On Fri, 2019-03-01 at 11:46 +0000, Tim Waugh wrote:
On Fri, 1 Mar 2019 at 00:42, Jonathan Ryshpan <jonrysh@pacbell.net> wrote:
The drive also produces an occasional beeping sound: pitch about 340 cps (my best guess using a tuner), lasting about 250 msec. The beeps happen when the drive is in use, particularly when it's busy, and never when the drive is starting up.

Have you looked at the SMART data for these drives? It might be worth paying particular attention to the "Reallocation Event Count" and "Reallocated Sectors Count". If the first is larger than the second (i.e. there were failed reallocation attempts), it could explain the filesystem corruption.

I don't think smart data is available for this drive, but I'd like to be proved wrong. Advice is welcome:

# smartctl -a -d scsi /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.6 2017-11-05 r4594 [x86_64-linux-4.20.11-200.fc29.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-17, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Vendor:               Seagate
Product:              Ultra Slim GD
Revision:             0108
Compliance:           SPC-4
User Capacity:        2,000,398,933,504 bytes [2.00 TB]
Logical block size:   512 bytes
LU is fully provisioned
Logical Unit id:      0x3e4137565731325a
Serial number:        NA7VW12Z
Device type:          disk
Local Time is:        Fri Mar  1 12:18:40 2019 PST
SMART support is:     Unavailable - device lacks SMART capability.

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
Current Drive Temperature:     0 C
Drive Trip Temperature:        0 C

Error Counter logging not supported

No self-tests have been logged