George R Goffe composed on 2024-10-05 17:26 (UTC):
I've been having a consistent failure of startx apparently due to the addition of "nomodeset" to the kernel boot parameters.
Nomodeset is a troubleshooting parameter, designed to enable failsafe GUI operation so that logs can be accessed and reconfiguration can be performed in a crude fallback graphical environment. AIUI, Gnome and KDE/Plasma cannot run in either of these fallback GUI modes. Nomodeset blocks all kernel graphics modules that provide the KMS (Kernel Mode Setting) that all competent FOSS graphics drivers (amdgpu, intel, modesetting, nouveau, radeon) unconditionally depend on.