[SSSD] should ad-gpo support additional logon rights?

Yassir Elley yelley at redhat.com
Fri Jul 4 05:24:48 UTC 2014



----- Original Message -----
> On Thu, Jul 03, 2014 at 01:39:38AM -0400, Yassir Elley wrote:
> > 
> > 
> > ----- Original Message -----
> > > On Wed, Jul 02, 2014 at 01:45:00AM -0400, Yassir Elley wrote:
> > > > 
> > > > 
> > > > ----- Original Message -----
> > > > > On Tue, 2014-07-01 at 01:50 -0400, Yassir Elley wrote:
> > > > > > 
> > > > > > ----- Original Message -----
> > > > > > > On Sat, 2014-06-28 at 18:01 -0400, Yassir Elley wrote:
> > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > ----- Original Message -----
> > > > > > > > > On Sat, 2014-06-28 at 01:20 -0400, Yassir Elley wrote:
> > > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > > > ----- Original Message -----
> > > > > > > > > > > On Thu, 2014-06-26 at 04:54 -0400, Yassir Elley wrote:
> > > > > > > > > > > > Hi Simo,
> > > > > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > > > > > I'd like to wrap up this discussion. I propose that we
> > > > > > > > > > > > support
> > > > > > > > > > > > only
> > > > > > > > > > > > the InteractiveLogonRight (for the pam services you
> > > > > > > > > > > > mentioned:
> > > > > > > > > > > > "login", "*dm, "su*"), and on the
> > > > > > > > > > > > RemoteInteractiveLogonRight
> > > > > > > > > > > > (for
> > > > > > > > > > > > the
> > > > > > > > > > > > "ssh" pam service). We should not support the
> > > > > > > > > > > > NetworkLogonRight
> > > > > > > > > > > > since
> > > > > > > > > > > > it is difficult to implement. Do you agree with this
> > > > > > > > > > > > proposal?
> > > > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > > > > Well I guess the answer depends on what do you plan to do
> > > > > > > > > > > for
> > > > > > > > > > > pam
> > > > > > > > > > > services that are not listed ?
> > > > > > > > > > > Do you always deny access ? Always permit ?
> > > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > > > Since we would only support the InteractiveLogonRight and
> > > > > > > > > > RemoteInteractiveLogonRight, we would always permit access
> > > > > > > > > > for
> > > > > > > > > > other
> > > > > > > > > > pam
> > > > > > > > > > services (because they would not be governed by gpo-based
> > > > > > > > > > access
> > > > > > > > > > control,
> > > > > > > > > > and this would be clearly documented).
> > > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > > > > I think a more reasonable workaround is to define a
> > > > > > > > > > > default
> > > > > > > > > > > type,
> > > > > > > > > > > and
> > > > > > > > > > > a
> > > > > > > > > > > list of mappings.
> > > > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > > > > If a PAM service is explicitly mapped you use that Right
> > > > > > > > > > > to
> > > > > > > > > > > decide,
> > > > > > > > > > > otherwise the decision falls back to the "default" Right.
> > > > > > > > > > > Actually the default right could well be actually
> > > > > > > > > > > NetworkLogonRight
> > > > > > > > > > > or
> > > > > > > > > > > InteractiveLogonRight or something else. As long as you
> > > > > > > > > > > can
> > > > > > > > > > > change
> > > > > > > > > > > the
> > > > > > > > > > > mappings locally through some configuration that would
> > > > > > > > > > > allow
> > > > > > > > > > > the
> > > > > > > > > > > admin
> > > > > > > > > > > to add mappings according to their needs. Of course
> > > > > > > > > > > strong
> > > > > > > > > > > guidance
> > > > > > > > > > > on which mappings should be used for specific type of
> > > > > > > > > > > services
> > > > > > > > > > > should
> > > > > > > > > > > be
> > > > > > > > > > > provided.
> > > > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > > > > Simo.
> > > > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > > > I would prefer an approach which is more predictable for
> > > > > > > > > > the AD
> > > > > > > > > > admin.
> > > > > > > > > > If
> > > > > > > > > > we limit ourselves to InteractiveLogonRight and
> > > > > > > > > > RemoteInteractiveLogonRight, the semantics are very clear
> > > > > > > > > > (console
> > > > > > > > > > login
> > > > > > > > > > and remote login), allowing the AD Admin to be confident
> > > > > > > > > > that
> > > > > > > > > > any
> > > > > > > > > > existing
> > > > > > > > > > or future policy files containing those rights would be
> > > > > > > > > > applied
> > > > > > > > > > correctly
> > > > > > > > > > and consistently, regardless of whether the machine is
> > > > > > > > > > running
> > > > > > > > > > Linux or
> > > > > > > > > > Windows.
> > > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > > > Also, I suspect AD admins would not like per-machine
> > > > > > > > > > service
> > > > > > > > > > mappings
> > > > > > > > > > to be
> > > > > > > > > > enforced, since that would defeat the purpose of enforcing
> > > > > > > > > > a
> > > > > > > > > > centralized
> > > > > > > > > > policy in a consistent manner. When an AD admin made a
> > > > > > > > > > change
> > > > > > > > > > to a
> > > > > > > > > > LogonRight policy setting, he would have to keep in mind
> > > > > > > > > > that
> > > > > > > > > > Linux
> > > > > > > > > > machines may use the policy settings in ways that were not
> > > > > > > > > > intended
> > > > > > > > > > by
> > > > > > > > > > the
> > > > > > > > > > AD admin. For example, it would be problematic if a local
> > > > > > > > > > admin
> > > > > > > > > > decided
> > > > > > > > > > to
> > > > > > > > > > map "login" to NetworkLogonRight, or if some local admins
> > > > > > > > > > mapped
> > > > > > > > > > "ftp"
> > > > > > > > > > to
> > > > > > > > > > some LogonRight (but other local admins stayed with the
> > > > > > > > > > default).
> > > > > > > > > > This
> > > > > > > > > > would result in inconsistent behavior between different
> > > > > > > > > > Linux
> > > > > > > > > > machines,
> > > > > > > > > > and between Linux machines and Windows machines. Indeed, in
> > > > > > > > > > the
> > > > > > > > > > Windows
> > > > > > > > > > world, the "local" per-machine GPO is given least priority
> > > > > > > > > > in
> > > > > > > > > > case
> > > > > > > > > > of
> > > > > > > > > > conflict (i.e. ou overrides domain, which overrides site,
> > > > > > > > > > which
> > > > > > > > > > overrides
> > > > > > > > > > local). A solution to this problem of consistency would be
> > > > > > > > > > to
> > > > > > > > > > have
> > > > > > > > > > a
> > > > > > > > > > centralized GPO that maps pam services to LogonRights, but
> > > > > > > > > > I
> > > > > > > > > > don't
> > > > > > > > > > think
> > > > > > > > > > we need to implement that in the first release.
> > > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > > > I think limiting ourselves to InteractiveLogonRight and
> > > > > > > > > > RemoteInteractiveLogonRight would be less confusing and
> > > > > > > > > > more
> > > > > > > > > > predictable
> > > > > > > > > > for AD admins (resulting in a greater likelihood of them
> > > > > > > > > > deploying
> > > > > > > > > > gpo-based access control). They would know that these two
> > > > > > > > > > LogonRights
> > > > > > > > > > would be enforced with the same semantics on Windows and
> > > > > > > > > > Linux
> > > > > > > > > > machines.
> > > > > > > > > > They would also know that other LogonRights would not be
> > > > > > > > > > enforced
> > > > > > > > > > on
> > > > > > > > > > Linux
> > > > > > > > > > machines. Clean and crisp.
> > > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > > > What do you think?
> > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > > You make a good argument, but I am not entirely convinced you
> > > > > > > > > can
> > > > > > > > > avoid
> > > > > > > > > a local mapping unless you provide a GPO mapping, because the
> > > > > > > > > admin
> > > > > > > > > must
> > > > > > > > > be able to adjust mappings for new services installed on the
> > > > > > > > > box
> > > > > > > > > that
> > > > > > > > > were not included in the upstream provided lists.
> > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > > So if you already need to provide a way to augment mappings,
> > > > > > > > > you
> > > > > > > > > may
> > > > > > > > > as
> > > > > > > > > well handle all rights with reasonable defaults, and let the
> > > > > > > > > admin
> > > > > > > > > decide whether they need to change stuff around.
> > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > > Simo.
> > > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > Allowing local admins to change stuff from underneath the AD
> > > > > > > > admin's
> > > > > > > > directives seems to violate the GPO philosophy of centralized,
> > > > > > > > consistent application of policy. I don't think AD admins will
> > > > > > > > find
> > > > > > > > the gpo-based access control feature compelling, if it does not
> > > > > > > > fit
> > > > > > > > with their mental model of how GPO is supposed to work.
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > Sorry but I do not buy this argument. The whole GPO policy can be
> > > > > > > turned
> > > > > > > on or off in sssd, so if admins do not control the boxes'
> > > > > > > sssd.conf
> > > > > > > file
> > > > > > > they already know their policies are, at best, advisory.
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > >  As you know, LogonRights are existing Windows policy settings
> > > > > > > >  (not
> > > > > > > > Linux-specific settings), so we really do have to honor the
> > > > > > > > intent
> > > > > > > > of
> > > > > > > > the settings and the GPO framework.
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > Indeed, and in order to do that you need to be able to
> > > > > > > appropriately
> > > > > > > map
> > > > > > > arbitrary services.
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > >  Having said that, I don't think we necessarily need to have a
> > > > > > > > comprehensive implementation in the first release, especially
> > > > > > > > if we
> > > > > > > > think the GPO mapping is the correct solution (and if we think
> > > > > > > > that
> > > > > > > > we
> > > > > > > > may implement that in a subsequent release).
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > We do not need the support as a GPO deliverable policy, but you
> > > > > > > need
> > > > > > > a
> > > > > > > local mapping for the feature to be usable/testable IMO.
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > I think the centralized mapping offered by a future GPO mapping
> > > > > > > > would
> > > > > > > > certainly allay the concerns of AD admins, as the power would
> > > > > > > > remain
> > > > > > > > in their hands and it would be applied consistently.
> > > > > > > > Implementing
> > > > > > > > local mapping now, and then adding a centralized mapping later
> > > > > > > > would
> > > > > > > > delay deployment and would add too much complexity IMO.
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > Why ? This is exactly the same as overlaying global policy on top
> > > > > > > of
> > > > > > > local policy, I honestly do not see it as any more complex than
> > > > > > > needed.
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > As for how to deal with new services (in the initial
> > > > > > > > implementation),
> > > > > > > > two ideas come to mind:
> > > > > > > > 1) My preference would be that only services included in the
> > > > > > > > upstream
> > > > > > > > provided lists will be affected by gpo-based access control.
> > > > > > > > Not
> > > > > > > > very
> > > > > > > > extensible, but that's OK if we intend on adding a GPO mapping
> > > > > > > > in a
> > > > > > > > future release.
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > Upstream runs on multiple OSs and Linux distributions, within
> > > > > > > those
> > > > > > > there is already, I bet, enough conflict to make a single
> > > > > > > upstream
> > > > > > > list
> > > > > > > unfeasible, as pam service names are somewhat arbitrary and
> > > > > > > customized
> > > > > > > in different way especially for very distro-specific services
> > > > > > > like
> > > > > > > login
> > > > > > > and graphical session managers.
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > 2) Alternatively, we could go with a completely different
> > > > > > > > proposal
> > > > > > > > that would affect all pam services. Specifically, since remote
> > > > > > > > login
> > > > > > > > seems to be an uncommon pam service (we could only come up with
> > > > > > > > "ssh"), we could declare that "ssh" maps to
> > > > > > > > RemoteInteractiveLogonRight, and that *all* other services
> > > > > > > > (including
> > > > > > > > new services, custom services, etc), map to
> > > > > > > > InteractiveLogonRight.
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > That would be wrong. I suspect one of the services you really
> > > > > > > want to
> > > > > > > control, as a windows admin, is samba file services, and those
> > > > > > > must
> > > > > > > be
> > > > > > > mapped to NetworkLogonRight.
> > > > > > > And NEtworkLogonRight seem to be generally the most sensible
> > > > > > > default
> > > > > > > once you exclude the services you know are interactive login
> > > > > > > shells.
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > >  While certainly not ideal (and not my preference), I think AD
> > > > > > > >  admins
> > > > > > > > would find this easier to grok than local mappings, as it would
> > > > > > > > be
> > > > > > > > predictable and would allow policy authority to remain
> > > > > > > > centralized,
> > > > > > > > without central directives being manipulated by local admins.
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > If the admin doesn't grok what services run on a Linux box, they
> > > > > > > are
> > > > > > > already doomed I would think. You need at least a passing
> > > > > > > understanding
> > > > > > > of the policies you are going to set. We can *definitely* provide
> > > > > > > a
> > > > > > > good
> > > > > > > default set, admins should not be required to provide explicit
> > > > > > > mappings
> > > > > > > if the default works for them, but an unchangeable list will
> > > > > > > severely
> > > > > > > reduce the utility of the feature.
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > 
> > > > > > OK. I forgot that local admins can disable gpo processing, so
> > > > > > although
> > > > > > AD admins may want centralized control over all domain computers
> > > > > > (whether Windows or Linux), they may not be able to get it with
> > > > > > this
> > > > > > feature. Whether this will be a show-stopper for them remains to be
> > > > > > seen. With that in mind, I agree that it makes sense to allow pam
> > > > > > services to be mapped to logon rights.
> > > > > > 
> > > > > > With regard to the default set of mappings, I propose the following
> > > > > > (based on previous emails).
> > > > > >   login/*dm/su* maps to InteractiveLogonRight
> > > > > >   ssh maps to RemoteInteractiveLogonRight
> > > > > >   explicit mappings are honored
> > > > > >   if the service is still unmapped, map it to NetworkLogonRight
> > > > > 
> > > > > I think we can take a page from FreeIPA's configuration, this is the
> > > > > original list of services we provide by default for HBAC:
> > > > > 
> > > > > sshd
> > > > > ftp
> > > > > su
> > > > > login
> > > > > su-l
> > > > > sudo
> > > > > sudo-i
> > > > > gdm
> > > > > gdm-password
> > > > > kdm
> > > > > 
> > > > > To which later updates added:
> > > > > crond
> > > > > vsftpd
> > > > > proftpd
> > > > > pure-ftpd
> > > > > gssftp
> > > > > 
> > > > > Keep in mind that FreeIPA uses also service groups so all the ftp
> > > > > services are grouped under a ftp group.
> > > > > 
> > > > > I think that we can add crond and samba to the first list and use
> > > > > that
> > > > > as the default list.
> > > > > 
> > > > > > A few questions for you:
> > > > > > * Does this list make sense?
> > > > > 
> > > > > Mostly, yes.
> > > > > 
> > > > > > * Should there be anything special about the default set, or can an
> > > > > > admin re-map services from the default set (i.e. map "ssh" to
> > > > > > NetworkLogonRight)?
> > > > > 
> > > > > I would use the following mappings.
> > > > > 
> > > > > InteractiveLogonRight:
> > > > > 	su, login, su-l, sudo, sudo-i, gdm, gdm-password, kdm
> > > > > RemoteInteractiveLogonRight:
> > > > > 	sshd
> > > > > NetworkLogonRight:
> > > > > 	ftp
> > > > > 	samba
> > > > > BatchLogonRight (?):
> > > > > 	crond
> > > > > 
> > > > > I am not sure what to use as default fallback for any service that do
> > > > > not match these.
> > > > > 
> > > > > There is a default "remote" service in Fedora, and there is a "other"
> > > > > service which matches any unrecognized service IIRC.
> > > > > 
> > > > > Maybe we could map unknown stuff to ServiceLogonRight which poorly
> > > > > translates to anything useful on Linux I think.
> > > > > 
> > > > > > * Should an admin be able to map a service to NULL (indicating that
> > > > > > they don't want this service to be enforced by GPO policy)
> > > > > 
> > > > > So your suggestion would be the unrecognized services would simply be
> > > > > ignored when it comes to GPO enforcing ?
> > > > > 
> > > > 
> > > > Yes. By essentially providing an opt-in model for pam services (with
> > > > respect to gpo enforcement), we would be requiring someone to make an
> > > > informed decision about the service-to-Right mapping (rather than for
> > > > us
> > > > to make an arbitrary decision). When an unmapped service is
> > > > encountered,
> > > > we would emit a log message (so that the admin can add an explicit
> > > > mapping, if he forgot to add one). I suspect the distros would be savvy
> > > > enough to pre-populate the sssd.conf file with distro-specific service
> > > > mappings, but an individual admin using their own custom pam service
> > > > might
> > > > need a nudge.
> > > > 
> > > > For example, if an admin forgets to explicitly map a custom service (or
> > > > doesn't even know he needs to), it would be better for him to receive
> > > > an
> > > > "unrecognized service" message in the logs (which would hopefully
> > > > remind
> > > > him to add an explicit mapping, after giving it some thought), than for
> > > > us
> > > > to arbitrarily map the custom service to some default (which might even
> > > > result in unintended access denials).
> > > > 
> > > > This would be in line with the opt-in model we are using for overall
> > > > gpo-enforcement (b/c the default is "permissive"). An admin would have
> > > > to
> > > > intentionally set the mode to "enforcing", and would have to
> > > > intentionally
> > > > provide explicit mappings for non-default services (or even to change a
> > > > default service mapping).
> > > > 
> > > > What do you think?
> > > 
> > > Explaining on the logs why access to a service was granted or denied is
> > > always a good idea. I guess those messages will fell in the
> > > audit-messages category but currently SSSD does not treat audit messages
> > > specially. Maybe we should start simple and just add an alias to the
> > > DEBUG macro called AUDIT? Later on we can start handling them differently
> > > than other debug messages but we will already have (at least for newer
> > > code) a label in the code where audit information originates.
> > > 
> > 
> > Can't we just use the sss_log_ext() function that I introduced recently (in
> > util.h). It is currently used only in ad_gpo.c (to deal with gpo
> > permissive mode). Note that this function emits a syslog message to the
> > security log (with or without journald). It does not emit a message to the
> > debug log (although the code separately emits a debug log message).
> > 
> > from ad_gpo.c:
> >     sss_log_ext(SSS_LOG_WARNING, LOG_AUTHPRIV, "Warning: user would " \
> >                "have been denied GPO-based logon access if the " \
> >                "ad_gpo_access_control option were set to enforcing " \
> >                "mode.");
> > 
> > > (Sorry for hijacking this tread, I'll return now to the gpo and services
> > > discussion :-)
> > > 
> > > I'd like to try to summarize the discussion with a hypothetical man page
> > > section of new config options:
> > > 
> > > ad_gpo_map_interactive (string)
> > >     A comma-separated list of PAM service names for which access control
> > >     is evaluated with the help of the AD Interactive Logon Right.
> > > 
> > >     Default: su, login, su-l, sudo, sudo-i, gdm, gdm-password, kdm
> > > 
> > > ad_gpo_map_remote_interactive (string)
> > >     A comma-separated list of PAM service names for which access control
> > >     is evaluated with the help of the AD Remote Interactive Logon Right.
> > > 
> > >     Default: sshd
> > > 
> > > ad_gpo_map_network (string)
> > >     A comma-separated list of PAM service names for which access control
> > >     is evaluated with the help of the AD Network Logon Right.
> > > 
> > >     Default: ftp
> > > 
> > > ad_gpo_map_batch (string)
> > >     A comma-separated list of PAM service names for which access control
> > >     is evaluated with the help of the AD Batch Logon Right.
> > > 
> > >     Default: crond
> > > 
> > > ad_gpo_map_service (string)
> > >     A comma-separated list of PAM service names for which access control
> > >     is evaluated with the help of the AD Service Logon Right.
> > > 
> > >     Default: Not set
> > > 
> > > ad_gpo_default_rights (string)
> > >     This option defines how access control is evaluated for PAM
> > >     services which are not explicitly listed in one of the ad_gpo_map_*
> > >     options. Allowed values are 'interactive', 'remote_interactive',
> > >     'network', 'batch' and 'service' to do the evaluation based on the
> > >     corresponding AD Logon Right. Additionally 'permit' and 'deny' can
> > >     be used to either always grant or reject access for those PAM
> > >     services.
> > > 
> > >     Default: deny
> > > 
> > > bye,
> > > Sumit
> > 
> > Thanks!! This is a great start! Very helpful.
> > 
> > A few comments:
> > 
> > 1. We should tweak the wording a bit (and also mention the corresponding
> > Deny Rights). For example, "A comma-separated list of PAM service names
> > for which access control is evaluated based on the AD BatchLogonRight and
> > DenyBatchLogonRight policy settings."
> 
> Perhaps..
> 
> > 
> > 2. We should make the option names describe the contents of the option. For
> > example, "ad_gpo_service_names_interactive"
> 
> I actually liked the "_map_" better. The semantics is what UNIX services
> you map onto interactive or remote GPO service groups.

My thinking was that the sssd config option names typically describe the expected option value(s). For example, ad_domain expects a domain; ad_hostname expects a hostname. In this case, since the values are going to be service names, I thought it would be appropriate to include "service_names" in the option.

Also, in the case of "ad_gpo_map_interactive", if I looked only at that option name, I would think the expected value was some sort of a map of tuples, such as (login=>interactive),(su=>interactive), etc. 

The most accurate name would be "ad_gpo_pam_service_names_that_map_to_interactive_logon_right", but that is too long, of course. :)

Having said all that, if the team has a strong preference for "ad_gpo_map_interactive", etc, then we can go with that.

> 
> > 
> > 3. The default for ad_gpo_map_network should also include "samba" (in
> > addition to "ftp")
> > 
> > 4. Should we add the various gdm-* service names as interactive:
> > gdm-autologin, gdm-fingerprint, gdm-launch-environment, gdm-pin,
> > gdm-smartcard
> > 
> > 5. Should we add the screen savers as interactive: gnome-screensaver,
> > kscreensaver
> 
> I think we should check with Ray Strode (halfline on
> IRC) about the and screensaver semantics. For instance in
> https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1104756#c16 Ray argued that
> screensaver only 're-authenticates'.
> 
> I tend to agree about the gdm-* services, but again, checking with Ray
> might be a good idea. I think at least in the past, gdm would do some
> funky stuff with non-password authentication, like sending the authtoks
> to several different pam services and checking which ones would let the
> user through..I'm not sure if it's still the case now after the Gnome
> 3.x rewrite.
> 
> What does gdm-launch-environment do?
> 

OK. I will check with Ray. I don't know what gdm-launch-environment does. I just noticed it was in my /etc/pam.d

> > 
> > 6. I don't like overloading the ad_gpo_default_rights option so as to
> > include either a Right or a permit/deny. In fact, I don't think a default
> > Right is needed at all (but the permit/deny might be useful). Assuming
> > there
> > are only a handful of unrecognized rights, there is already a convenient
> > mechanism to specify explicit mappings. We can use a non-overloaded
> > option that can be used to specify permit/deny semantics for unmapped
> > service names. I think this would be more understandable. For example:
> > "ad_gpo_service_names_unmapped_action (string): This option defines how
> > access control is evaluated for PAM services which are not explicitly
> > listed in one of the ad_gpo_service_names_* options. Values of 'permit'
> > and 'deny' can be used to either always grant or always reject access for
> > those PAM services."
> 
> Could we do with only providing mapping of PAM services to Logon Rights
> and denying the rest?
> 
> > 
> > 7. I think the default for the default/unmapped option should be "permit"
> > rather than "deny" (to be consistent with the opt-in model for overall gpo
> > processing)
> 
> I don't like if the fallback or default includes a 'permit' right, then the
> semantics smell too much like deny lists which are almost always a bad idea.
> 
> What exactly do you mean by opt-in model? The 'permissive' option by
> default?

Yes. Since we require the admin to opt-in to overall gpo enforcement (by changing 'permissive' to 'enforcing'), I thought it would be consistent to also require the admin to opt-in to service-name mappings. However, since the admin already has to manually make the change to 'enforcing', then they presumably know what they're doing, and will be able to debug any issues they get in which unmapped service names are being denied access.

In short, I agree that we should deny by default.

>
>

Do you think we should allow unmapped service names to be mapped to a default right (like "interactive")?
Or should we only allow unmapped service names to correspond to "permit" or "deny"?
Or should we allow both?

Regards,
Yassir.



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