interface</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263483438160" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html" title="20.9. OProfile Support for Java" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html" title="20.11. OProfile and SystemTap" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.or
g"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-gui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.10. Graphical Interface</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225471341888" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Some OProfile preferences can be set with a graphical interface. Make sure you have the <code class="filename">oprofile-gui</code> package that provides the OProfile GUI installed on your system. To start the interface, execute the <code class="command">oprof_start</code> command as root at a shell prompt.
</div><div class="para">
After changing any of the options, save them by clicking the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Save and quit</strong></span> button. The preferences are written to <code class="filename">/root/.oprofile/daemonrc</code>, and the application exits. Exiting the application does not stop OProfile from sampling.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-java-support.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-java-support.html
index bdd4cf6..014ffeb 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-java-support.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-java-support.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html" title="20.8. Example Usage" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html" title="20.10. Graphical Interface" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Commo
n_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-java-support"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.9. OProfile Support for Java</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263478205264" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html" title="20.8. Example Usage" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html" title="20.10. Graphical Interface" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Cont
ent/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-java-support"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.9. OProfile Support for Java</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225470977248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OProfile allows you to profile dynamically compiled code (also known as "just-in-time" or JIT code) of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). OProfile in Fedora 24 includes built-in support for the JVM Tools Interface (JVMTI) agent library, which supports Java 1.5 and higher.
</div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-java-profiling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.9.1. Profiling Java Code</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To profile JIT code from the Java Virtual Machine with the JVMTI agent, add the following to the JVM startup parameters:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-saving-data.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-saving-data.html
index 869d55c..f3c73fd 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-saving-data.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-saving-data.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html" title="20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.6. Analyzing the Data" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://
docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-saving-data"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263479531776" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html" title="20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.6. Analyzing the Data" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.f
edoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-saving-data"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225475980736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Sometimes it is useful to save samples at a specific time. For example, when profiling an executable, it may be useful to gather different samples based on different input data sets. If the number of events to be monitored exceeds the number of counters available for the processor, multiple runs of OProfile can be used to collect data, saving the sample data to different files each time.
</div><div class="para">
To save the current set of sample files, execute the following command, replacing <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> with a unique descriptive name for the current session:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-starting.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-starting.html
index effb9c6..d935751 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-starting.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile-starting.html
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html" title="20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html" title="20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href
="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263479175536" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html" title="20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html" title="20.5. Saving Data in Legacy Mode" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http
://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225466770736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start monitoring the system with OProfile, execute the following command as root:
- </div><a id="idm263479173536" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --start</code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225466768736" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --start</code></pre><div class="para">
Output similar to the following is displayed:
</div><pre class="screen">Using log file /var/lib/oprofile/oprofiled.log Daemon started. Profiler running.</pre><div class="para">
The settings in <code class="filename">/root/.oprofile/daemonrc</code> are used.
- </div><a id="idm263479168032" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479548832" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479547232" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225454317984" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454316064" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454314464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The OProfile daemon, <code class="command">oprofiled</code>, is started; it periodically writes the sample data to the <code class="filename">/var/lib/oprofile/samples/</code> directory. The log file for the daemon is located at <code class="filename">/var/lib/oprofile/oprofiled.log</code>.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Disable the nmi_watchdog registers</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
On a Fedora 24 system, the <code class="computeroutput">nmi_watchdog</code> registers with the <code class="computeroutput">perf</code> subsystem. Due to this, the <code class="computeroutput">perf</code> subsystem grabs control of the performance counter registers at boot time, blocking OProfile from working.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html
index 7108b98..585f419 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-oprofile_additional_resources.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html" title="20.11. OProfile and SystemTap" /><link rel="next" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html" title="Part VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class
="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile_additional_resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.12. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263478565440" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html" title="20.11. OProfile and SystemTap" /><link rel="next" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html" title="Part VI. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="righ
t" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile_additional_resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.12. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225473825808" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To learn more about OProfile and how to configure it, see the following resources.
</div><h3 id="br-oprofile_installed_documentation">Installed Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/oprofile/oprofile.html</code> — <em class="citetitle">OProfile Manual</em>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-additional-resources.html
index 0f8d7a7..01ca65d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-additional-resources.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-edit.html" title="13.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html" title="Chapter 14. Configuring NTP Using the chrony Suite" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Si
te" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-edit.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.11. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-edit.html" title="13.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html" title="Chapter 14. Configuring NTP Using the chrony Suite" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" />
</a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-edit.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.11. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To learn more about printing on Fedora, see the following resources.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-printing-additional-resources-installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.3.11.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="command">man lp</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The manual page for the <code class="command">lpr</code> command that allows you to print files from the command line.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-edit.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-edit.html
index 555ea04..3f83e4c 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-edit.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-edit.html
@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-test-page.html" title="13.3.9. Printing a Test Page" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html" title="13.3.11. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="h
ttp://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-test-page.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-edit"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-test-page.html" title="13.3.9. Printing a Test Page" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html" title="13.3.11. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://
docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-test-page.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-edit"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To delete an existing printer, in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Printer</strong></span> configuration window, select the printer and go to <span class="guimenu"><strong>Printer</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Delete</strong></span>. Confirm the printer deletion. Alternatively, press the <span class="keycap"><strong>Delete</strong></span> key.
</div><div class="para">
To set the default printer, right-click the printer in the printer list and click the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Set As Default</strong></span> button in the context menu.
- </div><div class="section" id="idm263482396192"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="idm263482396192">13.3.10.1. The Settings Page</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263482395392" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="idm225467890464"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="idm225467890464">13.3.10.1. The Settings Page</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225477055856" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To change printer driver configuration, double-click the corresponding name in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Printer</strong></span> list and click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Settings</strong></span> label on the left to display the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Settings</strong></span> page.
</div><div class="para">
You can modify printer settings such as make and model, print a test page, change the device location (URI), and more.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-printconf-config1"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/printconf-config1.png" alt="Settings page" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Settings Page
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 13.11. Settings page</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="idm263482424368"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="idm263482424368">13.3.10.2. The Policies Page</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 13.11. Settings page</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="idm225455435216"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="idm225455435216">13.3.10.2. The Policies Page</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
Click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Policies</strong></span> button on the left to change settings in printer state and print output.
</div><div class="para">
You can select the printer states, configure the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Error Policy</strong></span> of the printer (you can decide to abort the print job, retry, or stop it if an error occurs).
</div><div class="para">
You can also create a <em class="firstterm">banner page</em> (a page that describes aspects of the print job such as the originating printer, the user name from the which the job originated, and the security status of the document being printed): click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Starting Banner</strong></span> or <span class="guilabel"><strong>Ending Banner</strong></span> drop-down menu and choose the option that best describes the nature of the print jobs (for example, <span class="guilabel"><strong>confidential</strong></span>).
- </div><div class="section" id="sec-Sharing_Printers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title">13.3.10.2.1. Sharing Printers</h5></div></div></div><a id="idm263477719744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sec-Sharing_Printers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title">13.3.10.2.1. Sharing Printers</h5></div></div></div><a id="idm225495930000" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
On the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Policies</strong></span> page, you can mark a printer as shared: if a printer is shared, users published on the network can use it. To allow the sharing function for printers, go to <span class="guimenu"><strong>Server</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Settings</strong></span> and select <span class="guilabel"><strong>Publish shared printers connected to this system</strong></span>.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-printconf-config2"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/printconf-config2.png" alt="Policies page" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Policies Page
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Ink/Toner Levels</strong></span> page contains details on toner status if available and printer status messages. Click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Ink/Toner Levels</strong></span> label on the left to display the page.
</div><div class="figure" id="mediaobj-printconf-config6"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/printconf-config6.png" alt="Ink/Toner Levels page" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Ink/Toner Levels Page
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 13.16. Ink/Toner Levels page</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-printing-managing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.3.10.3. Managing Print Jobs</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263490264448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 13.16. Ink/Toner Levels page</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-printing-managing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.3.10.3. Managing Print Jobs</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225475227200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When you send a print job to the printer daemon, such as printing a text file from <span class="application"><strong>Emacs</strong></span> or printing an image from <span class="application"><strong>GIMP</strong></span>, the print job is added to the print spool queue. The print spool queue is a list of print jobs that have been sent to the printer and information about each print request, such as the status of the request, the job number, and more.
</div><div class="para">
During the printing process, messages informing about the process appear in the notification area.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-ipp-printer.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-ipp-printer.html
index 0c57bbf..5c7198b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-ipp-printer.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-ipp-printer.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html" title="13.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer" /><link rel="next" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html" title="13.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product S
ite" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-ipp-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263478596528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html" title="13.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer" /><link rel="next" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html" title="13.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /
></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-ipp-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225465496336" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
An <code class="systemitem">IPP</code> printer is a printer attached to a different system on the same TCP/IP network. The system this printer is attached to may either be running CUPS or simply configured to use <code class="systemitem">IPP</code>.
</div><div class="para">
If a firewall is enabled on the printer server, then the firewall must be configured to allow incoming <code class="systemitem">TCP</code> connections on port <code class="literal">631</code>. Note that the CUPS browsing protocol allows client machines to discover shared CUPS queues automatically. To enable this, the firewall on the client machine must be configured to allow incoming <code class="systemitem">UDP</code> packets on port <code class="literal">631</code>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html
index 38024ca..72d6111 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html" title="13.3.3. Adding a Local Printer" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html" title="13.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http:
//docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html" title="13.3.3. Adding a Local Printer" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html" title="13.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs
.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Follow this procedure to add an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer:
</div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_JetDirect_Printer"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Open the <code class="systemitem">Add a New Printer</code> dialog (refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">Section 13.3.1, “Starting the Printers Configuration Tool”</a>).
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-select-model.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-select-model.html
index 75e1df7..71c7bce 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-select-model.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-select-model.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html" title="13.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-test-page.html" title="13.3.9. Printing a Test Page" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="htt
p://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-test-page.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-select-model"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html" title="13.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-test-page.html" title="13.3.9. Printing a Test Page" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://do
cs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-test-page.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-select-model"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Once you have properly selected a printer connection type, the system attempts to acquire a driver. If the process fails, you can locate or search for the driver resources manually.
</div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Selecting_Driver"><div class="para">
Follow this procedure to provide the printer driver and finish the installation:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-smb-printer.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-smb-printer.html
index 1ea2ae9..e247741 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-smb-printer.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-smb-printer.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html" title="13.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-select-model.html" title="13.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site"
/></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-select-model.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-smb-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263481761792" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478594912" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_SMB_Printer"><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html" title="13.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-select-model.html" title="13.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a
><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-select-model.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-smb-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225431901296" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225447360544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_SMB_Printer"><div class="para">
Follow this procedure to add a Samba printer:
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the samba-client package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Note that in order to add a Samba printer, you need to have the <span class="package">samba-client</span> package installed. You can do so by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-test-page.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-test-page.html
index e57c3bc..ab1c9fd 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-test-page.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-printing-test-page.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-select-model.html" title="13.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-edit.html" title="13.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class=
"right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-select-model.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-edit.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-test-page"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.9. Printing a Test Page</h3></div></div></div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Printing_Test_Page"><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-select-model.html" title="13.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-edit.html" title="13.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right
" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-select-model.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-edit.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-test-page"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.9. Printing a Test Page</h3></div></div></div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Printing_Test_Page"><div class="para">
After you have set up a printer or changed a printer configuration, print a test page to make sure the printer is functioning properly:
</div><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Right-click the printer in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Printing</strong></span> window and click <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Properties</strong></span>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-rpm-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-rpm-additional-resources.html
index 495424e..6a9b0d7 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-rpm-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-rpm-additional-resources.html
@@ -6,16 +6,16 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html" title="A.4. Common Examples of RPM Usage" /><link rel="next" href="app-Revision_History.html" title="Appendix B. Revision History" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img sr
c="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="app-Revision_History.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263489241744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html" title="A.4. Common Examples of RPM Usage" /><link rel="next" href="app-Revision_History.html" title="Appendix B. Revision History" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Com
mon_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="app-Revision_History.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225441552000" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> is a complex utility with many options and methods for querying, installing, upgrading, and removing packages. See the following resources to learn more about <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>.
</div><h3 id="brid-rpm-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">rpm --help</code> — This command displays a quick reference of <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> parameters.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rpm</span>(8)</span> — The <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> manual page offers an overview of all available <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> parameters.
- </div></li></ul></div><h3 id="brid-rpm-resources-online">Online Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><a id="idm263489231360" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489229920" class="indexterm"></a><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><h3 id="brid-rpm-resources-online">Online Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><a id="idm225441541168" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225441539728" class="indexterm"></a><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> website — <a href="http://www.rpm.org/">http://www.rpm.org/</a>
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> mailing list — <a href="http://lists.rpm.org/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list">http://lists.rpm.org/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list</a>
- </div></li></ul></div><h3 id="brid-rpm-resources-also">See Also</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><a id="idm263489222864" class="indexterm"></a><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><h3 id="brid-rpm-resources-also">See Also</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><a id="idm225469241456" class="indexterm"></a><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="ch-DNF.html">Chapter 6, <em>DNF</em></a> describes how to use the <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> package manager to search, install, update, and uninstall packages on the command line.
</div></li></ul></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-rpm-usage-examples.html"><strong>Prev</strong>A.4. Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="app-Revision_History.html"><strong>Next</strong>Appendix B. Revision History</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-rpm-usage-examples.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-rpm-usage-examples.html
index f3f6e2a..a2bcca9 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-rpm-usage-examples.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-rpm-usage-examples.html
@@ -6,22 +6,22 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html" title="A.3.2. Checking Package Signatures" /><link rel="next" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html" title="A.5. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src
="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-usage-examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.4. Common Examples of RPM Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263478656784" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478655344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html" title="A.3.2. Checking Package Signatures" /><link rel="next" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html" title="A.5. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Comm
on_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-usage-examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.4. Common Examples of RPM Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225457026400" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225461028560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> is a useful tool for both managing your system and diagnosing and fixing problems. See the following examples for an overview of some of the most-used options.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To verify your entire system and see what files are missing, issue the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
- </div><a id="idm263478650560" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478649152" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -Va</code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225461023776" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225461022368" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -Va</code></pre><div class="para">
If some files are missing or appear corrupted, consider reinstalling relevant packages.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To determine which package owns a file, enter:
- </div><a id="idm263478645728" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478644320" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -qf <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></code></pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225461018944" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225461017536" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -qf <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></code></pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To verify the package that owns a particular file, enter as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -Vf <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></code></pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To locate documentation files that are a part of a package to which a file belongs, enter:
- </div><a id="idm263489259504" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489258064" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489256656" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -qdf <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></code></pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225457376672" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225457375232" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225457373824" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -qdf <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em></code></pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To find information about a (non-installed) package file, use the following command:
- </div><a id="idm263489253328" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489251920" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -qip <em class="replaceable"><code>package.rpm</code></em></code></pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225457370384" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225457368976" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -qip <em class="replaceable"><code>package.rpm</code></em></code></pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To list files contained in a package, use:
- </div><a id="idm263489248592" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489247152" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -qlp <em class="replaceable"><code>package.rpm</code></em></code></pre></li></ul></div><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225457365648" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225457364208" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -qlp <em class="replaceable"><code>package.rpm</code></em></code></pre></li></ul></div><div class="para">
See the <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rpm</span>(8)</span> manual page for more options.
</div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html"><strong>Prev</strong>A.3.2. Checking Package Signatures</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong>A.5. Additional Resources</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-rpm-using.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-rpm-using.html
index f4a0c3f..f7bcb6a 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-rpm-using.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-rpm-using.html
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html" title="A.2.2. Uninstalling Packages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_rig
ht.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-RPM.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-using"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.2. Using RPM</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html" title="A.2.2. Uninstalling Packages" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png
" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-RPM.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-using"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">A.2. Using RPM</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> has five basic modes of operation
- <a id="idm263497285616" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225459536768" class="indexterm"></a>
(not counting package building): installing, uninstalling, upgrading, querying, and verifying. This section contains an overview of each mode. For complete details and options, try <code class="command">rpm --help</code> or see <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rpm</span>(8)</span>. Also, see <a class="xref" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html">Section A.5, “Additional Resources”</a> for more information on <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>.
- </div><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.1. Installing and Upgrading Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263477537952" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477536512" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477535072" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477533632" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477532192" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.1. Installing and Upgrading Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225459531536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225459530096" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225459528656" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225459527216" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225466746592" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages typically have file names in the following form:
</div><pre class="synopsis">package_name-version-release-operating_system-CPU_architecture.rpm</pre><div class="para">
For example the <code class="filename">tree-1.7.0-3.fc24.x86_64.rpm</code> file name includes the package name (<code class="filename">tree</code>), version (<code class="filename">1.7.0</code>), release (<code class="filename">3</code>), operating system major version (<code class="filename">fc24</code>) and <acronym class="acronym">CPU</acronym> architecture (<code class="filename">x86_64</code>).
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
If you do not have the appropriate key installed to verify the signature, the message contains the word <code class="computeroutput">NOKEY</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">warning: tree-1.7.0-3.fc24.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 431d51: NOKEY</pre><div class="para">
See <a class="xref" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Section A.3.2, “Checking Package Signatures”</a> for more information on checking package signatures.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-errors"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">A.2.1.1. Replacing Already-Installed Packages</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263473623472" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263473622032" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-errors"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">A.2.1.1. Replacing Already-Installed Packages</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225459031600" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225459030160" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If a package of the same name and version is already installed, the following output is displayed:
</div><pre class="screen">Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
package tree-1.7.0-3.fc24.x86_64 is already installed</pre><div class="para">
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@
This option is helpful if files installed from the package were deleted or if you want the original configuration files to be installed.
</div><div class="para">
If you attempt an upgrade to an <span class="emphasis"><em>older</em></span> version of a package (that is, if a newer version of the package is already installed), <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> informs you that a newer version is already installed. To force <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> to perform the downgrade, use the <code class="command">--oldpackage</code> option:
- </div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -Uvh --oldpackage <em class="replaceable"><code>older_package.rpm</code></em></code></pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-conflicting-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">A.2.1.2. Resolving File Conflicts</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263482804688" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482802768" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482801328" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -Uvh --oldpackage <em class="replaceable"><code>older_package.rpm</code></em></code></pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-conflicting-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">A.2.1.2. Resolving File Conflicts</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225459019984" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225469837920" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225469836480" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you attempt to install a package that contains a file that has already been installed by another package, a conflict message is displayed. To make <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> ignore this error, use the <code class="command">--replacefiles</code> option:
- </div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -Uvh --replacefiles <em class="replaceable"><code>package.rpm</code></em></code></pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">A.2.1.3. Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263482795840" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482794400" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482792960" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482791520" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -Uvh --replacefiles <em class="replaceable"><code>package.rpm</code></em></code></pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">A.2.1.3. Satisfying Unresolved Dependencies</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225469830992" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225469829552" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225469828112" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225469826672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages sometimes depend on other packages, which means that they require other packages to be installed to run properly. If you try to install a package that has an unresolved dependency, a message about a failed dependency is displayed.
</div><div class="para">
Find the suggested package(s) on the Fedora installation media or on one of the active Fedora mirrors and add it to the installation command. To determine which package contains the required file, use the <code class="option">--whatprovides</code> option:
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
If the package that contains <em class="replaceable"><code>required_file</code></em> is in the <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> database, the name of the package is displayed.
</div><div class="warning" id="warning-Forcing_Package_Installation"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Warning</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although you can <span class="emphasis"><em>force</em></span> <code class="command">rpm</code> to install a package that has an unresolved dependency (using the <code class="option">--nodeps</code> option), this is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> recommended and will usually result in the installed software failing to run. Installing packages with <code class="option">--nodeps</code> can cause applications to misbehave or terminate unexpectedly. It can also cause serious package-management problems or system failure. For these reasons, heed the warnings about missing dependencies. The <span class="application"><strong>DNF</strong></span> package manager performs automatic dependency resolution and fetches dependencies from on-line repositories.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Configuration_File_Changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">A.2.1.4. Preserving Changes in Configuration Files</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263482778880" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482777472" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482775584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Configuration_File_Changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">A.2.1.4. Preserving Changes in Configuration Files</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225491465168" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225491463760" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225491461872" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Because <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> performs intelligent upgrading of packages with configuration files, you may see the following message:
</div><pre class="screen">saving <em class="replaceable"><code>/etc/configuration_file.conf</code></em> as <em class="replaceable"><code>/etc/configuration_file.conf</code></em>.rpmsave</pre><div class="para">
This message means that the changes you made to the configuration file may not be <span class="emphasis"><em>forward-compatible</em></span> with the new configuration file in the package, so <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> saved your original file and installed a new one. You should investigate the differences between the two configuration files and resolve them as soon as possible to ensure that your system continues to function properly.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-services-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-services-additional-resources.html
index 0275689..7930b44 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-services-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-services-additional-resources.html
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html" title="Chapter 7. Services and Daemons" /><link rel="prev" href="s3-services-running-restarting.html" title="7.2.4. Restarting the Service" /><link rel="next" href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html" title="7.3.2. Related Books" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="righ
t" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s3-services-running-restarting.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-services-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">7.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-services-additional-resources-installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html" title="Chapter 7. Services and Daemons" /><link rel="prev" href="s3-services-running-restarting.html" title="7.2.4. Restarting the Service" /><link rel="next" href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html" title="7.3.2. Related Books" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" hre
f="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s3-services-running-restarting.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-services-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">7.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-services-additional-resources-installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="literal">systemctl</code>(1) — The manual page for the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility.
</div></li></ul></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s3-services-running-restarting.html"><strong>Prev</strong>7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html"><strong>Next</strong>7.3.2. Related Books</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-services-running.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-services-running.html
index a6c9098..248da4c 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-services-running.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-services-running.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html" title="Chapter 7. Services and Daemons" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html" title="Chapter 7. Services and Daemons" /><link rel="next" href="s3-services-running-running.html" title="7.2.2. Running the Service" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="
http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s3-services-running-running.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-services-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">7.2. Running Services</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263487227440" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489324160" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html" title="Chapter 7. Services and Daemons" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html" title="Chapter 7. Services and Daemons" /><link rel="next" href="s3-services-running-running.html" title="7.2.2. Running the Service" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http:/
/docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s3-services-running-running.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-services-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">7.2. Running Services</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225452388720" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452386608" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility also allows you to determine the status of a particular service, as well as to start, stop, or restart a service.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use the service utility</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although it is still possible to use the <span class="application"><strong>service</strong></span> utility to manage services that have init scripts installed in the <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/</code> directory, it is advised that you use the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-ssh-beyondshell.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-ssh-beyondshell.html
index 371f084..88ca8ba 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-ssh-beyondshell.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-ssh-beyondshell.html
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 8. OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html" title="8.4.3. Using the sftp Utility" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html" title="8.5.2. Port Forwarding" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src=
"Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-beyondshell"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.5. More Than a Secure Shell</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 8. OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html" title="8.4.3. Using the sftp Utility" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html" title="8.5.2. Port Forwarding" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Commo
n_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-beyondshell"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.5. More Than a Secure Shell</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
A secure command line interface is just the beginning of the many ways SSH can be used. Given the proper amount of bandwidth, X11 sessions can be directed over an SSH channel. Or, by using TCP/IP forwarding, previously insecure port connections between systems can be mapped to specific SSH channels.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.5.1. X11 Forwarding</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263483793776" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.5.1. X11 Forwarding</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225464709968" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To open an X11 session over an SSH connection, use a command in the following form:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">ssh -Y <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em>@<em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
For example, to log in to a remote machine named <code class="systemitem">penguin.example.com</code> with <code class="systemitem">USER</code> as a user name, type:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-ssh-clients.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-ssh-clients.html
index 7e3dffa..b6ee3ed 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-ssh-clients.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-ssh-clients.html
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 8. OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Revoking_an_SSH_CA_Certificate.html" title="8.3.8. Revoking an SSH CA Certificate" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html" title="8.4.2. Using the scp Utility" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedor
aproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Revoking_an_SSH_CA_Certificate.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.4. OpenSSH Clients</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263488383216" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 8. OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Revoking_an_SSH_CA_Certificate.html" title="8.3.8. Revoking an SSH CA Certificate" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html" title="8.4.2. Using the scp Utility" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproje
ct.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Revoking_an_SSH_CA_Certificate.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.4. OpenSSH Clients</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225463559248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To connect to an OpenSSH server from a client machine, you must have the <span class="package">openssh-clients</span> package installed. See <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing.html">Section 6.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a> for more information on how to install new packages in Fedora 24.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-ssh"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.4.1. Using the ssh Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263488378112" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263488376512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-ssh"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.4.1. Using the ssh Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225438799264" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225438797664" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">ssh</code> utility allows you to log in to a remote machine and execute commands there. It is a secure replacement for the <code class="command">rlogin</code>, <code class="command">rsh</code>, and <code class="command">telnet</code> programs.
</div><div class="para">
Similarly to the <code class="command">telnet</code> command, log in to a remote machine by using the following command:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-ssh-configuration.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-ssh-configuration.html
index 7b28f2c..173f236 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-ssh-configuration.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-ssh-configuration.html
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 8. OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 8. OpenSSH" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html" title="8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common
_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-OpenSSH.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.2. Configuring OpenSSH</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 8. OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 8. OpenSSH" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html" title="8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Conte
nt/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-OpenSSH.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">8.2. Configuring OpenSSH</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
In order to perform tasks described in this section, you must have superuser privileges. To obtain them, log in as <code class="systemitem">root</code> by typing:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">su -</code></pre><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-configs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.2.1. Configuration Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263488236624" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">su -</code></pre><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-configs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.2.1. Configuration Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225458313312" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There are two different sets of configuration files: those for client programs (that is, <code class="command">ssh</code>, <code class="command">scp</code>, and <code class="command">sftp</code>), and those for the server (the <code class="command">sshd</code> daemon).
- </div><a id="idm263488232848" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263488230960" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225457909056" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225457907168" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
System-wide SSH configuration information is stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/ssh/</code> directory as described in <a class="xref" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#table-ssh-configuration-configs-system">Table 8.1, “System-wide configuration files”</a>. User-specific SSH configuration information is stored in <code class="filename">~/.ssh/</code> within the user's home directory as described in <a class="xref" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#table-ssh-configuration-configs-user">Table 8.2, “User-specific configuration files”</a>.
</div><div class="table" id="table-ssh-configuration-configs-system"><h6>Table 8.1. System-wide configuration files</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="System-wide configuration files" border="1"><colgroup><col width="38%" class="filename" /><col width="63%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
File
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html
index c7eef05..4bda9d7 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-filtering_structured_messages.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html" title="18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal" /><link rel="next" href="s2-filtering_structured_messages.html" title="18.8.2. Filtering Structured Messages" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.
png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-filtering_structured_messages.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
On systems that produce large amounts of log data, it can be convenient to maintain log messages in a <span class="emphasis"><em>structured format</em></span>. With structured messages, it is easier to search for particular information, to produce statistics and to cope with changes and inconsistencies in message structure. <span class="application"><strong>Rsyslog</strong></span> uses the <span class="emphasis"><em>JSON</em></span> (JavaScript Object Notation) format to provide structure for log messages.
</div><div class="para">
Compare the following unstructured log message:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html
index c6446a0..1b6eed0 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.7. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 17. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending.html" title="17.6.5. Extending Net-SNMP" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="P
roduct Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.7. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
To learn more about gathering system information, refer to the following resources.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.7.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="bold bold"><strong>ps</strong></span>(1) — The manual page for the <code class="command">ps</code> command.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-cpu.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-cpu.html
index c6ef323..321165e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-cpu.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-cpu.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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duct Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-cpu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.3. Viewing CPU Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263496467088" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496465648" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.3.1. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263496771024" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496769904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 17. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html" title="17.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool" /><link rel="next" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product S
ite" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-cpu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.3. Viewing CPU Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225448787104" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462848272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-cpu-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.3.1. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225462846384" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462845264" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Resources</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool allows you to view the current CPU usage on the system.
</div><div class="para">
To start the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool, either select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or type <code class="command">gnome-system-monitor</code> at a shell prompt. Then click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Resources</strong></span> tab to view the system's CPU usage.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html
index 1644f77..711f232 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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//docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-filesystems"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263482061280" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478292816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.1. Using the lsblk Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263478290896" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 17. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html" title="17.3. Viewing CPU Usage" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html" title="17.4.2. Using the blkid Command" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs
.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-filesystems"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225438765648" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225430249376" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.1. Using the lsblk Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225430247456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lsblk</code> command allows you to display a list of available block devices. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">lsblk</code></pre><div class="para">
For each listed block device, the <code class="command">lsblk</code> command displays the device name (<code class="computeroutput">NAME</code>), major and minor device number (<code class="computeroutput">MAJ:MIN</code>), if the device is removable (<code class="computeroutput">RM</code>), what is its size (<code class="computeroutput">SIZE</code>), if the device is read-only (<code class="computeroutput">RO</code>), what type is it (<code class="computeroutput">TYPE</code>), and where the device is mounted (<code class="computeroutput">MOUNTPOINT</code>). For example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-hardware.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-hardware.html
index 092d0af..5dae169 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-hardware.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-hardware.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 17. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html" title="17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html" title="17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site"
/></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-hardware"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.5. Viewing Hardware Information</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263477752192" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490249712" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.5.1. Using the lspci Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263490247200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 17. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html" title="17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html" title="17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a>
<a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-hardware"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.5. Viewing Hardware Information</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225452133904" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452672528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.5.1. Using the lspci Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225452670016" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lspci</code> command lists all PCI devices that are present in the system:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">lspci</code></pre><div class="para">
For example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html
index 227a866..ed6f6f5 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 17. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 17. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html" title="17.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product
Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.2. Viewing Memory Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263490140800" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490139360" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263490138400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.2.1. Using the free Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263490136480" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 17. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 17. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html" title="17.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site"
/></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">17.2. Viewing Memory Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225452423952" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452422512" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470693936" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.2.1. Using the free Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225470692016" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">free</code> command allows you to display the amount of free and used memory on the system. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">free</code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">free</code> command provides information about both the physical memory (<code class="computeroutput">Mem</code>) and swap space (<code class="computeroutput">Swap</code>). It displays the total amount of memory (<code class="computeroutput">total</code>), as well as the amount of memory that is in use (<code class="computeroutput">used</code>), free (<code class="computeroutput">free</code>), shared (<code class="computeroutput">shared</code>), in kernel buffers (<code class="computeroutput">buffers</code>), and cached (<code class="computeroutput">cached</code>). For example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-users-configui.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-users-configui.html
index 45aafa4..0bf1aaf 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-users-configui.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-users-configui.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 4. Managing Users and Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 4. Managing Users and Groups" /><link rel="next" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="4.3. Using Command Line Tools" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="rig
ht" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-users-tools.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-users-configui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263492052000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263492050560" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263492049120" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263492047680" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263492046240" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 4. Managing Users and Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 4. Managing Users and Groups" /><link rel="next" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="4.3. Using Command Line Tools" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" hr
ef="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-users-tools.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-users-configui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225452942912" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452941472" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225430014272" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225430012832" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225430011392" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Users</strong></span> utility allows you to view, modify, add, and delete local users in the graphical user interface.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-list"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.2.1. Using the Users Settings Tool</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Press the <span class="keycap"><strong>Super</strong></span> key to enter the Activities Overview, type <code class="command">Users</code> and then press <span class="keycap"><strong>Enter</strong></span>. The <span class="application"><strong>Users</strong></span> settings tool appears. The <span class="keycap"><strong>Super</strong></span> key appears in a variety of guises, depending on the keyboard and other hardware, but often as either the Windows or Command key, and typically to the left of the Spacebar.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-users-tools.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-users-tools.html
index 9cbad9a..c8871fc 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-users-tools.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-users-tools.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 4. Managing Users and Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-users-configui.html" title="4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment" /><link rel="next" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html" title="4.3.2. Adding a New Group" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class
="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-users-configui.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-users-tools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">4.3. Using Command Line Tools</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263480906432" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480904352" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480902272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 4. Managing Users and Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-users-configui.html" title="4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment" /><link rel="next" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html" title="4.3.2. Adding a New Group" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="righ
t" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-users-configui.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-users-tools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">4.3. Using Command Line Tools</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225496055376" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225496053296" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225496051216" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Apart from the <span class="application"><strong>Users</strong></span> settings tool described in <a class="xref" href="s1-users-configui.html">Section 4.2, “Managing Users in a Graphical Environment”</a>, which is designed for basic managing of users, you can use command line tools for managing users and groups that are listed in <a class="xref" href="s1-users-tools.html#table-users-tools">Table 4.1, “Command line utilities for managing users and groups”</a>.
</div><div class="table" id="table-users-tools"><h6>Table 4.1. Command line utilities for managing users and groups</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Command line utilities for managing users and groups" border="1"><colgroup><col width="35%" class="utilities" /><col width="65%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Utilities
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@
<code class="command">grpconv</code>, <code class="command">grpunconv</code>
</td><td class="">
Similar to the previous, these utilities can be used for conversion of shadowed information for group accounts.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-users-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.1. Adding a New User</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263480873728" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480872000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263480870560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-users-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.1. Adding a New User</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225461226704" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225461224976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225447986624" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To add a new user to the system, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">useradd</code> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></pre><div class="para">
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em> are command-line options as described in <a class="xref" href="s1-users-tools.html#table-useradd-options">Table 4.2, “Common useradd command-line options”</a>.
- </div><a id="idm263480864192" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225461486096" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, the <code class="command">useradd</code> command creates a locked user account. To unlock the account, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code> to assign a password:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">passwd</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Optionally, you can set a password aging policy. See <a class="xref" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Section 4.3.3, “Enabling Password Aging”</a> for information on how to enable password aging.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-using-operf.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-using-operf.html
index 7f5ef5f..3519d17 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-using-operf.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-using-operf.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="next" href="s2-operf-events.html" title="20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Con
tent/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-OProfile.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-operf-events.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-using-operf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.2. Using operf</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="next" href="s2-operf-events.html" title="20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/i
mages/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-OProfile.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-operf-events.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-using-operf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">20.2. Using operf</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
<code class="command">operf</code> is the recommended profiling mode that does not require initial setup before starting. All settings are specified as command-line options and there is no separate command to start the profiling process. To stop <code class="command">operf</code>, press Ctrl+C. The typical <code class="command">operf</code> command syntax looks as follows:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">operf</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>range</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>command</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>args</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em> with the desired command-line options to specify your profiling settings. Full set of options is described in <code class="systemitem">operf(1)</code> manual page. Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>range</code></em> with one of the following:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html
index d0263f7..2645090 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html" title="18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server" /><link rel="next" href="s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html" title="18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Cont
ent/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-using_rsyslog_modules"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263476684352" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html" title="18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server" /><link rel="next" href="s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html" title="18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/im
ages/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-using_rsyslog_modules"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225474353728" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Due to its modular design, <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> offers a variety of <em class="firstterm">modules</em> which provide additional functionality. Note that modules can be written by third parties. Most modules provide additional inputs (see <span class="emphasis"><em>Input Modules</em></span> below) or outputs (see <span class="emphasis"><em>Output Modules</em></span> below). Other modules provide special functionality specific to each module. The modules may provide additional configuration directives that become available after a module is loaded. To load a module, use the following syntax:
</div><pre class="screen">
$ModLoad <em class="replaceable"><code>MODULE</code></em>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-using_ssh.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-using_ssh.html
index 112ccd0..f665041 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-using_ssh.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-using_ssh.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s5-vnc-viewer.html" title="9.2. VNC Viewer" /><link rel="prev" href="s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html" title="9.2.2. Connecting to VNC Server" /><link rel="next" href="s9-additional-sources.html" title="9.3. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><im
g src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s9-additional-sources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-using_ssh"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">9.2.3. Connecting to VNC Server Using SSH</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s5-vnc-viewer.html" title="9.2. VNC Viewer" /><link rel="prev" href="s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html" title="9.2.2. Connecting to VNC Server" /><link rel="next" href="s9-additional-sources.html" title="9.3. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src=
"Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s9-additional-sources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-using_ssh"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">9.2.3. Connecting to VNC Server Using SSH</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
<acronym class="acronym">VNC</acronym> is a clear text network protocol with no security against possible attacks on the communication. To make the communication secure, you can encrypt your server-client connection by using the <code class="option">-via</code> option. This will create an <code class="systemitem">SSH</code> tunnel between the VNC server and the client.
</div><div class="para">
The format of the command to encrypt a VNC server-client connection is as follows:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html
index 4420cc5..a842363 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-compatibility_with_syslogd.html" title="18.3.2. Compatibility with syslogd" /><link rel="next" href="s2-managing_queues.html" title="18.4.2. Managing Queues" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a cla
ss="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-compatibility_with_syslogd.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-managing_queues.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263488140576" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 18. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-compatibility_with_syslogd.html" title="18.3.2. Compatibility with syslogd" /><link rel="next" href="s2-managing_queues.html" title="18.4.2. Managing Queues" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="ri
ght" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-compatibility_with_syslogd.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-managing_queues.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225464748416" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Queues are used to pass content, mostly syslog messages, between components of <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span>. With queues, rsyslog is capable of processing multiple messages simultaneously and to apply several actions to a single message at once. The data flow inside <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> can be illustrated as follows:
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-message_flow_in_rsyslog"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/rsyslog_message_flow.png" width="444" alt="Message Flow in Rsyslog" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Message Flow in Rsyslog
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Access_Control.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Access_Control.html
index 7bd9fe5..3ad253e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Access_Control.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Access_Control.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html" title="18.11. Using the Journal" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html" title="18.11. Using the Journal" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Using_The_Live_View.html" title="18.11.3. Using The Live View" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject
.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Using_The_Live_View.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Access_Control"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.11.2. Access Control</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html" title="18.11. Using the Journal" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html" title="18.11. Using the Journal" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Using_The_Live_View.html" title="18.11.3. Using The Live View" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org">
<img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Using_The_Live_View.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Access_Control"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.11.2. Access Control</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
By default, <span class="application"><strong>Journal</strong></span> users without <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges can only see log files generated by them. The system administrator can add selected users to the <span class="emphasis"><em>adm</em></span> group, which grants them access to complete log files. To do so, type as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">usermod</code> <code class="option">-a</code> <code class="option">-G</code> <span class="emphasis"><em>adm</em></span> <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Here, replace <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em> with a name of the user to be added to the <span class="emphasis"><em>adm</em></span> group. This user then receives the same output of the <code class="command">journalctl</code> command as the root user. Note that access control only works when persistent storage is enabled for <span class="application"><strong>Journal</strong></span>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Actions.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Actions.html
index d52cc46..08973f9 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Actions.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Actions.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html" title="18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html" title="18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Templates.html" title="18.2.3. Templates" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" hr
ef="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Templates.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Actions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.2. Actions</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263481874432" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html" title="18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html" title="18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Templates.html" title="18.2.3. Templates" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="ht
tp://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Templates.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Actions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.2. Actions</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225441204656" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Actions specify what is to be done with the messages filtered out by an already-defined selector. The following are some of the actions you can define in your rule:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Saving syslog messages to log files</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The majority of actions specify to which log file a syslog message is saved. This is done by specifying a file path after your already-defined selector:
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ $ModLoad ompgsql # Output module for PostgreSQL support
The discard action is mostly used to filter out messages before carrying on any further processing. It can be effective if you want to omit some repeating messages that would otherwise fill the log files. The results of discard action depend on where in the configuration file it is specified, for the best results place these actions on top of the actions list. Please note that once a message has been discarded there is no way to retrieve it in later configuration file lines.
</div><div class="para">
For instance, the following rule discards any cron syslog messages:
- </div><pre class="screen">cron.* ~</pre></dd></dl></div><h4 id="idm263479270336">Specifying Multiple Actions</h4><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">cron.* ~</pre></dd></dl></div><h4 id="idm225459615072">Specifying Multiple Actions</h4><div class="para">
For each selector, you are allowed to specify multiple actions. To specify multiple actions for one selector, write each action on a separate line and precede it with an ampersand (&) character:
</div><pre class="screen">
<em class="replaceable"><code>FILTER</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>ACTION</code></em>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html
index 59044c0..24409e8 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html" title="18.11. Using the Journal" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-Filtering_Messages.html" title="18.11.4. Filtering Messages" /><link rel="next" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html" title="18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site"
/></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-Filtering_Messages.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html" title="18.11. Using the Journal" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-Filtering_Messages.html" title="18.11.4. Filtering Messages" /><link rel="next" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html" title="18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a>
<a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-Filtering_Messages.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
By default, <span class="application"><strong>Journal</strong></span> stores log files only in memory or a small ring-buffer in the <code class="filename">/run/log/journal/</code> directory. This is sufficient to show recent log history with <code class="command">journalctl</code>. This directory is volatile, log data is not saved permanently. With the default configuration, syslog reads the journal logs and stores them in the <code class="filename">/var/log/</code> directory. With persistent logging enabled, journal files are stored in <code class="filename">/var/log/journal</code> which means they persist after reboot. Journal can then replace <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> for some users (but see the chapter introduction).
</div><div class="para">
Enabled persistent storage has the following advantages
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Filtering_Messages.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Filtering_Messages.html
index 232b3af..b13c06e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Filtering_Messages.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Filtering_Messages.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html" title="18.11. Using the Journal" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-Using_The_Live_View.html" title="18.11.3. Using The Live View" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html" title="18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="htt
p://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-Using_The_Live_View.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Filtering_Messages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.11.4. Filtering Messages</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html" title="18.11. Using the Journal" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-Using_The_Live_View.html" title="18.11.3. Using The Live View" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html" title="18.11.5. Enabling Persistent Storage" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://do
cs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-Using_The_Live_View.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Filtering_Messages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.11.4. Filtering Messages</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The output of the <code class="command">journalctl</code> command executed without parameters is often extensive, therefore you can use various filtering methods to extract information to meet your needs.
</div><h4 id="filtering_by_priority">Filtering by Priority</h4><div class="para">
Log messages are often used to track erroneous behavior on the system. To view only entries with a selected or higher priority, use the following syntax:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html
index 1d7d41f..4e9cb6d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html" title="2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html" title="2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Setting_the_Keymap.html" title="2.2.3. Setting the Keymap" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="ri
ght" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Setting_the_Keymap.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html" title="2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html" title="2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Setting_the_Keymap.html" title="2.2.3. Setting the Keymap" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" h
ref="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Setting_the_Keymap.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To list all available keyboard layouts that can be configured on your system, type:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">localectl</code> <code class="option">list-keymaps</code></pre><div class="example"><h6>Example 2.5. Searching for a Particular Keymap</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
You can use <code class="command">grep</code> to search the output of the previous command for a specific keymap name. There are often multiple keymaps compatible with your currently set locale. For example, to find available Czech keyboard layouts, type:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html
index d4340ac..cb6a9a9 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html" title="15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html" title="15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers.html" title="15.16. Configure ntpdate Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="h
ttp://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.15.2. Open Ports in the Firewall for NTP Packets</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html" title="15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html" title="15.15. Configure the Firewall to Allow Incoming NTP Packets" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers.html" title="15.16. Configure ntpdate Servers" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://
www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Configure_the_Firewall_to_Allow_Incoming_NTP_Packets.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Configure_ntpdate_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Open_Ports_in_the_firewall_for_ntp_packets"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.15.2. Open Ports in the Firewall for NTP Packets</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To permit traffic through the firewall to a certain port, start the <span class="application"><strong>firewall-config</strong></span> tool and select the network zone whose settings you want to change. Select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Ports</strong></span> tab and then click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Add</strong></span> button. The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Port and Protocol</strong></span> window opens.
</div><div class="para">
Enter the port number <code class="literal">123</code> and select <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>udp</strong></span> from the drop-down list.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Setting_the_Keymap.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Setting_the_Keymap.html
index 799d200..3d7e2d0 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Setting_the_Keymap.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Setting_the_Keymap.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html" title="2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html" title="2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources.html" title="2.3. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a>
<a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Setting_the_Keymap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">2.2.3. Setting the Keymap</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html" title="2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html" title="2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources.html" title="2.3. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a cla
ss="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-Listing_Available_Keymaps.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Keyboard_Configuration-Resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Setting_the_Keymap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">2.2.3. Setting the Keymap</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To set the default keyboard layout for your system, use the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">localectl</code> <code class="option">set-keymap</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>map</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>map</code></em> with the name of the keymap taken from the output of the <code class="command">localectl</code> <code class="option">list-keymaps</code> command. Unless the <code class="option">--no-convert</code> option is passed, the selected setting is also applied to the default keyboard mapping of the X11 window system, after converting it to the closest matching X11 keyboard mapping. This also applies in reverse, you can specify both keymaps with the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Templates.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Templates.html
index ed425a5..8245134 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Templates.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Templates.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html" title="18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-Actions.html" title="18.2.2. Actions" /><link rel="next" href="s2-global_directives.html" title="18.2.4. Global Directives" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraprojec
t.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-Actions.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-global_directives.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Templates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.3. Templates</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263495800000" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html" title="18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-Actions.html" title="18.2.2. Actions" /><link rel="next" href="s2-global_directives.html" title="18.2.4. Global Directives" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"
><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-Actions.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-global_directives.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Templates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.3. Templates</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225452579008" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Any output that is generated by <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> can be modified and formatted according to your needs with the use of <span class="emphasis"><em>templates</em></span>. To create a template use the following syntax in <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">$template <em class="replaceable"><code>TEMPLATE_NAME</code></em>,"<em class="replaceable"><code>text %PROPERTY% more text</code></em>", [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>OPTION</code></em></span>]</pre><div class="para">
where:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Using_The_Live_View.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Using_The_Live_View.html
index d311d55..e1b8f0e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Using_The_Live_View.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-Using_The_Live_View.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html" title="18.11. Using the Journal" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-Access_Control.html" title="18.11.2. Access Control" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Filtering_Messages.html" title="18.11.4. Filtering Messages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org">
<img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-Access_Control.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Filtering_Messages.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Using_The_Live_View"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.11.3. Using The Live View</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Using_the_Journal.html" title="18.11. Using the Journal" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-Access_Control.html" title="18.11.2. Access Control" /><link rel="next" href="s2-Filtering_Messages.html" title="18.11.4. Filtering Messages" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img s
rc="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-Access_Control.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-Filtering_Messages.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-Using_The_Live_View"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.11.3. Using The Live View</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
When called without parameters, <code class="command">journalctl</code> shows the full list of entries, starting with the oldest entry collected. With the live view, you can supervise the log messages in real time as new entries are continuously printed as they appear. To start <span class="application"><strong>journalctl</strong></span> in live view mode, type:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">journalctl</code> <code class="option">-f</code></pre><div class="para">
This command returns a list of the ten most current log lines. The <span class="application"><strong>journalctl</strong></span> utility then stays running and waits for new changes to show them immediately.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html
index b464944..a43c527 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html" title="19.2. At and Batch" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html" title="19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options" /><link rel="next" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html" title="19.3. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Batch</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html" title="19.2. At and Batch" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html" title="19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options" /><link rel="next" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html" title="19.3. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="
http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Batch</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
You can restrict the access to the <code class="command">at</code> and <code class="command">batch</code> commands using the <code class="filename">/etc/at.allow</code> and <code class="filename">/etc/at.deny</code> files. These access control files use the same format defining one user name on each line. Mind that no whitespace are permitted in either file.
</div><div class="para">
If the file <code class="filename">at.allow</code> exists, only users listed in the file are allowed to use <code class="command">at</code> or <code class="command">batch</code>, and the <code class="filename">at.deny</code> file is ignored.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html
index 24360ab..52da5a8 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html" title="19.2. At and Batch" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html" title="19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job" /><link rel="next" href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html" title="19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right
" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html" title="19.2. At and Batch" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html" title="19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job" /><link rel="next" href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html" title="19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href
="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To view the pending <code class="command">At</code> and <code class="command">Batch</code> jobs, run the <code class="command">atq</code> command. The <code class="command">atq</code> command displays a list of pending jobs, with each job on a separate line. Each line follows the job number, date, hour, job class, and user name format. Users can only view their own jobs. If the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user executes the <code class="command">atq</code> command, all jobs for all users are displayed.
</div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html"><strong>Prev</strong>19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html"><strong>Next</strong>19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-at-configuring.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-at-configuring.html
index e09923d..c73fd1c 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-at-configuring.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-at-configuring.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html" title="19.2. At and Batch" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Atd-Running.html" title="19.2.2. Running the At Service" /><link rel="next" href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html" title="19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedor
aproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Atd-Running.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-autotasks-at-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.2.3. Configuring an At Job</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html" title="19.2. At and Batch" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Atd-Running.html" title="19.2.2. Running the At Service" /><link rel="next" href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html" title="19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproje
ct.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Atd-Running.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-autotasks-at-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.2.3. Configuring an At Job</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To schedule a one-time job for a specific time with the <span class="application"><strong>At</strong></span> utility, do the following:
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
On the command line, type the command <code class="command">at <em class="replaceable"><code>TIME</code></em></code>, where <code class="command"><em class="replaceable"><code>TIME</code></em></code> is the time when the command is to be executed.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html
index a9b438e..68a4f66 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html" title="19.2. At and Batch" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-autotasks-at-configuring.html" title="19.2.3. Configuring an At Job" /><link rel="next" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html" title="19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs
.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-autotasks-at-configuring.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html" title="19.2. At and Batch" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-autotasks-at-configuring.html" title="19.2.3. Configuring an At Job" /><link rel="next" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html" title="19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedor
aproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-autotasks-at-configuring.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.2.4. Configuring a Batch Job</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Batch</strong></span> application executes the defined one-time tasks when the system load average decreases below 0.8.
</div><div class="para">
To define a Batch job, do the following:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html
index 46b7851..f215b73 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html" title="19.2. At and Batch" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html" title="19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs" /><link rel="next" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html" title="19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Batch" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class
="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-autotasks-commandline-options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html" title="19.2. At and Batch" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html" title="19.2.5. Viewing Pending Jobs" /><link rel="next" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html" title="19.2.7. Controlling Access to At and Batch" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="righ
t" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-autotasks-commandline-options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">19.2.6. Additional Command Line Options</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Additional command line options for <code class="command">at</code> and <code class="command">batch</code> include the following:
</div><div class="table" id="tb-at-command-line-options"><h6>Table 19.1. <code class="command">at</code> and <code class="command">batch</code> Command Line Options</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="at and batch Command Line Options" border="1"><colgroup><col width="29%" class="option" /><col width="71%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Option
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-chrony_Online_Documentation.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-chrony_Online_Documentation.html
index b7fea23..01e2bef 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-chrony_Online_Documentation.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-chrony_Online_Documentation.html
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sect-additional_resources.html" title="14.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-additional_resources.html" title="14.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-additional_resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-chrony_Online_Documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">14.6.2. Online Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://chrony.tuxfamily.org/manual.html">http://chrony.tuxfamily.org/manual.html</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sect-additional_resources.html" title="14.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-additional_resources.html" title="14.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html" title="Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href=
"http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-additional_resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-chrony_Online_Documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">14.6.2. Online Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://chrony.tuxfamily.org/manual.html">http://chrony.tuxfamily.org/manual.html</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The online user guide for <span class="application"><strong>chrony</strong></span>.
</div></dd></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-additional_resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>14.6. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Configuring_NTP_Using_ntpd.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 15. Configuring NTP Using ntpd</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-compatibility_with_syslogd.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-compatibility_with_syslogd.html
index 282df56..ad7a8fc 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-compatibility_with_syslogd.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-compatibility_with_syslogd.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html" title="18.3. Using the New Configuration Format" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html" title="18.3. Using the New Configuration Format" /><link rel="next" href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html" title="18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/im
age_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-compatibility_with_syslogd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.3.2. Compatibility with syslogd</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html" title="18.3. Using the New Configuration Format" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html" title="18.3. Using the New Configuration Format" /><link rel="next" href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html" title="18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_le
ft.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-compatibility_with_syslogd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.3.2. Compatibility with syslogd</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
From <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> version 6, compatibility mode specified via the <code class="option">-c</code> option has been removed. Also, the syslogd-style command-line options are deprecated and configuring <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> through these command-line options should be avoided. However, you can use several templates and directives to configure <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> to emulate syslogd-like behavior.
</div><div class="para">
For more information on various <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> options, see the <code class="filename">rsyslogd(8)</code>manual page.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html
index aedd89d..030be99 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="11.3. Mail Transport Agents" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html" title="11.3.2. Sendmail" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-switchmail.html" title="11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedorapr
oject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-switchmail.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-fetchmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.3.3. Fetchmail</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263476628400" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263476626960" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="11.3. Mail Transport Agents" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html" title="11.3.2. Sendmail" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-switchmail.html" title="11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.
org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-switchmail.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-fetchmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.3.3. Fetchmail</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225454914864" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454913424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fetchmail is an MTA which retrieves email from remote servers and delivers it to the local MTA. Many users appreciate the ability to separate the process of downloading their messages located on a remote server from the process of reading and organizing their email in an MUA. Designed with the needs of dial-up users in mind, Fetchmail connects and quickly downloads all of the email messages to the mail spool file using any number of protocols, including <code class="systemitem">POP3</code> and <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code>. It can even forward email messages to an <code class="systemitem">SMTP</code> server, if necessary.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the fetchmail package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use <span class="application"><strong>Fetchmail</strong></span>, first ensure the <span class="package">fetchmail</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
Fetchmail is configured for each user through the use of a <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file in the user's home directory. If it does not already exist, create the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file in your home directory
</div><div class="para">
Using preferences in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file, Fetchmail checks for email on a remote server and downloads it. It then delivers it to port <code class="constant">25</code> on the local machine, using the local MTA to place the email in the correct user's spool file. If Procmail is available, it is launched to filter the email and place it in a mailbox so that it can be read by an MUA.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.1. Fetchmail Configuration Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263477564960" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477563520" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.1. Fetchmail Configuration Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225460438128" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225460436688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although it is possible to pass all necessary options on the command line to check for email on a remote server when executing Fetchmail, using a <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file is much easier. Place any desired configuration options in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file for those options to be used each time the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> command is issued. It is possible to override these at the time Fetchmail is run by specifying that option on the command line.
</div><div class="para">
A user's <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file contains three classes of configuration options:
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
Users are not required to place their password in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file. Omitting the <code class="command">with password '<em class="replaceable"><code>password</code></em>'</code> section causes Fetchmail to ask for a password when it is launched.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
Fetchmail has numerous global, server, and local options. Many of these options are rarely used or only apply to very specific situations. The <code class="filename">fetchmail</code> man page explains each option in detail, but the most common ones are listed in the following three sections.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.2. Global Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263489993408" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489991488" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.2. Global Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225466540016" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225466538096" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Each global option should be placed on a single line after a <code class="command">set</code> action.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">daemon <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> </code> — Specifies daemon-mode, where Fetchmail stays in the background. Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> with the number of seconds Fetchmail is to wait before polling the server.
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">postmaster</code> — Specifies a local user to send mail to in case of delivery problems.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">syslog</code> — Specifies the log file for errors and status messages. By default, this is <code class="filename">/var/log/maillog</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.3. Server Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263489981456" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489979536" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.3. Server Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225453294544" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225453292624" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Server options must be placed on their own line in <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> after a <code class="command">poll</code> or <code class="command">skip</code> action.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">auth <em class="replaceable"><code>auth-type</code></em> </code> — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>auth-type</code></em> with the type of authentication to be used. By default, <code class="command">password</code> authentication is used, but some protocols support other types of authentication, including <code class="command">kerberos_v5</code>, <code class="command">kerberos_v4</code>, and <code class="command">ssh</code>. If the <code class="command">any</code> authentication type is used, Fetchmail first tries methods that do not require a password, then methods that mask the password, and finally attempts to send the password unencrypted to authenticate to the server.
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">proto <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> </code> — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> with the protocol, such as <code class="command">pop3</code> or <code class="command">imap</code>, to use when checking for messages on the server.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">timeout <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> </code> — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> with the number of seconds of server inactivity after which Fetchmail gives up on a connection attempt. If this value is not set, a default of <code class="command">300</code> seconds is used.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.4. User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263489676144" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489674224" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.4. User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225435540656" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225435538736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
User options may be placed on their own lines beneath a server option or on the same line as the server option. In either case, the defined options must follow the <code class="command">user</code> option (defined below).
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">fetchall</code> — Orders Fetchmail to download all messages in the queue, including messages that have already been viewed. By default, Fetchmail only pulls down new messages.
@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">ssl</code> — Activates SSL encryption.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">user "<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em>"</code> — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em> with the username used by Fetchmail to retrieve messages. <span class="emphasis"><em>This option must precede all other user options.</em></span>
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.5. Fetchmail Command Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263496730944" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.5. Fetchmail Command Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225454869584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most Fetchmail options used on the command line when executing the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> command mirror the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> configuration options. In this way, Fetchmail may be used with or without a configuration file. These options are not used on the command line by most users because it is easier to leave them in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
There may be times when it is desirable to run the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> command with other options for a particular purpose. It is possible to issue command options to temporarily override a <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> setting that is causing an error, as any options specified at the command line override configuration file options.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.6. Informational or Debugging Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263496724512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.6. Informational or Debugging Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225469712080" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Certain options used after the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> command can supply important information.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">--configdump</code> — Displays every possible option based on information from <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> and Fetchmail defaults. No email is retrieved for any users when using this option.
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">-v</code> — Executes Fetchmail in verbose mode, displaying every communication between Fetchmail and remote email servers.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">-V</code> — Displays detailed version information, lists its global options, and shows settings to be used with each user, including the email protocol and authentication method. No email is retrieved for any users when using this option.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.7. Special Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263496567392" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.3.7. Special Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225454273312" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
These options are occasionally useful for overriding defaults often found in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">-a</code> — Fetchmail downloads all messages from the remote email server, whether new or previously viewed. By default, Fetchmail only downloads new messages.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-mta-sendmail.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-mta-sendmail.html
index 639a853..f02f1fc 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-mta-sendmail.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-mta-sendmail.html
@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="11.3. Mail Transport Agents" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="11.3. Mail Transport Agents" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html" title="11.3.3. Fetchmail" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Commo
n_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-mta.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-sendmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.3.2. Sendmail</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263478032048" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478030608" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="11.3. Mail Transport Agents" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="11.3. Mail Transport Agents" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html" title="11.3.3. Fetchmail" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Cont
ent/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-mta.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-sendmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.3.2. Sendmail</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225473942752" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225473941312" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Sendmail's core purpose, like other MTAs, is to safely transfer email among hosts, usually using the <code class="systemitem">SMTP</code> protocol. Note that Sendmail is considered deprecated and users are encouraged to use Postfix when possible. See <a class="xref" href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">Section 11.3.1, “Postfix”</a> for more information.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.1. Purpose and Limitations</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263497199376" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497197936" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.1. Purpose and Limitations</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225437834672" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225437833232" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
It is important to be aware of what Sendmail is and what it can do, as opposed to what it is not. In these days of monolithic applications that fulfill multiple roles, Sendmail may seem like the only application needed to run an email server within an organization. Technically, this is true, as Sendmail can spool mail to each users' directory and deliver outbound mail for users. However, most users actually require much more than simple email delivery. Users usually want to interact with their email using an MUA, that uses <code class="systemitem">POP</code> or <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code>, to download their messages to their local machine. Or, they may prefer a Web interface to gain access to their mailbox. These other applications can work in conjunction with Sendmail, but they actually exist for different reasons and can operate separately from one another.
</div><div class="para">
It is beyond the scope of this section to go into all that Sendmail should or could be configured to do. With literally hundreds of different options and rule sets, entire volumes have been dedicated to helping explain everything that can be done and how to fix things that go wrong. See the <a class="xref" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Section 11.6, “Additional Resources”</a> for a list of Sendmail resources.
</div><div class="para">
This section reviews the files installed with Sendmail by default and reviews basic configuration changes, including how to stop unwanted email (spam) and how to extend Sendmail with the <em class="firstterm">Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)</em>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-default"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.2. The Default Sendmail Installation</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263497190032" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-default"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.2. The Default Sendmail Installation</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225470078480" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In order to use Sendmail, first ensure the <span class="package">sendmail</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install sendmail</code></pre><div class="para">
In order to configure Sendmail, ensure the <span class="package">sendmail-cf</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
To finalize the change, the <code class="filename">virtusertable.db</code> file must be updated:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">make <code class="filename">virtusertable.db</code> all</code></pre><div class="para">
Using the <code class="option">all</code> option will result in the <code class="filename">virtusertable.db</code> and <code class="filename">access.db</code> being updated at the same time.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.3. Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263487704880" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487703472" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.3. Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225457231648" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225469856144" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When altering the Sendmail configuration file, it is best not to edit an existing file, but to generate an entirely new <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</code> file.
</div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Backup the sendmail.cf file before changing its content</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Before replacing or making any changes to the <code class="filename">sendmail.cf</code> file, create a backup copy.
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
The default configuration in Fedora works for most <code class="systemitem">SMTP</code>-only sites. However, it does not work for <em class="firstterm">UUCP</em> (<em class="firstterm">UNIX-to-UNIX Copy Protocol</em>) sites. If using UUCP mail transfers, the <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.mc</code> file must be reconfigured and a new <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</code> file must be generated.
</div><div class="para">
Consult the <code class="filename">/usr/share/sendmail-cf/README</code> file before editing any files in the directories under the <code class="filename">/usr/share/sendmail-cf/</code> directory, as they can affect the future configuration of the <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</code> file.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.4. Masquerading</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263495952368" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263495950928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.4. Masquerading</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225499678128" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225499676688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
One common Sendmail configuration is to have a single machine act as a mail gateway for all machines on the network. For example, a company may want to have a machine called <code class="computeroutput">mail.example.com</code> that handles all of their email and assigns a consistent return address to all outgoing mail.
</div><div class="para">
In this situation, the Sendmail server must masquerade the machine names on the company network so that their return address is <code class="computeroutput">user(a)example.com</code> instead of <code class="computeroutput">user(a)host.example.com</code>.
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ MASQUERADE_AS(`example.com.')dnl
MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(`example.com.')dnl
MASQUERADE_AS(example.com)dnl</pre><div class="para">
After generating a new <code class="filename">sendmail.cf</code> file using the <code class="command">m4</code> macro processor, this configuration makes all mail from inside the network appear as if it were sent from <code class="systemitem">example.com</code>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.5. Stopping Spam</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263477799504" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.5. Stopping Spam</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225451563808" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Email spam can be defined as unnecessary and unwanted email received by a user who never requested the communication. It is a disruptive, costly, and widespread abuse of Internet communication standards.
</div><div class="para">
Sendmail makes it relatively easy to block new spamming techniques being employed to send junk email. It even blocks many of the more usual spamming methods by default. Main anti-spam features available in sendmail are <em class="firstterm">header checks</em>, <em class="firstterm">relaying denial</em> (default from version 8.9), <em class="firstterm">access database and sender information checks</em>.
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ MASQUERADE_AS(example.com)dnl</pre><div class="para">
The above examples only represent a small part of what Sendmail can do in terms of allowing or blocking access. See the <code class="filename">/usr/share/sendmail-cf/README</code> file for more information and examples.
</div><div class="para">
Since Sendmail calls the Procmail MDA when delivering mail, it is also possible to use a spam filtering program, such as SpamAssassin, to identify and file spam for users. See <a class="xref" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-mda-spam">Section 11.4.2.6, “Spam Filters”</a> for more information about using SpamAssassin.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.6. Using Sendmail with LDAP</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263480486384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.3.2.6. Using Sendmail with LDAP</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225469356928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Using <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> is a very quick and powerful way to find specific information about a particular user from a much larger group. For example, an <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> server can be used to look up a particular email address from a common corporate directory by the user's last name. In this kind of implementation, <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> is largely separate from Sendmail, with <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> storing the hierarchical user information and Sendmail only being given the result of <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> queries in pre-addressed email messages.
</div><div class="para">
However, Sendmail supports a much greater integration with <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code>, where it uses <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> to replace separately maintained files, such as <code class="filename">/etc/aliases</code> and <code class="filename">/etc/mail/virtusertables</code>, on different mail servers that work together to support a medium- to enterprise-level organization. In short, <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> abstracts the mail routing level from Sendmail and its separate configuration files to a powerful <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> cluster that can be leveraged by many different applications.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-procmail-recipes.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-procmail-recipes.html
index 092a970..d612389 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-procmail-recipes.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-procmail-recipes.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-mda.html" title="11.4. Mail Delivery Agents" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-mda.html" title="11.4. Mail Delivery Agents" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-mua.html" title="11.5. Mail User Agents" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Conte
nt/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-mda.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-email-mua.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.4.2. Procmail Recipes</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263496511056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-mda.html" title="11.4. Mail Delivery Agents" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-mda.html" title="11.4. Mail Delivery Agents" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-mua.html" title="11.5. Mail User Agents" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/ima
ges/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-mda.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-email-mua.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.4.2. Procmail Recipes</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225439600528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
New users often find the construction of recipes the most difficult part of learning to use Procmail. This difficulty is often attributed to recipes matching messages by using <em class="firstterm">regular expressions</em> which are used to specify qualifications for string matching. However, regular expressions are not very difficult to construct and even less difficult to understand when read. Additionally, the consistency of the way Procmail recipes are written, regardless of regular expressions, makes it easy to learn by example. To see example Procmail recipes, see <a class="xref" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples">Section 11.4.2.5, “Recipe Examples”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
Procmail recipes take the following form:
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@
A recipe can contain several conditions to match against the message. If it has no conditions, every message matches the recipe. Regular expressions are placed in some conditions to facilitate message matching. If multiple conditions are used, they must all match for the action to be performed. Conditions are checked based on the flags set in the recipe's first line. Optional special characters placed after the asterisk character (<code class="command">*</code>) can further control the condition.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command"><em class="replaceable"><code>action-to-perform</code></em></code> argument specifies the action taken when the message matches one of the conditions. There can only be one action per recipe. In many cases, the name of a mailbox is used here to direct matching messages into that file, effectively sorting the email. Special action characters may also be used before the action is specified. See <a class="xref" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Section 11.4.2.4, “Special Conditions and Actions”</a> for more information.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.1. Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263496493712" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479684208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.1. Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225476206816" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225476204896" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The action used if the recipe matches a particular message determines whether it is considered a <em class="firstterm">delivering</em> or <em class="firstterm">non-delivering</em> recipe. A delivering recipe contains an action that writes the message to a file, sends the message to another program, or forwards the message to another email address. A non-delivering recipe covers any other actions, such as a <em class="firstterm">nesting block</em>. A nesting block is a set of actions, contained in braces <code class="command">{</code> <code class="command">}</code>, that are performed on messages which match the recipe's conditions. Nesting blocks can be nested inside one another, providing greater control for identifying and performing actions on messages.
</div><div class="para">
When messages match a delivering recipe, Procmail performs the specified action and stops comparing the message against any other recipes. Messages that match non-delivering recipes continue to be compared against other recipes.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.2. Flags</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263479676944" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.2. Flags</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225464762368" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Flags are essential to determine how or if a recipe's conditions are compared to a message. The <span class="application"><strong>egrep</strong></span> utility is used internally for matching of the conditions. The following flags are commonly used:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">A</code> — Specifies that this recipe is only used if the previous recipe without an <code class="command">A</code> or <code class="command">a</code> flag also matched this message.
@@ -55,11 +55,11 @@
<code class="command">W</code> — Is identical to <code class="command">w</code> except that "Program failure" messages are suppressed.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For a detailed list of additional flags, see the <code class="filename">procmailrc</code> man page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.3. Specifying a Local Lockfile</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263483672016" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.3. Specifying a Local Lockfile</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225439999056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Lockfiles are very useful with Procmail to ensure that more than one process does not try to alter a message simultaneously. Specify a local lockfile by placing a colon (<code class="command">:</code>) after any flags on a recipe's first line. This creates a local lockfile based on the destination file name plus whatever has been set in the <code class="command">LOCKEXT</code> global environment variable.
</div><div class="para">
Alternatively, specify the name of the local lockfile to be used with this recipe after the colon.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-special"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.4. Special Conditions and Actions</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263497266992" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497265072" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-special"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.4. Special Conditions and Actions</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225463285536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225463283616" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Special characters used before Procmail recipe conditions and actions change the way they are interpreted.
</div><div class="para">
The following characters may be used after the asterisk character (<code class="command">*</code>) at the beginning of a recipe's condition line:
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
<code class="command">{</code> and <code class="command">}</code> — Constructs a nesting block, used to contain additional recipes to apply to matching messages.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
If no special character is used at the beginning of the action line, Procmail assumes that the action line is specifying the mailbox in which to write the message.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.5. Recipe Examples</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263497246848" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.5. Recipe Examples</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225494199632" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Procmail is an extremely flexible program, but as a result of this flexibility, composing Procmail recipes from scratch can be difficult for new users.
</div><div class="para">
The best way to develop the skills to build Procmail recipe conditions stems from a strong understanding of regular expressions combined with looking at many examples built by others. A thorough explanation of regular expressions is beyond the scope of this section. The structure of Procmail recipes and useful sample Procmail recipes can be found at various places on the Internet. The proper use and adaptation of regular expressions can be derived by viewing these recipe examples. In addition, introductory information about basic regular expression rules can be found in the <code class="filename">grep(1)</code> man page.
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ tuxlug</pre><div class="para">
Any messages sent from the <code class="computeroutput">tux-lug(a)domain.com</code> mailing list are placed in the <code class="filename">tuxlug</code> mailbox automatically for the MUA. Note that the condition in this example matches the message if it has the mailing list's email address on the <code class="computeroutput">From</code>, <code class="computeroutput">Cc</code>, or <code class="computeroutput">To</code> lines.
</div><div class="para">
Consult the many Procmail online resources available in <a class="xref" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Section 11.6, “Additional Resources”</a> for more detailed and powerful recipes.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-spam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.6. Spam Filters</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263495138352" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263495136432" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487408480" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-spam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">11.4.2.6. Spam Filters</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225437777824" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225437775904" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452094288" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Because it is called by Sendmail, Postfix, and Fetchmail upon receiving new emails, Procmail can be used as a powerful tool for combating spam.
</div><div class="para">
This is particularly true when Procmail is used in conjunction with SpamAssassin. When used together, these two applications can quickly identify spam emails, and sort or destroy them.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-related-books.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-related-books.html
index 90309f6..703c1b3 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-related-books.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-related-books.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html" title="11.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html" title="11.6.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html" title="Chapter 12. Directory Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs
.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-related-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.6.3. Related Books</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263487293424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html" title="11.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html" title="11.6.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html" title="Chapter 12. Directory Servers" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedor
aproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-related-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.6.3. Related Books</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225429932816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">Sendmail Milters: A Guide for Fighting Spam</em> by Bryan Costales and Marcia Flynt; Addison-Wesley — A good Sendmail guide that can help you customize your mail filters.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">Sendmail</em> by Bryan Costales with Eric Allman et al.; O'Reilly & Associates — A good Sendmail reference written with the assistance of the original creator of Delivermail and Sendmail.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-switchmail.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-switchmail.html
index a2a0d24..60f8ab5 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-switchmail.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-switchmail.html
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="11.3. Mail Transport Agents" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html" title="11.3.3. Fetchmail" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-mda.html" title="11.4. Mail Delivery Agents" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common
_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-email-mda.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-switchmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263496554624" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496553184" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496551744" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496550016" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496548928" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496547968" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="11.3. Mail Transport Agents" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html" title="11.3.3. Fetchmail" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-mda.html" title="11.4. Mail Delivery Agents" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Conte
nt/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-email-mda.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-switchmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225456561952" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225456560512" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225456559072" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225456557344" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225456556256" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225428274544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Mail Transport Agent</em> (MTA) is essential for sending email. A <em class="firstterm">Mail User Agent</em> (MUA) such as <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>Thunderbird</strong></span>, and <span class="application"><strong>Mutt</strong></span>, is used to read and compose email. When a user sends an email from an MUA, the message is handed off to the MTA, which sends the message through a series of MTAs until it reaches its destination.
</div><div class="para">
Even if a user does not plan to send email from the system, some automated tasks or system programs might use the <code class="command">mail</code> command to send email containing log messages to the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user of the local system.
- </div><a id="idm263497420816" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497419856" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225428268880" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225428267920" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora 24 provides two MTAs: Postfix and Sendmail. If both are installed, Postfix is the default MTA. Note that Sendmail is considered deprecated in MAJOROS;.
</div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html"><strong>Prev</strong>11.3.3. Fetchmail</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-email-mda.html"><strong>Next</strong>11.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-types-mda.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-types-mda.html
index efa4726..160b437 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-types-mda.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-types-mda.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-types.html" title="11.2. Email Program Classifications" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-types.html" title="11.2. Email Program Classifications" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-types-mua.html" title="11.2.3. Mail User Agent" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraprojec
t.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-types.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-types-mua.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mda"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263489646624" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489644704" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489643264" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-types.html" title="11.2. Email Program Classifications" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-types.html" title="11.2. Email Program Classifications" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-types-mua.html" title="11.2.3. Mail User Agent" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"
><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-types.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-types-mua.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mda"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225461088160" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225445456832" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225445455392" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Mail Delivery Agent</em> (<em class="firstterm">MDA</em>) is invoked by the MTA to file incoming email in the proper user's mailbox. In many cases, the MDA is actually a <em class="firstterm">Local Delivery Agent</em> (<em class="firstterm">LDA</em>), such as <code class="command">mail</code> or Procmail.
</div><div class="para">
Any program that actually handles a message for delivery to the point where it can be read by an email client application can be considered an MDA. For this reason, some MTAs (such as Sendmail and Postfix) can fill the role of an MDA when they append new email messages to a local user's mail spool file. In general, MDAs do not transport messages between systems nor do they provide a user interface; MDAs distribute and sort messages on the local machine for an email client application to access.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-types-mua.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-types-mua.html
index 3c2dbdc..dda54db 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-types-mua.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-types-mua.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-types.html" title="11.2. Email Program Classifications" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-types-mda.html" title="11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="11.3. Mail Transport Agents" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"
><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-types-mda.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-email-mta.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mua"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.2.3. Mail User Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263489636544" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489634624" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479636208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-types.html" title="11.2. Email Program Classifications" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-types-mda.html" title="11.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="11.3. Mail Transport Agents" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-types-mda.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-email-mta.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mua"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.2.3. Mail User Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225431496352" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225431494432" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225431492992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Mail User Agent</em> (<em class="firstterm">MUA</em>) is synonymous with an email client application. An MUA is a program that, at a minimum, allows a user to read and compose email messages. Many MUAs are capable of retrieving messages via the <code class="systemitem">POP</code> or <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> protocols, setting up mailboxes to store messages, and sending outbound messages to an MTA.
</div><div class="para">
MUAs may be graphical, such as <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, or have simple text-based interfaces, such as <span class="application"><strong>Mutt</strong></span>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-useful-websites.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-useful-websites.html
index 8bf3e76..0417227 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-useful-websites.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-email-useful-websites.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html" title="11.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html" title="11.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-related-books.html" title="11.6.3. Related Books" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://doc
s.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-related-books.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.6.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263495879680" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html" title="11.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html" title="11.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-related-books.html" title="11.6.3. Related Books" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedo
raproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-related-books.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">11.6.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225456211808" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.sendmail.org/">http://www.sendmail.org/</a> — Offers a thorough technical breakdown of Sendmail features, documentation and configuration examples.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.sendmail.com/">http://www.sendmail.com/</a> — Contains news, interviews and articles concerning Sendmail, including an expanded view of the many options available.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-enabling_encrypted_transport.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-enabling_encrypted_transport.html
index e41da51..ee485a6 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-enabling_encrypted_transport.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-enabling_encrypted_transport.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html" title="18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html" title="18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database" /><link rel="next" href="s2-using_RELP.html" title="18.6.4. Using RELP" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http:/
/docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-using_RELP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-enabling_encrypted_transport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html" title="18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html" title="18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database" /><link rel="next" href="s2-using_RELP.html" title="18.6.4. Using RELP" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.
fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-using_RELP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-enabling_encrypted_transport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Confidentiality and integrity in network transmissions can be provided by either the <span class="emphasis"><em>TLS</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>GSSAPI</em></span> encryption protocol.
</div><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Transport Layer Security</em></span> (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communication security over the network. When using TLS, rsyslog messages are encrypted before sending, and mutual authentication exists between the sender and receiver.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html
index 8352dc6..eb9d965 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html" title="18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html" title="18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules" /><link rel="next" href="s2-enabling_encrypted_transport.html" title="18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-enabling_encrypted_transport.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html" title="18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html" title="18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules" /><link rel="next" href="s2-enabling_encrypted_transport.html" title="18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="
http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-enabling_encrypted_transport.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-exporting_messages_to_a_database"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.6.2. Exporting Messages to a Database</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Processing of log data can be faster and more convenient when performed in a database rather than with text files. Based on the type of DBMS used, choose from various output modules such as <code class="command">ommysql</code>, <code class="command">ompgsql</code>, <code class="command">omoracle</code>, or <code class="command">ommongodb</code>. As an alternative, use the generic <code class="command">omlibdbi</code> output module that relies on the <code class="systemitem">libdbi</code> library. The <code class="command">omlibdbi</code> module supports database systems Firebird/Interbase, MS SQL, Sybase, SQLite, Ingres, Oracle, mSQL, MySQL, and PostgreSQL.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-exporting_rsyslog_messages_to_a_database"><h6>Example 18.14. Exporting Rsyslog Messages to a Database</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
To store the rsyslog messages in a MySQL database, add the following into <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code>:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-filtering_structured_messages.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-filtering_structured_messages.html
index e94aa18..e1428ae 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-filtering_structured_messages.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-filtering_structured_messages.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html" title="18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html" title="18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog" /><link rel="next" href="s2-parsing_JSON.html" title="18.8.3. Parsing JSON" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class=
"right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-parsing_JSON.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-filtering_structured_messages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.8.2. Filtering Structured Messages</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html" title="18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html" title="18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog" /><link rel="next" href="s2-parsing_JSON.html" title="18.8.3. Parsing JSON" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right
" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-parsing_JSON.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-filtering_structured_messages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.8.2. Filtering Structured Messages</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To create a lumberjack-formatted message that is required by <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span>'s parsing module, use the following template:
</div><pre class="screen">
template(name="CEETemplate" type="string" string="%TIMESTAMP% %HOSTNAME% %syslogtag% @cee: %$!all-json%\n")
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ftp-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ftp-resources.html
index 4a62577..02d4ef4 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ftp-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ftp-resources.html
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="13.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html" title="13.2.5. vsftpd Configuration Options" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="
Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.6. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263490293728" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="13.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html" title="13.2.5. vsftpd Configuration Options" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common
_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.6. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225438375376" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For more information about <code class="command">vsftpd</code>, refer to the following resources.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.6.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263478550944" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.6.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225430915376" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/vsftpd/</code> directory — This directory contains a <code class="filename">README</code> with basic information about the software. The <code class="filename">TUNING</code> file contains basic performance tuning tips and the <code class="filename">SECURITY/</code> directory contains information about the security model employed by <code class="command">vsftpd</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">vsftpd</code> related man pages — There are a number of man pages for the daemon and configuration files. The following lists some of the more important man pages.
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<code class="command">man vsftpd.conf</code> — Contains a detailed list of options available within the configuration file for <code class="command">vsftpd</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">man 5 hosts_access </code> — Describes the format and options available within the TCP wrappers configuration files: <code class="filename">hosts.allow</code> and <code class="filename">hosts.deny</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.6.2. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263481513824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.6.2. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225451420032" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://vsftpd.beasts.org/">http://vsftpd.beasts.org/</a> — The <code class="command">vsftpd</code> project page is a great place to locate the latest documentation and to contact the author of the software.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://slacksite.com/other/ftp.html">http://slacksite.com/other/ftp.html</a> — This website provides a concise explanation of the differences between active and passive mode <code class="systemitem">FTP</code>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ftp-servers.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ftp-servers.html
index b006614..e25d9e0 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ftp-servers.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ftp-servers.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="13.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-FTP.html" title="13.2. FTP" /><link rel="next" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html" title="13.2.3. Files Installed with vsftpd" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png"
alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-FTP.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.2. FTP Servers</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263478055536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263484215104" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263484052320" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496680560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="13.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-FTP.html" title="13.2. FTP" /><link rel="next" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html" title="13.2.3. Files Installed with vsftpd" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="D
ocumentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-FTP.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.2. FTP Servers</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225443478384" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225434259408" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225464330560" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462514528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora ships with two different <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> servers:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">proftpd</code> - A fast, stable, and highly configurable FTP server.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html
index bb494f2..4f20a5e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="13.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html" title="13.2.4. Starting and Stopping vsftpd" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ftp-resources.html" title="13.2.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_C
ontent/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ftp-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263491658512" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263484171744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="13.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html" title="13.2.4. Starting and Stopping vsftpd" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ftp-resources.html" title="13.2.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content
/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ftp-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225457092928" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225493465664" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although <code class="command">vsftpd</code> may not offer the level of customization other widely available <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> servers have, it offers enough options to fill most administrator's needs. The fact that it is not overly feature-laden limits configuration and programmatic errors.
</div><div class="para">
All configuration of <code class="command">vsftpd</code> is handled by its configuration file, <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code>. Each directive is on its own line within the file and follows the following format:
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
For an overview of ways to secure <code class="command">vsftpd</code>, see the <a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/ht…">Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Security Guide</a>.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
The following is a list of some of the more important directives within <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code>. All directives not explicitly found or commented out within <code class="command">vsftpd</code>'s configuration file are set to their default value.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.1. Daemon Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263489801200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.1. Daemon Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225453513248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a list of directives which control the overall behavior of the <code class="command">vsftpd</code> daemon.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">listen</code> — When enabled, <code class="command">vsftpd</code> runs in stand-alone mode. Fedora sets this value to <code class="command">YES</code>. This directive cannot be used in conjunction with the <code class="command">listen_ipv6</code> directive.
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
<code class="command">session_support</code> — When enabled, <code class="command">vsftpd</code> attempts to maintain login sessions for each user through Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM). For more information, refer to the <em class="citetitle">Using Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)</em> chapter of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 <em class="citetitle">Managing Single Sign-On and Smart Cards</em> and the PAM man pages. . If session logging is not necessary, disabling this option allows <code class="command">vsftpd</code> to run with less processes and lower privileges.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">YES</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.2. Log In Options and Access Controls</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263490175680" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477963840" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.2. Log In Options and Access Controls</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225447922880" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225432034384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a list of directives which control the login behavior and access control mechanisms.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">anonymous_enable</code> — When enabled, anonymous users are allowed to log in. The usernames <code class="computeroutput">anonymous</code> and <code class="computeroutput">ftp</code> are accepted.
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
<code class="command">userlist_file</code> — Specifies the file referenced by <code class="command">vsftpd</code> when the <code class="command">userlist_enable</code> directive is enabled.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">/etc/vsftpd/user_list</code> and is created during installation.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.3. Anonymous User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263488477664" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.3. Anonymous User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225461292928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which control anonymous user access to the server. To use these options, the <code class="command">anonymous_enable</code> directive must be set to <code class="command">YES</code>.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">anon_mkdir_write_enable</code> — When enabled in conjunction with the <code class="command">write_enable</code> directive, anonymous users are allowed to create new directories within a parent directory which has write permissions.
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
Anonymous logins are prevented unless the password provided is listed in <code class="command">/etc/vsftpd/email_passwords</code>. The file format is one password per line, with no trailing white spaces.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">NO</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.4. Local User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263496593008" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.4. Local User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225456062752" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which characterize the way local users access the server. To use these options, the <code class="command">local_enable</code> directive must be set to <code class="command">YES</code>.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">chmod_enable</code> — When enabled, the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> command <code class="command">SITE CHMOD</code> is allowed for local users. This command allows the users to change the permissions on files.
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
<code class="command">user_config_dir</code> — Specifies the path to a directory containing configuration files bearing the name of local system users that contain specific setting for that user. Any directive in the user's configuration file overrides those found in <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code>.
</div><div class="para">
There is no default value for this directive.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.5. Directory Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263496607824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.5. Directory Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225462769056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which affect directories.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">dirlist_enable</code> — When enabled, users are allowed to view directory lists.
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
<code class="command">use_localtime</code> — When enabled, directory listings reveal the local time for the computer instead of GMT.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">NO</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.6. File Transfer Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263495708864" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.6. File Transfer Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225470967632" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which affect directories.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">download_enable</code> — When enabled, file downloads are permitted.
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@
<code class="command">write_enable</code> — When enabled, <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> commands which can change the file system are allowed, such as <code class="command">DELE</code>, <code class="command">RNFR</code>, and <code class="command">STOR</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">YES</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.7. Logging Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263473897600" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.7. Logging Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225453239312" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which affect <code class="command">vsftpd</code>'s logging behavior.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">dual_log_enable</code> — When enabled in conjunction with <code class="command">xferlog_enable</code>, <code class="command">vsftpd</code> writes two files simultaneously: a <code class="command">wu-ftpd</code>-compatible log to the file specified in the <code class="command">xferlog_file</code> directive (<code class="filename">/var/log/xferlog</code> by default) and a standard <code class="command">vsftpd</code> log file specified in the <code class="command">vsftpd_log_file</code> directive (<code class="filename">/var/log/vsftpd.log</code> by default).
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@
To both log connections in <code class="command">vsftpd</code> format and maintain a <code class="command">wu-ftpd</code>-compatible file transfer log, set <code class="command">dual_log_enable</code> to <code class="command">YES</code>.
</div><div class="para">
If maintaining a <code class="command">wu-ftpd</code>-compatible file transfer log is not important, either set <code class="command">xferlog_std_format</code> to <code class="command">NO</code>, comment the line with a hash sign (<code class="command">#</code>), or delete the line entirely.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.8. Network Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263494352784" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.5.8. Network Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225464890432" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which affect how <code class="command">vsftpd</code> interacts with the network.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">accept_timeout</code> — Specifies the amount of time for a client using passive mode to establish a connection.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html
index bc2e8d2..bec29e7 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="13.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html" title="13.2.3. Files Installed with vsftpd" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html" title="13.2.5. vsftpd Configuration Options" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src=
"Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263494644352" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487659920" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263481674688" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478007296" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263479202992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="13.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html" title="13.2.3. Files Installed with vsftpd" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html" title="13.2.5. vsftpd Configuration Options" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Commo
n_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225455853712" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225430939696" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452684512" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225432056848" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225436566944" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">vsftpd</code> RPM installs the <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/vsftpd</code> script, which can be accessed using the <code class="command">systemctl</code> command.
</div><div class="para">
To start the server, as <code class="systemitem">root</code> type:
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
To conditionally restart the server, as <code class="systemitem">root</code> type:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl condrestart vsftpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
By default, the <code class="command">vsftpd</code> service does <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> start automatically at boot time. To configure the <code class="command">vsftpd</code> service to start at boot time, use a service manager such as <code class="command">systemctl</code>. See <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.4.1. Starting Multiple Copies of <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263478456640" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477588320" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">13.2.4.1. Starting Multiple Copies of <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225493591152" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225439835008" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Sometimes one computer is used to serve multiple <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> domains. This is a technique called <em class="firstterm">multihoming</em>. One way to multihome using <code class="command">vsftpd</code> is by running multiple copies of the daemon, each with its own configuration file.
</div><div class="para">
To do this, first assign all relevant <code class="systemitem">IP</code> addresses to network devices or alias network devices on the system. For more information about configuring network devices, device aliases, and additional information about network configuration scripts, refer to the <a href="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/networking"><em class="citetitle">Fedora Networking Guide</em></a>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-global_directives.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-global_directives.html
index 85af35b..0b08ac4 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-global_directives.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-global_directives.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html" title="18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-Templates.html" title="18.2.3. Templates" /><link rel="next" href="s2-log_rotation.html" title="18.2.5. Log Rotation" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"
><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-Templates.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-log_rotation.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-global_directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.4. Global Directives</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263495264880" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html" title="18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-Templates.html" title="18.2.3. Templates" /><link rel="next" href="s2-log_rotation.html" title="18.2.5. Log Rotation" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-Templates.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-log_rotation.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-global_directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.4. Global Directives</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225445874336" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Global directives are configuration options that apply to the <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> daemon. They usually specify a value for a specific predefined variable that affects the behavior of the <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> daemon or a rule that follows. All of the global directives must start with a dollar sign (<code class="literal">$</code>). Only one directive can be specified per line. The following is an example of a global directive that specifies the maximum size of the syslog message queue:
</div><pre class="screen">
$MainMsgQueueSize 50000
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html
index c52c21f..4f6f00a 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html" title="22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html" title="22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html" title="22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="r
ight" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263495174144" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482610032" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html" title="22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html" title="22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html" title="22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225473422816" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225473421376" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/boot/vmlinitrd-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel-version</code></em></code> file is installed when you upgrade the kernel. However, you must use the <code class="command">dd</code> command to configure the system to boot the new kernel.
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
As <code class="systemitem">root</code>, issue the command <code class="command">cat /proc/iSeries/mf/side</code> to determine the default side (either A, B, or C).
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html
index cc89b7a..5cbee8f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html" title="22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html" title="22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 23. Working with Kernel Modules" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site"
/></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html" title="22.6. Verifying the Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html" title="22.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 23. Working with Kernel Modules" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a
><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">22.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
IBM eServer System p uses YABOOT as its boot loader. YABOOT uses <code class="filename">/etc/aboot.conf</code> as its configuration file. Confirm that the file contains an <code class="computeroutput">image</code> section with the same version as the <span class="package">kernel</span> package just installed, and likewise for the <code class="systemitem">initramfs</code> image:
</div><pre class="screen">boot=/dev/sda1 init-message=Welcome to Fedora! Hit <TAB> for boot options
partition=2 timeout=30 install=/usr/lib/yaboot/yaboot delay=10 nonvram
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-log_rotation.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-log_rotation.html
index 18012b8..c46a3c8 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-log_rotation.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-log_rotation.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html" title="18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-global_directives.html" title="18.2.4. Global Directives" /><link rel="next" href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html" title="18.3. Using the New Configuration Format" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site"
/></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-global_directives.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-log_rotation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.5. Log Rotation</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263495255152" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-basic_configuration_of_rsyslog.html" title="18.2. Basic Configuration of Rsyslog" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-global_directives.html" title="18.2.4. Global Directives" /><link rel="next" href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html" title="18.3. Using the New Configuration Format" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a>
<a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-global_directives.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-log_rotation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.2.5. Log Rotation</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225473526064" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a sample <code class="filename">/etc/logrotate.conf</code> configuration file:
</div><pre class="screen">
# rotate log files weekly
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-logfiles-adding.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-logfiles-adding.html
index 91bd50c..079d844 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-logfiles-adding.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-logfiles-adding.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html" title="18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html" title="18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment" /><link rel="next" href="s2-logfiles-examining.html" title="18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src=
"Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-logfiles-examining.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-logfiles-adding"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.12.2. Adding a Log File</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html" title="18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html" title="18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment" /><link rel="next" href="s2-logfiles-examining.html" title="18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Commo
n_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-logfiles-examining.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-logfiles-adding"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.12.2. Adding a Log File</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To add a log file you want to view in the list, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>File</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Open</strong></span>. This will display the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Open Log</strong></span> window where you can select the directory and file name of the log file you want to view. <a class="xref" href="s2-logfiles-adding.html#fig-redhat-logviewer-add">Figure 18.6, “System Log - adding a log file”</a> illustrates the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Open Log</strong></span> window.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-logviewer-add"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/redhat-logviewer-add.png" width="444" alt="System Log - adding a log file" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
System Log - Adding a Log File
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-logfiles-examining.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-logfiles-examining.html
index a34f350..fc003f3 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-logfiles-examining.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-logfiles-examining.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html" title="18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-logfiles-adding.html" title="18.12.2. Adding a Log File" /><link rel="next" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html" title="18.13. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Pr
oduct Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-logfiles-adding.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-logfiles-examining"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263481360944" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263481359504" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-managing_log_files_in_a_graphical_environment.html" title="18.12. Managing Log Files in a Graphical Environment" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-logfiles-adding.html" title="18.12.2. Adding a Log File" /><link rel="next" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html" title="18.13. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product
Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-logfiles-adding.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-logfiles-examining"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.12.3. Monitoring Log Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225470563808" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470562368" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>System Log</strong></span> monitors all opened logs by default. If a new line is added to a monitored log file, the log name appears in bold in the log list. If the log file is selected or displayed, the new lines appear in bold at the bottom of the log file. <a class="xref" href="s2-logfiles-examining.html#fig-redhat-logviewer-monitoring">Figure 18.7, “System Log - new log alert”</a> illustrates a new alert in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>cron</strong></span> log file and in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>messages</strong></span> log file. Clicking on the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>messages</strong></span> log file displays the logs in the file with the new lines in bold.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-logviewer-monitoring"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/redhat-logviewer-monitoring.png" width="444" alt="System Log - new log alert" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
System Log - New Log Alert
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-managing_queues.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-managing_queues.html
index 677f148..66a28ea 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-managing_queues.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-managing_queues.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html" title="18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html" title="18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog" /><link rel="next" href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html" title="18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/im
age_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-managing_queues"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.4.2. Managing Queues</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html" title="18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html" title="18.4. Working with Queues in Rsyslog" /><link rel="next" href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html" title="18.5. Configuring rsyslog on a Logging Server" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_le
ft.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-working_with_queues_in_rsyslog.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-configuring_rsyslog_on_a_logging_server.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-managing_queues"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.4.2. Managing Queues</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
All types of queues can be further configured to match your requirements. You can use several directives to modify both action queues and the main message queue. Currently, there are more than 20 queue parameters available, see <a class="xref" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html#brid-Log_Files-Resources-Online">the section called “Online Documentation”</a>. Some of these settings are used commonly, others, such as worker thread management, provide closer control over the queue behavior and are reserved for advanced users. With advanced settings, you can optimize <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span>'s performance, schedule queuing, or modify the behavior of a queue on system shutdown.
</div><h4 id="br-limiting_queue_size">Limiting Queue Size</h4><div class="para">
You can limit the number of messages that queue can contain with the following setting:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html
index 5e1126c..31578e5 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ntpd_useful-websites.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html" title="15.20. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html" title="15.20. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html" title="Chapter 16. Configuring PTP Using ptp4l" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a cla
ss="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ntpd_useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.20.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://doc.ntp.org/">http://doc.ntp.org/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html" title="15.20. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html" title="15.20. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html" title="Chapter 16. Configuring PTP Using ptp4l" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="ri
ght" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-ntpd_additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ntpd_useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.20.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://doc.ntp.org/">http://doc.ntp.org/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The NTP Documentation Archive
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/ntp.html">http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/ntp.html</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Network Time Synchronization Research Project.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-operf-categorization.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-operf-categorization.html
index f60199a..2f8dc2d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-operf-categorization.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-operf-categorization.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-using-operf.html" title="20.2. Using operf" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-operf-events.html" title="20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html" title="20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedor
aproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-operf-events.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-operf-categorization"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.2.3. Categorization of Samples</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-using-operf.html" title="20.2. Using operf" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-operf-events.html" title="20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html" title="20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproje
ct.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-operf-events.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-operf-categorization"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.2.3. Categorization of Samples</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <code class="option">--separate-thread</code> option categorizes samples by thread group ID (tgid) and thread ID (tid). This is useful for seeing per-thread samples in multi-threaded applications. When used in conjunction with the <code class="option">--system-wide</code> option, <code class="option">--separate-thread</code> is also useful for seeing per-process (i.e., per-thread group) samples for the case where multiple processes are executing the same program during a profiling run.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="option">--separate-cpu</code> option categorizes samples by CPU.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-operf-events.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-operf-events.html
index 9b328bb..89efc19 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-operf-events.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-operf-events.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-using-operf.html" title="20.2. Using operf" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-using-operf.html" title="20.2. Using operf" /><link rel="next" href="s2-operf-categorization.html" title="20.2.3. Categorization of Samples" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Comm
on_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-using-operf.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-operf-categorization.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-operf-events"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-using-operf.html" title="20.2. Using operf" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-using-operf.html" title="20.2. Using operf" /><link rel="next" href="s2-operf-categorization.html" title="20.2.3. Categorization of Samples" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Con
tent/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-using-operf.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-operf-categorization.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-operf-events"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Most processors contain counters, which are used by OProfile to monitor specific events. As shown in <a class="xref" href="s2-oprofile-events.html#tb-oprofile-processors">Table 20.3, “OProfile Processors and Counters”</a>, the number of counters available depends on the processor.
</div><div class="para">
The events for each counter can be configured via the command line or with a graphical interface. For more information on the graphical interface, see <a class="xref" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html">Section 20.10, “Graphical Interface”</a>. If the counter cannot be set to a specific event, an error message is displayed.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-events.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-events.html
index 8086fe1..66d62ea 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-events.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-events.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html" title="20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html" title="20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html" title="20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png"
alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-events"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263478246016" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html" title="20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html" title="20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html" title="20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="
Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-events"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225475320912" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most processors contain <em class="firstterm">counters</em>, which are used by OProfile to monitor specific events. As shown in <a class="xref" href="s2-oprofile-events.html#tb-oprofile-processors">Table 20.3, “OProfile Processors and Counters”</a>, the number of counters available depends on the processor.
</div><div class="table" id="tb-oprofile-processors"><h6>Table 20.3. OProfile Processors and Counters</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="OProfile Processors and Counters" border="1"><colgroup><col width="43%" class="option" /><col width="29%" class="description" /><col width="29%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Processor
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@
The number of events that can be monitored at one time is determined by the number of counters for the processor. However, it is not a one-to-one correlation; on some processors, certain events must be mapped to specific counters. To determine the number of counters available, execute the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">ls -d /dev/oprofile/[0-9]*</code></pre><div class="para">
The events available vary depending on the processor type. To determine the events available for profiling, execute the following command as root (the list is specific to the system's processor type):
- </div><a id="idm263479484976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263476835536" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">ophelp</code></pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure that OProfile is configured</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225455978512" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225455976592" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">ophelp</code></pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure that OProfile is configured</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Unless OProfile is properly configured, <code class="command">ophelp</code> fails with the following error message:
</div><pre class="screen">Unable to open cpu_type file for reading
Make sure you have done opcontrol --init
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ you should upgrade oprofile or force the use of timer mode</pre><div class="para
To set the event for each configurable counter via the command line, use <code class="command">opcontrol</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --event=<em class="replaceable"><code>event-name</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>event-name</code></em> with the exact name of the event from <code class="command">ophelp</code>, and replace <em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em> with the number of events between samples.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-oprofile-events-sampling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">20.3.2.1. Sampling Rate</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263476823440" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-oprofile-events-sampling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">20.3.2.1. Sampling Rate</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225470404784" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, a time-based event set is selected. It creates a sample every 100,000 clock cycles per processor. If the timer interrupt is used, the timer is set to the respective rate and is not user-settable. If the <code class="computeroutput">cpu_type</code> is not <code class="computeroutput">timer</code>, each event can have a <em class="firstterm">sampling rate</em> set for it. The sampling rate is the number of events between each sample snapshot.
</div><div class="para">
When setting the event for the counter, a sample rate can also be specified:
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ you should upgrade oprofile or force the use of timer mode</pre><div class="para
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em> with the number of events to wait before sampling again. The smaller the count, the more frequent the samples. For events that do not happen frequently, a lower count may be needed to capture the event instances.
</div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Sampling too frequently can overload the system</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Be extremely careful when setting sampling rates. Sampling too frequently can overload the system, causing the system to appear frozen or causing the system to actually freeze.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">20.3.2.2. Unit Masks</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263478941056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">20.3.2.2. Unit Masks</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225453307344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Some user performance monitoring events may also require unit masks to further define the event.
</div><div class="para">
Unit masks for each event are listed with the <code class="command">ophelp</code> command. The values for each unit mask are listed in hexadecimal format. To specify more than one unit mask, the hexadecimal values must be combined using a bitwise <em class="firstterm">or</em> operation.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-module-output.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-module-output.html
index 8b0c27b8..b5e53dc 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-module-output.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-module-output.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.6. Analyzing the Data" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html" title="20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html" title="20.6.4. Using opannotate" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a
class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-module-output"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263489972032" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489970112" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.6. Analyzing the Data" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html" title="20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html" title="20.6.4. Using opannotate" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class
="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-module-output"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225474724960" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225474723040" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OProfile collects data on a system-wide basis for kernel- and user-space code running on the machine. However, once a module is loaded into the kernel, the information about the origin of the kernel module is lost. The module could come from the <code class="filename">initrd</code> file on boot up, the directory with the various kernel modules, or a locally created kernel module. As a result, when OProfile records samples for a module, it just lists the samples for the modules for an executable in the root directory, but this is unlikely to be the place with the actual code for the module. You will need to take some steps to make sure that analysis tools get the proper executable.
</div><div class="para">
To get a more detailed view of the actions of the module, you will need to either have the module "unstripped" (that is installed from a custom build) or have the <span class="package">debuginfo</span> package installed for the kernel.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html
index d2f9768..1789edd 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.6. Analyzing the Data" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html" title="20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html" title="20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product
Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.6.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263489957744" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263489955824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.6. Analyzing the Data" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html" title="20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html" title="20.7. Understanding the /dev/oprofile/ directory" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site"
/></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.6.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225454405056" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454403136" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">opannotate</code> tool tries to match the samples for particular instructions to the corresponding lines in the source code. The resulting generated files should have the samples for the lines at the left. It also puts in a comment at the beginning of each function listing the total samples for the function.
</div><div class="para">
For this utility to work, the appropriate <span class="package">debuginfo</span> package for the executable must be installed on the system. On Fedora, the <span class="package">debuginfo</span> packages are not automatically installed with the corresponding packages that contain the executable. You have to obtain and install them separately.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html
index 85cbde9..09fd3d6 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.6. Analyzing the Data" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.6. Analyzing the Data" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html" title="20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="
right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263494370192" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263494367792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.6. Analyzing the Data" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.6. Analyzing the Data" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html" title="20.6.3. Getting More Detailed Output on the Modules" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.6.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225474961776" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225474959376" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To retrieve more detailed profiled information about a specific executable, use the <code class="command">opreport</code> command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opreport <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>executable</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>executable</code></em> with the full path to the executable to be analyzed. <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em> stands for one of the following options:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html
index dfa3368..dc4ce7f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html" title="20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-events.html" title="20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html" title="20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site"
/></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-events.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-starting-separate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263478933408" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html" title="20.3. Configuring OProfile Using Legacy Mode" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-events.html" title="20.3.2. Setting Events to Monitor" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html" title="20.4. Starting and Stopping OProfile Using Legacy Mode" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a>
<a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-events.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-starting-separate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">20.3.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225453754240" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, kernel mode and user mode information is gathered for each event. To configure OProfile to ignore events in kernel mode for a specific counter, execute the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --event=<em class="replaceable"><code>event-name</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>unit-mask</code></em>:0</code></pre><div class="para">
Execute the following command to start profiling kernel mode for the counter again:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-parsing_JSON.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-parsing_JSON.html
index 723eed2..b32c170 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-parsing_JSON.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-parsing_JSON.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html" title="18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-filtering_structured_messages.html" title="18.8.2. Filtering Structured Messages" /><link rel="next" href="s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html" title="18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png
" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-filtering_structured_messages.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-parsing_JSON"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.8.3. Parsing JSON</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html" title="18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-filtering_structured_messages.html" title="18.8.2. Filtering Structured Messages" /><link rel="next" href="s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html" title="18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt=
"Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-filtering_structured_messages.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-parsing_JSON"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.8.3. Parsing JSON</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">mmjsonparse</code> module is used for parsing structured messages. These messages can come from <span class="application"><strong>Journal</strong></span> or from other input sources, and must be formatted in a way defined by the <span class="bold bold"><strong>Lumberjack</strong></span> project. These messages are identified by the presence of the <span class="bold bold"><strong>@cee:</strong></span> string. Then, <code class="systemitem">mmjsonparse</code> checks if the JSON structure is valid and then the message is parsed.
</div><div class="para">
To parse lumberjack-formatted JSON messages with <code class="systemitem">mmjsonparse</code>, use the following configuration in the <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code>:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-rpm-freshening.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-rpm-freshening.html
index c5549ff..8918a63 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-rpm-freshening.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-rpm-freshening.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html" title="A.2.2. Uninstalling Packages" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-querying.html" title="A.2.4. Querying Packages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Con
tent/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-querying.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-freshening"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.3. Freshening Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263478786736" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478785296" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html" title="A.2.2. Uninstalling Packages" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-querying.html" title="A.2.4. Querying Packages" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/i
mages/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-querying.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-freshening"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.3. Freshening Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225434452896" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225434451456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Freshening is similar to upgrading, except that only installed packages are upgraded. Type the following command at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -Fvh <em class="replaceable"><code>package.rpm</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="option">-F</code> (or <code class="option">--freshen</code>) option compares the versions of the packages specified on the command line with the versions of packages that are already installed on the system. When a newer version of an already-installed package is processed by the <code class="option">--freshen</code> option, it is upgraded to the newer version. However, the <code class="option">--freshen</code> option does not install a package if no previously-installed package of the same name exists. This differs from regular upgrading, as an upgrade installs all specified packages regardless of whether or not older versions of the packages are already installed.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-rpm-querying.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-rpm-querying.html
index ee734ff..957814c 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-rpm-querying.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-rpm-querying.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html" title="A.2.3. Freshening Packages" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html" title="A.2.5. Verifying Packages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Conte
nt/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-querying"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.4. Querying Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263478774128" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478772688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html" title="A.2.3. Freshening Packages" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html" title="A.2.5. Verifying Packages" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/ima
ges/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-querying"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.4. Querying Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225462355888" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225462354448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> database stores information about all <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages installed on the system. It is stored in the <code class="filename">/var/lib/rpm/</code> directory and is used for many things, including querying what packages are installed, what version each package is, and for calculating changes to files in packages since their installation. To query this database, use the <code class="command">rpm</code> command with the <code class="option">-q</code> (or <code class="option">--query</code>) option:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -q <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
This command displays the package name, version, and release number of the installed package <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em>. For example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-rpm-uninstalling.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-rpm-uninstalling.html
index 79a2da2..a65ff35 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-rpm-uninstalling.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-rpm-uninstalling.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html" title="A.2.3. Freshening Packages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image
_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-rpm-using.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-uninstalling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.2. Uninstalling Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263482765424" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482763984" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482762544" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263482760624" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html" title="A.2.3. Freshening Packages" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right
.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-rpm-using.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-uninstalling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.2. Uninstalling Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225438013504" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225438012064" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225438010624" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225438008704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Uninstalling a package is just as simple as installing one. Type the following command at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">rpm -e <em class="replaceable"><code>package</code></em></code></pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>rpm -e and package name errors</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Note that the command expects only the package <span class="emphasis"><em>name</em></span>, not the name of the original package <span class="emphasis"><em>file</em></span>. If you attempt to uninstall a package using the <code class="command">rpm -e</code> command and provide the original full file name, you receive a package-name error.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-rpm-verifying.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-rpm-verifying.html
index 0130c9c..ef68a8c 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-rpm-verifying.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-rpm-verifying.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-querying.html" title="A.2.4. Querying Packages" /><link rel="next" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html" title="A.3. Finding and Verifying RPM Packages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="
Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-querying.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-verifying"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.5. Verifying Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263478760624" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478759184" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-querying.html" title="A.2.4. Querying Packages" /><link rel="next" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html" title="A.3. Finding and Verifying RPM Packages" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common
_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-querying.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-find-verify-rpm.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-verifying"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">A.2.5. Verifying Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225462342384" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225500509408" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Verifying a package is comparing information about files on the system installed from a package with the same information from the original package. Among other parameters, verifying compares the file size, MD5 sum, permissions, type, owner, and the group of each file.
</div><div class="para">
Use the <code class="command">rpm</code> command with the <code class="option">-V</code> (or <code class="option">--verify</code>) option to verify packages. For example:
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ S.5....T. c /etc/abrt/abrt.conf
The format of the output is a string of nine characters followed by an optional attribute marker and the name of the processed file.
</div><div class="para">
The first nine characters are the results of tests performed on the file. Each test is the comparison of one attribute of the file to the value of that attribute as recorded in the <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> database. A single period (<code class="computeroutput">.</code>) means the test passed, and the question-mark character (<code class="computeroutput">?</code>) signifies that the test could not be performed. The following table lists symbols that denote specific discrepancies:
- </div><div class="table" id="tab-rpm-verification-symbols"><h6>Table A.1. RPM Verification Symbols</h6><div class="table-contents"><a id="idm263478746000" class="indexterm"></a><table summary="RPM Verification Symbols" border="1"><colgroup><col width="20%" class="symbol" /><col width="80%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
+ </div><div class="table" id="tab-rpm-verification-symbols"><h6>Table A.1. RPM Verification Symbols</h6><div class="table-contents"><a id="idm225500496224" class="indexterm"></a><table summary="RPM Verification Symbols" border="1"><colgroup><col width="20%" class="symbol" /><col width="80%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Symbol
</th><th class="">
Description
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ S.5....T. c /etc/abrt/abrt.conf
capabilities differ
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
The attribute marker, if present, describes the purpose of the given file. The following table lists the available attribute markers:
- </div><div class="table" id="tab-rpm-verification-markers"><h6>Table A.2. RPM Verification Symbols</h6><div class="table-contents"><a id="idm263478719888" class="indexterm"></a><table summary="RPM Verification Symbols" border="1"><colgroup><col width="20%" class="marker" /><col width="80%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
+ </div><div class="table" id="tab-rpm-verification-markers"><h6>Table A.2. RPM Verification Symbols</h6><div class="table-contents"><a id="idm225466511536" class="indexterm"></a><table summary="RPM Verification Symbols" border="1"><colgroup><col width="20%" class="marker" /><col width="80%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="">
Marker
</th><th class="">
Description
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-services-additional-resources-books.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-services-additional-resources-books.html
index a540d3d..39627c6 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-services-additional-resources-books.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-services-additional-resources-books.html
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-services-additional-resources.html" title="7.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-services-additional-resources.html" title="7.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 8. OpenSSH" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedorapr
oject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-services-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-OpenSSH.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-services-additional-resources-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">7.3.2. Related Books</h3></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <em class="citetitle">Fedora 24 Security Guide</em> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-services-additional-resources.html" title="7.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-services-additional-resources.html" title="7.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 8. OpenSSH" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.
org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-services-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-OpenSSH.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-services-additional-resources-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">7.3.2. Related Books</h3></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <em class="citetitle">Fedora 24 Security Guide</em> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A guide to securing Fedora. It contains valuable information on how to set up the firewall, as well as the configuration of <span class="application"><strong>SELinux</strong></span>.
</div></dd></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-services-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>7.3. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-OpenSSH.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 8. OpenSSH</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html
index 4b70283..6550994 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html" title="8.5. More Than a Secure Shell" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html" title="8.5. More Than a Secure Shell" /><link rel="next" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html" title="8.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.f
edoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.5.2. Port Forwarding</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263483780064" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html" title="8.5. More Than a Secure Shell" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html" title="8.5. More Than a Secure Shell" /><link rel="next" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html" title="8.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedorap
roject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.5.2. Port Forwarding</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225452039856" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
SSH can secure otherwise insecure <code class="systemitem">TCP/IP</code> protocols via port forwarding. When using this technique, the SSH server becomes an encrypted conduit to the SSH client.
</div><div class="para">
Port forwarding works by mapping a local port on the client to a remote port on the server. SSH can map any port from the server to any port on the client. Port numbers do not need to match for this technique to work.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-clients-scp.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-clients-scp.html
index 146c34b..24e0e2a 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-clients-scp.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-clients-scp.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-clients.html" title="8.4. OpenSSH Clients" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-ssh-clients.html" title="8.4. OpenSSH Clients" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html" title="8.4.3. Using the sftp Utility" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common
_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-ssh-clients.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-scp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.4.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263488343520" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263488341920" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263488339840" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-clients.html" title="8.4. OpenSSH Clients" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-ssh-clients.html" title="8.4. OpenSSH Clients" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html" title="8.4.3. Using the sftp Utility" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Conte
nt/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-ssh-clients.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-scp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.4.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225428176416" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225428174816" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225457692000" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="command">scp</code> can be used to transfer files between machines over a secure, encrypted connection. In its design, it is very similar to <code class="command">rcp</code>.
</div><div class="para">
To transfer a local file to a remote system, use a command in the following form:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html
index 647fcae..b677a22 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-clients.html" title="8.4. OpenSSH Clients" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html" title="8.4.2. Using the scp Utility" /><link rel="next" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html" title="8.5. More Than a Secure Shell" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img
src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-sftp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.4.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263483835168" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263483833568" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-clients.html" title="8.4. OpenSSH Clients" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html" title="8.4.2. Using the scp Utility" /><link rel="next" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html" title="8.5. More Than a Secure Shell" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="C
ommon_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-sftp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.4.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225470514848" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470513248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">sftp</code> utility can be used to open a secure, interactive FTP session. In its design, it is similar to <code class="command">ftp</code> except that it uses a secure, encrypted connection.
</div><div class="para">
To connect to a remote system, use a command in the following form:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html
index cdf2308..0cc7034 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="8.2. Configuring OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html" title="8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html" title="8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="
Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263494912480" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="8.2. Configuring OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html" title="8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html" title="8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Produc
t Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225464915104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To improve the system security even further, generate SSH key pairs and then enforce key-based authentication by disabling password authentication. To do so, open the <code class="filename">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code> configuration file in a text editor such as <span class="application"><strong>vi</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>nano</strong></span>, and change the <code class="option">PasswordAuthentication</code> option as follows:
</div><pre class="screen">PasswordAuthentication no</pre><div class="para">
If you are working on a system other than a new default installation, check that <code class="command">PubkeyAuthentication no</code> has <span class="bold bold"><strong>not</strong></span> been set. If connected remotely, not using console or out-of-band access, testing the key-based log in process before disabling password authentication is advised.
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
If you complete the steps as <code class="systemitem">root</code>, only <code class="systemitem">root</code> will be able to use the keys.
</div></div></div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Backup your ~/.ssh/ directory</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If you reinstall your system and want to keep previously generated key pairs, backup the <code class="filename">~/.ssh/</code> directory. After reinstalling, copy it back to your home directory. This process can be done for all users on your system, including <code class="systemitem">root</code>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.2.4.1. Generating Key Pairs</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263495593680" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263495592240" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.2.4.1. Generating Key Pairs</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225470786848" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470785408" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To generate an RSA key pair for version 2 of the SSH protocol, follow these steps:
- </div><a id="idm263495589872" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225442948688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Generate an RSA key pair by typing the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ssh-keygen -t rsa</code>
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ The key's randomart image is:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ls -ld ~/.ssh</code>
drwx------. 2 USER USER 54 Nov 25 16:56 /home/USER/.ssh/</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
To copy the public key to a remote machine, issue a command in the following format: <pre class="synopsis"> <code class="command">ssh-copy-id <em class="replaceable"><code>user@hostname</code></em></code></pre> This will copy the most recently modified <code class="filename">~/.ssh/id*.pub</code> public key if it is not yet installed. Alternatively, specify the public key's file name as follows: <pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">ssh-copy-id -i <code class="filename">~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>user@hostname</code></em></code></pre> This will copy the content of <code class="filename">~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub</code> into the <code class="filename">~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code> file on the machine to which you want to connect. If the file already exists, the keys are appended to its end.
- </div></li></ol></div><a id="idm263495572256" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263495570816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div><a id="idm225447942464" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225447941024" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To generate an ECDSA key pair for version 2 of the SSH protocol, follow these steps:
- </div><a id="idm263495568448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="idm225447938544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Generate an ECDSA key pair by typing the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ssh-keygen -t ecdsa</code>
Generating public/private ecdsa key pair.
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ drwx------. 2 USER USER 54 Nov 25 16:56 /home/USER/.ssh/</pre></li><li class="st
See <a class="xref" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Section 8.2.4.2, “Configuring ssh-agent”</a> for information on how to set up your system to remember the passphrase.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Never share your private key</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The private key is for your personal use only, and it is important that you never give it to anyone.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.2.4.2. Configuring ssh-agent</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm263495547376" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263495545776" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title">8.2.4.2. Configuring ssh-agent</h4></div></div></div><a id="idm225470397984" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470396384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To store your passphrase so that you do not have to enter it each time you initiate a connection with a remote machine, you can use the <code class="command">ssh-agent</code> authentication agent. To save your passphrase for a certain shell prompt, use the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ssh-add</code>
Enter passphrase for /home/USER/.ssh/id_rsa:</pre><div class="para">
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html
index 8c956e5..bb7a927 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="8.2. Configuring OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html" title="8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html" title="8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" h
ref="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263494925168" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263494923728" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="8.2. Configuring OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html" title="8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html" title="8.2.4. Using Key-based Authentication" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="h
ttp://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225490466480" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225490465040" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For SSH to be truly effective, using insecure connection protocols should be prohibited. Otherwise, a user's password may be protected using SSH for one session, only to be captured later while logging in using Telnet. Some services to disable include <code class="command">telnet</code>, <code class="command">rsh</code>, <code class="command">rlogin</code>, and <code class="command">vsftpd</code>.
</div><div class="para">
These services are not installed by default in Fedora. If required, to make sure these services are not running, type the following commands at a shell prompt:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html
index ab21fe1..7e8f30b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="8.2. Configuring OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="8.2. Configuring OpenSSH" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html" title="8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="ht
tp://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263494945072" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="8.2. Configuring OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="8.2. Configuring OpenSSH" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html" title="8.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://d
ocs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225474579104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To run an OpenSSH server, you must have the <span class="package">openssh-server</span> package installed. See <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing.html">Section 6.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a> for more information on how to install new packages in Fedora 24.
- </div></div></div><a id="idm263494941248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><a id="idm225474575360" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start the <code class="command">sshd</code> daemon in the current session, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl start sshd.service</code></pre><a id="idm263494936960" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl start sshd.service</code></pre><a id="idm225460096304" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To stop the running <code class="command">sshd</code> daemon in the current session, use the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl stop sshd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
If you want the daemon to start automatically at the boot time, type as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html
index 81aa800..55eb05b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html" title="18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-parsing_JSON.html" title="18.8.3. Parsing JSON" /><link rel="next" href="s1-debugging_rsyslog.html" title="18.9. Debugging Rsyslog" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fe
doraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-parsing_JSON.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-debugging_rsyslog.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog.html" title="18.8. Structured Logging with Rsyslog" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-parsing_JSON.html" title="18.8.3. Parsing JSON" /><link rel="next" href="s1-debugging_rsyslog.html" title="18.9. Debugging Rsyslog" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedorapr
oject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-parsing_JSON.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-debugging_rsyslog.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-storing_messages_in_the_mongodb"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.8.4. Storing Messages in the MongoDB</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>Rsyslog</strong></span> supports storing JSON logs in the <span class="database">MongoDB</span> document database through the <span class="emphasis"><em>ommongodb</em></span> output module.
</div><div class="para">
To forward log messages into <span class="database">MongoDB</span>, use the following syntax in the <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> (configuration parameters for <span class="emphasis"><em>ommongodb</em></span> are available only in the new configuration format; see <a class="xref" href="sec-using_the_new_configuration_format.html">Section 18.3, “Using the New Configuration Format”</a>):
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html
index 70c6f2a..f4ec2e6 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html" title="17.4.3. Using the partx Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /
></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.2. Using the blkid Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263482344928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html" title="17.4.3. Using the partx Command" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><
a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.2. Using the blkid Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225493321408" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">blkid</code> command allows you to display information about available block devices. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">blkid</code></pre><div class="para">
For each listed block device, the <code class="command">blkid</code> command displays available attributes such as its <em class="firstterm">universally unique identifier</em> (<code class="computeroutput">UUID</code>), file system type (<code class="computeroutput">TYPE</code>), or volume label (<code class="computeroutput">LABEL</code>). For example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html
index 0f2fe22..96c9dd7 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html" title="17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html" title="17.4.6. Using the du Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a c
lass="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.5. Using the df Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263482351584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html" title="17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html" title="17.4.6. Using the du Command" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="
right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.5. Using the df Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225449957792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">df</code> command allows you to display a detailed report on the system's disk space usage. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">df</code></pre><div class="para">
For each listed file system, the <code class="command">df</code> command displays its name (<code class="computeroutput">Filesystem</code>), size (<code class="computeroutput">1K-blocks</code> or <code class="computeroutput">Size</code>), how much space is used (<code class="computeroutput">Used</code>), how much space is still available (<code class="computeroutput">Available</code>), the percentage of space usage (<code class="computeroutput">Use%</code>), and where is the file system mounted (<code class="computeroutput">Mounted on</code>). For example:
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ tmpfs 373M 3.0M 370M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/vg_fedora-lv_root 19G 4.4G 14G 25% /
tmpfs 373M 0 373M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 373M 0 373M 0% /media
-/dev/vda1 497M 84M 389M 18% /boot</pre><a id="idm263487337824" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487335744" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487334624" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497449920" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497448800" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263497446720" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+/dev/vda1 497M 84M 389M 18% /boot</pre><a id="idm225457596768" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225455690912" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225455689792" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225455687712" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225455686592" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225451352576" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Note that the <code class="filename">/dev/shm</code> entry represents the system's virtual memory file system, <code class="filename">/sys/fs/cgroup</code> is a cgroup file system, and <code class="filename">/run</code> contains information about the running system.
</div><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>df</strong></span>(1) manual page.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html
index 84b1079..162cc91 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html" title="17.4.5. Using the df Command" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html" title="17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site"
/></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.6. Using the du Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263497373456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html" title="17.4.5. Using the df Command" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html" title="17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a
><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.6. Using the du Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225455433488" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">du</code> command allows you to displays the amount of space that is being used by files in a directory. To display the disk usage for each of the subdirectories in the current working directory, run the command with no additional command line options:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">du</code></pre><div class="para">
For example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html
index 3e669f1..5438520 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html" title="17.4.3. Using the partx Command" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html" title="17.4.5. Using the df Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class
="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263489788592" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html" title="17.4.3. Using the partx Command" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html" title="17.4.5. Using the df Command" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="righ
t" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225452840464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">findmnt</code> command allows you to display a list of currently mounted file systems. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">findmnt</code></pre><div class="para">
For each listed file system, the <code class="command">findmnt</code> command displays the target mount point (<code class="computeroutput">TARGET</code>), source device (<code class="computeroutput">SOURCE</code>), file system type (<code class="computeroutput">FSTYPE</code>), and relevant mount options (<code class="computeroutput">OPTIONS</code>). For example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html
index 3e6d30c..f549679 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html" title="17.4.2. Using the blkid Command" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html" title="17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></
a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.3. Using the partx Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263495095504" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html" title="17.4.2. Using the blkid Command" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html" title="17.4.4. Using the findmnt Command" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a c
lass="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.3. Using the partx Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225448634048" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">partx</code> command allows you to display a list of disk partitions. To list the partition table of a particular disk, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>, run this command with the <code class="option">-s</code> option followed by the device name:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">partx</code> <code class="option">-s</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>device_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
For example, to list partitions on <code class="filename">/dev/vda</code>, type:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html
index 4c3e23f..66a09f9 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html" title="17.4.6. Using the du Command" /><link rel="next" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html" title="17.5. Viewing Hardware Information" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="righ
t" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263479296848" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263473894400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="17.4. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html" title="17.4.6. Using the du Command" /><link rel="next" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html" title="17.5. Viewing Hardware Information" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" hre
f="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.4.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225445446016" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225445444896" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>File Systems</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool allows you to view file systems and disk space usage in the graphical user interface.
</div><div class="para">
To start the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool, either select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or type <code class="command">gnome-system-monitor</code> at a shell prompt. Then click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>File Systems</strong></span> tab to view a list of file systems.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html
index 7f6fa79..f7e4ffc 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html" title="17.5. Viewing Hardware Information" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html" title="17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command" /><link rel="next" href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html" title="17.6. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site
" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263477023072" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html" title="17.5. Viewing Hardware Information" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html" title="17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command" /><link rel="next" href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html" title="17.6. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></
a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225461767440" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lscpu</code> command allows you to list information about CPUs that are present in the system, including the number of CPUs, their architecture, vendor, family, model, CPU caches, etc. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">lscpu</code></pre><div class="para">
For example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html
index 4a64965..9f8b006 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html" title="17.5. Viewing Hardware Information" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html" title="17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html" title="17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href
="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263489892608" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html" title="17.5. Viewing Hardware Information" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html" title="17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html" title="17.5.4. Using the lscpu Command" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http
://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225475501600" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lspcmcia</code> command allows you to list all PCMCIA devices that are present in the system. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">lspcmcia</code></pre><div class="para">
For example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html
index 808d836..9ff4fc4 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html" title="17.5. Viewing Hardware Information" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html" title="17.5. Viewing Hardware Information" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html" title="17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" h
ref="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263486697824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html" title="17.5. Viewing Hardware Information" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html" title="17.5. Viewing Hardware Information" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html" title="17.5.3. Using the lspcmcia Command" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="h
ttp://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.5.2. Using the lsusb Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225473995920" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lsusb</code> command allows you to display information about USB buses and devices that are attached to them. To list all USB devices that are in the system, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">lsusb</code></pre><div class="para">
This displays a simple list of devices, for example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html
index e0cfeba..156be65 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html" title="17.2. Viewing Memory Usage" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html" title="17.2. Viewing Memory Usage" /><link rel="next" href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html" title="17.3. Viewing CPU Usage" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.or
g"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263481455824" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263481454704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html" title="17.2. Viewing Memory Usage" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html" title="17.2. Viewing Memory Usage" /><link rel="next" href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html" title="17.3. Viewing CPU Usage" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><im
g src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-cpu.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">17.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225460637296" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225453620560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Resources</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool allows you to view the amount of free and used memory on the system.
</div><div class="para">
To start the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool, either select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or type <code class="command">gnome-system-monitor</code> at a shell prompt. Then click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Resources</strong></span> tab to view the system's memory usage.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-users-tools-groups-add.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-users-tools-groups-add.html
index 995665b..00a5bbc 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-users-tools-groups-add.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-users-tools-groups-add.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="4.3. Using Command Line Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="4.3. Using Command Line Tools" /><link rel="next" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html" title="4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedora
project.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-users-tools.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-groups-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.2. Adding a New Group</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263486366320" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263486364720" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="4.3. Using Command Line Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="4.3. Using Command Line Tools" /><link rel="next" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html" title="4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraprojec
t.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-users-tools.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-groups-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.2. Adding a New Group</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225458102576" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225460753424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To add a new group to the system, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">groupadd</code> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>group_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em> are command-line options as described in <a class="xref" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html#table-groupadd-options">Table 4.3, “Common groupadd command-line options”</a>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html
index f376443..8222e18 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="4.3. Using Command Line Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html" title="4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html" title="4.4. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http
://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-groups-directories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.5. Creating Group Directories</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263496387344" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496385904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="4.3. Using Command Line Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html" title="4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html" title="4.4. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://doc
s.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Users_and_Groups-Resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-groups-directories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.5. Creating Group Directories</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225455444368" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225455442928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
System administrators usually like to create a group for each major project and assign people to the group when they need to access that project's files. With this traditional scheme, file management is difficult; when someone creates a file, it is associated with the primary group to which they belong. When a single person works on multiple projects, it becomes difficult to associate the right files with the right group. However, with the UPG scheme, groups are automatically assigned to files created within a directory with the <em class="firstterm">setgid</em> bit set. The setgid bit makes managing group projects that share a common directory very simple because any files a user creates within the directory are owned by the group that owns the directory.
</div><div class="para">
For example, a group of people need to work on files in the <code class="filename">/opt/myproject/</code> directory. Some people are trusted to modify the contents of this directory, but not everyone.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-users-tools-password-aging.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-users-tools-password-aging.html
index 38b3201..8edd4d9 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-users-tools-password-aging.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-users-tools-password-aging.html
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="4.3. Using Command Line Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html" title="4.3.2. Adding a New Group" /><link rel="next" href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html" title="4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://doc
s.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-password-aging"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263486332304" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263486330864" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263486329424" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263486328496" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263486326768" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="4.3. Using Command Line Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html" title="4.3.2. Adding a New Group" /><link rel="next" href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html" title="4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedo
raproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-password-aging"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225473425248" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225473423808" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452030048" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452029120" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452027392" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For security reasons, it is advisable to require users to change their passwords periodically. This can be done by using the <code class="command">chage</code> command.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Shadow passwords must be enabled to use chage</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Shadow passwords must be enabled to use the <code class="command">chage</code> command. For more information, see <a class="xref" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Section 4.1.2, “Shadow Passwords”</a>.
- </div></div></div><a id="idm263486321360" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><a id="idm225443594016" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To configure password expiration for a user from a shell prompt, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">chage</code> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></pre><div class="para">
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em> are command line options as described in <a class="xref" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html#table-chage-options">Table 4.4, “chage command line options”</a>. When the <code class="command">chage</code> command is followed directly by a username (that is, when no command line options are specified), it displays the current password aging values and allows you to change them interactively.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-users-tools-users-logout.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-users-tools-users-logout.html
index b957e5c..60f3931 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-users-tools-users-logout.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-users-tools-users-logout.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="4.3. Using Command Line Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html" title="4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging" /><link rel="next" href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html" title="4.3.5. Creating Group Directories" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" h
ref="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-users-logout"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="4.3. Using Command Line Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html" title="4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging" /><link rel="next" href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html" title="4.3.5. Creating Group Directories" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="h
ttp://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-users-logout"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Especially when the user is logged in as <code class="systemitem">root</code>, an unattended login session may pose a significant security risk. To reduce this risk, you can configure the system to automatically log out idle users after a fixed period of time:
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Make sure the <span class="package">screen</span> package is installed. You can do so by running the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-using_RELP.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-using_RELP.html
index c301659..87abea6 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-using_RELP.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-using_RELP.html
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html" title="18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-enabling_encrypted_transport.html" title="18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport" /><link rel="next" href="s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html" title="18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Sit
e" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-enabling_encrypted_transport.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-using_RELP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.6.4. Using RELP</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-using_rsyslog_modules.html" title="18.6. Using Rsyslog Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-enabling_encrypted_transport.html" title="18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport" /><link rel="next" href="s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html" title="18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /><
/a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-enabling_encrypted_transport.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-using_RELP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">18.6.4. Using RELP</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Reliable Event Logging Protocol</em></span> (RELP) is a networking protocol for data logging in computer networks. It is designed to provide reliable delivery of event messages, which makes it useful in environments where message loss is not acceptable.
</div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-enabling_encrypted_transport.html"><strong>Prev</strong>18.6.3. Enabling Encrypted Transport</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal.html"><strong>Next</strong>18.7. Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html
index 52edd92..6f61025 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html" title="15.17.4. Adding a Server Address" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html" title="15.17.6. Adding a Manycast Client Address" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.5. Adding a Broadcast or Multicast Server Address</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html" title="15.17.4. Adding a Server Address" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html" title="15.17.6. Adding a Manycast Client Address" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href=
"http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.5. Adding a Broadcast or Multicast Server Address</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To add a broadcast or multicast address for sending, that is to say, the address to broadcast or multicast <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> packets to, make use of the <code class="command">broadcast</code> command in the <code class="filename">ntp.conf</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
The broadcast and multicast modes require authentication by default. See <a class="xref" href="s1-Authentication_Options_for_NTP.html">Section 15.6, “Authentication Options for NTP”</a>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html
index fc33801..f51a6ce 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html" title="15.17.6. Adding a Manycast Client Address" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html" title="15.17.8. Adding a Manycast Server Address" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a
><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.7. Adding a Broadcast Client Address</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html" title="15.17.6. Adding a Manycast Client Address" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html" title="15.17.8. Adding a Manycast Server Address" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a cl
ass="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.7. Adding a Broadcast Client Address</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To add a broadcast client address, that is to say, to configure a broadcast address to be monitored for broadcast <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> packets, make use of the <code class="command">broadcastclient</code> command in the <code class="filename">ntp.conf</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">broadcastclient</code> command takes the following form:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html
index 22a36d0..d5d7a08 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html" title="15.17.5. Adding a Broadcast or Multicast Server Address" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html" title="15.17.7. Adding a Broadcast Client Address" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_lef
t.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.6. Adding a Manycast Client Address</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html" title="15.17.5. Adding a Broadcast or Multicast Server Address" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html" title="15.17.7. Adding a Broadcast Client Address" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png"
alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Adding_a_Manycast_Client_Address"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.6. Adding a Manycast Client Address</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To add a manycast client address, that is to say, to configure a multicast address to be used for <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> server discovery, make use of the <code class="command">manycastclient</code> command in the <code class="filename">ntp.conf</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">manycastclient</code> command takes the following form:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html
index fc20c1e..2a48519 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html" title="15.17.2. Configure Rate Limiting Access to an NTP Service" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html" title="15.17.4. Adding a Server Address" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Prod
uct Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.3. Adding a Peer Address</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html" title="15.17.2. Configure Rate Limiting Access to an NTP Service" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html" title="15.17.4. Adding a Server Address" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Si
te" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.3. Adding a Peer Address</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To add the address of a peer, that is to say, the address of a server running an <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> service of the same stratum, make use of the <code class="command">peer</code> command in the <code class="filename">ntp.conf</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">peer</code> command takes the following form:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html
index dddecef..7e677e2 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_Server_Address.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html" title="15.17.3. Adding a Peer Address" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html" title="15.17.5. Adding a Broadcast or Multicast Server Address" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Sit
e" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Adding_a_Server_Address"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.4. Adding a Server Address</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html" title="15.17.3. Adding a Peer Address" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html" title="15.17.5. Adding a Broadcast or Multicast Server Address" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /><
/a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcast_or_Mutlticast_Server_Address.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Adding_a_Server_Address"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.4. Adding a Server Address</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To add the address of a server, that is to say, the address of a server running an <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> service of a higher stratum, make use of the <code class="command">server</code> command in the <code class="filename">ntp.conf</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">server</code> command takes the following form:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html
index 68754e8..4c54f56 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html" title="15.17.7. Adding a Broadcast Client Address" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html" title="15.17.9. Adding a Multicast Client Address" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" />
</a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.8. Adding a Manycast Server Address</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html" title="15.17.7. Adding a Broadcast Client Address" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html" title="15.17.9. Adding a Multicast Client Address" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a
class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Adding_a_Broadcastclient_Address.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.8. Adding a Manycast Server Address</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To add a manycast server address, that is to say, to configure an address to allow the clients to discover the server by multicasting <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> packets, make use of the <code class="command">manycastserver</code> command in the <code class="filename">ntp.conf</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">manycastserver</code> command takes the following form:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html
index e79a8ef..94ac742 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html" title="15.17.8. Adding a Manycast Server Address" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html" title="15.17.10. Configuring the Burst Option" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a cla
ss="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.9. Adding a Multicast Client Address</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html" title="15.17.8. Adding a Manycast Server Address" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html" title="15.17.10. Configuring the Burst Option" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="ri
ght" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Adding_a_manycastserver_Address.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.9. Adding a Multicast Client Address</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To add a multicast client address, that is to say, to configure a multicast address to be monitored for multicast <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> packets, make use of the <code class="command">multicastclient</code> command in the <code class="filename">ntp.conf</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">multicastclient</code> command takes the following form:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html
index 9181bd8..a570ae2 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html" title="15.17.3. Adding a Peer Address" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img s
rc="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.2. Configure Rate Limiting Access to an NTP Service</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html" title="15.17.3. Adding a Peer Address" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Co
mmon_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Adding_a_Peer_Address.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Configure_Rate_Limiting_Access_to_an_NTP_Service"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.2. Configure Rate Limiting Access to an NTP Service</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To enable rate limiting access to the <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> service running on a system, add the <code class="option">limited</code> option to the <code class="command">restrict</code> command as explained in <a class="xref" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html#s2-Configure_Access_Control_to_an_NTP_service">Section 15.17.1, “Configure Access Control to an NTP Service”</a>. If you do not want to use the default discard parameters, then also use the <code class="command">discard</code> command as explained here.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">discard</code> command takes the following form:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html
index 0598cf8..67a7668 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval.html" title="15.17.13. Configuring the Poll Interval" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html" title="15.17.15. Configuring the Time-to-Live for NTP Packets" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt
="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Configuring_Server_Preference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.14. Configuring Server Preference</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval.html" title="15.17.13. Configuring the Poll Interval" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html" title="15.17.15. Configuring the Time-to-Live for NTP Packets" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Prod
uct Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Configuring_Server_Preference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.14. Configuring Server Preference</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To specify that a particular server should be preferred above others of similar statistical quality, add the following option to the end of a server or peer command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">prefer</code></pre><div class="para">
Use this server for synchronization in preference to other servers of similar statistical quality. This option is for use with the <code class="command">peer</code> or <code class="command">server</code> commands.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html
index a6dee1b..e034abb 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.12. Configuring Symmetric Authentication Using a Key</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option.html" title="15.17.11. Configuring the iburst Option" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval.html" title="15.17.13. Configuring the Poll Interval" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="righ
t" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.12. Configuring Symmetric Authentication Using a Key</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To configure symmetric authentication using a key, add the following option to the end of a server or peer command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">key</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
where <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> is in the range <code class="literal">1</code> to <code class="literal">65534</code> inclusive. This option enables the use of a <em class="firstterm">message authentication code</em> (<acronym class="acronym">MAC</acronym>) in packets. This option is for use with the <code class="command">peer</code>, <code class="command">server</code>, <code class="command">broadcast</code>, and <code class="command">manycastclient</code> commands.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html
index d3d0752..db2f7c8 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html" title="15.17.15. Configuring the Time-to-Live for NTP Packets" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html" title="15.18. Configuring the Hardware Clock Update" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_
left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.16. Configuring the NTP Version to Use</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html" title="15.17.15. Configuring the Time-to-Live for NTP Packets" /><link rel="next" href="s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html" title="15.18. Configuring the Hardware Clock Update" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.p
ng" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-Configuring_the_Hardware_Clock_update.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.16. Configuring the NTP Version to Use</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To specify that a particular version of <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> should be used in place of the default, add the following option to the end of a server or peer command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">version</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Specify the version of <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> set in created <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> packets. The value can be in the range <code class="literal">1</code> to <code class="literal">4</code>. The default is <code class="literal">4</code>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval.html
index 8c0e186..f878478 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html" title="15.17.12. Configuring Symmetric Authentication Using a Key" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html" title="15.17.14. Configuring Server Preference" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.
png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.13. Configuring the Poll Interval</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html" title="15.17.12. Configuring Symmetric Authentication Using a Key" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html" title="15.17.14. Configuring Server Preference" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" a
lt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Configuring_the_Poll_Interval"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.13. Configuring the Poll Interval</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To change the default poll interval, add the following options to the end of a server or peer command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">minpoll</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> and <code class="command">maxpoll</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Options to change the default poll interval, where the interval in seconds will be calculated by raising 2 to the power of <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em>, in other words, the interval is expressed in <span class="mathphrase">log<sub>2</sub></span> seconds. The default <code class="option">minpoll</code> value is 6, <span class="mathphrase">2<sup>6</sup></span> equates to 64s. The default value for <code class="option">maxpoll</code> is 10, which equates to 1024s. Allowed values are in the range 3 to 17 inclusive, which equates to 8s to 36.4h respectively. These options are for use with the <code class="command">peer</code> or <code class="command">server</code>. Setting a shorter <code class="option">maxpoll</code> may improve clock accuracy.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html
index c0cf274..667e750 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html" title="15.17.14. Configuring Server Preference" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html" title="15.17.16. Configuring the NTP Version to Use" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /
></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.15. Configuring the Time-to-Live for NTP Packets</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html" title="15.17.14. Configuring Server Preference" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html" title="15.17.16. Configuring the NTP Version to Use" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><
a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Configuring_Server_Preference.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Configuring_The_Version_of_NTP_to_use.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Configuring_the_Time-To-Live_for_NTP_Packets"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.15. Configuring the Time-to-Live for NTP Packets</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To specify that a particular <em class="firstterm">time-to-live</em> (<acronym class="acronym">TTL</acronym>) value should be used in place of the default, add the following option to the end of a server or peer command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">ttl</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Specify the time-to-live value to be used in packets sent by broadcast servers and multicast <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> servers. Specify the maximum time-to-live value to use for the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">expanding ring search</span>”</span> by a manycast client. The default value is <code class="literal">127</code>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html
index 5c4e774..969d6e3 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html" title="15.17.9. Adding a Multicast Client Address" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option.html" title="15.17.11. Configuring the iburst Option" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a
class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Configuring_the_burst_option"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.10. Configuring the Burst Option</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html" title="15.17.9. Adding a Multicast Client Address" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option.html" title="15.17.11. Configuring the iburst Option" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class
="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Adding_a_multicastclient_Address.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Configuring_the_burst_option"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.10. Configuring the Burst Option</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Using the <code class="command">burst</code> option against a public server is considered abuse. Do not use this option with public <code class="systemitem">NTP</code> servers. Use it only for applications within your own organization.
</div><div class="para">
To increase the average quality of time offset statistics, add the following option to the end of a server command:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option.html
index 9e11dd1..797389b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
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- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html" title="15.17.10. Configuring the Burst Option" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html" title="15.17.12. Configuring Symmetric Authentication Using a Key" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.pn
g" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.11. Configuring the iburst Option</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-Configure_NTP.html" title="15.17. Configure NTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html" title="15.17.10. Configuring the Burst Option" /><link rel="next" href="s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html" title="15.17.12. Configuring Symmetric Authentication Using a Key" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt
="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2_Configuring_the_burst_option.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2_Configuring_Symmetric_Authentication_Using_a_Key.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2_Configuring_the_iburst_Option"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">15.17.11. Configuring the iburst Option</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To improve the time taken for initial synchronization, add the following option to the end of a server command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">iburst</code></pre><div class="para">
At every poll interval, send a burst of eight packets instead of one. When the server is not responding, packets are sent 16s apart. When the server responds, packets are sent every 2s. For use with the <code class="command">server</code> command to reduce the time taken for initial synchronization. This is now a default option in the configuration file.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html
index d1df176..3a6db23 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="13.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ftp-servers.html" title="13.2.2. FTP Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html" title="13.2.4. Starting and Stopping vsftpd" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/imag
es/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ftp-servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263488183200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="13.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ftp-servers.html" title="13.2.2. FTP Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html" title="13.2.4. Starting and Stopping vsftpd" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/ima
ge_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ftp-servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225472906080" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">vsftpd</code> RPM installs the daemon (<code class="filename">/usr/sbin/vsftpd</code>), its configuration and related files, as well as <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> directories onto the system. The following lists the files and directories related to <code class="command">vsftpd</code> configuration:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/vsftpd</code> — The <span class="emphasis"><em>initialization script</em></span> (<em class="firstterm">initscript</em>) used by the <code class="command">systemctl</code> command to start, stop, or reload <code class="command">vsftpd</code>. See <a class="xref" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Section 13.2.4, “Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> ”</a> for more information about using this script.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s3-services-running-restarting.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s3-services-running-restarting.html
index 2586a15..48e413e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s3-services-running-restarting.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s3-services-running-restarting.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-services-running.html" title="7.2. Running Services" /><link rel="prev" href="s3-services-running-stopping.html" title="7.2.3. Stopping the Service" /><link rel="next" href="s1-services-additional-resources.html" title="7.3. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs
.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s3-services-running-stopping.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-services-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s3-services-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-services-running.html" title="7.2. Running Services" /><link rel="prev" href="s3-services-running-stopping.html" title="7.2.3. Stopping the Service" /><link rel="next" href="s1-services-additional-resources.html" title="7.3. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedor
aproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s3-services-running-stopping.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-services-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s3-services-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To restart a service, use the <code class="command">systemctl</code> command in the following form:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl</code> <code class="option">restart</code> <code class="option"><em class="replaceable"><code>service_name</code></em>.service</code></pre><div class="example" id="exam-services-running-restarting"><h6>Example 7.7. Restarting the sshd service</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
For any changes in the <code class="filename">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code> configuration file to take effect, it is required that you restart the <code class="systemitem">sshd</code> service. You can do so by typing the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s3-services-running-running.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s3-services-running-running.html
index 4d7f7b4..bbe9d05 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s3-services-running-running.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s3-services-running-running.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-services-running.html" title="7.2. Running Services" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-services-running.html" title="7.2. Running Services" /><link rel="next" href="s3-services-running-stopping.html" title="7.2.3. Stopping the Service" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.or
g"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-services-running.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s3-services-running-stopping.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s3-services-running-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">7.2.2. Running the Service</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-services-running.html" title="7.2. Running Services" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-services-running.html" title="7.2. Running Services" /><link rel="next" href="s3-services-running-stopping.html" title="7.2.3. Stopping the Service" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><im
g src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-services-running.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s3-services-running-stopping.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s3-services-running-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">7.2.2. Running the Service</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To run a service, use the <code class="command">systemctl</code> command in the following form:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl</code> <code class="option">start</code> <code class="option"><em class="replaceable"><code>service_name</code></em>.service</code></pre><div class="para">
This will start the service in the current session. To configure the service to be started at boot time, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-enabling">Section 7.1.1, “Enabling the Service”</a>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s3-services-running-stopping.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s3-services-running-stopping.html
index b176617..8cdfb11 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s3-services-running-stopping.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s3-services-running-stopping.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-services-running.html" title="7.2. Running Services" /><link rel="prev" href="s3-services-running-running.html" title="7.2.2. Running the Service" /><link rel="next" href="s3-services-running-restarting.html" title="7.2.4. Restarting the Service" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs
.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s3-services-running-running.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s3-services-running-restarting.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s3-services-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-services-running.html" title="7.2. Running Services" /><link rel="prev" href="s3-services-running-running.html" title="7.2.2. Running the Service" /><link rel="next" href="s3-services-running-restarting.html" title="7.2.4. Restarting the Service" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedor
aproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s3-services-running-running.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s3-services-running-restarting.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s3-services-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To stop a service, use the <code class="command">systemctl</code> command in the following form:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl</code> <code class="option">stop</code> <code class="option"><em class="replaceable"><code>service_name</code></em>.service</code></pre><div class="para">
This will stop the service in the current session. To disable starting the service at boot time, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-enabling">Section 7.1.1, “Enabling the Service”</a>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s5-vnc-viewer.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s5-vnc-viewer.html
index c865b3b..49acdc8 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s5-vnc-viewer.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s5-vnc-viewer.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-TigerVNC.html" title="Chapter 9. TigerVNC" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-TigerVNC.html" title="Chapter 9. TigerVNC" /><link rel="next" href="s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html" title="9.2.2. Connecting to VNC Server" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Commo
n_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-TigerVNC.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s5-vnc-viewer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">9.2. VNC Viewer</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-TigerVNC.html" title="Chapter 9. TigerVNC" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-TigerVNC.html" title="Chapter 9. TigerVNC" /><link rel="next" href="s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html" title="9.2.2. Connecting to VNC Server" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Cont
ent/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-TigerVNC.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s5-vnc-viewer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">9.2. VNC Viewer</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">vncviewer</code> is the program which shows the shared graphical user interfaces and controls the server.
</div><div class="para">
For operating the <code class="systemitem">vncviewer</code>, there is a pop-up menu containing entries which perform various actions such as switching in and out of full-screen mode or quitting the viewer. Alternatively, you can operate <code class="systemitem">vncviewer</code> through the terminal. Enter <code class="command">vncviewer -h</code> on the command line to list <code class="systemitem">vncviewer</code>'s parameters.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html
index 1927d47..3ffcf93 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s6-connecting-vnc-viewer.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s5-vnc-viewer.html" title="9.2. VNC Viewer" /><link rel="prev" href="s5-vnc-viewer.html" title="9.2. VNC Viewer" /><link rel="next" href="s1-using_ssh.html" title="9.2.3. Connecting to VNC Server Using SSH" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Conten
t/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s5-vnc-viewer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-using_ssh.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s6-connecting-vnc-viewer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">9.2.2. Connecting to VNC Server</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s5-vnc-viewer.html" title="9.2. VNC Viewer" /><link rel="prev" href="s5-vnc-viewer.html" title="9.2. VNC Viewer" /><link rel="next" href="s1-using_ssh.html" title="9.2.3. Connecting to VNC Server Using SSH" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/imag
es/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s5-vnc-viewer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-using_ssh.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s6-connecting-vnc-viewer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">9.2.2. Connecting to VNC Server</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Once the VNC server is configured, you can connect to it from any VNC viewer. In order to do so, issue the <code class="command">vncviewer</code> command in the following format: <pre class="synopsis">vncviewer <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>port_number</code></em></pre> Where <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em> is an <code class="systemitem">IP</code> or host name.
</div><div class="example" id="connecting-to-vncserver"><h6>Example 9.1. One Client Connecting to VNC Server</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
With the <code class="systemitem">IP</code> address <code class="systemitem">192.168.0.4</code> and display number <span class="emphasis"><em>3</em></span> the command looks as follows:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s9-additional-sources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s9-additional-sources.html
index a1ebf78..580db19 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s9-additional-sources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s9-additional-sources.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-TigerVNC.html" title="Chapter 9. TigerVNC" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-using_ssh.html" title="9.2.3. Connecting to VNC Server Using SSH" /><link rel="next" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Co
ntent/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-using_ssh.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="part-Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s9-additional-sources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">9.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-TigerVNC.html" title="Chapter 9. TigerVNC" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-using_ssh.html" title="9.2.3. Connecting to VNC Server Using SSH" /><link rel="next" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part IV. Servers" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/
images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-using_ssh.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="part-Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s9-additional-sources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">9.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
For more information about TigerVNC, see the resources listed below.
</div><h3 id="brid-TigerVNC-Resources-Installed">Installed Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">vncserver(1)</code> — The <acronym class="acronym">VNC</acronym> server manual pages.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html
index b510b92..1f4d580 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html" title="13.3.2. Starting Printer Setup" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html" title="13.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class
="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Adding_Other_Printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263495818416" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="13.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html" title="13.3.2. Starting Printer Setup" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html" title="13.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="righ
t" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Adding_Other_Printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225455407760" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Follow this procedure to add a local printer connected with other than a serial port:
</div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_Other_Printer"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Open the <code class="systemitem">Add a New Printer</code> dialog (refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html">Section 13.3.2, “Starting Printer Setup”</a>).
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Adding_a_new_Entry.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Adding_a_new_Entry.html
index b78ecd8..2ef8274 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Adding_a_new_Entry.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Adding_a_new_Entry.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html" title="21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html" title="21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu.html" title="21.5.4. Creating a Custom Menu" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Prod
uct Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Adding_a_new_Entry"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">21.5.3. Adding a new Entry</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html" title="21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html" title="21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu.html" title="21.5.4. Creating a Custom Menu" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Si
te" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Adding_a_new_Entry"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">21.5.3. Adding a new Entry</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
When executing the <code class="command">grub2-mkconfig</code> command, GRUB 2 searches for Linux kernels and other operating systems based on the files located in the <code class="filename">/etc/grub.d/</code> directory. The <code class="filename">/etc/grub.d/10_linux</code> script searches for installed Linux kernels on the same partition. The <code class="filename">/etc/grub.d/30_os-prober</code> script searches for other operating systems. Menu entries are also automatically added to the boot menu when updating the kernel.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">40_custom</code> file located in the <code class="filename">/etc/grub.d/</code> directory is a template for custom entries and looks as follows:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Additional_Resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Additional_Resources.html
index d1fe639..dfb74ca 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Additional_Resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Additional_Resources.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DNF.html" title="Chapter 6. DNF" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html" title="6.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository" /><link rel="next" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part III. Infrastructure Services" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href
="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Additional_Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263486851616" class="indexterm"></a><h3 id="bh-DNF-Resources-Installed">Installed Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DNF.html" title="Chapter 6. DNF" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html" title="6.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository" /><link rel="next" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part III. Infrastructure Services" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http
://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Additional_Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225477014432" class="indexterm"></a><h3 id="bh-DNF-Resources-Installed">Installed Documentation</h3><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">dnf(8)</code> — The DNF command reference manual page.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">dnf.conf(8)</code> — DNF Configuration Reference manual page.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode.html
index 0238742..ab3581d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html" title="21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html" title="21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password.html" title="21.9.3. Changing and Resetting the Root Password" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Commo
n_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">21.9.2. Booting to Emergency Mode</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html" title="21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html" title="21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password.html" title="21.9.3. Changing and Resetting the Root Password" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Cont
ent/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">21.9.2. Booting to Emergency Mode</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Emergency mode provides the most minimal environment possible and allows you to repair your system even in situations when the system is unable to enter rescue mode. In emergency mode, the system mounts the <code class="systemitem">root</code> file system only for reading, does not attempt to mount any other local file systems, does not activate network interfaces, and only starts few essential services. In Fedora, emergency mode requires the <code class="systemitem">root</code> password.
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
To enter emergency mode, on the GRUB 2 boot screen, press the <span class="keycap"><strong>e</strong></span> key for edit.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password.html
index 5103966..178f84b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html" title="21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode.html" title="21.9.2. Booting to Emergency Mode" /><link rel="next" href="sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot.html" title="21.10. UEFI Secure Boot" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a cl
ass="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">21.9.3. Changing and Resetting the Root Password</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Terminal_Menu_Editing_During_Boot.html" title="21.9. Terminal Menu Editing During Boot" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode.html" title="21.9.2. Booting to Emergency Mode" /><link rel="next" href="sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot.html" title="21.10. UEFI Secure Boot" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="r
ight" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Booting_to_Emergency_Mode.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-UEFI_Secure_Boot.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Changing_and_Resetting_the_Root_Password"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">21.9.3. Changing and Resetting the Root Password</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Setting up the <code class="systemitem">root</code> password is a mandatory part of the Fedora installation. If you forget or lose the <code class="systemitem">root</code> password it is possible to reset it, however users who are members of the wheel group can change the <code class="systemitem">root</code> password as follows:
<pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">sudo passwd root</code></pre>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html
index 7e443a5..aef30f2 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DNF.html" title="Chapter 6. DNF" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-DNF-Transaction_History.html" title="6.2.6. Working with Transaction History" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html" title="6.3.2. Setting [repository] Options" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs
.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-DNF-Transaction_History.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.3. Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263494189232" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263494187824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DNF.html" title="Chapter 6. DNF" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-DNF-Transaction_History.html" title="6.2.6. Working with Transaction History" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html" title="6.3.2. Setting [repository] Options" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedor
aproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-DNF-Transaction_History.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.3. Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225452633984" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225452632576" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The configuration file for DNF and related utilities is located at <code class="filename">/etc/dnf/dnf.conf</code>. This file contains one mandatory <code class="literal">[main]</code> section, which allows you to set DNF options that have global effect, and may also contain one or more <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> sections, which allow you to set repository-specific options. However, it is recommended to define individual repositories in new or existing <code class="filename">.repo</code> files in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.repos.d/</code> directory. The values you define in individual <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> sections of the <code class="filename">/etc/dnf/dnf.conf</code> file override values set in the <code class="literal">[main]</code> section.
</div><div class="para">
This section shows you how to:
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
add, enable, and disable DNF repositories on the command line; and,
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
set up your own custom DNF repository.
- </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_main_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.3.1. Setting [main] Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263494168288" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_main_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.3.1. Setting [main] Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225466370544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/dnf/dnf.conf</code> configuration file contains exactly one <code class="literal">[main]</code> section, and while some of the key-value pairs in this section affect how <code class="command">dnf</code> operates, others affect how DNF treats repositories. You can add many additional options under the <code class="literal">[main]</code> section heading in <code class="filename">/etc/dnf/dnf.conf</code>.
</div><div class="para">
A sample <code class="filename">/etc/dnf/dnf.conf</code> configuration file can look like this:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html
index 158f1d6..4bd1ae1 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html" title="21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.
org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html" title="21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><
img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
Changes to the GRUB 2 menu can be made temporarily at boot time, made persistent for a single system while the system is running, or as part of making a new GRUB 2 configuration file.
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To make non-persistent changes to the GRUB 2 menu, see <a class="xref" href="sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html">Section 21.3, “Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu”</a>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options.html
index 6a030b6..1a53a18 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Synchronize_to_PTP_or_NTP_Time_Using_timemaster.html" title="16.9. Synchronize to PTP or NTP Time Using timemaster" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Understanding_the_timemaster_Configuration_File.html" title="16.9.2. Understanding the timemaster Configuration File" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Improving_Accuracy.html" title="16.10. Improving Accuracy" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><i
mg src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Understanding_the_timemaster_Configuration_File.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Improving_Accuracy.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">16.9.3. Configuring timemaster Options</h3></div></div></div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Editing_the_timemaster_Configuration_File"><h6>Procedure 16.1. Editing the timemaster Configuration File</h6><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Synchronize_to_PTP_or_NTP_Time_Using_timemaster.html" title="16.9. Synchronize to PTP or NTP Time Using timemaster" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Understanding_the_timemaster_Configuration_File.html" title="16.9.2. Understanding the timemaster Configuration File" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Improving_Accuracy.html" title="16.10. Improving Accuracy" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src
="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Understanding_the_timemaster_Configuration_File.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Improving_Accuracy.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">16.9.3. Configuring timemaster Options</h3></div></div></div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Editing_the_timemaster_Configuration_File"><h6>Procedure 16.1. Editing the timemaster Configuration File</h6><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
To change the default configuration, open the <code class="filename">/etc/timemaster.conf</code> file for editing as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
<pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">vi /etc/timemaster.conf</code></pre>
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys.html
index d2b279e..dd0f86c 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html" title="8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Support_for_OpenSSH_Certificates.html" title="8.3.2. Support for SSH Certificates" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys.html" title="8.3.4. Distributing and Trusting SSH CA Public Keys" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org">
<img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Support_for_OpenSSH_Certificates.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.3.3. Creating SSH CA Certificate Signing Keys</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html" title="8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Support_for_OpenSSH_Certificates.html" title="8.3.2. Support for SSH Certificates" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys.html" title="8.3.4. Distributing and Trusting SSH CA Public Keys" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img s
rc="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Support_for_OpenSSH_Certificates.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.3.3. Creating SSH CA Certificate Signing Keys</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Two types of certificates are required, host certificates and user certificates. It is considered better to have two separate keys for signing the two certificates, for example <code class="literal">ca_user_key</code> and <code class="literal">ca_host_key</code>, however it is possible to use just one CA key to sign both certificates. It is also easier to follow the procedures if separate keys are used, so the examples that follow will use separate keys.
</div><div class="para">
The basic format of the command to sign user's public key to create a user certificate is as follows: <pre class="synopsis">ssh-keygen -s ca_user_key -I <em class="replaceable"><code>certificate_ID</code></em> id_rsa.pub</pre> Where <code class="option">-s</code> indicates the private key used to sign the certificate, <code class="option">-I</code> indicates an identity string, the <em class="replaceable"><code>certificate_ID</code></em>, which can be any alpha numeric value. It is stored as a zero terminated string in the certificate. The <em class="replaceable"><code>certificate_ID</code></em> is logged whenever the certificate is used for identification and it is also used when revoking a certificate. Having a long value would make logs hard to read, therefore using the host name for host certificates and the user name for user certificates is a safe choice.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html
index 9580cc4..54a84f3 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html" title="21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html" title="21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fe
doraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html" title="21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html" title="21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedorapr
oject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
GRUB 2 scripts search the user's computer and build a boot menu based on what operating systems the scripts find. To reflect the latest system boot options, the boot menu is rebuilt automatically when the kernel is updated or a new kernel is added.
</div><div class="para">
However, users may want to build a menu containing specific entries or to have the entries in a specific order. GRUB 2 allows basic customization of the boot menu to give users control of what actually appears on the screen.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-DNF-Transaction_History.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-DNF-Transaction_History.html
index 9833b74..c06d7f1 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-DNF-Transaction_History.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-DNF-Transaction_History.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="6.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Removing.html" title="6.2.5. Removing Packages" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html" title="6.3. Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a cla
ss="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Removing.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-DNF-Transaction_History"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.6. Working with Transaction History</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="6.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Removing.html" title="6.2.5. Removing Packages" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html" title="6.3. Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="ri
ght" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Removing.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Configuring_DNF_and_DNF_Repositories.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-DNF-Transaction_History"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.6. Working with Transaction History</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">dnf history</code> command allows users to review information about a timeline of DNF transactions, the dates and times on when they occurred, the number of packages affected, whether transactions succeeded or were aborted, and if the RPM database was changed between transactions. Additionally, this command can be used to undo or redo certain transactions.
</div><h4 id="bh-DNF-Transaction_History-Listing"> Listing Transactions </h4><div class="para">
To display a list of all transactions, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>, either run <code class="command">dnf history</code> with no additional arguments, or enter the following command:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html
index 71693c4..ce53e3d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 23. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 23. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html" title="23.3. Loading a Module" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a c
lass="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263490186144" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477359936" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263477357856" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 23. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 23. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html" title="23.3. Loading a Module" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="
right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225470323920" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470322000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470319920" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can display detailed information about a kernel module by running the <code class="command">modinfo <em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em></code> command.
</div><div class="note" id="note-Module_names_do_not_end_in_.ko"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Module names do not end in .ko</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When entering the name of a kernel module as an argument to one of the <span class="application"><strong>kmod</strong></span> utilities, do not append a <code class="filename">.ko</code> extension to the end of the name. Kernel module names do not have extensions; their corresponding files do.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html
index b9f60fa..1cb570e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="6.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html" title="6.2.2. Listing Packages" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Installing.html" title="6.2.4. Installing Packages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedor
aproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Installing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Displaying_Package_Information"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.3. Displaying Package Information</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263492716336" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263492714448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="6.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html" title="6.2.2. Listing Packages" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Installing.html" title="6.2.4. Installing Packages" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproje
ct.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Installing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Displaying_Package_Information"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.3. Displaying Package Information</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225454927664" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225454925776" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To display information about one or more packages, use a command as follows:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">dnf</code> <code class="option">info</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
For example, to display information about the <span class="package">abrt</span> package, type:
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ URL : https://github.com/abrt/abrt/wiki/ABRT-Project
License : GPLv2+
Description : abrt is a tool to help users to detect defects in applications and
: to create a bug report with all information needed by maintainer to fix it.
- : It uses plugin system to extend its functionality.</pre><a id="idm263492707824" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263492705904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ : It uses plugin system to extend its functionality.</pre><a id="idm225498828736" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225498826816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">dnf info <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em></code> command is similar to the <code class="command">rpm -q --info <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em></code> command, but provides as additional information the name of the DNF repository the RPM package was installed from (look for the <code class="computeroutput">From repo:</code> line in the output). The <code class="command">dnf info</code> command shows only the newest available package if there is a newer version available than the one installed. The <code class="command">dnf repoquery</code> command can show <span class="bold bold"><strong>all</strong></span> installed and available packages.
</div><div class="para">
To display information about all available packages, both installed and available from a repository, use a command as follows:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys.html
index cfe5b9e..ebb9ca2 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html" title="8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys.html" title="8.3.3. Creating SSH CA Certificate Signing Keys" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Signing_SSH_Certificates.html" title="8.3.5. Creating SSH Certificates" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Co
ntent/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Signing_SSH_Certificates.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.3.4. Distributing and Trusting SSH CA Public Keys</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Using_OpenSSH_Certificate_Authentication.html" title="8.3. Using OpenSSH Certificate Authentication" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys.html" title="8.3.3. Creating SSH CA Certificate Signing Keys" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Signing_SSH_Certificates.html" title="8.3.5. Creating SSH Certificates" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/
images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Creating_SSH_CA_Certificate_Signing-Keys.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Signing_SSH_Certificates.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Distributing_and_Trusting_SSH_CA_Public_Keys"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">8.3.4. Distributing and Trusting SSH CA Public Keys</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Hosts that are to allow certificate authenticated log in from users must be configured to trust the CA's public key that was used to sign the user certificates, in order to authenticate user's certificates. In this example that is the <code class="literal">ca_user_key.pub</code>.
</div><div class="para">
Publish the <code class="literal">ca_user_key.pub</code> key and download it to all hosts that are required to allow remote users to log in. Alternately, copy the CA user public key to all the hosts. In a production environment, consider copying the public key to an administrator account first. The secure copy command can be used to copy the public key to remote hosts. The command has the following format: <pre class="synopsis">scp ~/.ssh/ca_user_key.pub root@<em class="replaceable"><code>host_name</code></em>.example.com:/etc/ssh/</pre> Where <em class="replaceable"><code>host_name</code></em> is the host name of a server the is required to authenticate user's certificates presented during the login process. Ensure you copy the public key not the private key. For example, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html
index ff84a05..a91bcbd 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html" title="21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html" title="21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Adding_a_new_Entry.html" title="21.5.3. Adding a new Entry" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/im
ages/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Adding_a_new_Entry.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html" title="21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html" title="21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Adding_a_new_Entry.html" title="21.5.3. Adding a new Entry" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/i
mage_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Adding_a_new_Entry.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Editing_a_Menu_Entry"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">21.5.2. Editing a Menu Entry</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
If required to prepare a new GRUB 2 file with different parameters, edit the values of the <code class="systemitem">GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX</code> key in the <code class="filename">/etc/default/grub</code> file. Note that you can specify multiple parameters for the <code class="systemitem">GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX</code> key. For example: <pre class="synopsis">GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600n8"</pre> Where <code class="option">console=tty0</code> is the first virtual terminal and <code class="option">console=ttyS0</code> is the serial terminal to be used.
</div><div class="para">
Changes to <code class="filename">/etc/default/grub</code> require rebuilding the <code class="filename">grub.cfg</code> file as follows:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html
index b7425c0..de2ca1d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu.html" title="21.5.4. Creating a Custom Menu" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Password_Encryption.html" title="21.6.2. Password Encryption" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site
" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Password_Encryption.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu.html" title="21.5.4. Creating a Custom Menu" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Password_Encryption.html" title="21.6.2. Password Encryption" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></
a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Using_only_a_Custom_Menu.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Password_Encryption.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
GRUB 2 supports both plain-text and encrypted passwords in the GRUB 2 template files. To enable the use of passwords, specify a superuser who can reach the protected entries. Other users can be specified to access these entries as well. Menu entries can be password-protected for booting by adding one or more users to the menu entry as described in <a class="xref" href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html#sec-Setting_Up_Users_and_Password_Protection_Specifying_Menu_Entries">Section 21.6.1, “Setting Up Users and Password Protection, Specifying Menu Entries”</a>. To use encrypted passwords, see <a class="xref" href="sec-Password_Encryption.html">Section 21.6.2, “Password Encryption”</a>.
</div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Warning</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If you do not use the correct format for the menu, or modify the configuration in an incorrect way, you might be unable to boot your system.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console.html
index b463812..eff5c38 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Resetting_and_Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html" title="21.7.3. Resetting and Reinstalling GRUB 2" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Using_screen_to_Connect_to_the_Serial_Console.html" title="21.8.2. Using screen to Connect to the Serial Console" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraprojec
t.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Resetting_and_Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Using_screen_to_Connect_to_the_Serial_Console.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">21.8. GRUB 2 over a Serial Console</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Resetting_and_Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html" title="21.7.3. Resetting and Reinstalling GRUB 2" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Using_screen_to_Connect_to_the_Serial_Console.html" title="21.8.2. Using screen to Connect to the Serial Console" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"
><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Resetting_and_Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Using_screen_to_Connect_to_the_Serial_Console.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-GRUB_2_over_a_Serial_Console"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">21.8. GRUB 2 over a Serial Console</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
If you use computers with no display or keyboard, it can be very useful to control the machines through serial communications.
</div><div class="section" id="sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Menu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">21.8.1. Configuring the GRUB 2 Menu</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To set the system to use a serial terminal only during a single boot process, when the GRUB 2 boot menu appears, move the cursor to the kernel you want to start, and press the <span class="keycap"><strong>e</strong></span> key to edit the kernel parameters. Remove the <code class="literal">rhgb</code> and <code class="literal">quit</code> parameters and add console parameters at the end of the <code class="literal">linux16</code> line as follows:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Improving_Accuracy.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Improving_Accuracy.html
index 9ddbacf..2a256d6 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Improving_Accuracy.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Improving_Accuracy.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html" title="Chapter 16. Configuring PTP Using ptp4l" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options.html" title="16.9.3. Configuring timemaster Options" /><link rel="next" href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html" title="16.11. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product S
ite" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Improving_Accuracy"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">16.10. Improving Accuracy</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html" title="Chapter 16. Configuring PTP Using ptp4l" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options.html" title="16.9.3. Configuring timemaster Options" /><link rel="next" href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html" title="16.11. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /
></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Configuring_timemaster_Options.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Improving_Accuracy"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">16.10. Improving Accuracy</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
Previously, test results indicated that disabling the tickless kernel capability could significantly improve the stability of the system clock, and thus improve the <code class="systemitem">PTP</code> synchronization accuracy (at the cost of increased power consumption). The kernel tickless mode can be disabled by adding <code class="option">nohz=off</code> to the kernel boot option parameters. However, recent improvements applied to <code class="filename">kernel-3.10.0-197.fc21</code> have greatly improved the stability of the system clock and the difference in stability of the clock with and without <code class="option">nohz=off</code> should be much smaller now for most users.
</div><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>ptp4l</strong></span> and <span class="application"><strong>phc2sys</strong></span> applications can be configured to use a new adaptive servo. The advantage over the PI servo is that it does not require configuration of the PI constants to perform well. To make use of this for <span class="application"><strong>ptp4l</strong></span>, add the following line to the <code class="filename">/etc/ptp4l.conf</code> file: <pre class="synopsis">clock_servo linreg</pre> After making changes to <code class="filename">/etc/ptp4l.conf</code>, restart the <span class="application"><strong>ptp4l</strong></span> service from the command line by issuing the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Installing.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Installing.html
index d808950..9d1aa7b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Installing.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Installing.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="6.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html" title="6.2.3. Displaying Package Information" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Removing.html" title="6.2.5. Removing Packages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right"
href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Removing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Installing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.4. Installing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263492691648" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263486222528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="6.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html" title="6.2.3. Displaying Package Information" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Removing.html" title="6.2.5. Removing Packages" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href=
"http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Removing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Installing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.4. Installing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225456023888" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225460346368" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
DNF allows you to install both a single package and multiple packages, as well as a package group of your choice.
</div><h4 id="bh-Installing_Individual_packages"> Installing Individual Packages </h4><div class="para">
To install a single package and all of its non-installed dependencies, enter a command in the following form:
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Using metadata from Thu Apr 16 13:41:45 2015 (4:23:50 hours old)
bind-32:9.10.2-1.fc22.x86_64 : The Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) DNS (Domain Name System) server
Repo : @System</pre><div class="para">
<code class="command">dnf provides "*/<em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em>"</code> will find all the packages that contain <em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em>.
- </div></div></div><h4 id="bh-Installing_a_Package_Group"> Installing a Package Group </h4><a id="idm263486199536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263486198128" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><h4 id="bh-Installing_a_Package_Group"> Installing a Package Group </h4><a id="idm225442708480" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225442707072" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A package group is similar to a package: it is not useful by itself, but installing one pulls a group of dependent packages that serve a common purpose. A package group has a name and a <em class="firstterm">groupid</em> (<acronym class="acronym">GID</acronym>). The <code class="command">dnf group list -v</code> command lists the names of all package groups, and, next to each of them, their groupid in parentheses. The groupid is always the term in the last pair of parentheses, such as <code class="literal">kde-desktop-environment</code> in the following example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf -v group list kde\*</code>
cachedir: /var/cache/dnf/x86_64/22
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Installing_PTP.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Installing_PTP.html
index 4097aab..e8b7c9d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Installing_PTP.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Installing_PTP.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Using_PTP.html" title="16.2. Using PTP" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Using_PTP.html" title="16.2. Using PTP" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Starting_ptp4l.html" title="16.2.3. Starting ptp4l" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/imag
e_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Using_PTP.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Starting_ptp4l.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_PTP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">16.2.2. Installing PTP</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Using_PTP.html" title="16.2. Using PTP" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Using_PTP.html" title="16.2. Using PTP" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Starting_ptp4l.html" title="16.2.3. Starting ptp4l" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_righ
t.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Using_PTP.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Starting_ptp4l.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_PTP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">16.2.2. Installing PTP</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The kernel in Fedora includes support for <code class="systemitem">PTP</code>. User space support is provided by the tools in the <span class="application"><strong>linuxptp</strong></span> package. To install <span class="application"><strong>linuxptp</strong></span>, issue the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
<pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf install linuxptp</code></pre>
This will install <span class="application"><strong>ptp4l</strong></span> and <span class="application"><strong>phc2sys</strong></span>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Listing_Packages.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Listing_Packages.html
index 508b2f3..e6f5e9f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Listing_Packages.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Listing_Packages.html
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="6.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="6.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html" title="6.2.3. Displaying Package Information" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product S
ite" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Listing_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.2. Listing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263481950688" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263481948800" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="6.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="6.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html" title="6.2.3. Displaying Package Information" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /
></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Listing_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.2. Listing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225468255824" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225463062752" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="command">dnf list</code> and related commands provide information about packages, package groups, and repositories.
</div><div class="para">
All of DNF's list commands allow you to filter the results by appending one or more <em class="firstterm">glob expressions</em> as arguments. Glob expressions are normal strings of characters which contain one or more of the wildcard characters <code class="command">*</code> (which expands to match any character multiple times) and <code class="command">?</code> (which expands to match any one character).
- </div><div class="note" id="note-Tip-Filtering_Results_with_Glob_Expressions"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Filtering results with glob expressions</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="idm263481943056" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263481941168" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="note" id="note-Tip-Filtering_Results_with_Glob_Expressions"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Filtering results with glob expressions</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="idm225463057008" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225468000688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Be careful to escape the glob expressions when passing them as arguments to a <code class="command">dnf</code> command, otherwise the Bash shell will interpret these expressions as <em class="firstterm">pathname expansions</em>, and potentially pass all files in the current directory that match the globs to DNF. To make sure the glob expressions are passed to DNF as intended, either:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
escape the wildcard characters by preceding them with a backslash character; or,
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ abrt-addon-vmcore.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System
abrt-addon-xorg.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System
abrt-plugin-bodhi.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System
Available Packages
-abrt-addon-upload-watch.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 fedora</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263481922864" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="idm263481920976" class="indexterm"></a>
+abrt-addon-upload-watch.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 fedora</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225501495584" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225501493696" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">dnf list all</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists all installed <span class="emphasis"><em>and</em></span> available packages.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_all_installed_and_available_packages"><h6>Example 6.2. Listing all installed and available packages</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf list all</code>
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ PackageKit.x86_64 1.0.6-4.fc22 @System
PackageKit-glib.x86_64 1.0.6-4.fc22 @System
aajohan-comfortaa-fonts.noarch 2.004-4.fc22 @System
abrt.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System
-<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263481913360" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="idm263481911472" class="indexterm"></a>
+<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225469397824" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225476143296" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">dnf list installed</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists all packages installed on your system. The rightmost column in the output lists the repository from which the package was retrieved.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_installed_packages_using_a_double-quoted_glob_expression"><h6>Example 6.3. Listing installed packages using a double-quoted glob expression</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ abrt.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System
Last metadata expiration check performed 0:34:45 ago on Mon May 25 23:38:13 2015.
Installed Packages
krb5-libs.x86_64 1.13.1-3.fc22 @System
-krb5-workstation.x86_64 1.13.1-3.fc22 @System</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263481903408" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="idm263481901520" class="indexterm"></a>
+krb5-workstation.x86_64 1.13.1-3.fc22 @System</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225459458448" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225459456560" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">dnf list available</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists all available packages in all enabled repositories.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_available_packages_using_a_single_glob_expression_with_escaped_wildcards"><h6>Example 6.4. Listing available packages using a single glob expression with escaped wildcard characters</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ gstreamer-plugins-bad-free.i686 0.10.23-24.fc22 fedora
gstreamer-plugins-bad-free.x86_64 0.10.23-24.fc22 fedora
gstreamer-plugins-bad-free-devel.i686 0.10.23-24.fc22 fedora
gstreamer-plugins-bad-free-devel.x86_64 0.10.23-24.fc22 fedora
- <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263492745952" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="idm263492744064" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225430544688" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225430542800" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">dnf group list</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists all package groups.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_all_package_groups"><h6>Example 6.5. Listing all package groups</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf group list</code>
@@ -97,16 +97,16 @@ Installed Groups:
Dial-up Networking Support
Fonts
GNOME Desktop Environment
-<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263492737248" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="idm263492735360" class="indexterm"></a>
+<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225499416320" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225460449744" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">dnf repolist</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists the repository ID, name, and number of packages it provides for each <span class="emphasis"><em>enabled</em></span> repository.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_enabled_repositories"><h6>Example 6.6. Listing enabled repositories</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf repolist</code>
Last metadata expiration check performed 0:48:29 ago on Mon May 25 23:38:13 2015.
repo id repo name status
*fedora Fedora 22 - x86_64 44,762
-*updates Fedora 22 - x86_64 - Updates 0</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm263492728272" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="idm263492726384" class="indexterm"></a>
+*updates Fedora 22 - x86_64 - Updates 0</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="idm225460442656" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="idm225471112128" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">dnf repository-packages <em class="replaceable"><code>repo_id</code></em> list</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists the packages from the specified repository.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_packages_from_a_single_repositories"><h6>Example 6.7. Listing packages from a single repository</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">dnf repository-packages fedora list [<code class="option">option</code>]</code>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Loading_a_Module.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Loading_a_Module.html
index f68983a..ce73b6b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Loading_a_Module.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Loading_a_Module.html
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 23. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html" title="23.2. Displaying Information About a Module" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html" title="23.4. Unloading a Module" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Produc
t Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Loading_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.3. Loading a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263478104192" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478102272" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478100192" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 23. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html" title="23.2. Displaying Information About a Module" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html" title="23.4. Unloading a Module" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site
" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Loading_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.3. Loading a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225431414080" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225430794032" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225430791952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To load a kernel module, run <code class="command">modprobe <em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em></code> as <code class="systemitem">root</code>. For example, to load the <code class="systemitem">wacom</code> module, run:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">modprobe wacom</code>
-</pre><a id="idm263478095072" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre><a id="idm225430786832" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, <code class="command">modprobe</code> attempts to load the module from <code class="filename">/lib/modules/<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>/kernel/drivers/</code>. In this directory, each type of module has its own subdirectory, such as <code class="filename">net/</code> and <code class="filename">scsi/</code>, for network and SCSI interface drivers respectively.
</div><div class="para">
Some modules have dependencies, which are other kernel modules that must be loaded before the module in question can be loaded. The <code class="command">modprobe</code> command always takes dependencies into account when performing operations. When you ask <code class="command">modprobe</code> to load a specific kernel module, it first examines the dependencies of that module, if there are any, and loads them if they are not already loaded into the kernel. <code class="command">modprobe</code> resolves dependencies recursively: it will load all dependencies of dependencies, and so on, if necessary, thus ensuring that all dependencies are always met.
@@ -23,6 +23,6 @@ insmod /lib/modules/3.17.4-302.fc21.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/libfc/libfc.ko.xz
insmod /lib/modules/3.17.4-302.fc21.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/fcoe/libfcoe.ko.xz
insmod /lib/modules/3.17.4-302.fc21.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe.ko.xz</pre><div class="para">
In this example, you can see that <code class="command">modprobe</code> loaded the <code class="systemitem">scsi_tgt</code>, <code class="systemitem">scsi_transport_fc</code>, <code class="systemitem">libfc</code> and <code class="systemitem">libfcoe</code> modules as dependencies before finally loading <code class="systemitem">fcoe</code>. Also note that <code class="command">modprobe</code> used the more primitive <code class="command">insmod</code> command to insert the modules into the running kernel.
- </div></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="idm263496638784" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263496636704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important" id="important-Always_use_modprobe_instead_of_insmod"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Always use modprobe instead of insmod!</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="idm225451734848" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225451732768" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important" id="important-Always_use_modprobe_instead_of_insmod"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Always use modprobe instead of insmod!</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although the <code class="command">insmod</code> command can also be used to load kernel modules, it does not resolve dependencies. Because of this, you should <span class="emphasis"><em>always</em></span> load modules using <code class="command">modprobe</code> instead.
</div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html"><strong>Prev</strong>23.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html"><strong>Next</strong>23.4. Unloading a Module</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html
index f887f07..cc60cb7 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html" title="21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html" title="21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedorapr
oject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html" title="21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html" title="21.5. Customizing the GRUB 2 Configuration File" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.
org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Customizing_the_GRUB_2_Configuration_File.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">grubby</code> tool can be used to read information from, and make persistent changes to, the <code class="filename">grub.cfg</code> file. It enables, for example, changing GRUB menu entries to specify what arguments to pass to a kernel on system start and changing the default kernel.
</div><div class="para">
In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, if <code class="command">grubby</code> is invoked manually without specifying a GRUB configuration file, it defaults to searching for <code class="filename">/etc/grub2.cfg</code>, which is a symbolic link to the <code class="filename">grub.cfg</code> file, whose location is architecture dependent. If that file cannot be found it will search for an architecture dependent default.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html
index fb6d07c..6e6b127 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html" title="21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class=
"left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu</h2></div></div></div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_Kernel_Menu_Entry"><h6>Procedure 21.1. Making Temporary Changes to a Kernel Menu Entry</h6><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="21.2. Configuring the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html" title="21.4. Making Persistent Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu Using the grubby Tool" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left"
href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Configuring_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Making_Persistent_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu_Using_the_grubby_Tool.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_a_GRUB_2_Menu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">21.3. Making Temporary Changes to a GRUB 2 Menu</h2></div></div></div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Making_Temporary_Changes_to_Kernel_Menu_Entry"><h6>Procedure 21.1. Making Temporary Changes to a Kernel Menu Entry</h6><div class="para">
To change kernel parameters only during a single boot process, proceed as follows:
</div><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Start the system and, on the GRUB 2 boot screen, move the cursor to the menu entry you want to edit, and press the <span class="keycap"><strong>e</strong></span> key for edit.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html
index 3c44d15..9587ab0 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DNF.html" title="Chapter 6. DNF" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html" title="6.4. Viewing the Current Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html" title="6.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedora
project.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263486880240" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DNF.html" title="Chapter 6. DNF" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html" title="6.4. Viewing the Current Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html" title="6.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraprojec
t.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225474392992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html">Section 6.3.2, “Setting [repository] Options”</a> describes various options you can use to define a DNF repository. This section explains how to add, enable, and disable a repository by using the <code class="command">dnf config-manager</code> command.
</div><h3 id="bh-Managing_DNF_Repositories-Adding"> Adding a DNF Repository </h3><div class="para">
To define a new repository, you can either add a <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> section to the <code class="filename">/etc/dnf/dnf.conf</code> file, or to a <code class="filename">.repo</code> file in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.repos.d/</code> directory. All files with the <code class="filename">.repo</code> file extension in this directory are read by DNF, and it is recommended to define your repositories here instead of in <code class="filename">/etc/dnf/dnf.conf</code>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-PTP_additional_resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-PTP_additional_resources.html
index 79e3b9b..aa99dae 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-PTP_additional_resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-PTP_additional_resources.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html" title="Chapter 16. Configuring PTP Using ptp4l" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Improving_Accuracy.html" title="16.10. Improving Accuracy" /><link rel="next" href="sec-PTP_useful-websites.html" title="16.11.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href=
"http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Improving_Accuracy.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-PTP_useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-PTP_additional_resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">16.11. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_PTP_Using_ptp4l.html" title="Chapter 16. Configuring PTP Using ptp4l" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Improving_Accuracy.html" title="16.10. Improving Accuracy" /><link rel="next" href="sec-PTP_useful-websites.html" title="16.11.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http:
//docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Improving_Accuracy.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-PTP_useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-PTP_additional_resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">16.11. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following sources of information provide additional resources regarding <code class="systemitem">PTP</code> and the <span class="application"><strong>ptp4l</strong></span> tools.
</div><div class="section" id="sec-PTP-docs-inst"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">16.11.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">ptp4l(8)</code> man page — Describes <span class="application"><strong>ptp4l</strong></span> options including the format of the configuration file.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-PTP_useful-websites.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-PTP_useful-websites.html
index 887b996..2b48009 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-PTP_useful-websites.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-PTP_useful-websites.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html" title="16.11. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html" title="16.11. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part V. Monitoring and Automation" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="ri
ght" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-PTP_useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">16.11.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html" title="16.11. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html" title="16.11. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part V. Monitoring and Automation" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" h
ref="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-PTP_additional_resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-PTP_useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">16.11.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://linuxptp.sourceforge.net/">http://linuxptp.sourceforge.net/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The Linux PTP project.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://www.nist.gov/el/isd/ieee/ieee1588.cfm">http://www.nist.gov/el/isd/ieee/ieee1588.cfm</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html
index 9ac3553..9f9edbb 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DNF.html" title="Chapter 6. DNF" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-DNF.html" title="Chapter 6. DNF" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html" title="6.2.2. Listing Packages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png
" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-DNF.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.2. Packages and Package Groups</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263487244112" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487242704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="sec-Searching_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.1. Searching Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm263487240240" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263487238352" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DNF.html" title="Chapter 6. DNF" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-DNF.html" title="Chapter 6. DNF" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html" title="6.2.2. Listing Packages" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt=
"Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-DNF.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">6.2. Packages and Package Groups</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225474363536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225474362128" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="sec-Searching_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">6.2.1. Searching Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="idm225474359664" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225474357776" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can search all <acronym class="acronym">RPM</acronym> package names and summaries by using the following command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">dnf</code> <code class="option">search</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>term</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
Add the <code class="option">all</code> to match against descriptions and URLs.
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ python-meld3.x86_64 : HTML/XML templating system for Python
============================= N/S Matched: kompare =============================
komparator.x86_64 : Kompare and merge two folders
- Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.</pre><a id="idm263481955680" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263481953792" class="indexterm"></a></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-DNF.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Chapter 6. DNF</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html"><strong>Next</strong>6.2.2. Listing Packages</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+ Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.</pre><a id="idm225468260816" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225468258928" class="indexterm"></a></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-DNF.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Chapter 6. DNF</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html"><strong>Next</strong>6.2.2. Listing Packages</a></li></ul></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Password_Encryption.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Password_Encryption.html
index ce089a4..dbd9ea9 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Password_Encryption.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Password_Encryption.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html" title="21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html" title="21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html" title="21.7. Reinstalling GRUB 2" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="righ
t" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Password_Encryption"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">21.6.2. Password Encryption</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html" title="21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html" title="21.6. GRUB 2 Password Protection" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html" title="21.7. Reinstalling GRUB 2" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" hre
f="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-GRUB_2_Password_Protection.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Password_Encryption"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">21.6.2. Password Encryption</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
By default, passwords are saved in plain text in GRUB 2 scripts. Although the files cannot be accessed on boot without the correct password, security can be improved by encrypting the password using the <code class="command">grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2</code> command. This command converts a desired password into a long hash, which is placed in the GRUB 2 scripts instead of the plain-text password.
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
To generate an encrypted password, run the <code class="command">grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2</code> command on the command line as <code class="systemitem">root</code>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html
index 4022689..c2d1824 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 23. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html" title="23.5. Setting Module Parameters" /><link rel="next" href="sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot.html" title="23.7. Signing Kernel Modules for Secure Boot" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left
.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.6. Persistent Module Loading</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263472751040" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263472749120" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 23. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html" title="23.5. Setting Module Parameters" /><link rel="next" href="sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot.html" title="23.7. Signing Kernel Modules for Secure Boot" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png"
alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">23.6. Persistent Module Loading</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225498470128" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225498468208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
As shown in <a class="xref" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html#ex-Listing_information_about_a_kernel_module_with_lsmod">Example 23.1, “Listing information about a kernel module with lsmod”</a>, many kernel modules are loaded automatically at boot time. You can specify additional modules to be loaded by the <code class="systemitem">systemd-modules-load.service</code> daemon by creating a <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>program</code></em>.conf</code> file in the <code class="filename">/etc/modules-load.d/</code> directory, where <em class="replaceable"><code>program</code></em> is any descriptive name of your choice. The files in <code class="filename">/etc/modules-load.d/</code> are text files that list the modules to be loaded, one per line.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-A_Text_File_to_Load_a_Module"><h6>Example 23.6. A Text File to Load a Module</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
To create a file to load the <code class="filename">virtio-net.ko</code> module, create a file <code class="filename">/etc/modules-load.d/virtio-net.conf</code> with the following content:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Printer_Configuration.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Printer_Configuration.html
index b2cd01b..724a997 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Printer_Configuration.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Printer_Configuration.html
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html" title="Chapter 13. File and Print Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ftp-resources.html" title="13.2.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html" title="13.3.2. Starting Printer Setup" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://doc
s.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ftp-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="sec-Printer_Configuration" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">13.3. Printer Configuration</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm263473609296" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm263478024512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html" title="Chapter 13. File and Print Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ftp-resources.html" title="13.2.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html" title="13.3.2. Starting Printer Setup" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedo
raproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ftp-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="sec-Printer_Configuration" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">13.3. Printer Configuration</h2></div></div></div><a id="idm225445269104" class="indexterm"></a><a id="idm225470468560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Printers</strong></span> configuration tool serves for printer configuring, maintenance of printer configuration files, print spool directories and print filters, and printer classes management.
</div><div class="para">
The tool is based on the Common Unix Printing System (<acronym class="acronym">CUPS</acronym>). If you upgraded the system from a previous Fedora version that used CUPS, the upgrade process preserved the configured printers.
- </div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the CUPS web application or command-line tools</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="idm263478927696" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the CUPS web application or command-line tools</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="idm225441220352" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can perform the same and additional operations on printers directly from the CUPS web application or command line. To access the application, in a web browser, go to <a href="http://localhost:631/">http://localhost:631/</a>. For CUPS manuals refer to the links on the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Home</strong></span> tab of the web site.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Starting_Printer_Config"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title">13.3.1. Starting the Printers Configuration Tool</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
With the <span class="application"><strong>Printers</strong></span> configuration tool you can perform various operations on existing printers and set up new printers. You can also use CUPS directly (go to <a href="http://localhost:631/">http://localhost:631/</a> to access the CUPS web application).
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html
index 083128f..8ffe2c5 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora/24/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
addID('Fedora.24.books');
addID('Fedora.24.System_Administrators_Guide');
- </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Password_Encryption.html" title="21.6.2. Password Encryption" /><link rel="next" href="sec-grub2-reinstall_on_UEFI-Based_Machines.html" title="21.7.2. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on UEFI-Based Machines" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images
/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Password_Encryption.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-grub2-reinstall_on_UEFI-Based_Machines.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">21.7. Reinstalling GRUB 2</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><meta name="keywords" content="fileserver, package management, dnf, repository, user management, ssh, vnc, systemd, service, httpd, apache, postfix, locale, daemon, samba, CIFS, ftp, vsftpd, printing, cups, ntp, chrony" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="System Administrator's Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_the_GRUB_2_Boot_Loader.html" title="Chapter 21. Working with the GRUB 2 Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Password_Encryption.html" title="21.6.2. Password Encryption" /><link rel="next" href="sec-grub2-reinstall_on_UEFI-Based_Machines.html" title="21.7.2. Reinstalling GRUB 2 on UEFI-Based Machines" /></head><body class="toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image
_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Password_Encryption.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-grub2-reinstall_on_UEFI-Based_Machines.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Reinstalling_GRUB_2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title">21.7. Reinstalling GRUB 2</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
Reinstalling GRUB 2 is a convenient way to fix certain problems usually caused by an incorrect installation of GRUB 2, missing files, or a broken system. Other reasons to reinstall GRUB 2 include the following:
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